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that was discovered in the northern regions of Ghana. The site lies on the
Gambaga escarpment, about 3.5 kilometers to the northwest of the town of Nalerigu. Excavations of the site begun in the year 1987, led by Francois Kense. These were also the first excavations in the wider area around this
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occupation phase roughly (600 to 200's BCE) of Birimi occurred in its western region. Kintampo settlement sites are often found near Iron Age sites. However, no Iron Age habitations have been found near the smelters. The ironworking activities can be found in the forms of multiple
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and retouched flakes and blades. In situ, artifacts can be found 1 meter below the surface level of the ground. However, these are not easily linked to other contemporaneous cultures of the Middle Stone Age due to Middle Stone Age sites of West Africa not being well understood.
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artifacts and show signs of extractive activities. During research and excavation campaigns at Birimi, samples were taken to learn about the site and its broader region; these samples included pottery, burned daub, sediment, charcoal and palaeobotanical remains for stylistic,
136:. This former habitation makes for a very ceramic-rich layer on the site. This is the occupation layer of the site that has been investigated the most based on the clear presence of the Kintampo complex. Charred plant remains from Birimi show evidence of the cultivation of
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structures, as well as evidence of multiple building techniques present, resulting in multiple structures of varying sizes, which has been found at other
Kintampo sites.
332:"Optical and thermoluminescence dating of Middle Stone Age and Kintampo bearing sediments at Birimi, a multi-component archaeological site in Ghana"
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site. The Birimi site is situated primarily within a system of seasonal stream channels, which are covered with
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278:"A Middle Stone Age Component at the Birimi Site, Northern Region, Ghana"
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217:"Report of investigations at the Birimi site in northern Ghana"
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The earliest occupation phase of Birimi has been dated to the
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mounds and furnaces throughout the western region of Birimi.
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occupation phase of Birimi, which is associated with the
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276:Hawkins, Alicia; et al. (December 1996).
402:D'Andrea, A. C.; Casey, J. (September 2002).
330:Quickert, Nicole A.; et al. (May 2003).
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215:Casey, Joanna; et al. (December 1997).
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404:"Pearl Millet and Kintampo Subsistence"
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100:flakes and cores, disk cores, blades,
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408:The African Archaeological Review
125:and the origin of agriculture in
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482:Archaeological sites in Ghana
356:10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00050-7
144:; there are indications for
16:Archaeological site in Ghana
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336:Quaternary Science Reviews
84:and/or dating purposes.
420:10.1023/A:1016518919072
38:, located in northern
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42:between the towns of
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342:(10–13): 1291–1297.
34:associated with the
348:2003QSRv...22.1291Q
72:archaeological site
32:archaeological site
472:Prehistoric Africa
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23:Location of Birimi
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477:Stone Age Africa
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138:pearl millet
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282:Nyame Akuma
224:Nyame Akuma
130:West Africa
127:sub-Saharan
104:, notches,
466:Categories
444:5649131655
372:5866422707
169:References
452:162042735
428:0263-0338
380:140661789
364:0277-3791
310:163414787
294:0713-5815
288:: 34–36.
252:163961924
236:0713-5815
230:: 32–38.
98:Levallois
436:25130746
158:Iron Age
152:Iron Age
60:Iron Age
48:Nalerigu
344:Bibcode
302:5986575
244:5986575
142:village
102:bifaces
44:Gambaga
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77:lithic
58:, and
30:is an
28:Birimi
448:S2CID
432:JSTOR
376:S2CID
306:S2CID
248:S2CID
220:(PDF)
40:Ghana
440:OCLC
424:ISSN
368:OCLC
360:ISSN
298:OCLC
290:ISSN
240:OCLC
232:ISSN
163:slag
156:The
117:The
66:Site
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
