699:, argued that MBBK's hypothesis implies a conspiracy between WRR and their co-contributors to fraudulently tune the appellations in advance. Gans argues that the conspiracy must include Doron Witztum, Eliyahu Rips, and S. Z. Havlin, because they all say Havlin compiled the appellations independently. Gans argues further that such a conspiracy must include the multiple rabbis who have written a letter confirming the accuracy of Havlin's list. Finally, argues Gans, such a conspiracy must also include the multiple participants of the cities experiment conducted by Gans (which includes Gans himself). Gans concludes that "the number of people necessarily involved in will stretch the credulity of any reasonable person." Gans further argued that while "the mathematical issues are difficult for non-mathematicians to comprehend, I can summarize as follows: Professor McKay and his colleagues never claimed to have discovered real codes in those non-Torah texts. Their only "successful" results were obtained by deliberately rigging the experiment in such a way that the layman wouldn't recognize the mathematical flaws."
776:, has checked the Bible Code for many years and became convinced of its validity. He contributed a new experiment, checking whether, besides the minimal ELS โ in which it was known that WRR's list was successful in Genesis and MBBK's list was successful in War and Peace โ there were other, non-minimal ELSs where there is convergence between the rabbis' names and their respective dates. This had the effect of checking convergence found at 2nd minimal ELSs, 3rd minimal ELSs and so on. According to Haralick, the results were impressive; WRR's list was successful until the 20th minimal ELS, whereas MBBK's list failed after the 2nd minimal ELS. Haralick lectured on the subject in front of the participants of the international conference on pattern recognition in 2006.
530:. The editorial board was highly skeptical due to the fact that computers can be used to "mine" data for patterns that intuitively seem surprising, but upon careful analysis are found not be statistically significant. While they did find a number of possible sources of error, they were unable to find anyone willing to put in the substantial time and energy required to properly reanalyze all data. However, they did find it intriguing, and therefore decided to offer it as a "challenging puzzle" for anyone interested in doing so. An unintended result of this was that outsiders mistook this as a confirmation of the paper's claims.
649:, in which they argued that the case of Witztum, Rips and Rosenberg (WRR) was "fatally defective, and that their result merely reflects on the choices made in designing their experiment and collecting the data for it." The MBBK paper was reviewed anonymously by four professional statisticians prior to publication. In the introduction to the paper, Robert Kass, the Editor of the Journal who previously had described the WRR paper as a "challenging puzzle" wrote that "considering the work of McKay, Bar-Natan, Kalai and Bar-Hillel as a whole it indeed appears, as they conclude, that the puzzle has been solved".
802:). This is because the verse deals with the cities of refuge where accidental killers can find asylum. In this case, then, the message would refer to an accidental killing of (or by) Rabin and it would therefore be wrong. Another message (p. 17) supposedly contains a "complete" description of the terrorist bombing of a bus in Jerusalem on February 25, 1996. It includes the phrase "fire, great noise," but overlooks the fact that the letters which make up those two words are actually part of a larger phrase from
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formats which MBBK suggested had been intentionally avoided by WRR. Using MBBK's alternates, the results WRR returned showed equivalent or better support for the existence of the codes, and so challenged the "wiggle room" assertion of MBBK. In the wake of the WRR response, author Bar-Natan issued a formal statement of non-response. After a series of exchanges with McKay and Bar-Hillel, WRR author
Witztum responded in a new paper claiming that McKay had used smoke screen tactics in creating several
559:(1997) was a best-seller in many countries. Rips issued a public statement that he did not support Drosnin's work or conclusions; even Gans has stated that, although the book says the codes in the Torah can be used to predict future events, "This is absolutely unfounded. There is no scientific or mathematical basis for such a statement, and the reasoning used to come to such a conclusion in the book is logically flawed." In 2002, Drosnin published a second book on the same subject, called
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1439:, p. 337. "The scholarly rebuttals to Bible codes have been devastating. These rebuttals have provided strong evidence that there is nothing mystical or divine about ELS. The arguments leveled against this method of finding secret messages fall into two basic categories: that relating to probability, and that relating to textual variations
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Drosnin also made a number of claims and alleged predictions that have since failed. Among the most important, Drosnin clearly states in his book "The Bible Code II", published on
December 2, 2002, that there was to be a World War involving an "atomic holocaust" that would allegedly be the end of the
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Rips and
Witztum and Yoav Rosenberg designed computer software for the ELS technique and subsequently found many examples. About 1985, they decided to carry out a formal test, and the "Great rabbis experiment" was born. This experiment tested the hypothesis that ELS's of the names of famous rabbinic
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The WRR authors issued a series of responses regarding the claims of MBBK, including the claim that no such tuning did or even could have taken place. An earlier WRR response to a request by MBBK authors presented results from additional experiments that used the specific "alternate" name and date
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Since 2000, physicist Nathan Jacobi, an agnostic Jew, and engineer Moshe Aharon Shak, an orthodox Jew, claim to have discovered hundreds of examples of lengthy, extended ELSs. The number of extended ELSs at various lengths is compared with those expected from a non-encoded text, as determined by a
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Once a specific word has been found using the ELS method, other words are sought based on the same letter spacing. Code proponents
Haralick and Rips have published an example of a longer, extended ELS, which reads, "Destruction I will call you; cursed is Bin Laden and revenge is to the Messiah".
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Brendan McKay has replied that he and his colleagues have never accused Havlin or Gans of participating in a conspiracy. Instead, says McKay, Havlin likely did what WRR's early preprints stated he did, in providing "valuable advices". Similarly, McKay accepts Gans's statements that Gans did not
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Though the basic thesis of the research seems wildly improbable, for many years I thought that an ironclad case had been made for the codes; I did not see how 'cheating' could have been possible. Then came the work of the 'opponents' (see, for example, McKay, Bar-Natan, Bar-Hillel and Kalai,
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arguments, and thereby avoided the points made by WRR authors refuting MBBK. Witztum also claimed that, upon interviewing a key independent expert contracted by McKay for the MBBK paper, some experiments performed for MBBK had validated, rather than refuted, the original WRR findings. Witzum
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improved relations with the West in 2003 and gave up all their existing weapons of mass destruction programs. A final claim
Drosnin made in "The Bible Code II" was that Palestinian Authority leader Yasser Arafat would allegedly be assassinated by being shot to death by gunmen which Drosnin
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personalities and their respective birth and death dates form a more compact arrangement than could be explained by chance. Their definition of "compact" was complex but, roughly, two ELSs were compactly arranged if they can be displayed together in a small window. When Rips
352:. The paper, which was presented by the journal as a "challenging puzzle", presented what appeared to be strong statistical evidence that biographical information about famous rabbis was encoded in the text of the Book of Genesis, centuries before those rabbis lived.
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employs Bible codes in their
Discovery Seminars to persuade secular Jews of the divinity of the Torah, and to encourage them to trust in traditional Orthodox Jewish teachings. Use of Bible code techniques also spread into certain Christian circles, especially in the
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specifically stated would be from the
Palestinian Hamas movement. This prediction by Drosnin also failed, as Yasser Arafat died on November 11, 2004 of what was later declared to be natural causes (specifically a stroke brought on by an unknown infection).
810:
world. Another claim
Drosnin makes in "The Bible Code II" is that the nation of Libya would develop weapons of mass destruction which would then be given to terrorists who would then use them to attack the West (specifically the United States). In reality,
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The MBBK paper argued that the ELS experiment is extraordinarily sensitive to very small changes in the spellings of appellations, and the WRR result "merely reflects on the choices made in designing their experiment and collecting the data for it."
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Some tests purportedly showing statistically significant codes in the Bible were published as a "challenging puzzle" in a peer-reviewed academic journal in 1994, which was pronounced "solved" in a subsequent 1999 paper published in the same journal.
796:. Scholars note; "For example, citing again the passage intersecting with Rabin: that passage is from Deuteronomy 4:42, but Drosnin ignores the words immediately following "a murderer who will murder." What comes next is the phrase "unwittingly" (
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prepare the data for his cities experiment himself. McKay concludes that "there is only ONE person who needs to have been involved in knowing fakery, and a handful of his disciples who must be involved in the cover-up (perhaps with good intent)."
760:... Research conducted under my own supervision failed to confirm the existence of the codes โ though it also did not establish their non-existence. So I must return to my a priori estimate, that the Codes phenomenon is improbable".
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Proponents claim that such ELS extensions that form phrases or sentences have statistical significance, maintaining that the longer the extended ELS, the less likely it is to be the result of chance. Critics reply, as in the
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The MBBK paper demonstrated that this "tuning", when combined with what MBBK asserted was available "wiggle" room, was capable of generating a result similar to WRR's
Genesis result in a Hebrew translation of
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that, according to proponents, has predicted significant historical events. The statistical likelihood of the Bible code arising by chance has been thoroughly researched, and it is now widely considered to be
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Statistical
Science 14 (1999), 149โ173). Though this work did not convince me that the data had been manipulated, it did convince me that it could have been; that manipulation was technically possible.
1804:^ Aumann, R.H., H. Furstenberg, I. Lapides, and D. Witztum (July 2004) (PDF). Analyses of the "Gans" Committee Report (#365). Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
538:
Another experiment, in which the names of the famous rabbis were matched against the places of their births and deaths (rather than the dates), was conducted in 1997 by Harold Gans, former Senior
310:, as similar phenomena can be observed in any sufficiently lengthy text. Although Bible codes have been postulated and studied for centuries, the subject has been popularized in modern times by
549:
Again, the results were interpreted as being meaningful and thus suggestive of a more than chance result. These Bible codes became known to the public primarily due to the American journalist
386:). Letters are selected based on a starting point and counting every nth letter based on a given 'skip number' in a given direction. For example, taking every fourth letter in the phrase "
752:
Following an analysis of the experiment and the dynamics of the controversy, stating for example that "almost everybody included made up their mind early in the game", Aumann concluded:
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which says: "under the terebinth that was near Shechem." If the phrase does tell of a bus bombing, why not take it to indicate that it would be in Nablus, the site of ancient Shechem?"
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to explain the "puzzle" of how the codes were discovered. MBBK's argument was not strictly mathematical, rather it asserted that the WRR authors and contributors had intentionally:
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In some cases, multiple terms may be derived from an 'ELS letter array' (text in a grid, with the same number of letters in each line). In the example provided, part of the
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and published by his students after his death in 1957. In the 1980s, some discoveries of Israeli school teacher Avraham Oren came to the attention of the mathematician
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deconstruction of 1997, that the longer ELS is in fact effectively nothing more than further increased number of permutations, employing a massive application of the
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Journalist Drosnin's books have been criticized by some who believe the Bible code is real but that it cannot predict the future. On Drosnin's claim of
619:, that the number of letters was not constant even in the first centuries CE. The Bible code theory thus does not seem to account for these variations.
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No publication in a peer reviewed scientific journal has appeared refuting MBBK's paper. In 2006, four new Torah Codes papers were published at the
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could not be found in advance". Critics have noted a huge error in the "code" Drosnin claimed to have found: Drosnin misused the Biblical verse
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1983:
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2132:"Arafat died from stroke linked to infection, records show / Review finds poisoning unlikely, rebuts rumor that Palestinian leader had AIDS"
1443:... Textual variations: Another flaw in the ELS approach is that its proponents seem unaware of variations in the text of the Old Testament
678:. Bar-Hillel subsequently summarized the MBBK view that the WRR paper was a hoax, an intentionally and carefully designed "magic trick".
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Introduction to "Solving the Bible Code Puzzle" by Brendan McKay, Dror Bar-Natan, Maya Bar-Hillel and Gil Kalai Statistical Science, 14
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carried out the experiment, the data was measured and found to be statistically significant, supporting their hypothesis.
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and Yoav Rosenberg published a paper, "Equidistant Letter Sequences in the Book of Genesis", in the scientific journal
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1:1โ6. Biblia Hebraica from Kittel's edition (BHK) 1909. Four letters, fifty letters apart, starting from the first
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988:"Introduction to "Solving the Bible Code Puzzle" by Brendan McKay, Dror BarNatan, Maya BarHillel and Gil Kalai"
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The "great rabbis experiment" went through several iterations, and was eventually published in 1994, in the
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Doron Witztum; Eliyahu Rips; Yoav Rosenberg (1994). "Equidistant letter sequences in the Book of Genesis".
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described an ELS in the Bible. His four-letter example related to the traditional zero-point of the
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is not consistent across manuscripts in any period. It is known from earlier versions, such as the
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1705:"Concerning Witztum's response to our article "Codes in War and Peace โ a reply to Doron Witztum""
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Designed their experiments to match their selection, thereby achieving their "desired" result.
591:. Another Bible code technique was developed in 1997 by Dean Coombs (also Christian). Various
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Grasping God's Word: A Hands-On Approach to Reading, Interpreting, and Applying the Bible
480:. Over the following centuries there are hints that the ELS technique was known, e.g. in
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in 2005, has followed the Bible code research and controversy for many years. He wrote:
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of Jerusalem. Rips then took up the study together with his religious studies partners
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The primary method by which purportedly meaningful messages have been extracted is the
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Has Science Found God?: The Latest Results in the Search for Purpose in the Universe
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433:(26:5โ10) is shown with 21 letters per line, showing ELSs for "Bible" and "code".
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questioned why MBBK had expunged these results. McKay replied to these claims.
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2386:, Thursday November 20, 2003, featuring comments by Drosnin, Rips, and McKay.
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1376:"Bible Code Pictograms Bible Codes that form images that predict the future"
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Purported set of secret messages encoded within the Hebrew text of the Torah
1892:"Scientists claim the Bible is written in code that predicts future events"
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McKay, Brendan; Bar-Natan, Dror; Bar-Hillel, Maya; Kalai, Gil (May 1999).
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410:", when read backwards and ignoring spaces, derives the word 'Safest'.
2394:
Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal
1339:
863: โ Numerological practice of reading a word or phrase as a number
2290:
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902: โ Jungian concept of the meaningfulness of acausal coincidences
417:
Example of the ELS method showing an arrangement of the letters from
196:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
724:'s 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06).
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The precise order of consonantal letters represented in the Hebrew
421:
26:5โ10 in a 21-column grid to derive the words "Bible" and "code".
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A priori, the thesis of the Codes research seems wildly improbable
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302:
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Haralick, Robert M.; Rips, Eliyahu; Glazerson, Matiyahu (2005).
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1875:"Testing The Torah Code Hypothesis: The Experimental Protocol"
254:
161:
59:
18:
1519:"A Primer on the Torah Codes Controversy for Laymen (part 1)"
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B. McKay; D. Bar-Natan; M. Bar-Hillel & G. Kalai (1999).
1375:
1029:"Secret Codes In The Bible And The Torah? Investigators YES!"
1296:"Public Statement by Dr. Rips on Michael Drosnin's theories"
2156:
Erlanger, Steven; Altman, Lawrence K. (September 8, 2005).
2130:
Erlanger, Steven; Altman, Lawrence K. (December 14, 2003).
1727:"2006 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition"
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are claimed to be formed by words and sentences using ELS.
788:, Drosnin wrote in his book "The Bible Code" (1997) that "
2393:
1661:"New Statistical Evidence for a Genuine Code in Genesis"
1490:
Maya Bar-Hillel & Avishai Margali (December 1999).
1459:"Solving the Bible Code Puzzle. Statistical Science 14"
895:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
838:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
829:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
185:
2043:. Commondreams.org. December 20, 2003. Archived from
970:"Equidistant Letter Sequences in the Book of Genesis"
342:
method became widespread in 1994 when Doron Witztum,
2291:"Skeptoid #408: The Bible Code: Enigmas for Dummies"
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1236:
797:
643:(collectively known as "MBBK") published a paper in
365:
288:
266:
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2543:
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893: โ Hidden name of God in Judaism and occultism
881: โ Hypothetical mathematical code in the Quran
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2226:
908: โ Numerological study of the Christian Bible
1422:Sherman, R. Edwin, with Jacobi and Swaney. 2005.
1166:Sherman, R. Edwin, with Jacobi and Swaney. 2005.
491:In the 20th century, many examples were found by
660:Selected the names and/or dates in advance, and;
2158:"Medical Records Say Arafat Died From a Stroke"
754:
745:
507:and Alexander Rotenberg, among several others.
1307:
1305:
1146:. Mazal & Bracha Publishing. p. 125.
2419:
2041:"Libya Gives Up Nuclear and Chemical Weapons"
964:
962:
8:
887: โ Branch of mathematical combinatorics
857: โ English Qaballa system of James Lees
371:
260:
1261:"Kabbalah, Torah, and Torah Codes โ People"
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2426:
2412:
2404:
1943:"The Bible "Codes": A Textual Perspective"
1426:Green Forest, Ar.: New Leaf Press. 281โ286
851: โ Bias confirming existing attitudes
1858:
1774:"Analysis of the "Gans" Committee Report"
1474:
1170:Green Forest, Ar.: New Leaf Press. 95โ109
1116:Torah Outreach Resource Center of Houston
1069:
1003:
942:
772:, a Professor of Computer Science at the
652:From their observations, MBBK created an
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
1144:Torah Codes: A Glimpse into the Infinite
2382:, transcript of a story which aired on
1435:J. Scott Duvall, J. Daniel Hays, 2012,
1340:"Bible Code โ The Skeptic's Dictionary"
917:
2101:"Palestinian leader Arafat dies at 75"
1837:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1830:
1755:
1744:
875: โ Mystical properties of numbers
86:Please improve this article by adding
1404:from the original on October 26, 2010
1051:
1049:
836: โ Archaeological sub-discipline
7:
1182:"Hidden Messages and The Bible Code"
1132:. Montreal: Green Shoelace Books. 38
542:Mathematician for the United States
1853:"Torah Codes: Redundant Encoding".
1525:from the original on March 18, 2008
372:
284:
261:
2390:Hidden Messages and The Bible Code
1027:Torres, Monty (February 2, 2012).
845: โ Use of books in divination
627:In 1999, Australian mathematician
356:Equidistant letter sequence method
301:words within a Hebrew text of the
259:on the first verse, form the word
14:
2271:. UK: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
2252:. UK: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
2210:. UK: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
2111:from the original on June 1, 2010
1953:from the original on May 15, 2010
1469:(2). projecteuclid.org: 150โ173.
1318:. Prometheus Books. p. 230.
1279:"Public Statement by Harold Gans"
1249:. projecteuclid.org. p. 149.
1180:Thomas, Dave (November 1, 1997).
579:. The main early proponents were
34:This article has multiple issues.
2250:The Bible Code II: The Countdown
2229:The Bible Code II: The Countdown
2136:San Francisco Chronicle โ SFGate
1227:"The Rambam and the Bible Codes"
1112:"The Rambam and the Bible Codes"
827: โ Phenomenon in statistics
166:
64:
23:
2358:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books.
2310:"The Bible Code: A Book Review"
1494:. dartmouth.edu. Archived from
1398:"Find what you are looking for"
927:"Solving the Bible Code Puzzle"
623:Criticism of the original paper
338:Discussion around one specific
42:or discuss these issues on the
1707:. Cs.anu.edu.au. June 15, 2001
1:
2354:The Bible Code: Fact or Fake?
2321:American Mathematical Society
2269:The Bible Code III: The Quest
786:Yitzhak Rabin's assassination
88:secondary or tertiary sources
2191:. US: Simon & Schuster.
2069:Bible Code II: The Countdown
2009:Bible Code II: The Countdown
1975:Bible Code II: The Countdown
1564:"Brief notes on Gans Primer"
986:Kass, Robert E. (May 1999).
780:Criticism of Michael Drosnin
682:Replies to MBBK's criticisms
561:Bible Code II: the Countdown
1545:"Up Close with Harold Gans"
1312:Stenger, Victor J. (2009).
798:
774:City University of New York
639:, and Israeli psychologist
484:of the 16th century mystic
366:
364:(ELS), also referred to as
362:Equidistant Letter Sequence
308:statistically insignificant
289:
267:
253:
192:the claims made and adding
2706:
2634:Observer-expectancy effect
1128:Shak, Moshe Aharon. 2004.
825:Alignment of random points
681:
2561:Paranoiac-critical method
2267:Drosnin, Michael (2006).
2248:Drosnin, Michael (2002).
2225:Drosnin, Michael (2002).
2206:Drosnin, Michael (1997).
2185:Drosnin, Michael (1997).
2066:Drosnin, Michael (2001).
2006:Drosnin, Michael (2001).
1972:Drosnin, Michael (2001).
1733:. August 8, 2006: iโiii.
631:, Israeli mathematicians
469:The 13th-century Spanish
1741:– via IEEE Xplore.
1130:Bible Codes Breakthrough
741:Nobel Prize in Economics
697:National Security Agency
544:National Security Agency
297:, is a purported set of
2335:. New York: W. Morrow.
2333:Cracking the Bible Code
1843:. Retrieved 2006-06-20.
1492:"Madness in the Method"
1400:. biblecodedigest.com.
1213:"Torah Codes Explained"
1094:"Torah Codes Explained"
2685:Language and mysticism
2350:Stanton, Phil (1998).
1754:Cite journal requires
1298:. despatch.cth.com.au.
762:
750:
691:Harold Gans, a former
654:alternative hypothesis
493:Michael Ber Weissmandl
422:
272:
75:relies excessively on
2107:. November 11, 2004.
1476:10.1214/ss/1009212243
1080:10.1214/ss/1177010393
1005:10.1214/ss/1009212242
944:10.1214/ss/1009212243
722:IEEE Computer Society
525:peer-reviewed journal
454:look-elsewhere effect
416:
320:(1997) and the movie
293:), also known as the
247:
2233:. US: Viking Books.
1941:(October 13, 1999).
1739:10.1109/ICPR.2006.10
1693:on February 9, 2007.
1687:www.torahcodes.co.il
1671:on February 5, 2007.
1665:www.torahcodes.co.il
1610:on October 13, 2007.
1551:. September 2, 2007.
1424:Bible Code Bombshell
1243:Kass, R. E. (1999).
1168:Bible Code Bombshell
2639:Pattern recognition
2612:Clustering illusion
2586:Visual cryptography
1463:Statistical Science
1058:Statistical Science
992:Statistical Science
931:Statistical Science
834:Biblical archeology
646:Statistical Science
528:Statistical Science
349:Statistical Science
2449:Subliminal message
2398:Skeptical Inquirer
2329:Satinover, Jeffrey
2317:Notices of the AMS
2308:(September 1997).
2162:The New York Times
1187:Skeptical Inquirer
739:and winner of the
449:Skeptical Inquirer
427:King James Version
423:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
290:hatzofen hatanachi
273:
177:possibly contains
2667:
2666:
2617:Cryptic crossword
2494:Phonetic reversal
2306:Sternberg, Shlomo
2079:978-0-14-200350-3
2019:978-0-14-200350-3
1985:978-0-14-200350-3
1939:Tigay, Jeffrey H.
1592:on March 9, 2001.
1562:B. McKay (2003).
1378:. bible-codes.org
1325:978-1-61592-158-4
1265:www.torahcode.net
1215:. August 2, 2011.
849:Confirmation bias
534:Other experiments
501:Hebrew University
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
240:
239:
232:
222:
221:
214:
179:original research
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
2697:
2659:Unconscious mind
2428:
2421:
2414:
2405:
2369:
2357:
2346:
2324:
2314:
2304:Jackson, Allyn;
2300:
2289:(June 5, 2007).
2282:
2263:
2244:
2232:
2221:
2202:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2047:on June 28, 2010
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1917:"The Bible Code"
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1819:on June 25, 2006
1818:
1812:. Archived from
1811:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1786:on June 25, 2006
1785:
1779:. Archived from
1778:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1689:. Archived from
1679:
1673:
1672:
1667:. Archived from
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1628:on July 1, 1998.
1624:. Archived from
1618:
1612:
1611:
1606:. Archived from
1604:"No such tuning"
1600:
1594:
1593:
1588:. Archived from
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1498:on July 29, 2010
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1414:
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1411:
1409:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1336:
1330:
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1309:
1300:
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1292:
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1285:
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1269:
1268:
1257:
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1223:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1139:
1133:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1007:
983:
977:
976:
974:
966:
957:
956:
946:
922:
896:
839:
830:
801:
794:Deuteronomy 4:42
759:
617:Dead Sea Scrolls
511:Rips and Witztum
474:Bachya ben Asher
429:'s rendering of
385:
382:
379:
375:
374:
369:
292:
286:
270:
264:
263:
258:
235:
228:
217:
210:
206:
203:
197:
194:inline citations
170:
169:
162:
155:
148:
144:
141:
135:
133:
92:
68:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2590:
2576:Sacred geometry
2539:
2503:
2453:
2437:
2435:Hidden messages
2432:
2396:, publisher of
2376:
2366:
2349:
2343:
2327:
2312:
2303:
2285:
2279:
2266:
2260:
2247:
2241:
2224:
2218:
2205:
2199:
2184:
2181:
2179:Further reading
2176:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1860:10.1.1.541.1278
1852:
1851:
1847:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1807:"Archived copy"
1805:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1753:
1743:
1725:
1724:
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1710:
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1702:
1698:
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1680:
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1659:
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1633:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1566:. cs.anu.edu.au
1561:
1560:
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1538:
1528:
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1501:
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1430:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1344:www.skepdic.com
1338:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
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1272:
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1254:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1123:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1071:10.1.1.495.9620
1055:
1054:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1021:
985:
984:
980:
972:
968:
967:
960:
924:
923:
919:
915:
894:
891:Shemhamphorasch
855:English Qaballa
837:
828:
821:
782:
770:Robert Haralick
767:
765:Robert Haralick
757:
730:
709:
689:
684:
641:Maya Bar-Hillel
625:
609:
568:Jewish outreach
551:Michael Drosnin
536:
513:
486:Moshe Cordovero
478:Hebrew calendar
467:
462:
439:
383:
380:
377:
358:
336:
312:Michael Drosnin
236:
225:
224:
223:
218:
207:
201:
198:
183:
171:
167:
156:
145:
139:
136:
93:
91:
85:
81:primary sources
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2703:
2701:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2609:
2607:Asemic writing
2604:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2499:Reverse speech
2496:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2387:
2380:The Bible Code
2375:
2374:External links
2372:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2347:
2341:
2325:
2301:
2287:Dunning, Brian
2283:
2277:
2264:
2258:
2245:
2239:
2222:
2216:
2208:The Bible Code
2203:
2197:
2188:The Bible Code
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2148:
2122:
2092:
2078:
2058:
2032:
2018:
1998:
1984:
1964:
1930:
1908:
1883:
1866:
1845:
1797:
1765:
1756:|journal=
1718:
1696:
1683:"Smoke Screen"
1674:
1652:
1640:"Non-response"
1631:
1613:
1595:
1577:
1554:
1536:
1509:
1482:
1449:
1428:
1415:
1389:
1367:
1349:
1331:
1324:
1301:
1287:
1270:
1252:
1232:
1218:
1204:
1172:
1159:
1152:
1134:
1121:
1103:
1085:
1064:(3): 429โ438.
1045:
1019:
978:
958:
937:(2): 150โ173.
916:
914:
911:
910:
909:
903:
897:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
831:
820:
817:
781:
778:
766:
763:
729:
726:
708:
705:
688:
685:
683:
680:
665:
664:
661:
633:Dror Bar-Natan
624:
621:
613:Masoretic Text
608:
605:
556:The Bible Code
535:
532:
512:
509:
482:Pardes Rimonim
466:
463:
461:
458:
438:
435:
357:
354:
340:steganographic
335:
332:
323:The Omega Code
317:The Bible Code
238:
237:
220:
219:
174:
172:
165:
158:
157:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2702:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:Synchronicity
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Steganography
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2365:0-89107-925-4
2361:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2344:
2342:0-688-15463-8
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2278:0-297-84784-8
2274:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2259:0-297-84249-8
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2240:0-670-03210-7
2236:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2219:
2217:0-297-81995-X
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2198:0-684-81079-4
2194:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2062:
2059:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2002:
1999:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1952:
1948:
1947:Sas.upenn.edu
1944:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1919:. Leaderu.com
1918:
1912:
1909:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1782:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1586:"Refutations"
1581:
1578:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1550:
1549:Jewish Action
1546:
1540:
1537:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1358:"Bible Codes"
1353:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1153:0-9740493-9-5
1149:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
979:
971:
965:
963:
959:
954:
950:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
921:
918:
912:
907:
904:
901:
900:Synchronicity
898:
892:
889:
886:
885:Ramsey theory
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
835:
832:
826:
823:
822:
818:
816:
813:
807:
805:
800:
795:
791:
787:
779:
777:
775:
771:
764:
761:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
737:game theorist
734:
733:Robert Aumann
728:Robert Aumann
727:
725:
723:
718:
715:
706:
704:
700:
698:
694:
686:
679:
677:
676:
675:War and Peace
669:
662:
659:
658:
657:
655:
650:
648:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:Brendan McKay
622:
620:
618:
614:
606:
604:
602:
599:formula from
596:
594:
590:
589:Grant Jeffrey
586:
585:Messianic Jew
582:
581:Yakov Rambsel
578:
577:United States
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
557:
553:, whose book
552:
547:
545:
541:
533:
531:
529:
526:
521:
519:
510:
508:
506:
505:Doron Witztum
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
472:
465:Early history
464:
459:
457:
455:
451:
450:
443:
436:
434:
432:
428:
420:
415:
411:
368:
363:
355:
353:
351:
350:
345:
341:
333:
331:
327:
325:
324:
319:
318:
313:
309:
304:
300:
296:
291:
282:
278:
269:
257:
256:
250:
246:
242:
234:
231:
216:
213:
205:
195:
191:
187:
181:
180:
175:This article
173:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: โ
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
83:
82:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2529:
2477:Hidden track
2383:
2353:
2332:
2316:
2294:
2268:
2249:
2228:
2207:
2187:
2165:. Retrieved
2161:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2104:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2068:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:the original
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2008:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1974:
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1946:
1933:
1921:. Retrieved
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1895:
1886:
1869:
1848:
1821:. Retrieved
1814:the original
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1781:the original
1768:
1747:cite journal
1730:
1721:
1709:. Retrieved
1699:
1691:the original
1686:
1677:
1669:the original
1664:
1655:
1643:. Retrieved
1634:
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1521:. aish.com.
1517:H. J. Gans.
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804:Genesis 35:4
799:biveli da'at
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99:"Bible code"
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2556:Hidden text
2487:pregap list
2465:Backmasking
843:Bibliomancy
707:WRR authors
687:Harold Gans
583:, who is a
540:Cryptologic
2680:Bible code
2674:Categories
2649:Simulacrum
2644:Palindrome
2629:Easter egg
2571:Psychorama
2566:Pareidolia
2535:Cryptology
2530:Bible code
2525:Theomatics
2520:Numerology
2515:Chronogram
1622:"Response"
1502:October 6,
1408:October 6,
1382:October 6,
998:(2): 149.
913:References
906:Theomatics
879:Quran code
873:Numerology
790:Yigal Amir
593:pictograms
437:Extensions
295:Torah code
277:Bible code
186:improve it
110:newspapers
77:references
39:improve it
2602:Apophenia
2167:April 26,
2115:April 26,
1896:Big Think
1855:CiteSeerX
1197:April 19,
1066:CiteSeerX
1014:0883-4237
953:0883-4237
867:Isopsephy
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637:Gil Kalai
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190:verifying
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2109:Archived
1951:Archived
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1833:cite web
1570:April 7,
1529:April 7,
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1362:aish.com
1098:Aish.com
1038:July 26,
861:Gematria
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603:theory.
334:Overview
326:(1999).
314:'s book
2622:Anagram
2508:Numeric
2384:BBC Two
1100:. 2011.
695:at the
499:at the
460:History
431:Genesis
419:Genesis
299:encoded
184:Please
124:scholar
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367:dilug
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268:Torah
131:JSTOR
117:books
2482:list
2470:list
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2360:ISBN
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2254:ISBN
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