195:) in northern Gaul with Thuringia and that Childeric was exiled to Tongeren. It has even been suggested that Gregory, knowing only that the name of Clovis' mother was Basina and that an early king of Thuringia was named Bisinus, invented the relationship between Basina and Bisinus based on the similarity of their names (having already, possibly erroneously, presumed the location of exile to be Thuringia). Although most scholars accept Childeric's exile as historical, Berthold Schmidt rejected Gregory's entire account of it as a fiction.
134:
199:
Gregory's account as historical, it has been suggested therefore that there were in fact two kings named
Bisinus. Bisinus (II), husband of Menia, may then have been the nephew of Bisinus (I), husband of Basina. The alternative is that Gregory misused the name of the historical Bisinus, husband of Menia and grandfather of Radegund, in reconstructing the events of the 460s.
198:
It is highly unlikely (but not impossible) that the
Bisinus of Gregory and the Bisinus of the Lombard chronicles are one and the same. In that case Bisinus would have been married to Basina almost eighty years before his youngest son's death in battle and had a living grandchild in 587. Taking
219:: a silver ladle engraved with the name Basena that may date to the 5th century. The heartland of 5th-century Thuringia, however, may have initially been west of the Rhine, with the kingdom only expanding eastward in the decades after Bisinus' reign. The 12th-century
186:
Scholars have been skeptical of
Gregory's account. It has been called a "folk tale", albeit one that corresponds well chronologically to the dates of Aegidius' magistracy. It has been suggested that Gregory in fact confused the
535:, p. 564, presents a genealogical reconstruction in which Bisinus married first Basina and had his sons by her before marrying Menia, by whom he had Radegund, who is presented as his daughter rather than granddaughter.
34:. Almost nothing more about him can be said with certainty, including whether all the variations on his name in the sources refer to one or two different persons. His name is given as Bysinus, Bessinus or Bissinus in
118:
While most scholars accept that the
Thuringian kings called Bisinus in the Frankish sources and Pissa in the Lombard ones are one and the same, Martina Hartmann rejects the identification and points out that the
221:
72:(c. 510–540), a fact attested in all three of the main Lombard chronicles (two of which specify that he was king of the Thuringians). Menia later married a man (unnamed in the sources) of the
171:. Gregory does not describe Bisinus as king of the Thuringians or even as a Thuringian himself, but as king "in Thuringia". Gregory's account was used by the authors of the 7th-century
152:, who was accused of seducing their daughters, he went into exile at the court of Bisinus in Thuringia for eight years. In his absence, the Franks elected the Roman commander
786:
Neumeister, Peter (2014). "The
Ancient Thuringians: Problems of Names and Family Connections". In Janine Fries-Knoblach; Heiko Steuer; John Hines (eds.).
746:
Jarnut, Jörg (2009). "Thüringer und
Langobarden im 6. und beginnenden 7. Jahrhundert". In Helmut Castritius; Dieter Geuenich; Matthias Werner (eds.).
843:
121:
56:
703:(2001). "Childeric's Grave, Clovis' Succession, and the Origins of the Merovingian Kingdom". In Ralph Mathisen; Danuta Shanzer (eds.).
838:
115:. Fortunatus specifies that she was "from the Thuringian region", a daughter of King Bertachar and granddaughter of King Bisinus.
426:
Beatissima igitur
Radegundis natione barbara de regione Thoringa, avo rege Bessino, patruo Hermenfredo, patre rege Bertechario
440:, p. 62, yet see p. 13, where she rejects Bisinus' marriage to Basina on the grounds that he was the husband of Menia.
608:
157:
104:
809:
Heldensage und
Stammessage: Iring und der Untergang des ThĂĽringerreiches in Historiographie und heroischer Dichtung
329:
164:
107:
in
Poitiers and was recognised as a saint. She died in 587. Two hagiographies of her were produced by her friends
179:
734:
207:
The location of
Bisinus' kingdom is a matter of some debate. Usually it is located in the place of present-day
561:
Bissinus iste terram suam super Sunnam fluvium, qui alio nomine Arar dictur, a Tullo usque Lugdunum possidebat
798:(2009). "Die Herrschaftssitze der ThĂĽringer". In Helmut Castritius; Dieter Geuenich; Matthias Werner (eds.).
39:
363:
173:
654:
582:
112:
777:
Mladjov, Ian (2014). "Barbarian Genealogies". In H. B. Dewing (trans.); Anthony Kaldellis (eds.).
714:
Cemeteries and Society in Merovingian Gaul: Selected Studies in History and Archaeology, 1992–2009
586:
658:
614:
726:
188:
27:
646:
634:
688:
622:
598:
156:
as their king. Childeric's exile corresponds to the period between Aegidius' appointment as
141:
87:
Bisinus was also the father of the three brothers who ruled Thuringia in the 520s and 530s:
712:
Halsall, Guy (2010). "Commentary Three: Once More Unto Saint-Brice". In Guy Halsall (ed.).
30:
in the 5th century AD or around 500. He is the earliest historically attested ruler of the
676:
642:
630:
592:
73:
163:
in 456 or 457 and his death in 465. When Childeric returned from exile, Bisinus' wife
832:
795:
369:
Habuit autem Waccho uxores tres, hoc est primam Ranicundam, filiam regis Turingorum
816:
755:
Joye, Sylvie (2005). "Basine, Radegonde et la Thuringe chez Grégoire de Tours".
700:
604:
379:
377:
149:
88:
31:
692:
215:. An artefact that may be associated with Basina was found in the vicinity of
108:
208:
167:
abandoned her husband to go with him. She became his wife and the mother of
133:
92:
226:
192:
168:
153:
100:
96:
81:
65:
61:
35:
216:
145:
144:, writing in the last quarter of the 6th century, says that when the
77:
137:
Roman Empire under Majorian, with Frankish Kingdom and Thuringians.
663:, ed. Bruno Krusch. MGH SS rer. Merov. 2 (Hanover, 1888), 364–377.
619:, ed. Bruno Krusch. MGH SS rer. Merov. 2 (Hanover, 1888), 215–328.
212:
132:
69:
51:
770:
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume 2, AD 395–527
80:, who in 540 became the regent of Wacho's son by his third wife,
651:, ed. Bruno Krusch. MGH SS rer. Merov. 2 (Hanover, 1888), 1–193.
234:
230:
679:(1941). "Election and Inheritance in Early Germanic Kingship".
222:
Liber de compositione castri Ambaziae et ipsius dominorum gesta
239:
639:, ed. Georg Waitz. MGH SS rer. Lang. (Hanover, 1878), 12–187.
800:
Die Frühzeit der Thüringer: Archäologie, Sprache, Geschichte
748:
Die Frühzeit der Thüringer: Archäologie, Sprache, Geschichte
471:, p. 244, dates the exile to c. 456–c. 464.
627:, ed. Georg Waitz. MGH SS rer. Lang. (Hanover, 1878), 1–6.
648:
Chronicarum quae dicuntur Fredegarii scholastici libri IV
516:
514:
396:
394:
392:
225:
records that Bisinus' territory lay on the banks of the
788:
The Baiuvarii and Thuringi: An Ethnographic Perspective
272:
270:
268:
452:
450:
448:
446:
305:
Mater autem Audoin nomine Menia uxor fuit Pissae regis
38:sources, and as Pissa, Pisen, Fisud or Fisut in
84:, and then succeeded him to the throne in 546.
8:
655:Venantius Honoricus Clementianus Fortunatus
595:. MGH SS rer. Merov. 1, 1 (Hanover, 1951 ).
54:, a fact attested only in the 9th-century
556:
480:
468:
705:Society and Culture in Late Antique Gaul
508:, pp. 248–49, uses the spelling Bisinus.
437:
335:Raicundam, filia Fisud regis Turingorum
288:
532:
520:
400:
386:, p. 288, contains a family tree..
259:
252:
122:Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire
600:Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani
412:
383:
351:Ranigunda, filia Pisen regi Turingorum
347:Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani
316:
301:Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani
276:
57:Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani
456:
125:makes no such identification either.
7:
611:SS rer. Lang. (Hanover, 1878), 7–11.
544:
64:, who became the first wife of the
779:The Wars of Justinian by Prokopios
14:
821:The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751
723:Die Königin im frühen Mittelalter
237:. It also refers to Bisinus as a
180:Book of the History of the Franks
50:Bisinus was the first husband of
802:. De Gruyter. pp. 201–234.
768:Martindale, J. R., ed. (1980).
750:. De Gruyter. pp. 279–290.
739:Europe's Barbarians, AD 200–600
496:Pseudo-Fredegar, pp. 95 and 97.
485:in Thuringiam ... regem Bysinum
243:(duke) only and not as a king.
844:5th-century monarchs in Europe
707:. Routledge. pp. 130–147.
1:
772:. Cambridge University Press.
148:rebelled against their king,
781:. Hackett. pp. 560–566.
681:Cambridge Historical Journal
99:. Bertachar had a daughter,
790:. Boydell. pp. 83–102.
16:5th-century Thuringian king
860:
721:Hartmann, Martina (2009).
716:. Brill. pp. 188–197.
624:Origo Gentis Langobardorum
330:Origo Gentis Langobardorum
211:, well to the east of the
807:Weddige, Hilkert (1989).
693:10.1017/s1474691300003425
616:Liber Historiae Francorum
506:Liber Historiae Francorum
76:and became the mother of
839:Kings of the Thuringians
591:, eds. Bruno Krusch and
22:(sometimes shortened to
660:Vita Sanctae Radegundis
636:Historia Langobardorum
364:Historia Langobardorum
138:
174:Chronicle of Fredegar
136:
60:. He had a daughter,
583:Gregorius Turonensis
424:Fortunatus, p. 365:
177:and the 8th-century
113:Venantius Fortunatus
588:Libri Historiarum X
203:Location of kingdom
823:. Harlow: Longman.
415:, pp. 283–84.
139:
727:Kohlhammer Verlag
669:Secondary sources
547:, pp. 37–40.
189:civitas Tungrorum
28:king of Thuringia
851:
824:
812:
803:
791:
782:
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764:
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677:Grierson, Philip
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105:Holy Cross Abbey
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849:
848:
829:
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811:. Max Niemeyer.
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643:Pseudo-Fredegar
631:Paulus Diaconus
593:Wilhelm Levison
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557:Neumeister 2014
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569:
566:
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559:, p. 88:
549:
537:
525:
523:, p. 196.
510:
498:
489:
483:, p. 90:
473:
461:
442:
430:
417:
405:
403:, p. 125.
388:
373:
355:
339:
321:
319:, p. 279.
309:
293:
291:, p. 19n.
281:
279:, p. 281.
264:
251:
250:
248:
245:
204:
201:
130:
127:
103:, who founded
47:
44:
15:
13:
10:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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842:
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796:Steuer, Heiko
793:
789:
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771:
766:
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749:
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736:
735:James, Edward
732:
728:
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486:
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459:, p. 80.
458:
453:
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439:
438:Hartmann 2009
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289:Grierson 1941
285:
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262:, p. 10.
261:
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74:Gausus family
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67:
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53:
45:
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41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
820:
817:Wood, Ian N.
808:
799:
787:
778:
769:
760:
756:
747:
741:. Routledge.
738:
722:
713:
704:
701:Halsall, Guy
684:
680:
659:
647:
635:
623:
615:
599:
587:
560:
552:
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533:Mladjov 2014
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521:Halsall 2010
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401:Halsall 2001
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260:Weddige 1989
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185:
178:
172:
158:
140:
120:
117:
86:
55:
49:
23:
19:
18:
687:(1): 1–22.
605:Georg Waitz
413:Jarnut 2009
384:Jarnut 2009
317:Jarnut 2009
277:Jarnut 2009
150:Childeric I
89:Hermanafrid
32:Thuringians
833:Categories
763:(1): 1–18.
457:James 2014
109:Baudovinia
26:) was the
737:(2014) .
545:Wood 1994
367:, p. 60:
209:Thuringia
93:Bertachar
819:(1994).
349:, p. 9:
333:, p. 4:
303:, p. 9:
229:between
193:Tongeren
169:Clovis I
161:for Gaul
154:Aegidius
101:Radegund
97:Baderich
82:Walthari
62:Raicunda
36:Frankish
757:Francia
571:Sources
191:(today
66:Lombard
46:History
40:Lombard
20:Bisinus
603:, ed.
217:Weimar
165:Basina
146:Franks
78:Audoin
42:ones.
247:Notes
227:SaĂ´ne
213:Rhine
70:Wacho
68:king
52:Menia
24:Bisin
235:Lyon
233:and
231:Toul
111:and
95:and
689:doi
609:MGH
240:dux
835::
761:32
759:.
725:.
683:.
657:,
645:,
633:,
607:.
585:,
513:^
445:^
391:^
376:^
267:^
183:.
91:,
729:.
695:.
691::
685:7
563:.
487:.
428:.
371:.
353:.
337:.
307:.
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