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upper story. The vestibule was designed to symbolize the beginning of a journey in search of knowledge, the visitors arrives through a space decorated with murals of gardens and forest and passes busts of famous French scholars and scientists. The monumental staircase from the ground floor to the reading room is placed so it doesn't take any space from the reading room. Labrouste also designed building so that a majority of the books (sixty thousand) were in the reading room, easily accessible, with a minority (forty thousand) in the reserves. The iron structure of this reading room—a spine of sixteen slender, cast-iron Ionic columns dividing the space into twin aisles and supporting openwork iron arches that carry barrel vaults of plaster reinforced by iron mesh— is revered by
Modernists for its introduction of high technology into a monumental building.
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between 1928 and 1934. The number of seats in the reading room was doubled to seven hundred fifty. To accomplish this, the seating plan of the reading room was drastically changed; the original plan had long tables which stretched the entire length of the room, divided by a central spine of bookshelves, making the room seem even longer. In the new plan, the central bookshelves were removed and tables crossed the room, increasing the seating but reducing the linear effect. As the collection continued to grow, a new annex in the modernist style was added in 1954. The later computerization of the catalog created space for an additional one hundred seats. The building was classified as a national historic monument in 1992. Today the library is classified as a national library, a university library and a public library.
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592:, the oldest example of its kind, acquired by the library in about 1695, and a variety of terrestrial and celestial globes, as well as objects illustrating cultures around the world, which are on display in the library today. The library also displays a notable collection of eighty-six busts of French scientists, some made by the leading French sculptors of the 17th and 18th centuries, including busts by
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483:. In the same spirit, the library and the Cabinet of Curiosities were opened to the public. The Library was still attached to the Abbey and the University of Paris, but it ceased to be a library of theology only; by the mid-eighteenth century a majority of the works were in other fields of knowledge. While the Abbey still paid part of the cost, the major part was paid by the City of Paris.
624:. He traveled to Rome, following Napoleon's army, and arranged for the transfer to Paris of books confiscated from the papal collections. The library also received collections of books confiscated from nobles who had fled abroad during the Revolution. At the time of the fall of Napoleon, the library had a collection of one hundred ten thousand books and manuscripts.
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inventory include bibles, commentaries and ecclesiastical history; but also books on philosophy, law, science and literature. It was open not only to students, but also to French and foreign scholars. The manuscripts were of considerable value: each manuscript was marked with a warning notice that any person who stole or damaged a manuscript would be punished by
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Between 1851 and 1930, the library's collection grew from one hundred thousand volumes to over a million, requiring a series of reconstructions and modifications. In 1892, a hoist was installed to lift books from the reserves to the reading room; it is now on display. A more serious change was made
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style and the influence of
Florence and Rome, but in other ways it was strikingly original. The base and facade resembled Roman buildings, with simple arched windows and discreet bands of sculpture. The façade, exactly the length of the reading room, and the large windows, expressed the function of
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Unlike earlier buildings, the major decorative element of the building was not on the façade, but in the architecture of the reading room. The slender iron columns and the lace-like cast iron arches under the roof were not concealed; combined with the large windows they gave an immediate impression
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for the creation and copying of texts. The first record of the existence of the Sainte-Genevieve library dates from 831, and mentions the donation of three texts to the Abbey. The texts created or copied included works of history and literature, as well as theology, However, in the course of the 9th
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in 1824, and spent six years studying
Italian classical and Renaissance architecture. He had received few architectural commissions, but in 1838 he received the title of Inspector of Historic Monuments, and in this capacity he began to plan the new building. Since the Lycée wanted the space as soon
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By the early 13th century the university library was already famous throughout Europe. The early holdings of the library from this time are listed in a 13th-century inventory (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS lat. 16203, fol. 71v). The 226 titles and authors included in the 13th century
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The large (278 by 69 feet) two-storied structure filling a wide, shallow site is deceptively simple in plan: the lower floor is occupied by stacks to the left, rare-book storage and office space to the right, with a central vestibule and stairway leading to the reading room which fills the entire
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After the expulsion of the library from its old site, the government decided to build a new building for the collection. It was the first library in Paris to be constructed specifically as a library. The site chosen was close to the old library. It had originally been occupied by the medieval
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The fall of
Napoleon and the restoration of the monarchy brought new problems for the library. The collection of the library had more than doubled in size, and needed more space. However, the library shared the 18th-century building of the old Abbey Sainte-Genevieve with a prestigious school,
584:. named for the neighboring Abbey church, then under construction, which had also been confiscated and renamed. While the collection of books remained intact, the famous cabinet of Curiosities was broken up and some its collection was dispersed to the National Library and
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565:, his reputation as an astronomer and geographer, and his contacts within the new government, the collection was not dispersed, and actually grew, as the library took in the collections confiscated from other Abbeys. The library was granted equal status with the
561:, the status of the Library changed dramatically. In 1790, the Abbey was secularized, and all of its property, including the library, was confiscated, and the community of monks who ran the library was broken up. Due to the diplomatic skills of the director,
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produced his first printed books in the mid-15th century, the library began collecting printed books. The
University of Paris invited several of his collaborators to Paris to begin a new publishing house. The library possesses a text of the
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was employed in the book reserve in 1913, at the time he was enjoying his first public exhibition in New York, and in his notes for his most famous sculpture Large Glass, he recommends that those seeking to understand him "read the
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268:(1081–1151), the influential religious advisor to the King, required the reading aloud of scriptures, and specified that each monastery have a workshop to produce books and place to keep them. From 1108 to 1113, the scholar
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seriously disrupted the activities of the library. In the 16th and 17th century he library ceased to acquire new books and stopped producing catalogs of its holdings. Many manuscripts were dispersed and sold.
241:, who selected the site, across from the original Roman forum. She died in 502 and Clovis died in 511, and the basilica was completed in 520. It held the tombs of Saint Genevieve, Clovis, and his descendants.
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had been students. After the
Revolution that building had been transformed into a hospital and then a military prison, and was largely in ruins. It was to be demolished to make way for the new library.
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was a student at the lycée, and the lycée won. The library was finally expelled from its building. Some features of the old building, including the painted dome, can still be seen within the Lycée.
462:, with Egyptian, Greek and Roman antiquities, medals, rare minerals and stuffed animals, within the library. By 1687 the library possessed twenty thousand books, and four hundred manuscripts.
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Around about 1108, the theology school of the Abbey of Saint
Genevieve, was joined together with the School of Notre Dame Cathedral and the school of the Royal Palace to form the future
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raided Paris three times. While the settlement on the Ile-de-la-Cité was protected by the river, the abbey of Saint-Genevieve was sacked, and the books lost or carried away.
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New
Testament from the Abbey Sainte-Geneviève depicting the entry of Christ into Jerusalem Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève (circa 1525–1530) (Ms. 106 f1r (Entrée à Jérusalem)
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as possible, all the books had been moved in 1842 to a temporary library in the only surviving building of
Montaigu College. His project was confirmed by the
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against
Protestantism. He donated six hundred volumes from his personal collection,. The new library director, Jean Fronteau, asked writers including
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377:, showing the foundation of Rome. (c. 1370) The manuscript belonged to king Charles V of France. Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, Ms. 777, fol. 7r.
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190:. The library contains around 2 million documents, and currently is the principal inter-university library for the different branches of
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Studies of the museums and kindred institutions of New York City, Albany, Buffalo, and Chicago, with notes on some European Institutions
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By the 9th century, the basilica had been transformed into an Abbey church, and a large monastery had grown up around it, including a
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632:. The two institutions battled for space between 1812 and 1842. Though the library was supported by famous writers, including
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458:. He was succeeded by Claude Du Mollinet, librarian from 1673 until 1687. Du Mollinet founded a famous small museum, the
1001:, where the title character and Isabelle go to find more information about a film which Hugo did not remember its name (
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in 1843, and a budget voted. The building was completed in December 1850. and opened to the public on 4 February 1851.
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260:(1108–1137) the Abbey had a particularly important role in European scholarship. The doctrines originally taught by
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originally known as the central school of the Panthéon, then as the Lycée Napoleon, and then and today as the
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Zanten, David Van. Designing Paris: the Architecture of Duban, Labrouste, Duc, and Vaudoyer. MIT Press, 1987.
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in the Rue de Richelieu, Paris, built between 1862 and 1868. Later in the century, the American architect
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the building. The primary decorative element of the façade is a list of names of famous scholars.
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used the Sainte-Geneviève Library building as the model his design of the main building of the
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taught at the Abbey school, challenging many aspects of traditional theology and philosophy.
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In 1796, the name of the library was changed; it became the National Library of the
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During the late 18th century, the library acquired copies of the major works of the
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Labrouste went on to design the Salle Labrouste, the main reading room in the old
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The library was brought back to life beginning in 1619, during the reign of
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The library's interior was used as the Film Academy Library for scenes of
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The library continued to flourish in the early 19th century, under the
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Peyré, Yves, La bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève À travers les siècles
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The celestial globe, from the cabinet of curiosities (17th century)
884:. It also appears as a setting in works of fiction, including in
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supporting the roof, was built between 1838 and 1851 by architect
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1007:), later both finding out to their surprise that its creator is
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The new library showed the influence of the prevailing academic
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of space and lightness. It was a major step in the creation of
155:, located at 10, place du Panthéon, across the square from the
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section on perspective in the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève."
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The library was gradually reassembled. During the reign of
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Buildings and structures in the 5th arrondissement of Paris
182:. A new reading room for the library, with an innovative
1281:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 594ff
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Notable users of the library included the paleontologist
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published in 1499, with engravings after the drawings of
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two million documents, including 18,300 periodical titles
620:. After the death of Pingré the library was directed by
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https://archive.org/details/bibliothequesaintegenevieve
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Ground floor plan (entry hall in center and a reserves)
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La bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève À travers les siècles
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First page of The Book of Genesis, Bible of Manerius (
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baton from Cabinet of Curiosities (17th–18th century)
33:
Sorbonne Nouvelle University Sainte-Geneviève Library
442:. He saw the library as an important weapon of the
357:, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, Ms. 782, folio 280)
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Henri Labrouste et la bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
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430:Reading room of the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
329:Illuminated manuscript of the Coronation of King
753:in Paris, and the Margaret Carnegie Libarary at
1428:Henri Labrouste – Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
1263:Architecture: from Prehistory to Post-Modernism
1212:, Annie Le Saux, BBF 2002 – Paris, t. 47, n° 2
1232:"Henri Labrouste: Structure Brought to Light"
8:
229:. It was located near the present church of
1330:Salt seller; the writings of Marcel Duchamp
170:, which was founded in the 6th century by
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677:The architect chosen for the project was
1261:Marvin Trachtenberg and Isabelle Hyman,
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855:Later years – expansion and modification
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916:was a user of the library. The artist
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681:. Born in 1801, he had studied at the
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541:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
337:Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève,Ms. 782)
1333:. New York: Oxford University Press.
221:is said to have been founded by King
166:It is based on the collection of the
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1495:Library buildings completed in 1850
450:, and famous librarians including
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719:Bibliothèque Nationale de France
553:The Revolution and its aftermath
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395:15th Century to the 18th century
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369:Illumination in a manuscript of
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1369:(in French). Paris: Gallimard.
940:Charles Kohler ( ? – 1917)
929:Directors and principal keepers
761:, also a former student of the
749:, also a former student of the
1275:Meyer, Adolf Bernhard (1905).
949:Paul Roux-Fouillet (1977–1987)
837:Hall and reading room section)
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952:Geneviève Boisard (1987–1997)
622:Pierre Claude Francois Daunou
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136:Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
18:Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
998:The Invention of Hugo Cabret
955:Nathalie Jullian (1997–2006)
355:Grandes Chroniques de France
335:Grandes Chroniques de France
196:Sorbonne Nouvelle University
80:Sorbonne Nouvelle University
1434:, Standard YouTube License)
912:. The Portuguese novelist
757:in California, designed by
161:5th arrondissement of Paris
150:liberal arts and humanities
69:5th arrondissement of Paris
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964:François Michaud (2015 – )
874:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
825:Original reading room plan
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1234:. moma.org. 10 March 2013
935:Jean Baptiste LeChevalier
586:Museum of Natural History
440:Francois de Rochefoucauld
407:Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
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46:
37:
1327:Duchamp, Marcel (1973).
1011:, Isabelle's godfather.
801:The reading room in 1859
743:University of California
467:Age of the Enlightenment
132:Sainte-Geneviève Library
1317:Peyré (2011), pp. 90–91
1179:Peyré (2011), pg. 52–55
1167:Peyré (2011), pg. 44–50
1149:Peyré (2011) pp. 32–33.
1137:Peyré (2011) pp. 30–31.
1119:Peyré (2011) pp. 24–25.
539:Bust of the naturalist
481:Jean le Rond d'Alembert
1490:Cast-iron architecture
1252:Peyré (2011), p. 70-71
1221:Peyré (2011), p. 62-66
1128:Peyré (2011) pp. 28–29
1058:www.bsg.univ-paris3.fr
1033:www.bsg.univ-paris3.fr
648:The Labrouste building
608:The early 19th century
460:Cabinet of Curiosities
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286:
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1456:48.847083°N 2.34583°E
1401:. Boston, Mass. 1852.
979:Academy Award-winning
910:Guillaume Apollinaire
887:Les Illusions Perdues
727:Boston Public Library
429:
285:
231:Saint-Étienne-du-Mont
219:Abbey of St Genevieve
208:Abbey of St Genevieve
168:Abbey of St Genevieve
1365:Peyré, Yves (2011).
1158:Peyré (2011), pg. 44
1110:Peyré (2011), pg. 18
1101:Peyré (2011), pg. 16
1089:Peyré (2011), pg. 14
908:and the writings of
763:Ecole des Beaux Arts
751:Ecole des Beaux-Arts
731:Low Memorial Library
723:Charles Follen McKim
683:Ecole des Beaux-Arts
213:The Monastic library
78:Academic library of
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1395:Gleason's Pictorial
1308:Peyré (2011), p. 80
1299:Peyré (2011), p. 78
1188:Peyré (2011), p. 58
894:, in the novels of
789:Reading room in use
735:Columbia University
708:modern architecture
692:Chamber of Deputies
655:Collége de Montaigu
640:, the son of King
598:Jean-Antoine Houdon
545:Jean-Antoine Houdon
444:Counter-Reformation
277:University of Paris
192:University of Paris
1480:Libraries in Paris
1461:48.847083; 2.34583
1004:A Trip to the Moon
969:In popular culture
896:Simone de Beauvoir
663:Ignatius of Loyola
618:Empire of Napoleon
590:astronomical clock
497:Astronomical Clock
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349:The birth of King
331:Louis IV of France
317:), (BSG Ms.8 f7)
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264:, and promoted by
258:Louis VI of France
174:, the King of the
140:university library
1376:978-2-07-013241-6
747:John Galen Howard
737:in New York, the
685:where he won the
671:François Rabelais
602:François Girardon
559:French Revolution
298:from the church.
180:French Revolution
144:Sorbonne-Nouvelle
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107:Other information
65:Place du Panthéon
16:(Redirected from
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594:Antoine Coysevox
571:Mazarine Library
567:National Library
563:Alexandre Pingré
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448:Pierre Corneille
420:Wars of Religion
416:Giovanni Bellini
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638:Jules Michelet
630:Lycée Henri IV
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121:.univ-paris3
1459: /
1360:Books cited
1038:17 February
987:, based on
961:(2006–2015)
946:(1917–1922)
937:(1806–1836)
906:James Joyce
882:Victor Hugo
739:Doe Library
667:John Calvin
634:Victor Hugo
523:Ceremonial
315: 1185
246:scriptorium
86:Established
1474:Categories
1015:References
959:Yves Peyré
699:beaux-arts
436:Louis XIII
184:iron frame
153:university
94:Collection
1447:2°20′45″E
1432:In French
1417:in French
1054:"Accueil"
1029:"Accueil"
456:Jansenist
401:Gutenberg
239:Genevieve
159:, in the
134:(French:
1238:23 March
981:3D film
657:, where
582:Panthéon
292:anathema
235:Panthéon
227:Clotilde
223:Clovis I
172:Clovis I
157:Panthéon
60:Location
1265:, p 478
1063:27 July
901:Ulysses
741:of the
659:Erasmus
251:Vikings
202:History
142:of the
138:) is a
112:Website
1373:
1349:754709
1347:
1337:
1285:5 July
923:entire
880:, and
849:Façade
600:, and
525:Arawak
176:Franks
147:public
898:, in
294:, or
266:Suger
1371:ISBN
1345:OCLC
1335:ISBN
1287:2014
1240:2013
1065:2023
1040:2023
984:Hugo
904:by
669:and
661:and
636:and
573:and
495:The
479:and
414:and
371:Livy
217:The
119:.bsg
89:1838
75:Type
63:10,
991:'s
977:'s
890:of
733:at
710:.,
543:by
475:of
123:.fr
117:www
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1193:^
1172:^
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279:.
20:)
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