82:
1431:
Takshashila, where he was unsuccessfully trying to quell a rebellion. When the
Emperor was on his deathbed, the ministers suggested appointing Ashoka as the temporary emperor, and re-appointing Sushima as the emperor after his return from Takshashila. However, Bindusara became angry when he heard this suggestion. Ashoka then declared that if he was meant to be Bindusara's successor, the devatas would appoint him as the emperor. The devatas then miraculously placed the imperial crown on his head, while Bindusara died. When Sushima heard this news, he advanced towards Pataliputra to claim the throne. However, he died after being tricked into a pit of burning
366:
1098:(deities) then miraculously brought him soldiers and weapons. When his army reached Takshashila, the residents of the city approached him. They told him that they only opposed Bindusara's oppressive ministers; they had no problem with the Emperor or the prince. Ashoka then entered the city without opposition, and the devatas declared that he would rule the entire earth one day. Shortly before Bindusara's death, there was a second revolt in Takshashila. This time, Sushima was sent to quell the rebellion, but he failed in the task.
873:), the empress was seven days away from delivery at this time. Chanakya arrived just as the empress ate the poisoned morsel. Realizing that she was going to die, he decided to save the unborn child. He cut off the empress's head and cut open her belly with a sword to take out the foetus. Over the next seven days, he placed the foetus in the belly of a goat freshly killed each day. After seven days, Chandragupta's son was "born". He was named Bindusara, because his body was spotted with drops ("
373:
1253:
1233:
1133:. Meanwhile, Bindusara learned of the detailed circumstances of his birth, and implored Chanakya to resume his ministerial duties. When Chanakya refused to oblige, the Emperor ordered Subandhu to pacify him. Subandhu, while pretending to appease Chanakya, and burned him to death. Shortly after this, Subandhu himself had to retire and become a monk due to Chanakya's curse.
975:
1366:. Based on his observations of the empress's pregnancy, he prophesied Ashoka's future greatness. He appears to have left the court for unknown reasons. When Ashoka grew up, the empresd told him that Janasana had forecast his greatness. Ashoka then sent a carriage to bring back Janasana, who was residing at an unnamed place far from the capital,
1343:(wandering teacher). Bindusara asked him to assess the ability of the princes to be the next emperor, as the two watched the princes play. Pingalavatsa recognized Ashoka as the most suitable prince, but did not give a definitive answer to the Emperor, since Ashoka was not Bindusara's favourite son. He, however, told Empress
1128:
states that
Chanakya continued to be Bindusara's prime minister. It mentions a legend about Chanakya's death: Chanakya asked the emperor to appoint a man named Subandhu as one of his ministers. However, Subandhu wanted to become a higher minister and grew jealous of Chanakya. So, he told Bindusara
617:
were written more than a thousand years after his death. Most of the
Buddhist legends about Ashoka's early life also appear to have been composed by Buddhist writers who lived several hundred years after Ashoka's death, and are of little historical value. While these legends can be used to make
1430:
had predicted his rise as the universal ruler. Sometime later, Bindusara fell sick and decided to hand over the administration to his successor. He asked his ministers to appoint
Sushima as the emperor, and Ashoka as the governor of Takshashila. However, by this time, Sushima had been sent to
1425:
at the prime minister, Khallataka. The minister thought that
Sushima was unworthy of being an emperor. Therefore, he approached the 500 imperial councillors, and suggested appointing Ashoka as the emperor after Bindusara's death, pointing out that the
568:. His life is not documented as well as the lives of these two emperors. Much of the information about him comes from legendary accounts written several hundred years after his death. Bindusara consolidated the empire created by his father.
1853:"According to the Jaina and the Buddhist traditions Chandragupta had many sons and Bindusara was chosen to succeed him. He also had the title 'Devanampriya'. The Greeks call him Amitrachates, the Sanskrit equivalent of Amitragatha"
1056:(Mauryan conquest), although it does not provide any details about the Mauryan expeditions. According to Daniélou, Bindusara's main achievement was organization and consolidation of the empire he inherited from Chandragupta.
1414:, Ashoka had been appointed as the viceroy of Ujjain. On hearing about his father's fatal illness, he rushed to the capital, Pataliputra. There, he killed his 99 brothers (leaving only Tishya), and became the new emperor.
1129:
that
Chanakya had cut open the belly of his mother. After confirming the story with the nurses, Bindusara started hating Chanakya. As a result, Chanakya, who was already a very old man by this time, retired and decided to
1024:
K. Krishna Reddy, on the other hand, argues that Ashoka's inscriptions would have boasted about his conquest of southern India, had he captured Deccan. Reddy, therefore, believes that the
Mauryan empire extended up to
1189:. Antiochus replied that he would send the wine and the figs, but the Greek laws forbade him to sell a sophist. Bindusara's request for a sophist probably reflects his intention to learn about the Greek philosophy.
1035:
believes that
Bindusara inherited an empire that included the Deccan region, and made no territorial additions to the empire. Daniélou, however, believes that Bindusara brought the southern territories of the
927:. When she was born, an astrologer named Pingalwatsa predicted that one of her sons would be an emperor, and the other a religious man. When she grew up, her father took her to Bindusara's palace in
939:, but made her the chief empress after learning about her Brahmin descent. The couple had two sons: Ashoka and Vigatashoka. Bindusara did not like Ashoka because his "limbs were hard to the touch".
1386:
believes that he died around 274 BCE. Sailendra Nath Sen believes that he died around 273-272 BCE, and that his death was followed by a four-year struggle of succession, after which his son
1347:
of Ashoka's future greatness. The empress requested him to leave the empire before the
Emperor forced him to provide an answer. Pingalavatsa returned to the court after Bindusara's death.
752:, which has led to speculation that Bindusara's mother might have been Greek or Macedonian. However, there is no evidence of this. According to the 12th century Jain writer Hemachandra's
958:
states that
Bindusara had 101 sons from 16 women. The eldest of these was Sumana / Sushima, and the youngest was Tishya (or Tissa). Ashoka and Tishya were born to the same mother.
885:, and states that Chanakya entered the room the very moment she collapsed. To save the child, he cut open the dead empress's womb and took the baby out. By this time, a drop ("
2456:
2438:
1139:
suggests that Bindusara had 500 imperial councillors. It names two officials – Khallataka and Radhagupta – who helped his son Ashoka became the emperor after his death.
1021:(southern India). Based on this, Sen concludes that Bindusara did not extend the Mauryan empire, but managed to retain the territories he inherited from Chandragupta.
365:
994:, one of Bindusara's "great lords", destroyed the nobles and kings of 16 towns and made him master of all the territory between the western and the eastern seas (
935:. Once, when the Emperor was pleased with her hairdressing skills, she expressed her desire to be a queen. Bindusara was initially apprehensive about her low
1029:
during Bindusara's reign. According to him, the southernmost kingdoms were not a part of the Mauryan empire, but probably acknowledged its suzerainty.
2197:. Vol. III. Literally Translated by C. D. Yonge, B. A. London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 1044. Original Classification Number: 888 A96d tY55 1854.
2715:
686:
also mention Bindusara in their genealogies of Mauryan rulers. Some Greek sources also mention him by the name "Amitrochates" or its variations.
2684:
2638:
2546:
2518:
2494:
889:") of poison had already reached the baby and touched its head. Therefore, Chanakya named him Bindusara, meaning "the strength of the drop".
831:
call him Allitrochades (Ἀλλιτροχάδης) and Amitrochates (Ἀμιτροχάτης) respectively; these names are probably derived from the Sanskrit title.
1017:) during Chandragupta's reign. Besides, Ashoka's inscriptions found in southern India do not mention anything about Bindusara's conquest of
618:
several inferences about Bindusara's reign, they are not entirely reliable because of the close association between Ashoka and Buddhism.
81:
2659:
2617:
2596:
2573:
2452:
2334:
2300:
2253:
2172:
2133:
2106:
2079:
1989:
1811:
1781:
1705:
1547:
2428:
865:. One day, Chandragupta, not knowing about the poison, shared his food with his pregnant wife. According to the Buddhist legends (
853:
Both Buddhist and Jain texts mention a legend about how Bindusara got his name. Both accounts state that Chandragupta's minister
491:
2414:
1399:
794:
give different names for Chandragupta's successor; these appear to be clerical errors. For example, the various recensions of
1382:
Historical evidence suggests that Bindusara died in the 270s BCE. According to Upinder Singh, Bindusara died around 273 BCE.
2198:
1370:. On the way back to Pataliputra, he was converted to Buddhism by one Assagutta. Based on these legends, scholars such as
591:
Ancient and medieval sources have not documented Bindusara's life in detail. Much of the information about him comes from
2735:
372:
1294:
1239:
1048:
under nominal Mauryan control, although he could not overcome their armies. His theory is based on the fact that the
1484:
2730:
2391:
2720:
2538:
982:
and the Maurya Empire between 600 and 180 BCE, including possible expansion under Bindusara prior to 273 BCE.
2725:
1371:
1212:
112:
1397:, Bindusara reigned for 28 years, while according to the Puranas, he ruled for 25 years. The Buddhist text
2582:
2164:
A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization
1289:" ("votary of the Brahmanas"). Jain sources are silent on Bindusara's faith. A fragmentary inscription at
1216:
1174:
1801:
2555:
1410:, although they provide varying descriptions of the circumstances of this succession. According to the
1917:
1895:
Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: a statistical investigation of the authorship and evolution of the text
1479:
832:
484:
1308:
astrologer or priest at Bindusara's court prophesied the future greatness of the prince Ashoka. The
2565:
2504:
1219:
to India. According to Sailendra Nath Sen, this appears to have happened during Bindusara's reign.
1111:
1010:
700:
600:
596:
561:
440:
380:
317:
149:
2433:
1979:
1045:
858:
460:
703:, the founder of the Mauryan Empire. This is attested by several sources, including the various
1246:
suggests Bindusura may have been connected to its construction and to Buddhism. 3rd century BCE
1009:
Sailendra Nath Sen notes that the Mauryan empire already extended from the western sea (beside
2680:
2655:
2634:
2628:
2613:
2607:
2592:
2586:
2569:
2542:
2514:
2490:
2486:
2474:
2330:
2296:
2249:
2168:
2129:
2123:
2102:
2096:
2075:
1985:
1827:
1807:
1777:
1771:
1701:
1689:
1543:
1383:
1208:
1124:
1049:
1032:
936:
613:
540:
410:
282:
2649:
2243:
2162:
2069:
2048:
1831:
2269:
2027:
1889:
1563:
1439:
1422:
1192:
796:
572:
400:
268:
90:
of the Maurya empire, period of Bindusara Maurya about 297–273 BC, workshop of Pataliputra.
846:("The Beloved of the Gods"), which was also applied to his successor Ashoka. The Jain work
1693:
1508:
1491:
1463:
1328:
1271:
1204:
1169:
1152:
749:
659:
592:
477:
40:
1472:
768:
The name "Bindusara", with slight variations, is attested by the Buddhist texts such as
2528:
2054:
1503:
1496:
1359:
1358:(ascetic of the imperial household). He had been born as a python during the period of
1018:
1003:
170:
1159:
at Bindusara's court. Deimachos seems to have written a treatise entitled "On Piety" (
2709:
2630:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
2479:
2023:
999:
966:
Historian Upinder Singh estimates that Bindusara ascended the throne around 297 BCE.
786:
730:
536:
528:
349:
307:
244:
213:
1006:
by Bindusara, while others believe that this only refers to suppression of revolts.
2676:
2404:
1252:
974:
899:
725:
629:
450:
273:
72:
57:
2695:
2670:
2559:
2534:
The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire
2532:
2508:
2375:
2324:
2290:
2273:
2192:
1893:
1873:
1856:
1567:
1537:
1443:
1367:
1344:
1314:
1196:
1156:
1087:
995:
928:
916:
862:
811:
802:
676:
623:
608:
580:
240:
209:
61:
17:
1232:
2409:
1354:
commentary states that Janasana (also Jarasona or Jarasana) was the Empress's
1282:
1182:
1130:
924:
720:
430:
136:
87:
2392:
https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-brahmanda-purana/d/doc362932.html
2188:
2033:
1467:
1277:
1164:
1148:
1066:
987:
912:
828:
776:
770:
734:
715:
709:
664:
645:
639:
576:
295:
33:
1297:, perhaps refers to Bindusara, which might suggest his connection with the
2210:
2208:
1700:. Translated by Rosalind Lefeber. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 204–206.
1451:
1432:
1298:
1200:
1119:
1115:
1079:
991:
882:
854:
820:
757:
680:
548:
420:
338:
327:
166:
2245:
The Idea of Ancient India: Essays on Religion, Politics, and Archaeology
931:. Bindusara's wives, jealous of her beauty, trained her as the imperial
2513:. Central Cultural Fund, Ministry of Cultural Affairs and Information.
1698:
The Clever Adulteress and Other Stories: A Treasury of Jaina Literature
1403:
claims that he ruled for 70 years, which is not historically accurate.
1363:
1305:
1186:
1075:
979:
920:
904:
791:
704:
683:
583:, but some historians doubt the historical authenticity of this claim.
532:
302:
2098:
Mercury's Wings: Exploring Modes of Communication in the Ancient World
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1427:
1407:
1387:
1362:, and had become very wise after listening to the discussions of the
1290:
1259:
1243:
1095:
1071:
1041:
1037:
1026:
1014:
932:
908:
857:
used to mix small doses of poison in the emperor's food to build his
824:
604:
565:
291:
287:
188:
159:
68:
65:
1147:
Bindusara maintained friendly diplomatic relations with the Greeks.
1122:, after handing over the administration to Bindusara. However, the
741:, it omits Chandragupta's name altogether. The metrical version of
579:
credits his administration with extensive territorial conquests in
1091:
621:
Buddhist sources that provide information about Bindusara include
252:
248:
221:
217:
2029:
Epigraphia Carnatica, Volume II: Inscriptions and Sravana Belgola
1326:
commentary) names this man as Janasana, based on a commentary on
1178:
835:
believed that the Greek name was derived from the Sanskrit word
800:
mention him as Varisara or Varikara. The different versions of
1690:"The Minister Cāṇakya, from the Pariśiṣtaparvan of Hemacandra"
2453:"Avneet Kaur joins 'Chandra Nandni' opposite Siddharth Nigam"
1442:
mentions that Bindusara himself crowned Ashoka as the king.
1421:, Bindusara's favourite son Sushima once playfully threw his
1177:'s writings: Bindusara requested Antiochus to send him sweet
2675:. A People's History of India. Aligarh Historians Society /
719:, on the other hand, names Bindusara as the son of the king
2194:
The Deipnosophists, or, Banquet of the learned of Athenaeus
946:
names Ashoka's mother as Janapadakalyani. According to the
2003:
2001:
1605:
1603:
1406:
All sources agree that Bindusara was succeeded by his son
1002:). According to some historians, this implies conquest of
2377:
Bimbisāra to Aśoka: With an Appendix on the Later Mauryas
2214:
1875:
Bimbisāra to Aśoka: With an Appendix on the Later Mauryas
1664:
1662:
1660:
915:. The mother of Ashoka and Vigatashoka was a woman named
1719:
1717:
1539:
Buddhism in India and Sri Lanka (c. 300 BC to C. 600 AD)
1258:
Conjectural reconstruction of timber-built Temple 40 in
2329:(2nd ed.). Luzac & Company. pp. 146–147.
1734:
1732:
1482:
played the role of Bindusara in the television series,
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
745:contains a similar genealogy with some variations.
334:
323:
313:
301:
281:
259:
228:
198:
194:
184:
176:
165:
155:
145:
135:
118:
111:
50:
2478:
1086:states that Bindusara sent Ashoka to lay siege to
1773:The Pimlico Dictionary of Classical Civilizations
1374:conclude that Bindusara patronized the Ajivikas.
2095:Talbert, Richard J. A.; Naiden, Fred S. (2017).
1757:
1626:
1594:
1339:version states that Pingalavatsa was an Ajivika
1203:. This king is usually identified as Bindusara.
1199:, the Mauryan capital) welcomed a Greek author,
1090:. The Emperor refused to provide any weapons or
277:or Dhamma according to the Sri Lankan tradition)
1984:. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. p. A42-43.
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
954:), the name of Ashoka's mother was Dhamma. The
560:Bindusara was the son of the dynasty's founder
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2018:
2016:
748:Chandragupta had a marriage alliance with the
2361:
2036:: Mysore Government Central Press. p. 9.
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
485:
8:
2510:Aśoka, the Righteous: A Definitive Biography
2485:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p.
2292:Royal patronage of Buddhism in ancient India
2057:. Calcutta: Asiatic Society. pp. 67–68.
2050:Sthavir̂aval̂i charita, or, Pariśishtaparvan
1836:Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
1795:
1793:
1173:, mentions an incident that he learned from
823:for "slayer of enemies"). The Greek writers
667:. The Jain sources include the 12th century
1806:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 18–19.
1494:played Bindusara in the television series
842:In addition, Bindusara was given the title
839:("devourer of enemies"), a title of Indra.
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1070:suggests that Bindusara appointed his son
850:states that his birth name was Simhasena.
492:
478:
345:
80:
47:
1922:. New York: E. P. Dutton. pp. 20–29.
1506:plays Bindusara in the television series
1454:after handing over the throne to Ashoka.
986:The 16th century Tibetan Buddhist author
2651:History of Classical Sanskrit Literature
2278:. Vol. 1. The New Age. p. 171.
2148:
2101:. Oxford University Press. p. 295.
2007:
1668:
1572:. Vol. 1. The New Age. p. 171.
973:
564:and the father of its most famous ruler
2609:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
2167:. Oxford University Press. p. 99.
1521:
348:
2429:"Happy Birthday Sameer Dharamadhikari"
2349:
2248:(in Arabic). SAGE Publications India.
2237:
2235:
2201:from the original on 31 December 2013.
2128:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 421.
1944:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1738:
1723:
1318:) names this man as Pingalavatsa. The
1293:, in the ruins of the 3rd century BCE
780:("Bindusaro"); the Jain texts such as
2326:History and Doctrines of the Ājīvikas
2215:Irfan Habib & Vivekanand Jha 2004
1932:
1651:
1609:
1582:
1450:(19th century) states that Bindusara
1114:'s chief advisor (or chief minister)
784:; as well as the Hindu texts such as
756:, the name of Bindusara's mother was
729:states that Bindusara was the son of
7:
2697:Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas
2669:Irfan Habib; Vivekanand Jha (2004).
2459:from the original on 24 August 2017.
2441:from the original on 25 January 2021
2417:from the original on 24 August 2017.
2125:A Companion to the Hellenistic World
1803:Asoka, the Buddhist emperor of India
1435:by Ashoka's well-wisher Radhagupta.
1304:Some Buddhist texts mention that an
1195:states that the king of Palibothra (
733:and a 10th-generation descendant of
671:by Hemachandra and the 19th century
2074:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 38.
1965:
1861:. Bani Prakash Mandir. p. 120.
1390:became the emperor in 269-268 BCE.
663:, and the 16th century writings of
1417:According to the prose version of
1118:accompanied him to the forest for
877:") of goat's blood. The Jain text
815:names Chandragupta's successor as
806:call him Bhadrasara or Nandasara.
238:(aged c. 46 – 47)
25:
2561:Chandragupta Maurya and his times
2403:Sukanya Verma (24 October 2001).
2380:. Roy and Chowdhury. p. 102.
2071:Chandragupta Maurya and His Times
1872:Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar (1977).
1855:Murthy, H. V. Sreenivasa (1963).
547:, a name likely derived from his
2374:Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya (1977).
1878:. Roy and Chowdhury. p. 98.
1838:. Asiatic Society of Bengal: 10.
1466:portrayed Bindusara in the 2001
1281:suggest that Bindusara followed
1251:
1231:
1163:). The 3rd century Greek writer
371:
364:
903:names three sons of Bindusara:
509:
263:Several wives (16 according to
2716:3rd-century BC Indian monarchs
1:
2648:Srinivasachariar, M. (1974).
2588:Age of the Nandas and Mauryas
2068:Mookerji, Radhakumud (1966).
1800:Vincent Arthur Smith (1920).
1776:. Random House. p. 189.
1094:for Ashoka's expedition. The
1013:) to the eastern sea (beside
520:
513:
330:(according to Jain tradition)
232:
202:
122:
2606:Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999).
2455:. ABP Live. 10 August 2017.
1832:"On the Early Life of Asoka"
1688:Motilal Banarsidass (1993).
1597:, pp. lxxxvii–lxxxviii.
657:or "Mahavamsa commentary"),
607:. The Jain legends, such as
2633:. Pearson Education India.
2752:
2700:. Oxford University Press.
2275:Asoka and His Inscriptions
1919:Legends of Indian Buddhism
1858:A History of Ancient India
1569:Asoka and His Inscriptions
1485:Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat
271:(Subhadrangi according to
38:
31:
2612:. New Age International.
2229:, Burjor Avari, p.108-109
1770:Arthur Cotterell (2011).
978:Territorial evolution of
79:
55:
2539:Harvard University Press
2481:A Brief History of India
2289:Kanai Lal Hazra (1984).
2189:Athenaeus (of Naucratis)
2122:Erskine, Andrew (2009).
1978:K Krishna Reddy (2005).
1050:ancient Tamil literature
32:Not to be confused with
2654:. Motilal Banarsidass.
2627:Singh, Upinder (2008).
2591:. Motilal Banarsidass.
2583:Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta
2242:Singh, Upinder (2016).
2227:India, the Ancient Past
1981:General Studies History
1916:Eugène Burnouf (1911).
1131:starve himself to death
723:. The prose version of
557:("slayer of enemies").
2694:Romila Thapar (1961).
2161:J. C. McKeown (2013).
1536:S. M. Haldhar (2001).
1151:was the ambassador of
983:
699:Bindusara was born to
2556:Mookerji, Radha Kumud
2437:, 25 September 2015,
2323:Basham, A.L. (1951).
1758:Srinivasachariar 1974
1627:Srinivasachariar 1974
1595:Srinivasachariar 1974
1438:On the contrary, the
977:
970:Territorial conquests
897:The prose version of
881:names the empress as
790:("Vindusara"). Other
507:(320 BCE – 273 BCE) (
2505:Guruge, Ananda W. P.
2047:Hemachandra (1891).
1898:. Brill. p. 15.
1890:Trautmann, Thomas R.
1480:Sameer Dharmadhikari
1400:Manjushri-Mula-Kalpa
1378:Death and succession
1215:sent an envoy named
1149:Deimachos of Plateia
919:, the daughter of a
2736:Emperors of Magadha
2566:Motilal Banarsidass
2295:. D.K. p. 58.
1629:, p. lxxxviii.
1269:The Buddhist texts
603:legends focused on
595:legends focused on
543:writers called him
318:Chandragupta Maurya
150:Chandragupta Maurya
94:Symbols with a Sun
86:A silver coin of 1
73:Beloved of the Gods
39:For the river, see
2434:The Times of India
2362:Romila Thapar 1961
1760:, p. lxxxvii.
1612:, p. 331-332.
1585:, p. 331–332.
1542:. Om. p. 38.
1458:In popular culture
1320:Vamsatthappakasini
1310:Pamsupradanavadana
1238:An inscription at
1125:Parishishta-Parvan
1060:Takshashila revolt
984:
948:Vamsatthappakasini
942:Another legend in
879:Parishishta-Parvan
863:poisoning attempts
782:Parishishta-Parvan
754:Parishishta-Parvan
669:Parishishta-Parvan
651:Vamsatthappakasini
635:Pamsupradanavadana
614:Parishishta-Parvan
113:Emperor of Magadha
27:2nd Maurya Emperor
2686:978-81-85229-92-8
2640:978-81-317-1120-0
2548:978-0-674-72882-0
2520:978-955-9226-00-0
2496:978-1-59477-794-3
2270:Beni Madhab Barua
1828:Rajendralal Mitra
1564:Beni Madhab Barua
1393:According to the
1301:order at Sanchi.
1285:, calling him a "
1143:Foreign relations
861:against possible
571:The 16th century
527:) was the second
502:
501:
469:
468:
344:
343:
267:), including the
62:Slayer of enemies
58:Universal Monarch
16:(Redirected from
2743:
2731:Family of Ashoka
2701:
2690:
2665:
2644:
2623:
2602:
2578:
2564:(4th ed.),
2551:
2524:
2500:
2484:
2461:
2460:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2320:
2307:
2306:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2239:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2053:. Translated by
2044:
2038:
2037:
2020:
2011:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1851:
1840:
1839:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1742:
1736:
1727:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1685:
1672:
1666:
1655:
1649:
1630:
1624:
1613:
1607:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1533:
1440:Brahmanda Purana
1255:
1235:
1207:states that the
797:Bhagavata Purana
573:Tibetan Buddhist
526:
525:
522:
518:
515:
511:
494:
487:
480:
401:Ashoka the Great
375:
368:
361:
360:
355:
346:
269:mother of Ashoka
237:
234:
207:
204:
131:
127:
124:
84:
48:
21:
18:Bindusara Maurya
2751:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2721:Mauryan dynasty
2706:
2705:
2704:
2693:
2687:
2668:
2662:
2647:
2641:
2626:
2620:
2605:
2599:
2581:
2576:
2554:
2549:
2529:Kosmin, Paul J.
2527:
2521:
2503:
2497:
2475:Daniélou, Alain
2473:
2469:
2464:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2303:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2206:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1745:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1694:Phyllis Granoff
1687:
1686:
1675:
1667:
1658:
1650:
1633:
1625:
1616:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1519:
1509:Pracchand Ashok
1492:Siddharth Nigam
1464:Gerson da Cunha
1460:
1380:
1329:Majjhima Nikaya
1287:Brahmana bhatto
1272:Samantapasadika
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1236:
1225:
1170:Deipnosophistae
1145:
1104:
1062:
972:
964:
895:
871:Mahavamsa Tikka
766:
697:
692:
660:Samantapasadika
653:(also known as
589:
529:Mauryan emperor
523:
516:
508:
498:
405:273/268–232 BCE
353:
352:
239:
235:
208:
205:
129:
125:
107:
71:
64:
60:
44:
41:Bindusara River
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2726:270s BC deaths
2723:
2718:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2691:
2685:
2666:
2660:
2645:
2639:
2624:
2618:
2603:
2597:
2579:
2574:
2552:
2547:
2525:
2519:
2501:
2495:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2444:
2420:
2395:
2383:
2366:
2354:
2342:
2335:
2308:
2301:
2281:
2261:
2254:
2231:
2219:
2204:
2180:
2173:
2153:
2141:
2134:
2114:
2107:
2087:
2080:
2060:
2055:Hermann Jacobi
2039:
2012:
2010:, p. 109.
1997:
1990:
1970:
1968:, p. 142.
1949:
1947:, p. 167.
1937:
1935:, p. 332.
1925:
1901:
1881:
1864:
1841:
1819:
1812:
1789:
1782:
1762:
1743:
1728:
1726:, p. 465.
1713:
1706:
1673:
1671:, p. 108.
1656:
1654:, p. 331.
1631:
1614:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1555:
1548:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1504:Chetan Hansraj
1501:
1497:Chandra Nandni
1489:
1477:
1459:
1456:
1448:Rajavali-Katha
1384:Alain Daniélou
1379:
1376:
1360:Kassapa Buddha
1257:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1161:Peri Eusebeias
1144:
1141:
1108:Rajavali-Katha
1103:
1100:
1061:
1058:
1033:Alain Daniélou
971:
968:
963:
960:
952:Mahavamsa Tika
894:
891:
848:Rajavali-Katha
765:
762:
696:
693:
691:
688:
673:Rajavali-Katha
588:
585:
581:southern India
539:. The ancient
524: 273 BCE
500:
499:
497:
496:
489:
482:
474:
471:
470:
467:
466:
463:
457:
456:
453:
447:
446:
443:
437:
436:
433:
427:
426:
423:
417:
416:
413:
407:
406:
403:
397:
396:
393:
387:
386:
383:
377:
376:
369:
357:
356:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:
325:
321:
320:
315:
311:
310:
305:
299:
298:
285:
279:
278:
261:
257:
256:
236: 273 BCE
230:
226:
225:
206: 320 BCE
200:
196:
195:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
139:
133:
132:
130: 273 BCE
120:
116:
115:
109:
108:
85:
77:
76:
53:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2748:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2672:Mauryan India
2667:
2663:
2661:9788120802841
2657:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2619:9788122411980
2615:
2611:
2610:
2604:
2600:
2598:9788120804661
2594:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2575:81-208-0433-3
2571:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2370:
2367:
2364:, p. 13.
2363:
2358:
2355:
2352:, p. 27.
2351:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2336:81-208-1204-2
2332:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2302:9780865901674
2298:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2255:9789351506454
2251:
2247:
2246:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2217:, p. 20.
2216:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2174:9780199982110
2170:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2154:
2151:, p. 38.
2150:
2149:Mookerji 1988
2145:
2142:
2137:
2135:9781405154413
2131:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2108:9780190663285
2104:
2100:
2099:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2081:9788120804050
2077:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2024:B. Lewis Rice
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:Daniélou 2003
2004:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1991:9780070604476
1987:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1813:9788120613034
1809:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1783:9781446466728
1779:
1775:
1774:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1741:, p. 35.
1740:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1707:9788120811508
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1669:Daniélou 2003
1665:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1549:9788186867532
1545:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1261:
1254:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1054:Vamba Moriyar
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
1000:Bay of Bengal
997:
993:
989:
981:
976:
969:
967:
961:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
892:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:
807:
805:
804:
799:
798:
793:
789:
788:
787:Vishnu Purana
783:
779:
778:
773:
772:
763:
761:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
722:
718:
717:
712:
711:
706:
702:
694:
689:
687:
685:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:
656:
655:Mahvamsa Tika
652:
648:
647:
642:
641:
636:
632:
631:
626:
625:
619:
616:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
558:
556:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:Ancient India
534:
530:
519: –
506:
495:
490:
488:
483:
481:
476:
475:
473:
472:
464:
462:
459:
458:
454:
452:
449:
448:
444:
442:
439:
438:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
422:
419:
418:
414:
412:
409:
408:
404:
402:
399:
398:
394:
392:
389:
388:
384:
382:
379:
378:
374:
370:
367:
363:
362:
359:
358:
354:(322–180 BCE)
351:
350:Maurya Empire
347:
340:
337:
333:
329:
326:
322:
319:
316:
312:
309:
306:
304:
300:
297:
293:
289:
286:
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
247:(Present day
246:
245:Maurya Empire
242:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:(Present day
215:
214:Maurya Empire
211:
201:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
164:
161:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
140:
138:
134:
121:
117:
114:
110:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
83:
78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
63:
59:
54:
49:
46:
42:
35:
30:
19:
2696:
2677:Tulika Books
2671:
2650:
2629:
2608:
2587:
2560:
2533:
2509:
2480:
2467:Bibliography
2447:
2432:
2423:
2408:
2398:
2386:
2376:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2325:
2291:
2284:
2274:
2264:
2244:
2226:
2222:
2193:
2183:
2163:
2156:
2144:
2124:
2117:
2097:
2090:
2070:
2063:
2049:
2042:
2028:
1980:
1973:
1940:
1928:
1918:
1894:
1884:
1874:
1867:
1857:
1835:
1822:
1802:
1772:
1765:
1697:
1590:
1578:
1568:
1558:
1538:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1447:
1437:
1419:Ashokavadana
1418:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1381:
1372:A. L. Basham
1355:
1351:
1349:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1286:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1213:Philadelphus
1191:
1168:
1160:
1146:
1137:Ashokavadana
1136:
1135:
1123:
1112:Chandragupta
1110:states that
1107:
1105:
1084:Ashokavadana
1083:
1065:
1063:
1053:
1031:
1023:
1008:
990:states that
985:
965:
955:
951:
947:
943:
941:
900:Ashokavadana
898:
896:
886:
878:
874:
870:
866:
852:
847:
844:Devanampriya
843:
841:
836:
817:Amitra-ghāta
816:
810:
808:
801:
795:
785:
781:
775:
769:
767:
753:
747:
743:Ashokavadana
742:
738:
726:Ashokavadana
724:
714:
708:
701:Chandragupta
698:
672:
668:
658:
654:
650:
644:
638:
634:
630:Ashokavadana
628:
622:
620:
612:
597:Chandragupta
590:
570:
562:Chandragupta
559:
553:
552:
545:Amitrochates
544:
504:
503:
451:Shatadhanvan
390:
381:Chandragupta
274:Ashokavadana
272:
264:
167:Crown Prince
103:
99:
95:
91:
56:
45:
29:
2350:Guruge 1993
1945:Sastri 1988
1739:Kosmin 2014
1724:Guruge 1993
1444:Devachandra
1368:Pataliputra
1345:Subhadrangi
1341:parivrajaka
1337:Divyavadana
1315:Divyavadana
1197:Pataliputra
1157:Antiochus I
1088:Takshashila
1052:alludes to
1046:Satyaputras
996:Arabian Sea
944:Divyavadana
929:Pataliputra
925:Champa city
917:Subhadrangi
913:Vigatashoka
837:Amitrakhāda
812:Mahabhashya
803:Vayu Purana
677:Devachandra
627:(including
624:Divyavadana
609:Hemachandra
554:Amitraghāta
541:Greco-Roman
465:187–180 BCE
461:Brihadratha
455:195–187 BCE
445:202–195 BCE
435:215–202 BCE
425:224–215 BCE
415:232–224 BCE
395:297–273 BCE
385:322–297 BCE
241:Pataliputra
210:Pataliputra
177:Predecessor
146:Predecessor
102:14 x 11 mm
100:Dimensions:
2710:Categories
2410:rediff.com
1933:Singh 2008
1652:Singh 2008
1610:Singh 2008
1583:Singh 2008
1517:References
1283:Brahmanism
1175:Hegesander
1120:retirement
1011:Saurashtra
833:J.F. Fleet
721:Shushunaga
690:Early life
587:Background
517: 297
441:Devavarman
431:Shalishuka
411:Dasharatha
141:c. 297 BCE
137:Coronation
128: – c.
126: 297
88:karshapana
66:Emperor of
2558:(1988) ,
2034:Bangalore
1468:Bollywood
1412:Mahavamsa
1395:Mahavamsa
1352:Mahavamsa
1324:Mahavamsa
1312:(part of
1295:Temple 40
1278:Mahavamsa
1240:Temple 40
1217:Dionysius
1209:Ptolemaic
1167:, in his
1165:Athenaeus
1067:Mahavamsa
988:Taranatha
956:Mahavamsa
867:Mahavamsa
829:Athenaeus
777:Mahavamsa
771:Dipavamsa
750:Seleucids
739:Dipavamsa
735:Bimbisara
716:Dipavamsa
710:Mahavamsa
665:Taranatha
646:Mahavamsa
640:Dipavamsa
577:Taranatha
505:Bindusara
391:Bindusara
296:Vitashoka
265:Mahavamsa
185:Successor
156:Successor
51:Bindusara
34:Bimbisara
2585:(1988).
2531:(2014),
2507:(1993).
2477:(2003).
2457:Archived
2439:archived
2415:Archived
2272:(1968).
2199:Archived
2191:(1854).
2026:(1889).
1966:Sen 1999
1892:(1971).
1830:(1878).
1566:(1968).
1433:charcoal
1423:gauntlet
1364:bhikkhus
1356:kulupaga
1299:Buddhist
1223:Religion
1201:Iambulus
1193:Diodorus
1181:, dried
1153:Seleucid
1116:Chanakya
1102:Advisors
1092:chariots
1080:Ujjayini
1044:and the
998:and the
992:Chanakya
883:Durdhara
859:immunity
855:Chanakya
821:Sanskrit
758:Durdhara
707:and the
601:Buddhist
599:and the
549:Sanskrit
421:Samprati
339:Hinduism
335:Religion
328:Durdhara
2405:"Asoka"
1696:(ed.).
1452:retired
1428:devatas
1306:Ajivika
1187:sophist
1096:devatas
1076:Viceroy
1074:as the
980:Magadha
923:of the
921:Brahmin
905:Sushima
792:Puranas
737:. Like
705:Puranas
695:Parents
684:Puranas
575:author
533:Magadha
512:
303:Dynasty
180:Unknown
171:Magadha
104:Weight:
98:Symbol
2683:
2658:
2637:
2616:
2595:
2572:
2545:
2517:
2493:
2333:
2299:
2252:
2171:
2132:
2105:
2078:
1988:
1810:
1780:
1704:
1546:
1470:film,
1408:Ashoka
1388:Ashoka
1291:Sanchi
1260:Sanchi
1244:Sanchi
1185:and a
1072:Ashoka
1042:Cholas
1040:, the
1038:Cheras
1027:Mysore
1019:Deccan
1015:Bengal
1004:Deccan
933:barber
909:Ashoka
893:Family
825:Strabo
713:. The
679:. The
605:Ashoka
566:Ashoka
551:title
324:Mother
314:Father
308:Maurya
292:Ashoka
288:Susima
260:Spouse
189:Susima
160:Ashoka
106:3.4 g.
69:Magadh
1692:. In
1473:Aśoka
1322:(the
1211:king
1205:Pliny
1155:king
962:Reign
937:class
887:bindu
875:bindu
764:Names
731:Nanda
681:Hindu
283:Issue
253:India
249:Bihar
222:India
218:Bihar
119:Reign
2681:ISBN
2656:ISBN
2635:ISBN
2614:ISBN
2593:ISBN
2570:ISBN
2543:ISBN
2515:ISBN
2491:ISBN
2390:url=
2331:ISBN
2297:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2169:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2103:ISBN
2076:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1808:ISBN
1778:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1544:ISBN
1350:The
1335:The
1275:and
1183:figs
1179:wine
1106:The
1064:The
911:and
869:and
827:and
809:The
774:and
633:and
593:Jain
229:Died
199:Born
96:Rev:
92:Obv:
2487:139
1446:'s
1242:in
1078:of
675:by
637:),
611:'s
535:in
531:of
169:of
2712::
2679:.
2568:,
2541:,
2537:,
2489:.
2431:,
2413:.
2407:.
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2234:^
2207:^
2032:.
2015:^
2000:^
1952:^
1904:^
1844:^
1834:.
1792:^
1746:^
1731:^
1716:^
1676:^
1659:^
1634:^
1617:^
1602:^
1524:^
1332:.
1082:.
907:,
760:.
649:,
643:,
521:c.
514:c.
510:r.
294:,
290:,
251:,
243:,
233:c.
220:,
212:,
203:c.
123:c.
2689:.
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2177:.
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2084:.
1994:.
1816:.
1786:.
1710:.
1552:.
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1500:.
1488:.
1476:.
1262:.
950:(
819:(
493:e
486:t
479:v
255:)
224:)
43:.
36:.
20:)
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