37:
305:) and continued: "The experiment succeeded so well at Leeds, that a similar engine has been erected at Newcastle, about a mile north from that town. It moves at the rate of three miles an hour, dragging after it 14 waggons, loaded each with about two tons of coals; so that in this case the expense of 14 horses is saved by the substitution of the steam-engine". The item continues to mention a locomotive without a rack wheel (probably
267:) was built by George Stephenson in 1814; the first of a series of locomotives that he designed in the period 1814–16 which established his reputation as an engine designer and laid the foundations for his subsequent pivotal role in the development of the railways. It could pull a train of 30 long tons (30 t) at a speed of 4 miles per hour (6.4 km/h) up a gradient of 1 in 450. It was named after the
394:
341:
249:
329:
By 28 February 1815 Stephenson had made enough improvements to file a patent with the overseer of the colliery, Ralph Dodds. This specified direct communication between cylinder and wheels using a ball and socket joint. The drive wheels were connected by chains, which were abandoned after a few years
352:
The big impediment revealed by the first two engines was the state of the permanent way and the lack of any cushioning suspension. The track was often carelessly laid and with rails of only 3 feet (91 cm) in length there were frequent derailments. He devised a new chair and used half-lap joints
286:
Stephenson carefully measured its performance and realised that overall it saved little money compared with the use of horses, even though the price of corn was at an all-time high because of the wars. He made one significant improvement by redirecting the steam outlet from the cylinders into the
237:
of the colliery to fund a "travelling engine" which first ran on 25 July. By experiment he confirmed
Blackett's observation that the friction of the wheels was sufficient on an iron railway without cogs but still used a cogwheel system in transmitting power to the wheels.
420:) was built to Stephenson's design at Killingworth Colliery’s workshops. Previously thought to have been built in 1826, an archeological investigation in 2018 revised its construction date back by a further decade to 1816, making
1062:
654:
1031:
725:
1052:
368:, Stephenson conducted in 1818 a careful series of measurements on friction and the effects of inclines, or declivities as they were generally called, using a
375:
Engines constructed on these principles from 1816 were being used until 1841 as locomotives and until 1856 as stationary engines. One of these was called
718:
353:
between the rails instead of butt-joints. Wrought iron replaced cast iron wheels and he used the steam pressure of the boiler to provide '
287:
smoke stack, thereby increasing the efficiency of the boiler markedly as well as lessening the annoyance caused by the escaping steam.
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614:
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in 1812 and immediately improved the haulage of the coal from the mine using fixed engines. But he had taken an interest in
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446:, where it remained on display until 1945, when it was moved to the Museum of Science and Industry in the city's
443:
100:
840:
438:. For the next fifteen years the locomotive stood on a plinth above the roadway at the Newcastle end of the
939:
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in favour of direct connections. A new locomotive constructed on these principles was put into operation.
300:
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904:
872:
772:
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211:
130:
357:' suspension for the engine. These improvements were detailed in a patent filed with the iron-founder
998:
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925:
431:
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which they developed. These were to stand him in good stead in later developments of the railways.
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1008:
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did not survive: Stephenson recycled its parts as he developed more advanced models.
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2 ft 10 in (864 mm) dia Ă— 8 ft 0 in (2,438 mm) long
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the third-oldest surviving locomotive and the oldest standard gauge locomotive.
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95:
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A Practical
Treatise on Rail-roads and Interior Communication in General
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299:. The item started by recording a rack locomotive at Leeds (probably
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312:
247:
227:
219:
707:
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s performance was described in the second 1814 volume of the
275:, who, after a speedy march, arrived in time to help defeat
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8 in Ă— 24 in (203 mm Ă— 610 mm)
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233:, where he had been born. By 1814 he persuaded the
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1032:History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830
472:
470:
1063:Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
434:until 1881, when it was presented to the City of
649:
647:
590:"Killingworth Billy | Stephenson Steam Railway"
719:
686:Monmouthshire Railway Society (Summer 1985),
483:, London:Knight & Lacey, pp. 136–137
8:
541:, vol. IV, Robert Baldwin, p. 232
726:
712:
704:
164:
86:
47:
697:The Old Times – History of the Locomotive
1053:Individual locomotives of Great Britain
575:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, p. 44
466:
31:
680:The History of the Railway in Britain
7:
615:"Stephenson Railway Museum Exhibits"
558:
505:
493:
27:Early experimental steam locomotives
450:. It is currently preserved at the
361:of Newcastle on 30 September 1816.
210:was appointed as engine-wright at
25:
920:1829 Rainhill Trials locomotives
35:
655:"Killingworth Billy Locomotive"
640:"BBC Look North". 14 June 2018.
452:Stephenson Steam Railway Museum
364:Together with the head viewer,
191:built a number of experimental
41:One of the Killingworth engines
1027:History of steam road vehicles
759:Murdoch's model steam carriage
1:
700:. Retrieved 25 January 2006.
692:. Retrieved 25 January 2006.
683:. Retrieved 25 January 2006.
594:stephensonsteamrailway.org.uk
535:Thomson, Thomas, ed. (1814),
273:Gebhard Leberecht von BlĂĽcher
790:The Coalbrookdale locomotive
518:Smiles, Samuel (1862), "5",
402:North Tyneside Steam Railway
796:The Pen-y-Darren locomotive
1089:
521:The lives of the engineers
1022:
444:Newcastle Central Station
414:(not to be confused with
163:
85:
46:
34:
1073:4 ft 8 in gauge railways
802:The Newcastle locomotive
661:. South Tyneside Council
117:6 long tons (6.1 t)
102:4 ft 8 in
1058:Early steam locomotives
477:Wood, Nicholas (1825),
442:. It was then moved to
199:between 1814 and 1826.
659:South Tyneside History
408:The Killingworth Billy
404:
349:
257:
256:by Clement E. Stretton
974:Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot
773:London Steam Carriage
689:The Broad Gauge Story
571:Hunter Davis (1975),
396:
343:
251:
212:Killingworth Colliery
197:Killingworth Colliery
177:Killingworth Colliery
999:John Urpeth Rastrick
538:Annals of Philosophy
432:Killingworth Railway
296:Annals of Philosophy
18:BlĂĽcher (locomotive)
436:Newcastle-upon-Tyne
1014:Richard Trevithick
865:Killingworth Billy
561:, pp. 169–201
405:
398:Killingworth Billy
388:Killingworth Billy
350:
281:Battle of Waterloo
258:
226:'s experiments at
1068:George Stephenson
1040:
1039:
1009:Robert Stephenson
1004:George Stephenson
979:Timothy Hackworth
736:steam locomotives
573:George Stephenson
440:High Level Bridge
344:Half-lap jointed
208:George Stephenson
193:steam locomotives
189:George Stephenson
186:
185:
182:
181:
159:
158:
81:
80:
68:George Stephenson
16:(Redirected from
1080:
913:Stourbridge Lion
897:Lancashire Witch
889:The Royal George
881:Locomotion No. 1
809:Catch Me Who Can
752:fardier Ă vapeur
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617:. Archived from
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348:patented in 1816
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989:William Murdoch
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677:Herefordshire,
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621:on 9 March 2012
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448:Exhibition Park
391:
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325:1815 locomotive
263:(often spelled
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195:to work in the
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51:Type and origin
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12:
11:
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994:Matthew Murray
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984:William Hedley
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876:(1817 or 1818)
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857:Steam Elephant
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456:North Tyneside
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346:fishbelly rail
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245:
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218:'s engines in
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90:Specifications
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825:Puffing Billy
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819:
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766:Puffing Devil
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524:, vol. 3
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508:, p. 147
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496:, p. 138
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417:Puffing Billy
413:
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367:
366:Nicholas Wood
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308:Puffing Billy
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131:Cylinder size
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107:1,422 mm
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58:
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45:
38:
33:
30:
19:
954:
947:Perseverance
945:
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815:
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663:. Retrieved
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635:
623:. Retrieved
619:the original
609:
597:. Retrieved
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572:
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554:
543:, retrieved
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520:
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489:
479:
427:
426:
421:
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411:
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406:
397:
387:
380:
379:and another
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374:
363:
355:steam spring
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294:
290:
289:
285:
264:
260:
259:
253:
242:
206:
187:
151:Train brakes
29:
933:Sans Pareil
849:Wylam Dilly
833:Steam Horse
599:1 September
545:16 December
430:ran on the
370:dynamometer
252:Drawing of
114:Loco weight
1047:Categories
462:References
377:Wellington
335:Wellington
216:Blenkinsop
203:Background
141:Loco brake
74:Build date
56:Power type
967:Designers
817:Salamanca
750:Cugnot's
734:Pre-1830
665:2 January
559:Wood 1825
506:Wood 1825
494:Wood 1825
302:Salamanca
283:in 1815.
173:Operators
905:Agenoria
873:The Duke
359:Mr. Losh
291:BlĂĽcher'
277:Napoleon
271:general
269:Prussian
265:Blutcher
231:colliery
224:Blackett
956:Invicta
926:Novelty
841:BlĂĽcher
783:Railway
400:at the
381:My Lord
319:BlĂĽcher
279:at the
261:BlĂĽcher
254:BlĂĽcher
243:BlĂĽcher
235:lessees
64:Builder
959:(1829)
940:Rocket
916:(1829)
908:(1829)
900:(1828)
892:(1827)
884:(1825)
868:(1816)
860:(1815)
852:(1815)
844:(1814)
836:(1813)
828:(1813)
820:(1812)
812:(1808)
804:(1805)
798:(1804)
792:(1802)
775:(1803)
769:(1801)
761:(1784)
755:(1769)
168:Career
122:Boiler
625:6 May
428:Billy
422:Billy
412:Billy
313:Wylam
228:Wylam
220:Leeds
96:Gauge
59:Steam
743:Road
667:2023
627:2012
601:2024
547:2014
222:and
155:None
77:1814
454:on
410:or
315:).
311:at
1049::
657:.
646:^
592:.
581:^
469:^
458:.
383:.
727:e
720:t
713:v
669:.
629:.
603:.
145:?
109:)
105:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
