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in
Northern Italy during the 4th century and it was carried into Transylvania as a loot by Gothic warriors or by trading. It is the most possible that the find from Biertan is a result of plundering in Illyricum or Pannonia or in the Balkans anytime between the fourth and the sixth century and this
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Most
Transylvanian Early Christian finds are uncertain concerning their contexts, dates and interpretations. Among the finds mentioned are a gem lost before 1848 with Good Shepherd and Jonah depictions, found at Torda; a Good Shepherd gem, from an unknown Transylvanian site (at Hungarian National
129:
Originally it was intended to be hung from a candelabrum but the perforations made later indicate it was reused and attached to a coffer for storing vessels or other goods. According to this opinion, even its usage for
Christian purposes should be questioned in the territory of Transylvania.
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There are several theories on the origins of this artifact. According to the supporters of the Daco-Romanian continuity theory, this donarium was made by the survivor
Romanized, Latin-speaking Christian population of
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Museum), a fake-suspicious inscribed vessel fragment with staurogram, from
Porolissum; two cross-displayers, probably from Gyulafehérvår (Alba-Iulia).
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It was found in 1775 in the
Chinedru forest, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of Biertan and it was part of the collections of Baron
194:
Sorin CociĆ (Ed.), ArchĂ€ologische BeitrĂ€ge. Gedenkschrift zum
Hundertsten Geburtstag von Kurt Horedt, Editura Mega, Cluj-Napoca, 2014
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They emphasize that there were no Roman settlements or
Christian churches near to Biertan. According to them this object was made in
101:. This artifact is used as an important witness to the continuity of the use of Latin in this area. This opinion is supported by the
337:
264:
263:
Madgearu, Alexandru (2021). "Post-Imperial Dacia and the RomanâByzantine provinces of the Lower Danube (fourthâseventh century)".
444:
380:
Methodological
Introduction to the Pannonian Early Christian Church History through the Last Fifty Years of Pannonia (374-456)
399:
329:
Locuirea Ăźn
Transilvania din ultimele decenii ale provinciei Dacia Ći pĂąnÄ la prÄbuĆirea "imperiului" hunic (250â450)
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Those historians who are skeptical about this object point to the dubious circumstances of this finding.
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The object could have also belonged to a captured Roman(?), escaped or kidnapped from Pannonia (?)
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Cultural Encounters on Byzantium's Northern Frontier, c. AD 500â700 Coins, Artifacts and History
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196:. 7. Das spÀtantike Donarium von BirthÀlm (Biertan) im Kontext der römischen Religion.
35:
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252:(in German). Bucharest: Institutul de Arheologie "Vasile PĂąrvan". p. 343.
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19:
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The book offers details about most supposed early Christian finds in Romania
307:"Biertan. Ein Zeugnis heidnischer Opfersitten im nachrömischen SiebenbĂŒrgen"
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66:, which can be approximately translated as "I, Zenovius, offered this
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315:(in German). Bucharest: Editura Academiei RomĂąne. pp. 389â397.
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355:"ĂttörĂ©s a romĂĄniai rĂ©gĂ©szetben (Vlad Andrei LÄzÄrescu könyvĂ©rĆl)"
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55:
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332:. Cluj-Napoca: Academia RomĂąnÄ, Centrul de Studii Transilvane.
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Gandila, Andrei (2018). "Christianity North of the Danube".
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Archeological Treasures of Romania - Dacian and Roman Roots
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Dacia - Revue d'archéologie et d'histoire ancienne, 40-42
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artifact was reused as a pagan object by its new owners.
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Istoria romĂąnilor din cele mai vechi timpuri Èi pĂźnÄ azi
272:. Spain: Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. p. 346.
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Dacia - Revue d'archéologie et d'histoire ancienne, 23
16:
4th-century Christian votive object found in Romania
217:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 108â109.
188:(2014). CociĆ, Sorin; UrsuĆŁiu, Adrian (eds.).
77:, nowadays being part of the exhibits of the
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293:Revista Cumidava Muzeul Istorie Brasov, 1967
149:, Editura Albatros, BucureÈti, 1971, p. 155.
190:"Patrimonium Archaeologicum Transylvanicum"
60:
145:Constantin C. Giurescu, Dinu C. Giurescu,
246:Horedt, Kurt (1979). "Kleine BeitrÀge".
138:
50:. Made out of bronze in the shape of a
450:Archaeological discoveries in Romania
112:) is oriental, not Dacian or Roman.
7:
383:. PĂ©csi TudomĂĄnyegyetem. p. 20.
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435:1770s archaeological discoveries
405:Romania in the Early Middle Ages
326:LÄzÄrescu, Vlad-Andrei (2015).
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440:Latin inscriptions in Romania
430:1775 in the Habsburg monarchy
166:(in Romanian). pp. 30â31
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353:GĂĄll, Erwin (March 2017).
305:Fiedler, Uwe (1996â1998).
79:Brukenthal National Museum
377:HudĂĄk, Krisztina (2019).
223:10.1017/9781108470421.004
62:EGO ZENOVIVS VOTVM POSVI
445:Culture of Transylvania
38:found near the town of
108:The donor's name (see
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400:4th-century artifacts
75:Samuel von Brukenthal
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200:: Editura Mega: 243.
160:Barnea, Ion (1979).
134:Notes and references
31:is a fourth-century
163:Arta Crestina Vol I
93:according to this
89:(the ancestors of
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198:Cluj-Napoca
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394:Categories
364:. 2017/03.
170:7 December
362:KommentĂĄr
91:Romanians
33:Christian
120:Aquileia
110:Zenobius
52:Labarum
48:Romania
40:Biertan
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358:(PDF)
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56:Latin
42:, in
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27:The
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