Chanakya - Knowledge (XXG)

701:). The army suffered a severe defeat, forcing Chanakya and Chandragupta to flee the battlefield. They reached a lake while being pursued by an enemy officer. Chanakya asked Chandragupta to jump into the lake, and disguised himself as a meditating ascetic. When the enemy soldier reached the lake, he asked the 'ascetic' if he had seen Chandragupta. Chanakya pointed at the lake. As the soldier removed his armour to jump into the lake, Chanakya took his sword and killed him. When Chandragupta came out of the water, Chanakya asked him, "What went through your mind, when I disclosed your location to the enemy?" Chandragupta replied that he trusted his master to make the best decision. This convinced Chanakya that Chandragupta would remain under his influence even after becoming the king. On another occasion, Chanakya similarly escaped the enemy by chasing away a washerman, and disguising himself as one. Once, he cut open the belly of a Brahmin who had just eaten food, and took out the food to feed a hungry Chandragupta. 1127:

responsible for his father's death, but Bhagurayana persuaded him not to harm Rakshasa. Shortly after, Chanakya's spy Siddharthaka pretended to get caught with a fake letter addressed to Chandragupta by Rakshasa. Wearing the jewels given by Rakshasa, he pretended to be an agent of Rakshasa. The letter, sealed with Rakshasa's signet-ring, informed Chandragupta that Rakshasa only wished to replace Chanakya as the prime minister. It also stated that five of Malayaketu's allies were willing to defect to Chandragupta in return for land and wealth. An angry Malayaketu summoned Rakshasa, who arrived wearing Parvata's jewels that Chanakya's agent had sold him. When Malayaketu saw Rakshasa wearing his father's jewels, he was convinced that there was indeed a treacherous plan against him. He executed his five allies in a brutal manner.

772:. Meanwhile, Bindusara learned the detailed circumstances of his birth, and implored Chanakya to resume his ministerial duties. After failing to pacify Chanakya, the emperor ordered Subandhu to convince Chanakya to give up his suicide plan. Subandhu, while pretending to appease Chanakya, burned him to death. Subandhu then took possession of Chanakya's home. Chanakya had anticipated this, and before retiring, he had set up a cursed trap for Subandhu. He had left behind a chest with a hundred locks. Subandhu broke the locks, hoping to find precious jewels. He found a sweet-smelling perfume and immediately inhaled it. But then his eyes fell on a 1131:

executed for refusing to divulge the location of Rakshasa's family. On hearing this, Rakshasa rushed to Pataliputra to surrender and save the life of his loyal friend Chandana-dasa. When he reached Pataliputra, Chanakya, pleased with his loyalty to Chandana-dasa, offered him clemency. Rakshasa pledged allegiance to Chandragupta and agreed to be his prime minister, in return for release of Chandana-dasa and a pardon for Malayaketu. Chanakya then bound his top knot, having achieved his objective, and retired.

1123:

Rakshasa would make a better minister. Meanwhile, Malayaketu had a conversation with Chanakya's spy Bhagurayana while approaching Rakshasa's house. Bhagurayana made Malayaketu distrustful of Rakshasa, by saying that Rakshasa hated only Chanakya, and would be willing to serve Nanda's son Chandragupta. Shortly after this, a messenger came to Rakshasa's house and informed him that Chandragupta had dismissed Chanakya while praising him. This convinced Malayaketu that Rakashasa could not be trusted.

1115:). Chanakya's agent got hold of this signet-ring, and brought it to Chanakya. Using this signet ring, Chanakya sent a letter to Malayaketu warning him that his allies were treacherous. Chanakya also asked some of Chandragupta's princes to fake defection to Malayaketu's camp. In addition, Chanakya ordered Shakata-dasa's murder, but had him 'rescued' by Siddharthaka, a spy pretending to be an agent of Chandana-dasa. Chanakya's spy then took Shakata-dasa to Rakshasa. 45: 618: 874:

and without waking up Chandragupta. Pabbata failed to accomplish this task. Some time later, when Pabbata was sleeping, Chanakya challenged Chandragupta to complete the same task. Chandragupta retrieved the woolen thread by cutting off Pabbata's head. For the next seven years, Chanakya trained Chandragupta for imperial duties. When Chandragupta became an adult, Chanakya dug up his hidden treasure of gold coins, and assembled an army.

963:(gold coins). The imperial minister Shakatala realized what was happening, and had Indradatta's body burnt. But before he could take any action against the fake emperor (Indradatta in Nanda's body, also called Yogananda), the emperor had him arrested. Shakatala and his 100 sons were imprisoned and were given food sufficient only for one person. Shakatala's 100 sons starved to death, so that their father could live to take revenge. 886:), where they killed the Emperor Dhana Nanda. Chanakya ordered a fisherman to find the place where Dhana Nanda had hidden his treasure. As soon as the fishermen informed Chanakya about its location, Chanakya had him killed. Chanakya anointed Chandragupta as the new emperor, and tasked a man named Paṇiyatappa with eliminating rebels and robbers from the empire. 686:(water pot) on it, while remaining seated on the throne. The servant offered him a choice of four more seats, but each time, he kept his various items on the seats, refusing to budge from the throne. Finally, the annoyed servant kicked him off the throne. Enraged, Chanakya vowed to uproot Nanda and his entire establishment, like "a great wind uproots a tree". 890:

empress ate the poisoned morsel. Realizing that she was going to die, Chanakya decided to save the unborn child. He cut off the empress's head and cut open her belly with a sword to take out the foetus. Over the next seven days, he placed the foetus in the belly of a goat freshly killed each day. After seven days, Chandragupta's son was "born". He was named

866:) played the role of a emperor, while other boys pretended to be vassals, ministers, or robbers. The "robbers" were brought before Chandragupta, who ordered their limbs to be cut off, but then miraculously re-attached them. Chandragupta had been born in a royal family, but was brought up by a hunter after his father was killed by an usurper, and the 1004:) until the complete destruction of Nanda. Chanakya made a plan to dethrone Nanda, and replace him with Chandragupta, his son by a lesser empress. Chanakya engineered Chandragupta's alliance with another powerful king Parvateshvara (or Parvata), and the two rulers agreed to divide Nanda's territory after subjugating him. Their allied army included 690:

lady. When Chandragupta grew up, Chanakya came to his village and saw him playing "king" among a group of boys. To test him, Chanakya asked him for a donation. The boy told Chanakya to take the cows nearby, declaring that nobody would disobey his order. This display of power convinced Chanakya that Chandragupta was the one worthy of being a king.

911:, however, mentions a legend about Chanakya and a Brahmin named Subandhu. According to this account, Chanakya was afraid that the wise Subandhu would surpass him at Chandragupta's court. So, he got Chandragupta to imprison Subandhu, whose son Tekicchakani escaped and became a Buddhist monk. The 16th-century Tibetan Buddhist author 878:

scolded him, saying that he was eating food like Chandragupta, who attacked the central part of the empire instead of conquering the border villages first. Chanakya and Chandragupta realized their mistake. They assembled a new army, and started conquering the border villages. Gradually, they advanced to the empire's capital

745:

them by filling the dining room with thick smoke, which caused the monks' eyes to water, washing off the ointment. Chanakya complained about the young monks' behavior to the head monk Acharya Susthita. The Acharya blamed people for not being charitable towards monks, so Chanakya started giving generous alms to the monks.

1047:(poison girl) to assassinate Chandragupta. Chanakya had this girl assassinate Parvata instead, with the blame going to Rakshasa. However, Parvata's son Malayaketu learned the truth about his father's death and defected to Rakshasa's camp. Chanakya's spy Bhagurayana accompanied Malayaketu, pretending to be his friend. 768:

that Chanakya was responsible for the death of his mother. Bindusara confirmed the allegations with the nurses, who told him that Chanakya had cut open the belly of his mother. Bindusara became enraged, and started hating Chanakya. As a result, Chanakya, who had grown very old by this time, retired and decided to

1571:

Radhakrishnan Pillai has written a number of books related to Chanakya — "Chanakya in the Classroom: Life Lessons for Students", "Chanakya Neeti: Strategies for Success", "Chanakya in You", "Chanakya and the Art of War", "Corporate Chanakya", "Corporate Chanakya on Management" and "Corporate Chanakya

1118:

When Shakata-dasa and his 'rescuer' Siddharthaka reached Rakshasa, Siddharthaka presented him the signet-ring, claiming to have found it at Chandana-dasa's home. As a reward, Rakshasa gave him some jewels that Malayaketu had gifted him. Sometime after this, another of Chanakya's agents, disguised as

873:

Chanakya had two potential successors to Dhana Nanda: Pabbata and Chandragupta. He gave each of them an amulet to be worn around the neck with a woolen thread. One day, he decided to test them. While Chandragupta was asleep, he asked Pabbata to remove Chandragupta's woolen thread without breaking it

744:

Once, the empire suffered a 12-year long famine. Two young Jain monks started eating from the emperor's plate, after making themselves invisible with a magic ointment. Chanakya sensed their presence by covering the palace floor with a powder, and tracing their footprints. At the next meal, he caught

736:

Chanakya then started consolidating the power by eliminating Nanda's loyalists, who had been harassing people in various parts of the empire. Chanakya learned about a weaver who would burn any part of his house infested with cockroaches. Chanakya assigned the responsibility of crushing the rebels to

1059:

for Chandragupta's procession to the imperial palace. He arranged the procession to be held at midnight citing astrological reasons, but actually to ensure poor visibility. He then invited Vairodhaka to lead the procession on Chandragupta's elephant, and accompanied by Chandragupta's bodyguards. As

966:

Meanwhile, the fake emperor appointed Vararuchi as his minister. As the emperor's character kept deteriorating, a disgusted Vararuchi retired to a forest as an ascetic. Shakatala was then restored as the minister, but kept planning his revenge. One day, Shakatala came across Chanakya, a Brahmin who

704:

One day, Chanakya and Chandragupta overheard a woman scolding her son. The child had burnt his finger by putting it in the middle of a bowl of hot gruel. The woman told her son that by not starting from the cooler edges, he was being foolish like Chanakya, who attacked the capital before conquering

1122:

Sometime later, Rakshasa sent his spies disguised as musicians to Chandragupta's court. But Chanakya knew all about Rakshasa's plans thanks to his spies. In front of Rakshasa's spies, Chanakya and Chandragupta feigned an angry argument. Chandragupta pretended to dismiss Chanakya, and declared that

1050:

Rakshasa continued to plot Chandragupta's death, but all his plans were foiled by Chanakya. For example, once Rakshasa arranged for assassins to be transported to Chandragupta's bedroom via a tunnel. Chanakya became aware of them by noticing a trail of ants carrying the leftovers of their food. He

767:

After Chandragupta abdicated the throne to become a Jain monk, Chanakya appointed Bindusara as the new emperor. Chanakya asked Bindusara to appoint a man named Subandhu as one of his ministers. However, Subandhu wanted to become a higher minister and grew jealous of Chanakya. So, he told Bindusara

721:

Gradually, Chanakya and Chandragupta subdued all the regions outside the capital. Finally, they captured Pataliputra and Chandragupta became the emperor. They allowed the Emperor Nanda to go into exile, with all the goods he could take on a cart. As Nanda and his family were leaving the city on a

689:

Chanakya knew that he was prophesied to become a power behind the throne. So, he started searching for a person worthy of being a king. While wandering, he did a favour for the pregnant daughter of a village chief, on the condition that her child would belong to him. Chandragupta was born to this

1130:

The rest of Malayaketu's allies deserted him, disgusted at his treatment of the five slayed allies. Rakshasa managed to escape, tracked by Chanakya's spies. One of Chanakya's spies, disguised as a friend of Chandana-dasa, got in touch with him. He told Rakshasa that Chandana-dasa was about to be

1054:

Meanwhile, Parvata's brother Vairodhaka became the ruler of his emperor. Chanakya convinced him that Rakshasa was responsible for killing his brother, and agreed to share half of Nanda's emperor with him. Secretly, however, Chanakya hatched a plan to get Vairodhaka killed. He knew that the chief

970:

Shakatala hosted Chanakya in his own house and treated him with great respect. But the day Chanakya arrived at the imperial court, Shakatala got another Brahmin named Subandhu to preside over the ceremony. Chanakya felt insulted, but Shakatala blamed the emperor for this dishonour. Chanakya then

967:

was uprooting all the grass in his path, because one blade of the grass had pricked his foot. Shakatala realized that he could use a man so vengeful to destroy the fake emperor. He invited Chanakya to the emperor's assembly, promising him 100,000 gold coins for presiding over a ritual ceremony.

877:

The army of Chanadragupta and Chanakya invaded Dhana Nanda's empire, but disbanded after facing a severe defeat. While wandering in disguise, the two men once listened to the conversation between a woman and her son. The child had eaten the middle of a cake, and thrown away the edges. The woman

776:

with a curse written on it. The note declared that anybody who smelled this perfume will have to either become a monk or face death. Subandhu tested the perfume on another man, and then fed him luxurious food (something that the monks abstain from). The man died, and then Subandhu was forced to

889:

Chanakya started mixing small doses of poison in the new emperor's food to make him immune to poisoning attempts by the enemies. Chandragupta, who was not aware of this, once shared the food with his pregnant empress Durdhara, who was seven days away from delivery. Chanakya arrived just as the

748:

Meanwhile, Chandragupta had been patronizing the non-Jain monks. Chanakya decided to prove to him that these men were not worthy of his patronage. He covered the floor of the palace area near the women's rooms with powder and left the non-Jain monks there. Their footprints showed that they had

1110:

In Pataliputra, Chanakya's agent informed him that three Rakshasa loyalists remained in the capital: the Jain monk Jiva-siddhi, the scribe Shakata-dasa and the jewellers' guild chief Chandana-dasa. Of these, Jiva-siddhi was actually a spy of Chanakya, unknown to his other spies. Chandana-dasa

1126:

Malayaketu then decided to invade Pataliputra without Rakshasa by his side. He consulted the Jain monk Jiva-siddhi to decide an auspicious time for beginning the march. Jiva-siddhi, a spy of Chanakya, told him that he could start immediately. Jiva-siddhi also convinced him that Rakshasa was

978:

Shakatala then executed Hiranyagupta, the son of the fake emperor. He anointed Chandragupta, the son of the real emperor Nanda, as the new emperor (in Kshemendra's version, it is Chanakya who installs Chandragupta as the new emperor). Shakatala also appointed Chanakya as the imperial priest

1240:

Arthashastra is serious manual on statecraft, on how to run a state, informed by a higher purpose, clear and precise in its prescriptions, the result of practical experience of running a state. It is not just a normative text but a realist description of the art of running a state.

717:

were removed from the town's temple. As soon as the superstitious defenders removed the idols from the temple, Chanakya ordered his army to end the siege. When the defenders started celebrating their victory, Chanakya's army launched a surprise attack and captured the town.

975:), and vowed not to re-tie it until the emperor was destroyed. The emperor ordered his arrest, but he escaped to Shakatala's house. There, using materials supplied by Shakatala, he performed a magic ritual which made the emperor sick. The king died of a fever after 7 days. 733:(poison girl, assassin). Chanakya approved the marriage, and Parvataka collapsed when he touched the girl during the wedding. Chanakya asked Chandragupta not to call a physician. Thus, Parvataka died and Chandragupta became the sole ruler of Nanda's territories. 659:

Chanakya was born with a full set of teeth. According to the monks, this was a sign that he would become a king in the future. Chanin did not want his son to become haughty, so he broke Chanakya's teeth. The monks prophesied that the baby would go on to become a

861:

s), using a secret technique that allowed him to turn 1 coin into 8 coins. After hiding this money, he started searching for a person worthy of replacing Dhana Nanda. One day, he saw a group of children playing: the young Chandragupta (called Chandagutta in

749:

sneaked up to the windows of the women's rooms to peep inside. The Jain monks, who were assessed using the same method, stayed away from the women's rooms. After seeing this, Chandragupta appointed the Jain monks as his spiritual counsellors.

2753: 2027:

came to be identified with the Mauryan minister, it was altered to Kauṭilya (as it appears in Āryaśūra, Viśākhadatta and Bāna) for the sake of the pun. We must then assume that the later spelling subsequently replaced the earlier in the

737:

this weaver. Soon, the empire was free of insurgents. Chanakya also burned a village that had refused him food in the past. He filled the imperial treasury by inviting rich merchants to his home, getting them drunk and gambling with a

609:

K. C. Ojha proposes that the traditional identification of Vishnugupta with Kauṭilya was caused by a confusion of the text's editor and its originator. He suggests that Vishnugupta was a redactor of the original work of Kauṭilya.

1992:

Mabbett 1964: "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to Vishnugupta, Chanakya and Kautilya. The same individual is meant in each case. The Panchatantra explicitly identifies Chanakya with

997:

version, the Emperor Nanda once removed Chanakya from the "first seat of the empire" (this possibly refers to Chanakya's expulsion from the emperor's assembly). For this reason, Chanakya vowed not to tie his top knot

705:

the bordering regions. Chanakya realized his mistake, and made a new plan to defeat Nanda. He formed an alliance with Parvataka, the king of a mountain kingdom called Himavatkuta, offering him half of Nanda's empire.

1499:

is a fictional account of Chanakya's life as a political strategist in ancient India. The novel relates two parallel stories, the first of Chanakya and his machinations to bring Chandragupta Maurya to the throne of

406:

provides some more details about the legend. Its author is unknown, and it is dated variously from sixth century CE to 13th century CE. Some other texts provide additional details about the legend; for example, the

562:

legend contains narratives not found in other versions of the Chanakya-Chandragupta legend. Because of this difference, Trautmann suggests that most of it is fictional or legendary, without any historical

708:

After securing Parvataka's help, Chanakya and Chandragupta started besieging the cities other than Pataliputra. One particular city offered a strong resistance. Chanakya entered this city disguised as a

820:

and politics. He was born with canine teeth, which were believed to be a mark of royalty. His mother feared that he would neglect her after becoming an emperor. To pacify her, Chanakya broke his teeth.

2761: 192: 870:

caused his mother to abandon him. Astonished by the boy's miraculous powers, Chanakya paid 1000 gold coins to his foster-father, and took Chandragupta away, promising to teach him a trade.

2490: 726:

tradition. As she was getting off the cart, 9 spokes of the cart's wheel broke. Interpreting this as an omen, Chanakya declared that Chandragupta's dynasty would last for 9 generations.

1060:

expected, Rakshasa's loyalists arranged for the arch to fall on who they thought was Chandragupta. Vairodhaka was killed, and once again, the assassination was blamed on Rakshasa.

1258:

Chanakya is regarded as a great thinker and diplomat in India. Many Indian nationalists regard him as one of the earliest people who envisioned a united India spanning the entire

2015:

name, which in conjunction with other evidence makes it clear that we are dealing with two distinct persons, the minister Cāṇakya of legend and Kauṭilya the compiler of the

752:

Chanakya used to mix small doses of poison in Chandragupta's food to make him immune to poisoning attempts. The emperor, unaware of this, once shared his food with Empress

6088: 369:

In all the four versions, Chanakya feels insulted by the Nanda king, and vows to destroy him. After dethroning the Nanda, he installs Chandragupta as the new king.

4242: 1471:

In 2009, many eminent experts discussed the various aspects of Kauṭilya's thought in an International Conference held at the Oriental Research Institute in

756:. Chanakya entered the room at the instant she died. He cut open the dead empress's belly and took out the baby. The baby, who had been touched by a drop (" 6138: 6128: 3002: 4673: 5032: 2551: 452:

literature (legends and anecdotes) composed between the late first century CE and mid-8th century CE. These legends are contained in the commentaries (

6133: 5217: 1335:. Later, with help from Chanakya and Katyayan (the former Prime Minister of Magadha), Chandragupta defeats Nanda, who is put to death by Chanakya. 1273:

for its precise and timeless descriptions of power. Furthermore, he recommended reading of the book for broadening the vision on strategic issues.

676:, who was famous for his generosity towards Brahmins. While waiting for the emperor at the imperial court, Chanakya sat on the emperor's throne. A 5825: 5127: 5246: 558:. Therefore, it could not have been composed before the Gupta era. It is dated variously from the late fourth century to the eighth century. The 6153: 6143: 5234: 4209: 2953: 2919: 2733: 2651: 2055: 1812: 1563: 1543: 2826: 1430: 1378: 592:

or clan name, except for one verse that refers to him by the personal name of Vishnugupta. Kauṭilya is presumably the name of the author's

239:, a text dated to roughly between the fourth century BCE and the third century CE. As such, he is considered the pioneer of the field of 5935: 5845: 693:

Chanakya took Chandragupta to conquer Pataliputra, the capital of Nanda. He assembled an army using the wealth he had acquired through

251:

in the sixth century CE and not rediscovered until the early 20th century. Around 321 BCE, Chanakya assisted the first Mauryan emperor

4235: 2527: 2153: 1694: 1172: 280:

There is little documented historical information about Chanakya: most of what is known about him comes from semi-legendary accounts.

2474: 836:) to attend this ceremony. Disgusted by his appearance, the emperor ordered him to be thrown out of the assembly. Chanakya broke his 2878: 2682: 2627: 1263: 1251: 3410: 6163: 5905: 4355: 1285: 6173: 4861: 4712: 2995: 1953:, p. 5: "the very last verse of the work... is the unique instance of the personal name Vishnugupta rather than the 6158: 6062: 5915: 4801: 3342: 2696: 1321:

Several modern adaptations of the legend of Chanakya narrate his story in a semi-fictional form, extending these legends. In

2775: 1504:; the second, that of a modern-day character called Gangasagar Mishra who makes it his ambition to position a slum child as 2573:

Ray, Dwijendralal (1969). "Bhumika: Aitihasikata" [Preface: Historic References]. In Bandyopadhyay, Sukumar (ed.).

6102: 5975: 5197: 4228: 4044: 668:, and married a Brahmin woman. Her relatives mocked her for being married to a poor man. This motivated Chanakya to visit 6178: 6000: 5995: 5689: 4727: 4360: 4144: 3743: 3623: 3608: 6148: 6015: 6010: 5795: 3568: 523:. The Chanakya-Chandragupta legend in these collections features another character, named Shakatala (IAST: Śakaṭāla). 2974: 2420: 901:

The earliest Buddhist legends do not mention Chanakya in their description of the Mauryan dynasty after this point.

4997: 4987: 4680: 4340: 3713: 2988: 1403: 3512: 2019:. Furthermore, this throws the balance of evidence in favor of the view that the second name was originally spelt 5044: 4572: 3889: 3573: 3475: 3050: 3045: 20: 1207:

is actually a compilation of a number of earlier texts written by various authors, and Chanakya might have been

5885: 3529: 3109: 2754:"Bharatiya Samskrutige Chanakyana Kodugegalu Part 1 – Shatavadhani Dr.R.Ganesh — Spiritual Bangalore" 3151: 2801: 1512: 1483:. Most of the papers presented in the Conference have been compiled in an edited volume by Raj Kumar Sen and 1063:

Malayaketu and Rakshasa then formed an alliance with five kings: Chiravarman of Kauluta (Kulu), Meghaksha of

840:

in anger, and cursed the emperor. The emperor ordered his arrest, but Chanakya escaped in the disguise of an

5865: 5785: 5599: 5202: 4791: 4702: 4069: 3789: 3769: 3459: 1505: 1426: 1415: 1196: 1192: 722:

cart, his daughter saw Chandragupta, and fell in love with the new emperor. She chose him as her husband by

661: 255:

in his rise to power and is widely credited for having played an important role in the establishment of the

3486: 915:

mentions Chanakya as one of Bindusara's "great lords". According to him, Chanakya destroyed the nobles and

6168: 5192: 5172: 5059: 5022: 4692: 4320: 4034: 3470: 3195: 1372: 1351: 1281: 5112: 2971:

English translation by R. Shamasastry 1956 (revised edition with IAST diacritics and interwoven glossary)

919:

of 16 towns and made Bindusara the master of all the territory between the eastern and the western seas (

5346: 5301: 4707: 3247: 2860: 1346: 1164: 773: 5162: 3114: 2543: 2485: 2483: 2449: 5855: 5735: 5504: 5326: 5311: 5152: 5079: 4771: 4732: 4717: 4251: 3633: 2934:

Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: a statistical investigation of the authorship and evolution of the text

1519:

Kauṭilya's role in the formation of the Maurya Empire is the essence of a historical/spiritual novel

1363: 476:

believes that the Jain version is older and more consistent than the Buddhist version of the legend.

6045: 5960: 5925: 5895: 5815: 5341: 5281: 5089: 4602: 4522: 3979: 3919: 3854: 3693: 3588: 3493: 3267: 3191: 3025: 2870: 1772: 1527: 1491: 1332: 1323: 1259: 597: 260: 252: 244: 3834: 6057: 6052: 6035: 6030: 5499: 5007: 4944: 3884: 3304: 3134: 2834: 1666: 1266: 1247: 5489: 3441: 2968: 844:. He befriended Dhananada's son Pabbata, and instigated him to seize the throne. With help of a 378:

The legend of Chanakya and Chandragupta is detailed in the Pali-language Buddhist chronicles of

3849: 2393: 1804:

Between the Patterns of History: Rethinking Mauryan Imperial Interaction in the Southern Deccan

1744:

A Western perspective of Kauṭilya's Arthashastra: does it provide a basis for economic science?

1726: 648:(district). The identity of "Golla" is not certain, but Hemachandra states that Chanakya was a 6123: 6020: 5965: 5805: 5594: 5484: 5256: 5182: 5157: 5074: 4959: 4761: 3864: 3819: 3688: 3465: 3434: 3011: 2949: 2943: 2915: 2911: 2874: 2737: 2729: 2678: 2647: 2623: 2523: 2149: 2137: 2051: 2045: 1808: 1690: 1658: 1559: 1539: 1419: 1200: 1040: 543: 323: 240: 44: 1802: 1386:

is a biographical series on the life of Chandragupta Maurya and Chanakya, and is produced by

6025: 5955: 5725: 5644: 5639: 5629: 5564: 5539: 5474: 5464: 5434: 5414: 5404: 5271: 5266: 5224: 5167: 4964: 4647: 4642: 4617: 4562: 4537: 4089: 3723: 3668: 3658: 3446: 3380: 3309: 3090: 3082: 2928: 2896:, vol. II: Inscriptions and Sravana Belgola, Bangalore: Mysore Government Central Press 2517: 1650: 1328: 1068: 959:

powers, Indradatta entered Nanda's body and granted Vararuchi's request for 10 million gold

955:(guru's fee) from Emperor Nanda. As they arrived to meet Nanda, the emperor died. Using his 825: 649: 495: 473: 339: 281: 4129: 3200: 6082: 5755: 5674: 5634: 5604: 5589: 5554: 5549: 5519: 5494: 5479: 5454: 5439: 5374: 5351: 5336: 5321: 5306: 5177: 5132: 5117: 5107: 4929: 4924: 4781: 4776: 4756: 4744: 4039: 3944: 3909: 3784: 3683: 3359: 3277: 3252: 3174: 2425:. Translated by Davis, Miles; Murthy, V. Badarayana. Ram Kumar Press. 1981. Archived from 2141: 1758:

Sihag, B.S. 2007. Kauṭilya on institutions, governance, knowledge, ethics and prosperity.

1184: 1072: 4099: 617: 388:, the oldest of these chronicles. The earliest Buddhist source to mention the legend is 6072: 5980: 5970: 5699: 5574: 5559: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5469: 5444: 5399: 5379: 5241: 5212: 5187: 5142: 5122: 5084: 5039: 4919: 4909: 4766: 4597: 4410: 4114: 4064: 4054: 3703: 3598: 3480: 3423: 3393: 3284: 3262: 3215: 3035: 2176: 1484: 1480: 1455: 1355: 1160: 1076: 1056: 1013: 462: 124: 50: 3141: 1344:

The story of Chanakya and Chandragupta was portrayed in the 1977 Telugu film entitled

6117: 6005: 5835: 5745: 5694: 5664: 5654: 5584: 5579: 5569: 5429: 5419: 5409: 5384: 5251: 5229: 5147: 5054: 5027: 5012: 4954: 4637: 3563: 3536: 3399: 3386: 3373: 3327: 3272: 2907:

A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century

2901: 2887: 1496: 1411: 1391: 1301: 1188: 1080: 1055:

architect of Pataliputra was a Rakshasa loyalist. He asked this architect to build a

924: 852: 837: 797: 611: 547: 534: 359: 352: 256: 136: 93: 3159: 1203:

in detail. The text also outlines the duties of a ruler. Some scholars believe that

841: 5985: 5669: 5659: 5649: 5514: 5509: 5449: 5424: 5394: 5389: 5296: 5291: 5137: 5017: 4751: 4687: 4557: 4547: 4542: 4461: 4451: 4395: 4285: 4149: 4109: 4009: 3994: 3728: 3558: 3366: 3299: 3184: 3179: 3040: 1476: 1383: 1277: 1270: 1147: 1141: 1111:

sheltered Rakshasa's wife, who once unknowingly dropped her husband's signet-ring (

952: 714: 602: 580: 573: 555: 248: 235: 147: 141: 55: 4059: 3129: 2704: 2932: 2905: 2891: 2864: 2641: 2170: 1743: 1684: 5684: 5679: 5614: 5609: 5459: 5331: 5286: 5276: 5069: 5064: 5002: 4939: 4722: 4697: 4622: 4582: 4552: 4527: 4507: 4486: 4466: 4446: 4436: 4405: 4270: 4189: 4079: 4024: 3829: 3653: 3613: 3603: 3405: 3220: 3104: 1582: 1029: 920: 879: 845: 829: 813: 738: 730: 682:(slave woman) courteously offered Chanakya the next seat, but Chanakya kept his 673: 669: 653: 642:) named Chanin and Chaneshvari. His birthplace was the Chanaka village in Golla 551: 539: 513: 442: 430: 409: 328: 243:

and economics in India, and his work is thought of as an important precursor to

214: 108: 89: 75: 69: 4119: 503:

Sanskrit collections of legends. Both are based on a now-lost Prakrit-language

259:. Chanakya served as the chief advisor and Prime Minister of the both emperors 6067: 5875: 5775: 5624: 5544: 5316: 5207: 5049: 4992: 4969: 4934: 4883: 4873: 4841: 4786: 4612: 4592: 4517: 4481: 4385: 4370: 4295: 4139: 4029: 3984: 3959: 3899: 3894: 3844: 3764: 3738: 3673: 3504: 3499: 3452: 3429: 3257: 3205: 2148:. Translated by Rosalind Lefeber. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 204–206. 1387: 1305: 1044: 1033: 935:

The Kashmiri version of the legend goes like this: Vararuchi (identified with

907: 902: 857: 833: 769: 723: 490: 415: 1709:

L. K. Jha, K. N. Jha (1998). "Chanakya: the pioneer economist of the world",

1662: 1331:, the Nanda king exiles his half-brother Chandragupta, who joins the army of 985:). Having achieved his revenge, he then retired to the forest as an ascetic. 832:

organized an alms-giving ceremony for Brahmins. Chanakya went to Pupphapura (

429:

The Chandragupta-Chanakya legend is mentioned in several commentaries of the

5765: 5704: 5261: 4904: 4831: 4816: 4737: 4657: 4652: 4577: 4532: 4512: 4491: 4476: 4456: 4441: 4305: 4265: 4164: 3999: 3824: 3799: 3718: 3678: 3663: 3618: 3416: 3337: 3210: 2422:

Sri Chanakya Niti-shastra; the Political Ethics of Chanakya Pandit Hardcover

1398: 936: 912: 891: 761: 508: 390: 384: 379: 306: 264: 218: 176: 112: 3939: 3164: 1526:

Chanakya's contribution to the cultural heritage of Bharat (in Kannada) by

584:

has been traditionally attributed to Chanakya by a number of scholars. The

433:

canon. The most well-known version of the Jain legend is contained in the

419:

give the names of the nine Nanda kings said to have preceded Chandragupta.

181: 6040: 5619: 5356: 4949: 4914: 4888: 4868: 4632: 4587: 4471: 4375: 4365: 4330: 4300: 4169: 4159: 4049: 3989: 3934: 3779: 3774: 3733: 3698: 3583: 3578: 3332: 3169: 2426: 1475:(India) to celebrate the centenary of discovery of the manuscript of the 1367:

is an archetypal account of the life and times of Chanakya, based on the

1222: 1084: 1017: 1005: 981: 828:, accentuated by his broken teeth and crooked feet. One day, the Emperor 785: 753: 710: 683: 638: 519: 202: 4084: 2596: 6077: 5990: 4878: 4846: 4836: 4607: 4567: 4400: 4325: 4310: 4290: 4220: 4179: 4174: 4154: 4094: 4074: 4014: 3964: 3954: 3904: 3879: 3869: 3859: 3804: 3638: 3518: 3289: 3242: 3119: 3094: 3030: 2582: 2146:

The Clever Adulteress and Other Stories: A Treasury of Jaina Literature

1501: 1226: 1096: 948: 809: 694: 644: 614:

suggests that Chanakya and Kauṭilya may have been two different people.

500: 446: 284:

identifies four distinct accounts of the ancient Chanakya-Chandragupta

206: 120: 104: 32: 2741: 1670: 1407:, features Chanakya during the reign of Chandragupta's son, Bindusara. 4826: 4627: 4415: 4390: 4380: 4350: 4335: 4184: 4134: 4124: 4019: 4004: 3924: 3914: 3874: 3814: 3809: 3794: 3759: 3708: 3628: 3294: 3124: 3065: 2491:"India needs to develop its own doctrine for strategic autonomy: NSA" 1727:

Kauṭilya's Arthashastra: A neglected precursor to classical economics

1472: 1289: 1168: 1104: 1100: 1092: 1064: 1043:

escaped Pataliputra, and continued resisting the invaders. He sent a

1025: 1021: 1009: 867: 848:

given by the prince, Chanakya fled the palace through a secret door.

713:

mendicant, and declared that the siege would end if the idols of the

222: 210: 116: 2980: 2475:

Indian History Sourcebook: Kautilya: from the Arthashastra c. 250 BC

1654: 636:

According to the Jain account, Chanakya was born to two lay Jains (

4856: 4345: 4280: 4199: 4194: 4104: 3974: 3929: 3839: 3643: 3593: 3542: 3523: 3099: 3060: 2030: 2011: 1979: 1088: 1000: 972: 960: 940: 817: 616: 593: 589: 1516:

by Satyarth Nayak features popular episodes from Chanakya's life.

1032:(Kusumapura) and defeated the Nandas. Parvata is identified with 394:, which is generally dated between fifth and sixth centuries CE. 4851: 4275: 4204: 3969: 3949: 3055: 2726:

The Courtesan and the Sadhu, A Novel about Maya, Dharma, and God

1288:

and Chanakya Institute of Public Leadership. Chanakya circle in

1212: 956: 944: 916: 801: 800:

who preceded Chandragupta were robbers-turned-rulers. Chanakya (

678: 4224: 2984: 1458:

and Rajkumar Sen deals with the economic concepts mentioned in

4420: 4315: 2138:"The Minister Cāṇakya, from the Pariśiṣtaparvan of Hemacandra" 1749:. Brisbane: School of Economics, The University of Queensland. 1747:

Economic Theory, Applications and Issues Working Paper No. 18

1973:, p. 10: "while in his character as author of an 2548:

Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses

1530:

with the title Bharatada Samskrutige Chanakyana Kodugegalu.

2376: 2374: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2327: 2325: 2288: 2286: 2273: 2271: 2234: 2232: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2007:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 48–49

1874: 1872: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1280:

in honour of Chanakya. Institutes named after him include

233:, who authored the ancient Indian political treatise, the 2009:, 1968, pp. 17 ff.) has now shown that Cāṇakya is also a 1621: 1619: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1300:

Chanakya uses different terms to describe war other than

600:

to identify Chanakya with Vishnugupta explicitly was the

2685:, Deep& Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2006 2005:, p. 67: "T. Burrow ("Cāṇakya and Kauṭalya", 1451:, each of which has been translated and commented upon. 1051:

then arranged for the assassins to be burned to death.

2776:"Chanakya in the Classroom: Life Lessons for Students" 1641:

Mabbett, I. W. (1964). "The Date of the Arthaśāstra".

729:

Meanwhile, Parvataka fell in love with one of Nanda's

2544:"Workshop on Kautilya: Creating Strategic Vocabulary" 2620:

Ancient Indian Economic Thought, Relevance for Today

939:), Indradatta and Vyadi were three disciples of the 225:, and politician. He is traditionally identified as 5948: 5717: 5365: 5098: 4978: 4897: 4809: 4800: 4666: 4500: 4429: 4258: 3752: 3551: 3351: 3320: 3235: 3150: 3081: 3074: 3018: 1371:The titular role of the same name was portrayed by 1225:, said to be selected by Chanakya from the various 162: 154: 131: 100: 83: 63: 30: 2497:. New Delhi. Press Trust of India. 18 October 2012 1394:portrays the character of Chanakya in this series. 784:– Chanakya accompanied Chandragupta to forest for 2044:Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri (1988). 1238: 1119:a jeweller, sold Parvata's jewels to Rakshasa. 1079:. This allied army also included soldiers from 855:forest. There, he made 800 million gold coins ( 19:"Kautilya" redirects here. For other use, see 4236: 2996: 2585:: Modern Book Agency. pp. Preface–10–14. 2262: 1926: 1796: 1794: 1276:The diplomatic enclave in New Delhi is named 550:. Its date is uncertain, but it mentions the 8: 4742: 2415: 2413: 2179:. Calcutta: Asiatic Society. pp. 67–68. 2172:Sthavir̂aval̂i charita, or, Pariśishtaparvan 1725:Waldauer, C., Zahka, W.J. and Pal, S. 1996. 1418:, in the historical-drama television series 4678: 568:Identification with Kauṭilya or Vishnugupta 4806: 4243: 4229: 4221: 3078: 3003: 2989: 2981: 2673:Raj Kumar Sen & Ratan Lal Basu (eds): 2516:Yelegaonkar, Dr Shrikant (23 April 2015). 2316: 1914: 247:. His works were lost near the end of the 68:375 BCE, Chanaka village in Golla region, 43: 27: 2380: 2365: 2348: 2331: 2304: 2292: 2277: 2250: 2238: 2223: 2206: 2123: 2106: 2089: 2070: 2002: 1970: 1950: 1938: 1902: 1890: 1878: 1863: 1851: 1839: 1711:International Journal of Social Economics 1649:(2). American Oriental Society: 162–169. 1636: 1634: 1625: 1610: 1462:and their relevance for the modern world. 894:because his body was spotted with drops ( 1689:. Routledge. 9 August 2017. p. 56. 1643:Journal of the American Oriental Society 1538:. Wisdom Village Publications Division. 1264:India's former National Security Advisor 554:, who invaded northern India during the 445:. Hemachandra's account is based on the 290: 135:Prominent role in the foundation of the 5826:Reflections on the Revolution in France 1594: 1556:Kautilya: The True Founder of Economics 2695:Srinivasaraju, Sugata (27 July 2009). 2448:Srinivasaraju, Sugata (27 July 2009). 1139:Two books are attributed to Chanakya: 796:According to the Buddhist legend, the 672:, and seek donations from the Emperor 2977:: English translation by Miles Davis. 2630:, Rawat Publications, New Delhi, 2008 2023:, and that after the compiler of the 788:, once Bindusara became the emperor. 780:According to another Jain text – the 588:identifies its author as Kauṭilya, a 441:, written by the 12th-century writer 201:; 375–283 BCE) was an ancient Indian 49:Chanakya as depicted on the cover of 16:Ancient Indian polymath (375–283 BCE) 7: 2398:. Translated by Shamasastry, R. 1905 2189: 2050:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 148. 1550:, a political commentary on Chanakya 1429:, in the historical drama TV series 1163:in an uncatalogued group of ancient 1159:was discovered in 1905 by librarian 5936:The End of History and the Last Man 5846:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 2942:Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (2005), 2618:Ratan Lal Basu & Rajkumar Sen: 2581:] (in Bengali) (4th ed.). 1977:he is generally referred to by his 1354:played the role of Chanakya, while 664:. Chanakya grew up to be a learned 652:, implying that he was a native of 363:, a Sanskrit play by Vishakhadatta 6139:Hindu philosophers and theologians 6129:4th-century BC Indian philosophers 2554:from the original on 29 March 2013 2519:Chanakya's Views on Administration 1534:Pavan Choudary (2 February 2009). 1173:Oriental Research Institute Mysore 507:, which was based on the now-lost 14: 2866:Chandragupta Maurya and his times 943:Varsha. Once, on behalf of their 499:by Somadeva are two 11th-century 127:of the Chandragupta Maurya Empire 5906:The Open Society and Its Enemies 1733:, Vol. XXXI, No. 1, pp. 101–108. 1443:An English-language book titled 1286:Chanakya National Law University 6134:Ancient Indian military writers 4713:Family as a model for the state 2728:, October 2008, Dharma Vision, 1801:Namita Sanjay Sugandhi (2008). 816:). He was well-versed in three 6063:Separation of church and state 5961:Collectivism and individualism 5916:The Origins of Totalitarianism 3343:Progressive utilization theory 2827:"Books - Radhakrishnan Pillai" 2800:Sethi, Vinay (December 2015). 1558:, Vitasta Publishing Pvt.Ltd, 777:become a monk to avoid death. 574:Arthashastra § Authorship 460:s) on canonical texts such as 1: 6154:People from the Maurya Empire 6144:Indian political philosophers 6103:Category:Political philosophy 5976:Critique of political economy 2047:Age of the Nandas and Mauryas 622: 6001:Institutional discrimination 5996:History of political thought 4728:Negative and positive rights 2598:Chanakya Chandragupta (1977) 2136:Motilal Banarsidass (1993). 1554:Sihag, Balbir Singh (2014), 760:") of the poison, was named 596:(clan). One of the earliest 6011:Justification for the state 5796:Two Treatises of Government 2575:Dwijendralaler Chandragupta 1777:National Geographic Society 1536:Chanakya's Political Wisdom 1221:, which is a collection of 1028:soldiers. The army invaded 182: 6195: 4681:Bellum omnium contra omnes 2579:Chandragupta by Dwindralal 1468:(2001) by B. K. Chaturvedi 1404:Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat 1358:portrayed as Chandragupta. 1292:has been named after him. 947:Varsha, they travelled to 571: 18: 6098: 2945:History of Indian Theatre 2675:Economics in Arthashastra 2640:B. K. Chaturvedi (2001). 1686:Transaction and Hierarchy 1252:National Security Advisor 546:") is a Sanskrit play by 382:. It is not mentioned in 42: 21:Chanakya (disambiguation) 5886:The Revolt of the Masses 3530:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 2646:. Diamond Pocket Books. 851:Chanakya escaped to the 505:Brihatkatha-Sarit-Sagara 6164:Preclassical economists 5866:The Communist Manifesto 4792:Tyranny of the majority 4703:Consent of the governed 3460:Samkhyapravachana Sutra 2522:. Lulu.com. p. 8. 2395:Kautilya's Arthashastra 1521:Courtesan and the Sadhu 1506:Prime Minister of India 1447:contains 216 sutras on 1425:Chanakya was played by 1410:Chanakya was played by 1197:international relations 1039:Nanda's prime minister 770:starve himself to death 662:power behind the throne 53:'s 1915 translation of 6174:Theoretical historians 4743: 4693:Clash of civilizations 4679: 3196:Early Buddhist schools 2758:spiritualbangalore.com 2477:Retrieved 19 June 2012 2034:lists and elsewhere.'" 1731:Indian Economic Review 1445:Chanakya on Management 1382:, a 2011 TV series on 1373:Chandraprakash Dwivedi 1352:Akkineni Nageswara Rao 1282:Training Ship Chanakya 1243: 1211:of these authors (see 1167:donated by an unknown 1161:Rudrapatna Shamasastry 1153:Chanakya Neeti-shastra 628: 621:Dhana Nanda's empire, 294:Version of the legend 276:Sources of information 6159:4th-century BC Hindus 4708:Divine right of kings 2969:Kautilya Arthashastra 2861:Mookerji, Radha Kumud 1957:name Kautilya in the 1523:by Mysore N. Prakash. 1513:The Emperor's Riddles 1347:Chanakya Chandragupta 1165:palm-leaf manuscripts 620: 528:Mudrarakshasa version 5856:Democracy in America 5235:political philosophy 5218:political philosophy 5033:political philosophy 4862:political philosophy 4772:Separation of powers 4733:Night-watchman state 4718:Monopoly on violence 4252:Political philosophy 3634:Brihadratha Ikshvaku 3471:Sarvadarsanasangraha 3248:Acintya bheda abheda 2975:Chanakya Nitishastra 2929:Trautmann, Thomas R. 2893:Epigraphia Carnatica 2169:Hemachandra (1891). 1304:(just war), such as 1296:Chanakyan vocabulary 1075:, and Sindhusena of 989:Mudrarakshasa legend 971:untied his topknot ( 598:Sanskrit literatures 435:Sthaviravali-Charita 345:Brihat-Katha-Manjari 205:who was active as a 158:Position established 6179:Chandragupta Maurya 6046:Right-wing politics 5926:A Theory of Justice 5896:The Road to Serfdom 5816:The Social Contract 4523:Christian democracy 3694:Dayananda Saraswati 3268:Nimbarka Sampradaya 3192:Buddhist philosophy 2871:Motilal Banarsidass 2806:corporatecitizen.in 2802:"Corporate Citizen" 2319:, pp. 227–230. 1528:Shatavadhani Ganesh 1431:Chandragupta Maurya 1379:Chandragupta Maurya 1361:The 1991 TV series 1339:Film and television 1333:Alexander the Great 1269:praised Chanakya's 898:) of goat's blood. 699:dhatuvada-visaradan 487:Brihatkatha-Manjari 402:), a commentary on 310:and its commentary 261:Chandragupta Maurya 245:classical economics 6149:Military theorists 6058:Political violence 6053:Political theology 6036:Left-wing politics 6031:Political spectrum 3305:Pashupata Shaivism 3135:Pashupata Shaivism 2707:on 12 October 2012 2697:"Year of the Guru" 2495:The Economic Times 2450:"Year of the Guru" 2263:Upinder Singh 2016 1927:Upinder Singh 2016 1807:. pp. 88–89. 1742:Tisdell, C. 2003. 1716:(2–4), p. 267–282. 1454:A book written by 1438:Books and academia 1327:(1911), a play by 1312:In Popular Culture 1267:Shiv Shankar Menon 1248:Shiv Shankar Menon 1183:, which discusses 1071:, Pushkaraksha of 1036:by some scholars. 629: 468:Avashyaka Niryukti 439:Parishishta-Parvan 396:Vamsatthappakasini 312:Vamsatthappakasini 78:(Buddhist legends) 6111: 6110: 6021:Philosophy of law 5966:Conflict theories 5806:The Spirit of Law 5713: 5712: 4762:Original position 4218: 4217: 4070:Pratītyasamutpāda 3231: 3230: 3012:Indian philosophy 2955:978-81-7017-430-1 2921:978-93-325-6996-6 2912:Pearson Education 2780:Rupa Publications 2734:978-0-9818237-0-6 2653:978-81-7182-143-3 2307:, pp. 36–37. 2057:978-81-208-0466-1 1905:, pp. 41–43. 1814:978-0-549-74441-2 1565:978-81-925354-9-4 1545:978-81-906555-0-7 993:According to the 905:'s commentary on 367: 366: 335:Kashmiri version 324:Parishishtaparvan 302:Buddhist version 241:political science 170: 169: 6186: 6026:Political ethics 6016:Machiavellianism 5956:Authoritarianism 5941: 5931: 5921: 5911: 5901: 5891: 5881: 5871: 5861: 5851: 5841: 5831: 5821: 5811: 5801: 5791: 5781: 5771: 5761: 5751: 5741: 5731: 4807: 4748: 4684: 4674:Balance of power 4648:Social democracy 4643:Social Darwinism 4618:Multiculturalism 4563:Environmentalism 4538:Communitarianism 4245: 4238: 4231: 4222: 3724:Satyakama Jabala 3659:Akshapada Gotama 3609:Gārgī Vāchaknavī 3589:Vāchaspati Misra 3447:Nyayakusumanjali 3381:Bhagavata Purana 3338:Radical Humanism 3310:Shaiva Siddhanta 3079: 3051:Vedic philosophy 3005: 2998: 2991: 2982: 2958: 2938: 2924: 2897: 2883: 2869:(4th ed.), 2847: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2833:. Archived from 2831:www.crossword.in 2823: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2764:on 2 March 2014. 2760:. Archived from 2750: 2744: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2703:. Archived from 2692: 2686: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2637: 2631: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2601:, 25 August 1977 2593: 2587: 2586: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2487: 2478: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2417: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2369: 2363: 2352: 2346: 2335: 2329: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2281: 2275: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2227: 2221: 2210: 2204: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2175:. Translated by 2166: 2160: 2159: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2110: 2104: 2093: 2087: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2041: 2035: 2000: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1983:name, Kautilya." 1968: 1962: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1893:, p. 31–33. 1888: 1882: 1876: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1798: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1779:. 20 August 2020 1773:"Mauryan Empire" 1769: 1763: 1756: 1750: 1740: 1734: 1723: 1717: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1638: 1629: 1623: 1614: 1608: 1568: 1549: 1492:Chanakya's Chant 1329:Dwijendralal Ray 1254: 1151:, also known as 882:(Pāṭaliputta in 824:Chanakya had an 812:from Takkāsila ( 627: 624: 496:Kathasaritsagara 481:Kashmiri version 474:Thomas Trautmann 410:Maha-Bodhi-Vamsa 373:Buddhist version 340:Kathasaritsagara 314:(Pali language) 291: 282:Thomas Trautmann 200: 199: 198: 197: 195: 185: 47: 28: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6184: 6183: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6094: 6083:Totalitarianism 5944: 5939: 5929: 5919: 5909: 5899: 5889: 5879: 5869: 5859: 5849: 5839: 5829: 5819: 5809: 5799: 5789: 5779: 5769: 5759: 5756:Treatise on Law 5749: 5739: 5729: 5709: 5367: 5361: 5100: 5094: 4980: 4974: 4893: 4796: 4782:State of nature 4777:Social contract 4757:Ordered liberty 4745:Noblesse oblige 4662: 4496: 4425: 4254: 4249: 4219: 4214: 4040:Parameshashakti 3748: 3684:Ramana Maharshi 3569:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 3547: 3513:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 3487:Tattvacintāmaṇi 3360:Abhinavabharati 3347: 3316: 3290:Sikh Philosophy 3278:Vishishtadvaita 3227: 3146: 3070: 3014: 3009: 2965: 2956: 2941: 2927: 2922: 2900: 2886: 2881: 2859: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2840: 2838: 2837:on 28 June 2017 2825: 2824: 2820: 2810: 2808: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2724: 2720: 2710: 2708: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2672: 2668: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2617: 2613: 2604: 2602: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2500: 2498: 2489: 2488: 2481: 2472: 2468: 2458: 2456: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2429:on 16 July 2014 2419: 2418: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2379: 2372: 2364: 2355: 2347: 2338: 2330: 2323: 2317:Varadpande 2005 2315: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2284: 2276: 2269: 2261: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2230: 2222: 2213: 2205: 2196: 2188: 2184: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2156: 2142:Phyllis Granoff 2135: 2134: 2130: 2122: 2113: 2105: 2096: 2088: 2077: 2069: 2065: 2058: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1987: 1969: 1965: 1949: 1945: 1937: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1915:Varadpande 2005 1913: 1909: 1901: 1897: 1889: 1885: 1877: 1870: 1862: 1858: 1850: 1846: 1838: 1829: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1800: 1799: 1792: 1782: 1780: 1771: 1770: 1766: 1757: 1753: 1741: 1737: 1724: 1720: 1708: 1704: 1697: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1640: 1639: 1632: 1624: 1617: 1609: 1596: 1591: 1579: 1572:on Leadership". 1566: 1553: 1546: 1533: 1440: 1341: 1319: 1314: 1298: 1256: 1245: 1236: 1137: 1067:, Narasimha of 991: 933: 931:Kashmiri legend 826:ugly appearance 794: 792:Buddhist legend 774:birch bark note 634: 625: 576: 570: 530: 483: 426: 398:(also known as 375: 278: 273: 193: 191: 190: 189: 188: 166:Chanak (father) 145: 139: 96: 79: 73: 72:(Jain legends); 59: 38: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6192: 6190: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6116: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6073:Social justice 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5981:Egalitarianism 5978: 5973: 5971:Contractualism 5968: 5963: 5958: 5952: 5950: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5942: 5932: 5922: 5912: 5902: 5892: 5882: 5872: 5862: 5852: 5842: 5832: 5822: 5812: 5802: 5792: 5782: 5772: 5762: 5752: 5742: 5732: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5238: 5237: 5227: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5104: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4984: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4813: 4811: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4767:Overton window 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4676: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4598:Libertarianism 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4240: 4233: 4225: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4115:Shabda Brahman 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4065:Pratibimbavada 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3756: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3704:Vedanta Desika 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3599:Gautama Buddha 3596: 3594:Uddalaka Aruni 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3533: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3497: 3490: 3483: 3481:Tarka-Sangraha 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3424:Mimamsa Sutras 3420: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3396: 3394:Buddhist texts 3391: 3384: 3377: 3370: 3363: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3189: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3076: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3008: 3007: 3000: 2993: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2972: 2964: 2963:External links 2961: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2939: 2925: 2920: 2902:Singh, Upinder 2898: 2888:Rice, B. Lewis 2884: 2879: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2818: 2792: 2767: 2745: 2718: 2687: 2666: 2652: 2632: 2611: 2588: 2565: 2535: 2529:978-1329082809 2528: 2508: 2479: 2473:Paul Halsall. 2466: 2440: 2409: 2385: 2381:Trautmann 1971 2370: 2366:Trautmann 1971 2353: 2349:Trautmann 1971 2336: 2332:Trautmann 1971 2321: 2309: 2305:Trautmann 1971 2297: 2293:Trautmann 1971 2282: 2278:Trautmann 1971 2267: 2265:, p. 331. 2255: 2251:Trautmann 1971 2243: 2239:Trautmann 1971 2228: 2224:Trautmann 1971 2211: 2207:Trautmann 1971 2194: 2182: 2177:Hermann Jacobi 2161: 2155:978-8120811508 2154: 2128: 2124:Trautmann 1971 2111: 2107:Trautmann 1971 2094: 2090:Trautmann 1971 2075: 2071:Trautmann 1971 2063: 2056: 2036: 2003:Trautmann 1971 1995: 1985: 1971:Trautmann 1971 1963: 1951:Trautmann 1971 1943: 1939:Trautmann 1971 1931: 1919: 1917:, p. 223. 1907: 1903:Trautmann 1971 1895: 1891:Trautmann 1971 1883: 1879:Trautmann 1971 1868: 1866:, pp. 18. 1864:Trautmann 1971 1856: 1852:Trautmann 1971 1844: 1840:Trautmann 1971 1827: 1813: 1790: 1764: 1751: 1735: 1718: 1702: 1696:978-1351393966 1695: 1676: 1655:10.2307/597102 1630: 1626:Trautmann 1971 1615: 1611:Trautmann 1971 1593: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1551: 1544: 1531: 1524: 1517: 1509: 1488: 1485:Ratan Lal Basu 1481:R. Shamasastry 1469: 1463: 1456:Ratan Lal Basu 1452: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1423: 1408: 1395: 1375: 1369:Mudrarakshasa. 1359: 1356:N. T. Rama Rao 1340: 1337: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308:(unjust war). 1297: 1294: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1230: 1216: 1201:war strategies 1136: 1135:Literary works 1133: 1057:triumphal arch 990: 987: 932: 929: 798:Nanda emperors 793: 790: 782:Rajavali-Katha 633: 630: 626: 323 BCE 569: 566: 565: 564: 529: 526: 525: 524: 482: 479: 478: 477: 471: 463:Uttaradhyayana 425: 422: 421: 420: 374: 371: 365: 364: 356: 349: 348: 336: 332: 331: 320: 316: 315: 303: 299: 298: 297:Example texts 295: 277: 274: 272: 269: 213:, strategist, 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 133: 132:Known for 129: 128: 125:Prime Minister 102: 98: 97: 87: 85: 81: 80: 67: 65: 61: 60: 51:R. Shamasastry 48: 40: 39: 36: 31: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6191: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6169:Taxila Tehsil 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6006:Jurisprudence 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5928: 5927: 5923: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5888: 5887: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5858: 5857: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5837: 5836:Rights of Man 5833: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5788: 5787: 5783: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5758: 5757: 5753: 5748: 5747: 5746:De re publica 5743: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5716: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5366:20th and 21st 5364: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5099:18th and 19th 5097: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4955:Nizam al-Mulk 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4638:Republicanism 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4234: 4232: 4227: 4226: 4223: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4045:Parinama-vada 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3669:Padmasambhāva 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3574:Maṇḍana Miśra 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3564:Abhinavagupta 3562: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3550: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3538: 3537:Yoga Vasistha 3534: 3532: 3531: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3430:All 108 texts 3428: 3427: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3401: 3400:Dharmashastra 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3374:Bhagavad Gita 3371: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3328:Integral yoga 3326: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3273:Shuddhadvaita 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3245: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3006: 3001: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2983: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2923: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2880:81-208-0433-3 2876: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2807: 2803: 2796: 2793: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2719: 2706: 2702: 2701:Outlook India 2698: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2683:81-7629-819-0 2680: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2655: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2628:81-316-0125-0 2625: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2600: 2599: 2592: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2569: 2566: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2512: 2509: 2496: 2492: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2455: 2454:Outlook India 2451: 2444: 2441: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2397: 2396: 2389: 2386: 2383:, p. 40. 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2368:, p. 39. 2367: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2351:, p. 38. 2350: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2334:, p. 37. 2333: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2298: 2295:, p. 32. 2294: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2280:, p. 31. 2279: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2256: 2253:, p. 28. 2252: 2247: 2244: 2241:, p. 15. 2240: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2226:, p. 14. 2225: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2209:, p. 13. 2208: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2183: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2165: 2162: 2157: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2132: 2129: 2126:, p. 25. 2125: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2109:, p. 24. 2108: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2092:, p. 23. 2091: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2073:, p. 22. 2072: 2067: 2064: 2059: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2040: 2037: 2033: 2032: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1996: 1993:Vishnugupta." 1989: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1944: 1941:, p. 43. 1940: 1935: 1932: 1929:, p. 30. 1928: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1884: 1881:, p. 29. 1880: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1857: 1854:, p. 16. 1853: 1848: 1845: 1842:, p. 11. 1841: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1816: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1765: 1762:23 (1): 5–28. 1761: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1706: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1688: 1687: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1628:, p. 12. 1627: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1613:, p. 21. 1612: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1567: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1497:Ashwin Sanghi 1494: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1437: 1433:in 2018–2019. 1432: 1428: 1424: 1422:in 2017–2018. 1421: 1417: 1413: 1412:Chetan Pandit 1409: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1392:Manish Wadhwa 1389: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1365: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1302:dharma-yuddha 1295: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1242: 1233: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1219:Chanakya Niti 1217: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1148:Chanakya Niti 1144: 1143: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1114: 1108: 1107:territories. 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1061: 1058: 1052: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002: 996: 995:Mudrarakshasa 988: 986: 984: 983: 976: 974: 968: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 930: 928: 926: 925:Bay of Bengal 922: 918: 914: 910: 909: 904: 899: 897: 893: 887: 885: 881: 875: 871: 869: 865: 860: 859: 854: 849: 847: 843: 839: 838:sacred thread 835: 831: 827: 822: 819: 815: 811: 807: 804:: Cāṇakka in 803: 799: 791: 789: 787: 783: 778: 775: 771: 765: 763: 759: 755: 750: 746: 742: 740: 734: 732: 727: 725: 719: 716: 715:seven mothers 712: 706: 702: 700: 696: 691: 687: 685: 681: 680: 675: 671: 667: 663: 657: 655: 651: 647: 646: 641: 640: 631: 619: 615: 613: 612:Thomas Burrow 607: 605: 604: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 582: 575: 567: 561: 560:Mudrarakshasa 557: 553: 549: 548:Vishakhadatta 545: 541: 537: 536: 535:Mudrarakshasa 532: 531: 527: 522: 521: 516: 515: 510: 506: 502: 498: 497: 492: 488: 485: 484: 480: 475: 472: 469: 465: 464: 459: 455: 451: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 427: 423: 418: 417: 412: 411: 405: 401: 400:Mahvamsa Tika 397: 393: 392: 387: 386: 381: 377: 376: 372: 370: 362: 361: 360:Mudrarakshasa 357: 354: 353:Vishakhadatta 351: 350: 347:by Ksemendra 346: 343:by Somadeva, 342: 341: 337: 334: 333: 330: 326: 325: 321: 319:Jain version 318: 317: 313: 309: 308: 304: 301: 300: 296: 293: 292: 289: 287: 283: 275: 270: 268: 266: 262: 258: 257:Maurya Empire 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 237: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 196: 194:pronunciation 186: 184: 178: 174: 165: 161: 157: 153: 150: 149: 144: 143: 138: 137:Maurya Empire 134: 130: 126: 122: 121:chief advisor 118: 114: 110: 106: 103: 101:Occupation(s) 99: 95: 94:Maurya Empire 91: 86: 82: 77: 71: 66: 62: 58: 57: 52: 46: 41: 34: 29: 26: 22: 6087: 5986:Elite theory 5934: 5924: 5914: 5904: 5894: 5884: 5874: 5864: 5854: 5844: 5834: 5824: 5814: 5804: 5794: 5784: 5774: 5764: 5754: 5744: 5734: 5724: 5023:Guicciardini 4979:Early modern 4821: 4802:Philosophers 4752:Open society 4688:Body politic 4558:Distributism 4548:Conservatism 4543:Confucianism 4462:Gerontocracy 4452:Dictatorship 4406:Sovereignty‎ 4396:Ruling class 4286:Emancipation 4271:Citizenship‎ 4145:Iccha-mrityu 4110:Satkaryavada 4010:Nididhyasana 3995:Matsya Nyaya 3729:Madhvacharya 3648: 3559:Adi Shankara 3552:Philosophers 3535: 3528: 3511: 3492: 3485: 3476:Shiva Sutras 3466:Sangam texts 3458: 3451: 3442:Nyāya Sūtras 3422: 3415: 3398: 3388:Brahma Sutra 3387: 3379: 3372: 3367:Arthashastra 3365: 3358: 3300:Pratyabhijna 3180:Anekantavada 2944: 2933: 2906: 2892: 2865: 2854:Bibliography 2839:. Retrieved 2835:the original 2830: 2821: 2809:. Retrieved 2805: 2795: 2783:. Retrieved 2779: 2770: 2762:the original 2757: 2748: 2725: 2721: 2709:. Retrieved 2705:the original 2700: 2690: 2674: 2669: 2657:. Retrieved 2642: 2635: 2619: 2614: 2603:, retrieved 2597: 2591: 2578: 2574: 2568: 2556:. Retrieved 2547: 2538: 2518: 2511: 2499:. Retrieved 2494: 2469: 2457:. Retrieved 2453: 2443: 2431:. Retrieved 2427:the original 2421: 2400:. Retrieved 2394: 2388: 2312: 2300: 2258: 2246: 2192:, p. 9. 2185: 2171: 2164: 2145: 2131: 2066: 2046: 2039: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2017:Arthashastra 2016: 2010: 2006: 1998: 1988: 1978: 1975:Arthashastra 1974: 1966: 1959:Arthashastra 1958: 1954: 1946: 1934: 1922: 1910: 1898: 1886: 1859: 1847: 1818:. Retrieved 1803: 1781:. Retrieved 1776: 1767: 1759: 1754: 1746: 1738: 1730: 1721: 1713: 1710: 1705: 1685: 1679: 1646: 1642: 1555: 1535: 1520: 1511: 1490: 1477:Arthashastra 1465: 1460:Arthashastra 1459: 1448: 1444: 1427:Tarun Khanna 1416:Tarun Khanna 1402: 1384:NDTV Imagine 1377: 1368: 1362: 1345: 1324:Chandragupta 1322: 1320: 1299: 1278:Chanakyapuri 1275: 1271:Arthashastra 1260:subcontinent 1257: 1244: 1239: 1218: 1208: 1205:Arthashastra 1204: 1181:Arthashastra 1180: 1157:Arthashastra 1156: 1152: 1146: 1142:Arthashastra 1140: 1138: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1109: 1062: 1053: 1049: 1038: 999: 994: 992: 980: 977: 969: 965: 953:gurudakshina 934: 906: 900: 895: 888: 883: 876: 872: 863: 856: 850: 823: 805: 795: 781: 779: 766: 757: 751: 747: 743: 735: 731:visha kanyas 728: 720: 707: 703: 698: 692: 688: 677: 665: 658: 643: 637: 635: 608: 603:Panchatantra 601: 586:Arthashastra 585: 581:Arthashastra 579: 578:The ancient 577: 559: 556:Gupta period 533: 518: 512: 504: 494: 486: 467: 461: 457: 453: 449: 438: 434: 424:Jain version 414: 408: 403: 399: 395: 389: 383: 368: 358: 344: 338: 322: 311: 305: 285: 279: 263:and his son 253:Chandragupta 249:Gupta Empire 236:Arthashastra 234: 230: 226: 180: 172: 171: 148:Chanakyaniti 146: 142:Arthashastra 140: 56:Arthashastra 54: 25: 5860:(1835–1840) 5740:(c. 350 BC) 5730:(c. 375 BC) 5347:Tocqueville 5312:Saint-Simon 5277:Montesquieu 5128:Bolingbroke 5060:Machiavelli 4940:Ibn Khaldun 4905:Alpharabius 4898:Middle Ages 4723:Natural law 4698:Common good 4623:Nationalism 4583:Imperialism 4553:Corporatism 4528:Colonialism 4508:Agrarianism 4487:Technocracy 4467:Meritocracy 4447:Bureaucracy 4437:Aristocracy 4190:Vivartavada 4080:Rājamaṇḍala 4035:Paramananda 3835:Apauruṣheyā 3830:Anupalabdhi 3689:Vivekananda 3654:Dharmakirti 3614:Buddhaghosa 3604:Yājñavalkya 3411:Jain Agamas 3406:Hindu texts 3285:Navya-Nyāya 3221:Svatantrika 3216:Sautrāntika 3105:Vaisheshika 2948:, Abhinav, 2742:2008-934274 2558:11 November 1583:Rajamandala 1030:Pataliputra 982:rajpurohita 921:Arabian Sea 880:Pataliputra 846:signet ring 830:Dhana Nanda 814:Takshashila 739:loaded dice 670:Pataliputra 654:South India 632:Jain legend 540:signet ring 514:Brihatkatha 443:Hemachandra 431:Shvetambara 355:'s version 329:Hemachandra 215:philosopher 155:Predecessor 109:philosopher 90:Pataliputra 76:Takshashila 70:South India 6118:Categories 6068:Separatism 5876:On Liberty 5776:The Prince 5505:Huntington 5008:Campanella 4935:al-Ghazali 4884:Thucydides 4842:Lactantius 4787:Statolatry 4613:Monarchism 4593:Liberalism 4518:Capitalism 4501:Ideologies 4482:Plutocracy 4430:Government 4386:Revolution 4371:Propaganda 4321:Legitimacy 4296:Government 4140:Svātantrya 4030:Paramatman 3985:Kshetrajna 3960:Ishvaratva 3900:Cittabhumi 3895:Chidabhasa 3845:Asiddhatva 3765:Abhasavada 3739:Guru Nanak 3674:Vasubandhu 3500:Upanishads 3494:Tirukkuṟaḷ 3453:Panchadasi 3258:Bhedabheda 3206:Madhyamaka 3046:Monotheism 2841:6 February 2811:6 February 2785:6 February 2501:18 October 1783:20 January 1760:Humanomics 1589:References 1449:raja-neeti 1388:Sagar Arts 1306:kutayudhha 1191:policies, 1045:vishakanya 1034:King Porus 951:to seek a 908:Theragatha 903:Dhammapala 834:Pushpapura 786:retirement 724:svayamvara 572:See also: 511:-language 491:Kshemendra 416:Atthakatha 404:Mahavamsa, 288:(legend): 271:Background 231:Viṣṇugupta 5786:Leviathan 5766:Monarchia 5760:(c. 1274) 5595:Oakeshott 5540:Mansfield 5535:Luxemburg 5520:Kropotkin 5415:Bernstein 5368:centuries 5282:Nietzsche 5225:Jefferson 5153:Condorcet 5101:centuries 5080:Pufendorf 4945:Marsilius 4832:Confucius 4817:Aristotle 4810:Antiquity 4738:Noble lie 4658:Third Way 4653:Socialism 4578:Feudalism 4533:Communism 4513:Anarchism 4492:Theocracy 4477:Oligarchy 4457:Democracy 4442:Autocracy 4356:Pluralism 4341:Obedience 4306:Hierarchy 4266:Authority 4000:Mithyatva 3890:Chaitanya 3885:Catuṣkoṭi 3850:Asatkalpa 3825:Anavastha 3800:Aishvarya 3719:Sakayanya 3714:Sadananda 3679:Gaudapada 3664:Nagarjuna 3619:Patañjali 3435:Principal 3417:Kamasutra 3211:Yogachara 3130:Raseśvara 2863:(1988) , 2433:15 August 2402:23 August 2190:Rice 1889 1663:0003-0279 1399:Colors TV 1397:The 2015 1223:aphorisms 1077:Saindhava 937:Katyayana 913:Taranatha 892:Bindusara 884:Mahavamsa 864:Mahavamsa 806:Mahavamsa 762:Bindusara 509:Paishachi 450:kathanaka 391:Mahavamsa 385:Dipavamsa 380:Sri Lanka 307:Mahavamsa 265:Bindusara 219:economist 163:Relatives 113:economist 88:283 BCE, 6124:Chanakya 6041:Centrism 5736:Politics 5726:Republic 5695:Voegelin 5675:Spengler 5660:Shariati 5635:Rothbard 5590:Nussbaum 5490:Habermas 5465:Fukuyama 5455:Foucault 5380:Ambedkar 5357:Voltaire 5327:de Staël 5302:Rousseau 5183:Franklin 5158:Constant 5118:Beccaria 4950:Muhammad 4930:Gelasius 4915:Averroes 4889:Xenophon 4869:Polybius 4822:Chanakya 4667:Concepts 4633:Populism 4603:Localism 4588:Islamism 4573:Feminism 4472:Monarchy 4376:Property 4366:Progress 4331:Monopoly 4301:Hegemony 4165:Tanmatra 4160:Tajjalan 4150:Syādvāda 4050:Pradhana 4025:Padārtha 3990:Lakshana 3935:Ekagrata 3780:Adrishta 3775:Adarsana 3753:Concepts 3734:Mahavira 3699:Ramanuja 3649:Chanakya 3584:Avatsara 3579:Valluvar 3519:Vedangas 3333:Gandhism 3236:Medieval 3185:Syādvāda 3170:Charvaka 3142:Pāṇiniya 3036:Idealism 2931:(1971), 2904:(2016), 2890:(1889), 2643:Chanakya 2552:Archived 2459:17 March 2021:Kauṭalya 1577:See also 1466:Chanakya 1364:Chanakya 1227:shastras 1185:monetary 1085:Gandhara 1073:Kashmira 1065:Parasika 1041:Rakshasa 1014:Parasika 923:and the 858:kahapana 808:) was a 754:Durdhara 711:Shaivite 684:kamandal 666:shravaka 639:shravaka 544:Rakshasa 520:Gunadhya 501:Kashmiri 413:and the 227:Kauṭilya 203:polymath 173:Chanakya 123:and the 37:Chanakya 6078:Statism 5991:Elitism 5949:Related 5750:(51 BC) 5680:Strauss 5655:Scruton 5650:Schmitt 5640:Russell 5560:Michels 5555:Maurras 5550:Marcuse 5510:Kautsky 5480:Gramsci 5475:Gentile 5445:Dworkin 5435:Du Bois 5430:Dmowski 5425:Chomsky 5420:Burnham 5405:Benoist 5375:Agamben 5342:Thoreau 5332:Stirner 5322:Spencer 5267:Mazzini 5257:Maistre 5252:Madison 5247:Le Play 5178:Fourier 5143:Carlyle 5123:Bentham 5113:Bastiat 5108:Bakunin 5085:Spinoza 5075:Müntzer 5045:Leibniz 5018:Grotius 4998:Bossuet 4965:Plethon 4910:Aquinas 4879:Sun Tzu 4847:Mencius 4837:Han Fei 4608:Marxism 4568:Fascism 4401:Society 4326:Liberty 4311:Justice 4291:Freedom 4210:More... 4180:Upekkhā 4175:Uparati 4155:Taijasa 4130:Śūnyatā 4100:Saṃsāra 4095:Samadhi 4060:Prakṛti 4015:Nirvāṇa 3965:Jivatva 3955:Ikshana 3910:Devatas 3880:Bhumika 3870:Brahman 3860:Avyakta 3805:Akrodha 3785:Advaita 3744:More... 3639:Jaimini 3543:More... 3253:Advaita 3243:Vedanta 3201:Śūnyatā 3160:Ājīvika 3152:Nāstika 3120:Vedanta 3115:Mīmāṃsā 3095:Samkhya 3075:Ancient 3031:Atomism 3026:Atheism 2937:, Brill 2711:8 March 2583:Kolkata 2144:(ed.). 1502:Magadha 1401:drama, 1193:welfare 1171:to the 1097:Magadha 1018:Kamboja 1006:Bahlika 949:Ayodhya 868:devatas 842:Ājīvika 810:Brahmin 695:alchemy 650:Dramila 645:vishaya 447:Prakrit 207:teacher 183:Cāṇakya 105:Teacher 33:Acharya 5940:(1992) 5930:(1971) 5920:(1951) 5910:(1945) 5900:(1944) 5890:(1929) 5880:(1859) 5870:(1848) 5850:(1820) 5840:(1791) 5830:(1790) 5820:(1762) 5810:(1748) 5800:(1689) 5790:(1651) 5780:(1532) 5770:(1313) 5700:Walzer 5690:Taylor 5645:Sartre 5610:Popper 5605:Pareto 5600:Ortega 5585:Nozick 5575:Mouffe 5525:Laclau 5485:Guénon 5470:Gandhi 5410:Berlin 5400:Bauman 5395:Badiou 5385:Arendt 5352:Tucker 5242:Le Bon 5203:Herder 5193:Haller 5188:Godwin 5173:Fichte 5168:Engels 5163:Cortés 5133:Bonald 5090:Suárez 5065:Milton 5055:Luther 5028:Hobbes 5013:Filmer 5003:Calvin 4988:Boétie 4981:period 4960:Ockham 4827:Cicero 4628:Nazism 4416:Utopia 4391:Rights 4381:Regime 4351:People 4336:Nation 4185:Utsaha 4135:Sutram 4125:Sthiti 4120:Sphoṭa 4090:Sakshi 4075:Puruṣa 4055:Prajna 4020:Niyama 3980:Kasaya 3925:Dravya 3915:Dharma 3875:Bhuman 3865:Bhrama 3820:Ananta 3815:Anatta 3810:Aksara 3795:Ahimsa 3770:Abheda 3760:Abhava 3709:Raikva 3629:Kapila 3624:Kanada 3321:Modern 3295:Shaiva 3263:Dvaita 3165:Ajñana 3125:Shaiva 3083:Āstika 3066:Moksha 3019:Topics 2952: 2918: 2877: 2740: 2732: 2681: 2659:6 June 2650: 2626: 2605:24 May 2526: 2152: 2054: 1820:6 June 1811: 1693: 1671:597102 1669: 1661: 1562: 1542: 1473:Mysore 1290:Mysore 1234:Legacy 1199:, and 1189:fiscal 1169:pandit 1155:. The 1145:, and 1105:Yavana 1103:, and 1069:Malaya 1026:Yavana 1024:, and 1010:Kirata 1001:shikha 961:dinars 853:Vinjha 563:basis. 538:("The 456:s and 454:churni 223:jurist 211:author 117:jurist 74:or in 6089:Index 5718:Works 5705:Weber 5670:Spann 5665:Sorel 5630:Röpke 5625:Rawls 5580:Negri 5570:Mosca 5565:Mises 5530:Lenin 5500:Hoppe 5495:Hayek 5460:Fromm 5450:Evola 5440:Dugin 5337:Taine 5317:Smith 5297:Renan 5292:Paine 5213:Iqbal 5198:Hegel 5148:Comte 5138:Burke 5050:Locke 5040:James 4993:Bodin 4925:Dante 4920:Bruni 4874:Shang 4857:Plato 4411:State 4361:Power 4346:Peace 4281:Elite 4259:Terms 4200:Yamas 4195:Viraj 4170:Tyāga 4105:Satya 4005:Mokṣa 3975:Karma 3930:Dhrti 3855:Ātman 3840:Artha 3644:Vyasa 3524:Vedas 3505:Minor 3352:Texts 3100:Nyaya 3091:Hindu 3061:Artha 3041:Logic 2577:[ 2140:. In 2031:gotra 2012:gotra 1980:gotra 1955:gotra 1667:JSTOR 1420:Porus 1317:Plays 1213:above 1113:mudra 1101:Shaka 1093:Khasa 1089:Hunas 1081:Chedi 1022:Shaka 973:sikha 957:yogic 917:kings 896:bindu 818:Vedas 758:bindu 674:Nanda 594:gotra 590:gotra 286:katha 5620:Rand 5615:Qutb 5515:Kirk 5390:Aron 5307:Sade 5287:Owen 5272:Mill 5262:Marx 5230:Kant 5208:Hume 5070:More 4970:Wang 4852:Mozi 4276:Duty 4205:Yoga 3970:Kama 3950:Idam 3945:Hitā 3940:Guṇa 3905:Dāna 3790:Aham 3194:and 3175:Jain 3110:Yoga 3056:Kama 2950:ISBN 2916:ISBN 2875:ISBN 2843:2021 2813:2021 2787:2021 2738:LCCN 2730:ISBN 2713:2012 2679:ISBN 2661:2012 2648:ISBN 2624:ISBN 2607:2017 2560:2021 2524:ISBN 2503:2012 2461:2018 2435:2014 2404:2020 2150:ISBN 2052:ISBN 2025:Arth 1822:2012 1809:ISBN 1785:2022 1691:ISBN 1659:ISSN 1560:ISBN 1540:ISBN 1414:and 1187:and 1179:The 945:guru 941:sage 802:IAST 679:dasi 552:Huna 493:and 466:and 458:tika 84:Died 64:Born 5685:Sun 5545:Mao 4421:War 4316:Law 4085:Ṛta 3920:Dhi 1651:doi 1495:by 1479:by 1209:one 927:). 542:of 517:by 489:by 437:or 327:by 229:or 177:ISO 6120:: 3093:: 2914:, 2910:, 2873:, 2829:. 2804:. 2778:. 2756:. 2736:, 2699:. 2677:, 2622:, 2550:. 2546:. 2493:. 2482:^ 2452:. 2412:^ 2373:^ 2356:^ 2339:^ 2324:^ 2285:^ 2270:^ 2231:^ 2214:^ 2197:^ 2114:^ 2097:^ 2078:^ 1961:." 1871:^ 1830:^ 1793:^ 1775:. 1729:. 1714:25 1665:. 1657:. 1647:84 1645:. 1633:^ 1618:^ 1597:^ 1390:. 1350:. 1284:, 1262:. 1250:, 1246:- 1215:). 1195:, 1175:. 1099:, 1095:, 1091:, 1087:, 1083:, 1020:, 1016:, 1012:, 1008:, 764:. 741:. 656:. 623:c. 606:. 267:. 221:, 217:, 209:, 187:, 179:: 119:, 115:, 111:, 107:, 92:, 4244:e 4237:t 4230:v 3004:e 2997:t 2990:v 2845:. 2815:. 2789:. 2715:. 2663:. 2562:. 2532:. 2505:. 2463:. 2437:. 2406:. 2158:. 2060:. 1824:. 1787:. 1699:. 1673:. 1653:: 1548:. 1508:. 1487:. 1229:. 998:( 979:( 697:( 470:. 175:( 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.