Knowledge

Big Four (Indian snakes)

Source 📝

146: 181: 193: 163: 95: 112: 129: 173:
According to a 2020 study that did a comprehensive analysis of snake bites in India, Russell's viper accounted for 43% of the snakebites in India, followed by kraits (18%), cobras (12%), hump nose viper (4%), saw-scaled viper (1.7%), and water snake (0.3%). The rest (21%) were of unidentified
180: 145: 290:
Suraweera, Wilson; Warrell, David; Whitaker, Romulus; Menon, Geetha; Rodrigues, Rashmi; Fu, Sze Hang; Begum, Rehana; Sati, Prabha; Piyasena, Kapila; Bhatia, Mehak; Brown, Patrick (2020-07-07).
192: 370: 162: 94: 274: 212:
that effectively neutralizes the venom of the Big Four is widely available in India, and is frequently administered to save lives.
111: 231:"Green medicine as a harmonizing tool to antivenom therapy for the clinical management of snakebite: The road ahead" 365: 20: 360: 292:"Trends in snakebite deaths in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study" 128: 35: 118: 54: 331: 313: 270: 252: 321: 303: 242: 355: 209: 152: 101: 81: 326: 291: 247: 230: 27: 349: 72: 63: 30:
species responsible for causing the greatest number of medically significant human
31: 317: 135: 43: 335: 256: 308: 39: 269:
Whitaker Z. 1990. Snakeman. Penguin Books Ltd. 192 pp.
46:) are sometimes collectively referred to as the 8: 325: 307: 246: 186:Seasonality of snakebite deaths in India 285: 283: 221: 176: 90: 371:Animal attacks by geographic location 7: 14: 198:Snakebite death rates by altitude 191: 179: 161: 144: 127: 110: 93: 16:Group of venomous Indian snakes 168:Snakebites by species in India 1: 229:Mukherjee, Ashis K. (2012). 387: 18: 82:Indian saw-scaled viper 50:. They are as follows: 156:, the saw-scaled viper 139:, the Indian cobra 19:For other uses, see 309:10.7554/eLife.54076 36:Indian subcontinent 122:, the common krait 119:Bungarus caeruleus 68:Bungarus caeruleus 366:Reptiles of India 105:, Russell's viper 378: 340: 339: 329: 311: 287: 278: 267: 261: 260: 250: 235:Indian J Med Res 226: 210:polyvalent serum 195: 183: 165: 148: 131: 114: 97: 386: 385: 381: 380: 379: 377: 376: 375: 361:Venomous snakes 346: 345: 344: 343: 289: 288: 281: 268: 264: 228: 227: 223: 218: 206: 199: 196: 187: 184: 169: 166: 157: 153:Echis carinatus 149: 140: 132: 123: 115: 106: 102:Daboia russelii 98: 86:Echis carinatus 59:Daboia russelii 55:Russell's viper 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 384: 382: 374: 373: 368: 363: 358: 348: 347: 342: 341: 279: 262: 220: 219: 217: 214: 205: 202: 201: 200: 197: 190: 188: 185: 178: 171: 170: 167: 160: 158: 150: 143: 141: 133: 126: 124: 116: 109: 107: 99: 92: 89: 88: 79: 70: 61: 28:venomous snake 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 383: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 353: 351: 337: 333: 328: 323: 319: 315: 310: 305: 301: 297: 293: 286: 284: 280: 276: 275:0-14-014308-4 272: 266: 263: 258: 254: 249: 244: 240: 236: 232: 225: 222: 215: 213: 211: 203: 194: 189: 182: 177: 175: 164: 159: 155: 154: 147: 142: 138: 137: 130: 125: 121: 120: 113: 108: 104: 103: 96: 91: 87: 83: 80: 78: 74: 71: 69: 65: 62: 60: 56: 53: 52: 51: 49: 45: 41: 37: 34:cases on the 33: 29: 22: 299: 295: 265: 241:(1): 10–12. 238: 234: 224: 207: 172: 151: 134: 117: 100: 85: 76: 73:Indian cobra 67: 64:Common krait 58: 47: 38:(majorly in 25: 350:Categories 302:: e54076. 216:References 32:snake bite 318:2050-084X 204:Treatment 174:species. 136:Naja naja 77:Naja naja 44:Sri Lanka 26:The four 336:32633232 257:22885258 48:Big Four 21:Big Four 327:7340498 248:3461710 356:Snakes 334:  324:  316:  273:  255:  245:  296:eLife 40:India 332:PMID 314:ISSN 271:ISBN 253:PMID 42:and 322:PMC 304:doi 243:PMC 239:136 352:: 330:. 320:. 312:. 298:. 294:. 282:^ 251:. 237:. 233:. 208:A 84:, 75:, 66:, 57:, 338:. 306:: 300:9 277:. 259:. 23:.

Index

Big Four
venomous snake
snake bite
Indian subcontinent
India
Sri Lanka
Russell's viper
Common krait
Indian cobra
Indian saw-scaled viper
Daboia russelii, Russell's viper
Daboia russelii
Bungarus caeruleus, the common krait
Bungarus caeruleus
Naja naja, the Indian cobra
Naja naja
Echis carinatus, the saw-scaled viper
Echis carinatus
Snakebites by species in India
Seasonality of snakebite deaths in India
Snakebite death rates by altitude
polyvalent serum
"Green medicine as a harmonizing tool to antivenom therapy for the clinical management of snakebite: The road ahead"
PMC
3461710
PMID
22885258
ISBN
0-14-014308-4

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.