267:
tests Sally's contribution under a dozen combinations of operating systems and versions of the core R language software. If one of them generates an error, she gets that error message. With luck, that error message details may provide enough input to allow enable a fix for the error, even if she cannot replicate it with her current hardware and software. Next, suppose John contributes to the repository a package B that uses a package A. Package B passes all the tests and is made available to users. Later, Sally submits an improved version of A, which unfortunately, breaks B. The autochecks make it possible to provide information to John so he can fix the problem.
171:
3100:
3110:
3120:
42:
282:
test suite for development versions of the core language. If Sally (in the example above) gets an error message she does not understand or thinks is inappropriate, especially from a development version of the language, she can (and often does with R) ask the core development-team for the language for
266:
To understand how this is valuable, imagine a situation with two developers, Sally and John. Sally contributes a package A. Sally only runs the current version of the software under one version of
Microsoft Windows, and has only tested it in that environment. At more or less regular intervals, CRAN
885:
At server side, a software repository is typically managed by source control or repository managers. Some of the repository managers allow to aggregate other repository location into one URL and provide a caching proxy. When doing continuous builds many artifacts are produced and often centrally
869:
In an enterprise environment, a software repository is usually used to store artifacts, or to mirror external repositories which may be inaccessible due to security restrictions. Such repositories may provide additional functionality, like access control, versioning, security checks for uploaded
754:
help manage repositories and the distribution of them. If a repository is updated, a package manager will typically allow the user to update that repository through the package manager. They also help with managing things such as dependencies between other software repositories. Some examples of
239:
A package development process, by contrast, is used to manage the co-development of code and documentation of a collection of functions or routines with a common theme, producing thereby a package of software functions that typically will not be complete and usable by themselves. A good package
934:
Compared to source files, binary artifacts are often larger by orders of magnitude, they are rarely deleted or overwritten (except for rare cases such as snapshots or nightly builds), and they are usually accompanied by much metadata such as id, package name, version, license and more.
926:
Artifacts and packages inherently mean different things. Artifacts are simply an output or collection of files (ex. JAR, WAR, DLLS, RPM etc.) and one of those files may contain metadata (e.g. POM file). Whereas packages are a single archive file in a well-defined format (ex.
274:
of contributed packages, but packages contributed to CRAN need not specify the versions of other contributed packages that they use. Procedures for requesting specific versions of packages exist, but contributors might not use those procedures.
898:. This may interact with a binary repository manager much like a developer would by getting artifacts from the repositories and pushing builds there. Tight integration with CI servers enables the storage of important metadata such as:
1830:
231:
A typical use of a package management system is to facilitate the integration of code from possibly different sources into a coherent stand-alone operating unit. Thus, a package management system might be used to produce a
870:
software, cluster functionality etc. and typically support a variety of formats in one package, so as to cater for all the needs in an enterprise, and thus aiming to provide a single point of truth. Popular examples are
931:) that contain files appropriate for the package type (ex. DLL, PDB). Many artifacts result from builds but other types are crucial as well. Packages are essentially one of two things: a library or an application.
946:
describes a binary artifact, is stored and specified separately from the artifact itself, and can have several additional uses. The following table shows some common metadata types and their uses:
1822:
569:
Often on 12 platforms or combinations of different versions of R (devel, prerel, patched, release) on different operating systems (different versions of Linux, Windows, macOS, and
Solaris).
255:
Very few people have the ability to test their software under multiple operating systems with different versions of the core code and with other contributed packages they may use. For the
1687:
198:, this significantly reduces the threat of malware to these systems. As a side effect, many systems that have these abilities do not need anti-malware software such as
1860:
1386:
2098:
62:
2136:
1447:
252:
The following table lists a few languages with repositories for contributed software. The "Autochecks" column describes the routine checks done.
2853:
2825:
1354:
736:, a strictly curated collection of high-quality libraries for C++; some code developed in Boost later became part of the C++ standard library.
2878:
1238:
2729:
56:
2883:
2155:
2388:
3035:
2863:
2393:
1522:
3123:
2217:
1891:
2511:
1679:
492:
170:
120:
for this purpose, either free of charge or for a subscription fee. Repositories may be solely for particular programs, such as
2764:
1995:
3144:
2802:
2421:
2129:
2049:
1945:
1477:
537:
139:, tools intended to search for, install and otherwise manipulate software packages from the repositories. For example, many
2944:
2921:
2651:
2641:
513:
260:
1920:
100:. Often a table of contents is also stored, along with metadata. A software repository is typically managed by source or
3025:
2613:
2521:
2426:
2202:
2187:
358:
278:
Beyond this, a repository such as CRAN running regular checks of contributed packages actually provides an extensive if
31:
3113:
2848:
2346:
1296:
723:, do not possess a central software repository with universal scope. Notable repositories with limited scope include:
639:
596:
574:
295:
225:
1629:
1852:
270:
This example exposes both a strength and a weakness in the R contributed-package system: CRAN supports this kind of
3085:
2734:
802:
240:
development process will help users conform to good documentation and coding practices, integrating some level of
52:
3103:
3030:
3005:
2868:
2516:
2122:
1379:
875:
616:
136:
2094:
1097:
2954:
2787:
2373:
2242:
1060:
843:
818:
712:
659:
548:
338:
256:
1536:
1823:"Yelp launches Yelp Fusion, Microsoft creates Vcpkg tool, and the new Touch Sense SDK for Android developers"
1208:
733:
159:
based distributions. There are also multiple independent package management systems, such as pacman, used in
3015:
2949:
2840:
2656:
2316:
1970:
1744:
1121:
195:
730:, mainly mathematical routines for Fortran and C, historically one of the first open software repositories;
3080:
2911:
2792:
2559:
2549:
2544:
1439:
1380:"Creating R Packages, Using CRAN, R-Forge, And Local R Archive Networks And Subversion (SVN) Repositories"
895:
894:
As part of the development lifecycle, source code is continuously being built into binary artifacts using
850:
431:
1772:
1716:
1418:
283:
help. In this way, the repository can contribute to improving the quality of the core language software.
3050:
3020:
3010:
2906:
2820:
2696:
2636:
2603:
2593:
2476:
2441:
2431:
2368:
2237:
2212:
2207:
2172:
2067:
1325:
1179:
782:
529:
186:
As software repositories are designed to include useful packages, major repositories are designed to be
871:
1150:
2810:
2782:
2754:
2749:
2578:
2554:
2506:
2489:
2484:
2466:
2456:
2451:
2413:
2363:
2358:
2275:
2221:
2020:
1347:
524:
464:
289:
128:
1267:
3075:
3000:
2916:
2901:
2666:
2446:
2398:
2295:
2285:
2257:
1568:
1050:
1045:
487:
1230:
3040:
2939:
2815:
2772:
2681:
2623:
2608:
2598:
2383:
2182:
1597:
1528:
533:
233:
206:
199:
140:
1658:
879:
518:
3060:
2990:
2969:
2931:
2739:
2706:
2686:
2378:
2290:
2164:
1801:
1518:
704:(Parts of this table were copied from a "List of Top Repositories by Programming Language" on
271:
1503:"On the Development and Distribution of R Packages: An Empirical Analysis of the R Ecosystem"
2893:
2777:
2744:
2539:
2461:
2350:
2336:
2331:
2280:
2267:
2192:
2145:
1510:
327:
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132:
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2197:
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1101:
1040:
751:
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221:
105:
101:
17:
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At client side, a package manager helps installing from and updating the repositories.
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833:
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792:
705:
427:
395:
152:
144:
108:
allow automatically installing and updating repositories, sometimes called "packages".
97:
1883:
902:
Which user triggered the build (whether manually or by committing to revision control)
3138:
2959:
2247:
1055:
164:
3055:
2714:
1991:
1532:
839:
345:
241:
2042:
1941:
1469:
3045:
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stored, so automatically deleting the ones which are not released is important.
469:
375:
807:
A package installer for MacOS that allows one to install packages Apple didn't
3065:
2995:
2588:
2321:
2177:
1912:
1507:
Proceedings of the 2015 European
Conference on Software Architecture Workshops
856:
160:
2570:
2531:
1514:
1288:
496:
382:
1621:
2631:
943:
579:
236:, possibly a distribution tailored to a specific restricted application.
209:
have many repositories around the world that mirror the main repository.
179:
117:
116:
Many software publishers and other organizations maintain servers on the
1501:
Decan, Alexandre; Mens, Tom; Claes, Maelick; Grosjean, Philippe (2015).
1075:
720:
419:
322:
314:
194:
repository from a reputable vendor, and is coupled with an appropriate
187:
156:
1094:
1070:
727:
630:
564:
148:
71:
by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.
2114:
1853:"Microsoft's C++ library manager now available for Linux and macOS"
1502:
822:
716:
1200:
1003:
Provide offline availability for contextual documentation in IDEs
928:
812:
683:
405:
400:
169:
1966:
1113:
1065:
690:
483:
459:
452:
175:
125:
121:
2118:
2016:
1764:
1740:
pip: The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages.
1708:
1410:
772:
679:
478:
35:
1171:
971:
Specify other artifacts that the current artifact depends on
1317:
1142:
979:
Specify other artifacts that depend on the current artifact
319:
1590:"Bundler: The best way to manage a Ruby application's gems"
1259:
216:
Package management system vs. package development process
1560:
1992:"Nexus Repository | Software Component Management"
1738:
68:
1589:
1650:
908:
Which sources were used (commit id, revision, branch)
151:
based distributions, or
Yellowdog Updater, Modified (
135:. Operators of such repositories typically provide a
2983:
2930:
2892:
2839:
2801:
2763:
2705:
2622:
2568:
2530:
2475:
2412:
2345:
2309:
2266:
2230:
2163:
1793:
1680:"List of Top Repositories by Programming Language"
1019:Code coverage, compliance to rules, test results
2154:Note: This template roughly follows the 2012
2130:
2097:. braintickle.blogspot.com. 13 January 2006.
1967:"Artifactory - Universal Artifact Management"
711:Many other programming languages, among them
8:
2043:"Optimal Package Install/Uninstall Manager"
1884:"Linux package management with YUM and RPM"
1555:
1553:
190:free. If a computer is configured to use a
2137:
2123:
2115:
2095:"Linux repository classification schemes"
174:Example of a signed repository key (with
1882:Chinthaguntla, Keerthi (22 April 2020).
1616:
1614:
1289:"Installing Perl Modules - www.cpan.org"
963:Upgrading and downgrading automatically
948:
757:
285:
1863:from the original on September 22, 2020
1378:Graves, Spencer B.; Dorai-Raj, Sundar.
1087:
2854:Knowledge representation and reasoning
2076:
2065:
1833:from the original on November 27, 2020
1561:"RubyGems.org your community gem host"
890:Relationship to continuous integration
261:Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN)
27:Storage location for software packages
2879:Philosophy of artificial intelligence
1496:
1494:
1411:"The Comprehensive R Archive Network"
96:for short, is a storage location for
7:
2198:Energy consumption (Green computing)
1231:"NuGet Package Manager UI Reference"
1095:itmWEB: Coping with Computer Viruses
2884:Distributed artificial intelligence
2156:ACM Computing Classification System
1942:"JFrog Artifactory - wikieduonline"
1440:"R Installation and Administration"
410:dotnet add package <package>
306:Collaborative development platform
2389:Integrated development environment
25:
2864:Automated planning and scheduling
2394:Software configuration management
1348:"Creating R Packages: A Tutorial"
1143:"Maven – Welcome to Apache Maven"
501:composer require <package>
3118:
3108:
3099:
3098:
2017:"Cloudsmith artifact repository"
650:flutter pub get <package>
40:
3109:
2512:Computational complexity theory
2101:from the original on 2007-10-11
2055:from the original on 2011-06-14
2023:from the original on 2023-07-16
1998:from the original on 2021-04-25
1973:from the original on 2021-05-01
1948:from the original on 2021-03-05
1923:from the original on 2017-08-18
1894:from the original on 2021-04-11
1804:from the original on 2022-10-05
1775:from the original on 2019-10-19
1747:from the original on 2020-07-14
1719:from the original on 2019-11-19
1690:from the original on 2018-12-26
1661:from the original on 2019-08-28
1632:from the original on 2019-04-28
1600:from the original on 2022-01-29
1571:from the original on 2019-02-13
1539:from the original on 2023-01-18
1480:from the original on 2020-11-09
1468:Wickham, Hadley; Bryan, Jenny.
1450:from the original on 2015-11-23
1421:from the original on 2019-01-23
1392:from the original on 2017-07-05
1360:from the original on 2017-12-09
1328:from the original on 2024-05-22
1299:from the original on 2019-03-14
1270:from the original on 2018-04-13
1241:from the original on 2019-03-25
1211:from the original on 2019-03-23
1182:from the original on 2019-01-20
1153:from the original on 2011-07-24
1124:from the original on 2019-04-10
787:A package installer for Python
2296:Network performance evaluation
1114:"The Haskell Cabal | Overview"
777:A package manager for Node.js
442:bower install <package>
1:
2667:Multimedia information system
2652:Geographic information system
2642:Enterprise information system
2231:Computer systems organization
1470:"Package structure and state"
1027:Custom reports and processes
797:For managing Debian Packages
503:pear install <package>
3026:Computational social science
2614:Theoretical computer science
2427:Software development process
2203:Electronic design automation
2188:Very Large Scale Integration
2041:Chris, Tucker (2007-03-15).
437:npm install <package>
32:Repository (version control)
2849:Natural language processing
2637:Information storage systems
296:Package development process
226:package development process
3161:
2765:Human–computer interaction
2735:Intrusion detection system
2647:Social information systems
2632:Database management system
755:Package Managers include:
744:
104:, or repository managers.
29:
3094:
3031:Computational engineering
3006:Computational mathematics
2152:
1626:Rust Programming Language
1100:October 14, 2007, at the
882:, a cloud-based product.
876:Sonatype Nexus Repository
759:Popular Package Managers
439:yarn add <package>
222:package management system
147:(APT), commonly found in
137:package management system
18:Binary repository manager
3041:Computational healthcare
3036:Differentiable computing
2955:Graphics processing unit
2374:Domain-specific language
2243:Computational complexity
1061:Definitive media library
905:Which modules were built
844:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
670:dub add <package>
3016:Computational chemistry
2950:Photograph manipulation
2841:Artificial intelligence
2657:Decision support system
1651:"Rust Package Registry"
1515:10.1145/2797433.2797476
1172:"Julia Package Listing"
976:Downstream dependencies
627:go get <package>
263:runs tests routinely.
145:Advanced Packaging Tool
3081:Educational technology
2912:Reinforcement learning
2662:Process control system
2560:Computational geometry
2550:Algorithmic efficiency
2545:Analysis of algorithms
2193:Systems on Chip (SoCs)
2075:Cite journal requires
1829:. September 20, 2016.
922:Artifacts and packages
896:continuous integration
817:A package manager for
257:R programming language
183:
3145:Software distribution
3051:Electronic publishing
3021:Computational biology
3011:Computational physics
2907:Unsupervised learning
2821:Distributed computing
2697:Information retrieval
2604:Mathematical analysis
2594:Mathematical software
2477:Theory of computation
2442:Software construction
2432:Requirements analysis
2310:Software organization
2238:Computer architecture
2208:Hardware acceleration
2173:Printed circuit board
1737:developers, The pip,
1024:User-created metadata
914:Environment variables
248:Selected repositories
234:distribution of Linux
173:
2811:Concurrent computing
2783:Ubiquitous computing
2755:Application security
2750:Information security
2579:Discrete mathematics
2555:Randomized algorithm
2507:Computability theory
2485:Model of computation
2457:Software maintenance
2452:Software engineering
2414:Software development
2364:Programming language
2359:Programming paradigm
2276:Network architecture
1008:Approval information
855:Package manager for
838:Package manager for
553:R CMD check process
224:is different from a
129:programming language
3086:Document management
3076:Operations research
3001:Enterprise software
2917:Multi-task learning
2902:Supervised learning
2624:Information systems
2447:Software deployment
2404:Software repository
2258:Real-time computing
2048:. UC San Diego: 1.
1913:"pacman - ArchWiki"
1765:"Apt - Debian Wiki"
1346:Leisch, Friedrich.
1051:Synaptic (software)
1046:RPM Package Manager
992:Build date and time
865:Repository managers
760:
207:Linux distributions
163:and equo, found in
141:Linux distributions
131:, or for an entire
90:software repository
2869:Search methodology
2816:Parallel computing
2773:Interaction design
2682:Computing platform
2609:Numerical analysis
2599:Information theory
2384:Software framework
2347:Software notations
2286:Network components
2183:Integrated circuit
1917:wiki.archlinux.org
1859:. April 25, 2018.
1444:cran.r-project.org
1415:cran.r-project.org
1235:docs.microsoft.com
960:Versions available
917:Packages installed
758:
587:RubyGems, Bundler
200:antivirus software
196:permissions system
184:
69:clean up the lists
3132:
3131:
3061:Electronic voting
2991:Quantum Computing
2984:Applied computing
2970:Image compression
2740:Hardware security
2730:Security services
2687:Digital marketing
2467:Open-source model
2379:Modeling language
2291:Network scheduler
1624:. Documentation.
1322:python-poetry.org
1205:www.quicklisp.org
1176:pkg.julialang.org
1031:
1030:
987:Legal compliance
911:Dependencies used
872:JFrog Artifactory
862:
861:
702:
701:
272:automated testing
98:software packages
86:
85:
16:(Redirected from
3152:
3122:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3102:
3101:
2922:Cross-validation
2894:Machine learning
2778:Social computing
2745:Network security
2540:Algorithm design
2462:Programming team
2422:Control variable
2399:Software library
2337:Software quality
2332:Operating system
2281:Network protocol
2146:Computer science
2139:
2132:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2071:
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2054:
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2013:
2007:
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2004:
2003:
1988:
1982:
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1637:
1622:"The Cargo Book"
1618:
1609:
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1606:
1605:
1586:
1580:
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1548:
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1509:. pp. 1–6.
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1216:
1201:"Quicklisp beta"
1197:
1191:
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1187:
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1158:
1147:maven.apache.org
1139:
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1129:
1110:
1104:
1092:
949:
764:Package Manager
761:
752:Package managers
741:Package managers
559:install.packages
328:cabal (software)
303:Install methods
286:
192:digitally signed
133:operating system
106:Package managers
81:
78:
72:
44:
43:
36:
21:
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3128:
3119:
3090:
3071:Word processing
2979:
2965:Virtual reality
2926:
2888:
2859:Computer vision
2835:
2831:Multiprocessing
2797:
2759:
2725:Security hacker
2701:
2677:Digital library
2618:
2569:Mathematics of
2564:
2526:
2502:Automata theory
2497:Formal language
2471:
2437:Software design
2408:
2341:
2327:Virtual machine
2305:
2301:Network service
2262:
2253:Embedded system
2226:
2159:
2148:
2143:
2113:
2104:
2102:
2093:
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2015:
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1888:Enable Sysadmin
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1056:FreeBSD Ports
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165:Sabayon Linux
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49:This article
47:
38:
37:
33:
19:
3056:Cyberwarfare
2715:Cryptography
2403:
2103:. Retrieved
2089:
2068:cite journal
2057:. Retrieved
2036:
2025:. Retrieved
2011:
2000:. Retrieved
1986:
1975:. Retrieved
1961:
1950:. Retrieved
1936:
1925:. Retrieved
1916:
1907:
1896:. Retrieved
1887:
1877:
1867:November 19,
1865:. Retrieved
1856:
1847:
1837:November 19,
1835:. Retrieved
1826:
1817:
1806:. Retrieved
1797:
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1768:
1759:
1749:, retrieved
1739:
1732:
1721:. Retrieved
1712:
1703:
1692:. Retrieved
1683:
1674:
1663:. Retrieved
1654:
1645:
1634:. Retrieved
1625:
1602:. Retrieved
1593:
1584:
1573:. Retrieved
1564:
1541:. Retrieved
1506:
1482:. Retrieved
1476:. O'Reilly.
1473:
1463:
1452:. Retrieved
1443:
1434:
1423:. Retrieved
1414:
1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1373:
1362:. Retrieved
1341:
1330:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1301:. Retrieved
1293:www.cpan.org
1292:
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1243:. Retrieved
1234:
1224:
1213:. Retrieved
1204:
1195:
1184:. Retrieved
1175:
1166:
1155:. Retrieved
1146:
1137:
1126:. Retrieved
1117:
1108:
1090:
968:Dependencies
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868:
767:Description
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