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nitrocellulose paper to apply pressure. The alkaline solution is drawn upwards towards the paper towel. During this process, the DNA denatures in the alkaline solution and is carried upwards to the nitrocellulose paper. The paper is then placed into a plastic bag and filled with a solution full of the DNA fragments, called the probe, found in the desired sample of DNA. The probes anneal to the complementary DNA of the bands already found on the nitrocellulose sample. Afterwards, probes are washed off and the only ones present are the ones that have annealed to complementary DNA on the paper. Next the paper is stuck onto an x ray film. The radioactivity of the probes creates black bands on the film, called an autoradiograph. As a result, only similar patterns of DNA to that of the probe are present on the film. This allows us the compare similar DNA sequences of multiple DNA samples. The overall process results in a precise reading of similarities in both similar and different DNA sample.
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Biochemistry is the science of the chemical processes which takes place within living organisms. Living organisms need essential elements to survive, among which are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus. These elements make up the four macromolecules that living organisms need
308:
system which collectively represents reality. While biomedicine is traditionally thought to have no bias due to the evidence-based practices, Gaines & Davis-Floyd (2004) highlight that biomedicine itself has a cultural basis and this is because biomedicine reflects the norms and values of its
584:
are a key component of DNA, the main genetic information-storing substance, found oftentimes in the cell nucleus, and controls the metabolic processes of the cell. DNA consists of two complementary antiparallel strands consisting of varying patterns of nucleotides. RNA is a single strand of DNA,
362:
is a process performed after gel electrophoresis. An alkaline solution is prepared in a container. A sponge is placed into the solution and an agarose gel is placed on top of the sponge. Next, nitrocellulose paper is placed on top of the agarose gel and a paper towels are added on top of the
349:
is a technique used to identify similar DNA between two unknown samples of DNA. This process is done by first preparing an agarose gel. This jelly-like sheet will have wells for DNA to be poured into. An electric current is applied so that the DNA, which is negatively charged due to its
595:
354:
groups is attracted to the positive electrode. Different rows of DNA will move at different speeds because some DNA pieces are larger than others. Thus if two DNA samples show a similar pattern on the gel electrophoresis, one can tell that these DNA samples match.
323:
Molecular biology is the process of synthesis and regulation of a cell's DNA, RNA, and protein. Molecular biology consists of different techniques including
Polymerase chain reaction, Gel electrophoresis, and macromolecule blotting to manipulate DNA.
515:
are chains of amino acids that function, among other things, to contract skeletal muscle, as catalysts, as transport molecules, and as storage molecules. Protein catalysts can facilitate biochemical processes by lowering the
342:
into a machine. The machine heats up and cools down at various temperatures to break the hydrogen bonds binding the DNA and allows the nucleotide bases to be added onto the two DNA templates after it has been separated.
300:
Depending on the severity of the disease, biomedicine pinpoints a problem within a patient and fixes the problem through medical intervention. Medicine focuses on curing diseases rather than improving one's health.
1276:
Fahy, Eoin; Subramaniam, Shankar; Murphy, Robert C.; Nishijima, Masahiro; Raetz, Christian R. H.; Shimizu, Takao; Spener, Friedrich; van Meer, Gerrit; Wakelam, Michael J. O.; Dennis, Edward A. (April 2009).
66:. Biomedicine stresses standardized, evidence-based treatment validated through biological research, with treatment administered via formally trained doctors, nurses, and other such licensed practitioners.
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In social sciences biomedicine is described somewhat differently. Through an anthropological lens biomedicine extends beyond the realm of biology and scientific facts; it is a
578:
do. Lipids can also be used as insulation. Moreover, lipids can be used in hormone production to maintain a healthy hormonal balance and provide structure to cell membranes.
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subunits). Their primary purpose is to store energy over the long term. Due to their unique structure, lipids provide more than twice the amount of energy that
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2017:
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2007:
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Master A, Wójcicka A, Piekiełko-Witkowska A, Bogusławska J, Popławski P, Tański Z, Darras VM, Williams GR, Nauman A (2010).
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which is transcribed from DNA and used for DNA translation, which is the process for making proteins out of RNA sequences.
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1987:
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950:"Untranslated regions of thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 mRNA are impaired in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma"
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692:"The Era of Biomedicine: Science, Medicine, and Public Health in Britain and France after the Second World War"
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384:, made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, are energy-storing molecules. The simplest carbohydrate is
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with the particular point of view of devising new technologies for prediction, diagnosis and therapy.
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level. These processes are studied with the particular point of view of devising new strategies for
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List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms
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38:
27:
Branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice
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Winston, R. M.; Handyside, A. H. (14 May 1993). "New challenges in human in vitro fertilization".
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Williams, David A.; Baum, Christopher (17 October 2003). "Gene
Therapy--New Challenges Ahead".
603: – interdisciplinary science that stands at the junction of cardiology and medical physics
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526:, also known as fats, are small molecules derived from biochemical subunits from either the
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Ed. Carol R. Ember and Melvin Embber. Springer
Science and Business Media (2004). 95-109.
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624: – Application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine or healthcare
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of a reaction. Hemoglobins are also proteins, carrying oxygen to an organism's cells.
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1265:– via U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information.
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disciplines and areas of specialty that typically contain the "bio-" prefix such as
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and biological related fields. It has been the dominant system of medicine in the
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1251:"Carbohydrates, proteins, cell surfaces, and the biochemistry of pathogenesis"
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Monoclonal
Antibodies to Migraine: Witnesses to Modern Biomediceine, An A-Z.
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200:. It concerns a wide range of scientific and technological approaches: from
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978:
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1279:"Update of the LIPID MAPS comprehensive classification system for lipids"
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612: – Identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon
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into large-scale structural and functional relationships of the human
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630: – Project to catalogue genetic mutations responsible for cancer
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758:"Do biomedical models of illness make for good healthcare systems?"
219:, from the understanding of molecular interactions to the study of
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to survive: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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807:"The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine"
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1121:
Gaines, Atwood D., and Davis-Floyd, Robbie. "Biomedicine." In
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213:
2717:
List of largest biomedical companies by market capitalization
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Health, Center for
Devices and Radiological (2019-10-25).
740:"Medicine's Paradigm Shift: An Opportunity for Psychology"
992:
690:
Quirke, Viviane; Gaudillière, Jean-Paul (October 2008).
69:
Biomedicine also can relate to many other categories in
62:
that applies biological and physiological principles to
654: – Wholistic physiological dynamics of an organism
1054:"University of Würzburg Graduate Schools: Biomedicine"
638:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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854:Lloyd, Hilary, Helen Hancock, and Steven Campbell.
421:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1085:Queen Mary University, University of London, 2014.
641:Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
505:, is used in cellular respiration to produce ATP,
648: – International scientific research project
330:is done by placing a mixture of the desired DNA,
634:The Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine
2182:
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8:
534:groups. Creating eight distinct categories:
856:Vital Notes for Nurses: Principles of Care.
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1642:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
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1346:
1338:
1255:Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol.; (United States)
1101:. California Digital Library. p. 84.
858:Oxford: Blackwell Publishing (2007). 6. is
1983:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
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1294:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
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481:Learn how and when to remove this message
192:Biomedicine is the cornerstone of modern
176:, and many others that generally concern
2222:Competitions and prizes in biotechnology
285:to the study of the consequences at the
665:
676:." NCI Dictionary of Cancer Medicine.
618: – Scientific branch of chemistry
281:. Approaches range from understanding
238:and combines all issues of developing
1123:Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology.
7:
2742:
2121:
1882:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
1081:Jones, E. M. and E. M. Tansey, eds.
509:, which supplies cells with energy.
419:adding citations to reliable sources
30:For the pharmaceutical company, see
2131:
265:Biomedicine involves the study of (
208:, from the molecular mechanisms of
2018:Medical Scientist Training Program
1228:. University of California Press.
212:to the population dynamics of the
25:
1136:"Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)"
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2150:
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2130:
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1058:graduateschools.uni-wuerzburg.de
820:(4286 (Apr. 8, 1977)): 129–136.
395:
2707:Index of biotechnology articles
2151:
406:needs additional citations for
2712:List of biotechnology articles
2008:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1442:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
1201:: 1149 – via CAB Direct.
570:(derived from condensation of
558:(derived from condensation of
225:single-nucleotide polymorphism
1:
2556:Genetically modified organism
2323:Biotechnology industrial park
768:(9 December 2004): 1398–401.
756:Wade DT, Halligan PW (2004).
1988:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
1755:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
1191:"Principles of biochemistry"
1158:www.geneticseducation.nhs.uk
1060:. 2011-10-14. Archived from
970:10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.025
273:processes with methods from
2546:Environmental biotechnology
993:"Home - Molecular Medicine"
887:In vitro Diagnostics – EDMA
2801:
1296:10.1194/jlr.R800095-JLR200
1249:Peter, Albersheim (1975).
1195:Principles of Biochemistry
892:November 11, 2013, at the
738:Johnson, Suzanne Bennett.
652:The Human Physiome Project
370:
316:
36:
29:
2725:
2228:
2217:Timeline of biotechnology
2106:
1283:Journal of Lipid Research
774:10.1136/bmj.329.7479.1398
744:APA Monitor on Psychology
708:10.1017/s002572730000017x
678:National Cancer Institute
328:Polymerase chain reaction
77:for more than a century.
2573:Microbial biodegradation
2252:Industrial biotechnology
2212:History of biotechnology
1942:Transplantation medicine
1833:Clinical neurophysiology
1750:Obstetric anesthesiology
1670:Interventional radiology
1430:Digestive system surgery
805:George L. Engel (1977).
646:The Human Genome Project
234:Biomedicine is based on
2247:Colors of biotechnology
1813:Intensive care medicine
1787:Mass gathering medicine
1632:Maternal–fetal medicine
1189:White, Abraham (1959).
1172:"MedlinePlus: Genetics"
1024:10.1126/science.1091258
927:10.1126/science.8493531
628:The Cancer Genome Atlas
2641:Biomedical engineering
2348:Pharmaceutical company
2328:Biotechnology products
1405:Cardiothoracic surgery
1257:. Journal Volume: 26.
1098:Under the Medical Gaze
870:"In Vitro Diagnostics"
834:10.1126/science.847460
507:adenosine triphosphate
283:molecular interactions
206:in vitro fertilisation
198:laboratory diagnostics
110:biological engineering
32:BioMedicines (company)
2056:Personalized medicine
1915:Reproductive medicine
1840:Occupational medicine
1794:Evolutionary medicine
746:43.8 (September 2012)
56:conventional medicine
46:(also referred to as
2666:Chemical engineering
2529:Reproductive cloning
2393:Hybridoma technology
2343:Human Genome Project
2076:Traditional medicine
2036:Alternative medicine
1903:Addiction psychiatry
1717:Transfusion medicine
1712:Medical microbiology
1627:Gynecologic oncology
1479:Reproductive surgery
1140:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
957:Biochim Biophys Acta
544:glycerophospholipids
415:improve this article
202:in vitro diagnostics
2780:Veterinary medicine
2775:Branches of biology
2551:Genetic engineering
2534:Therapeutic cloning
2514:Bionic architecture
2494:Animal cell culture
2261:Biological concepts
2098:History of medicine
2081:Veterinary medicine
1888:Preventive medicine
1740:Adolescent medicine
1582:Infectious diseases
1154:"Account Suspended"
1095:Greenhalgh, Susan.
919:1993Sci...260..932W
826:1977Sci...196..129E
616:Medicinal chemistry
347:Gel electrophoresis
52:mainstream medicine
39:Biomedical sciences
2607:Interdisciplinary
2561:Molecular genetics
2307:Selective breeding
2046:Molecular oncology
2003:Doctor of Medicine
1993:Master of Medicine
1910:Radiation oncology
1782:Emergency medicine
1735:Addiction medicine
1702:Clinical chemistry
1697:Clinical pathology
1489:Transplant surgery
1447:Orthopedic surgery
1425:Colorectal surgery
1220:Schopf, J. William
997:Molecular Medicine
240:molecular medicine
2757:
2756:
2686:Nanobiotechnology
2681:Molecular biology
2482:
2481:
2333:Biotechnology law
2164:
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1998:Master of Surgery
1962:
1961:
1947:Tropical medicine
1893:Prison healthcare
1808:Hospital medicine
1772:Disaster medicine
1762:Aviation medicine
1577:Hospital medicine
1484:Surgical oncology
1469:Pediatric surgery
1463:
1410:Endocrine surgery
1289:(Suppl): S9–S14.
1235:978-0-520-23391-1
1108:978-1-59734-971-0
1018:(5644): 400–401.
913:(5110): 932–936.
518:activation energy
491:
490:
483:
465:
319:Molecular biology
313:Molecular biology
236:molecular biology
106:nanobiotechnology
86:molecular biology
80:It includes many
64:clinical practice
58:) is a branch of
16:(Redirected from
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2583:Pharmacogenomics
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2357:Basic techniques
2338:Green Revolution
2316:General concepts
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1818:Medical genetics
1803:General practice
1680:Nuclear medicine
1555:Gastroenterology
1511:Vascular surgery
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48:Western medicine
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2444:Kidney dialysis
2434:Crystallization
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2091:Chief physician
2024:
1969:
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1952:Travel medicine
1937:Sports medicine
1920:Sexual medicine
1860:Palliative care
1855:Pain management
1799:Family medicine
1777:Diving medicine
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1420:General surgery
1400:Cardiac surgery
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2598:Tissue culture
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2504:Bioinformatics
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432: –
431:
430:"Biomedicine"
427:
426:Find sources:
420:
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404:This article
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382:Carbohydrates
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94:biotechnology
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40:
33:
19:
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2734:
2671:Microbiology
2656:Biochemicals
2645:
2568:Gene therapy
2509:Biosynthesis
2487:Applications
2408:Spectroscopy
2378:Cell culture
2287:Fermentation
2066:Rural health
2051:Nanomedicine
1602:Rheumatology
1533: /
1452:Hand surgery
1437:Neurosurgery
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1066:. Retrieved
1062:the original
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425:
413:Please help
408:verification
405:
380:
376:
373:Biochemistry
367:Biochemistry
357:
345:
326:
322:
303:
299:
264:
233:
229:gene therapy
191:
158:parasitology
146:microbiology
142:neuroscience
126:gene therapy
118:cytogenetics
98:cell biology
90:biochemistry
81:
79:
68:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:
18:Biomedicines
2770:Biomedicine
2661:Biorobotics
2651:Biomimetics
2646:Biomedicine
2136:Wikiproject
1925:Venereology
1870:Neonatology
1767:Dermatology
1622:Gynaecology
1614:gynaecology
1597:Pulmonology
1415:Eye surgery
1377:Specialties
874:www.fda.gov
674:Biomedicine
556:polyketides
536:fatty acids
194:health care
44:Biomedicine
2764:Categories
2616:Bioeconomy
2588:Stem cells
2541:Embryology
2464:Filtration
2454:Extraction
2373:Bioreactor
1898:Psychiatry
1884:(PM&R)
1877:Phlebology
1865:Pediatrics
1692:Anatomical
1657:Diagnostic
1637:Obstetrics
1587:Nephrology
1572:Hematology
1567:Geriatrics
1560:Hepatology
1545:Cardiology
1535:Immunology
1068:2012-10-20
660:References
441:newspapers
309:creators.
279:physiology
260:metabolome
174:toxicology
162:physiology
154:immunology
102:embryology
82:biomedical
37:See also:
2459:Fed Batch
2359:and tools
2086:Physician
1970:education
1828:Neurology
1823:Narcology
1687:Pathology
1665:Radiology
1540:Angiology
1504:Andrology
1305:0022-2275
610:Diagnosis
352:phosphate
291:diagnosis
227:(SNP) to
223:, from a
166:pathology
2736:Category
2691:Virology
2593:Telomere
2240:Branches
2116:Category
1592:Oncology
1523:medicine
1521:Internal
1369:Medicine
1323:19098281
1040:74662356
1032:14563994
979:20691260
890:Archived
792:15591570
726:18958248
589:See also
572:isoprene
560:ketoacyl
532:isoprene
528:ketoacyl
513:Proteins
471:May 2020
360:blotting
256:physiome
252:proteome
188:Overview
182:medicine
150:virology
122:genetics
2748:Commons
2631:Biology
2524:Cloning
2302:Protein
2297:Plasmid
2205:History
2156:Outline
2126:Commons
2071:Therapy
1968:Medical
1531:Allergy
1499:Urology
1392:Surgery
1314:2674711
1263:7362356
1012:Science
935:8493531
915:Bibcode
907:Science
822:Bibcode
814:Science
717:2570449
455:scholar
386:glucose
336:primers
295:therapy
287:in vivo
275:biology
170:anatomy
2676:Mining
2609:fields
2268:Allele
2146:Portal
2013:MD–PhD
1321:
1311:
1303:
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1232:
1105:
1038:
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783:535463
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714:
554:, and
524:Lipids
457:
450:
443:
436:
428:
338:, and
244:genome
71:health
2700:Lists
2578:Omics
1728:Other
1036:S2CID
953:(PDF)
810:(PDF)
462:JSTOR
448:books
267:patho
217:virus
2429:CSTR
2398:HPLC
2292:Gene
2273:Cell
1319:PMID
1301:ISSN
1259:OSTI
1230:ISBN
1103:ISBN
1028:PMID
975:PMID
961:1802
931:PMID
838:PMID
788:PMID
722:PMID
566:and
434:news
293:and
277:and
258:and
196:and
2469:PFR
2403:NMR
2282:RNA
2278:DNA
1462:ENT
1380:and
1309:PMC
1291:doi
1199:2nd
1020:doi
1016:302
965:doi
923:doi
911:260
830:doi
818:196
778:PMC
770:doi
766:329
762:BMJ
712:PMC
704:doi
530:or
417:by
269:-)
214:HIV
204:to
54:or
2766::
1801:/
1317:.
1307:.
1299:.
1287:50
1285:.
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1253:.
1207:^
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