2584:, though cows giving birth may be attacked. Jackals can be a serious problem for sheep farmers, particularly during the lambing season. Sheep losses to black-backed jackals in a 440 km study area in KwaZulu-Natal consisted of 0.05% of the sheep population. Of 395 sheep killed in a sheep farming area in KwaZulu-Natal, 13% were killed by jackals. Jackals usually kill sheep with a throat bite, and begin feeding by opening the flank and consuming the flesh and skin of the flank, heart, liver, some ribs, haunch of hind leg, and sometimes the stomach and its contents. In older lambs, the main portions eaten are usually heart and liver. Usually, only one lamb per night is killed in any one place, but sometimes two and occasionally three may be killed. The oral history of the Khoikhoi indicates they have been a nuisance to pastoralists long before European settlement. South Africa has been using fencing systems to protect sheep from jackals since the 1890s, though such measures have mixed success, as the best fencing is expensive, and jackals can easily infiltrate cheap wire fences.
1678:
50:
2540:
1891:
1419:
1375:
1439:
1346:
1317:
1259:
1230:
1288:
1192:
2647:, with great care being taken to avoid leaving any human scent on them. Black-backed jackals were not a popular quarry in the 19th century, and are rarely mentioned in hunter's literature. By the turn of the century, jackals became increasingly popular quarry as they encroached upon human habitations after sheep farming and veld burning diminished their natural food sources. Although poisoning had been effective in the late 19th century, its success rate in eliminating jackals waned in the 20th century, as jackals seemed to be learning to distinguish poisoned foods.
1955:
1747:
1842:
1799:
1981:
2846:
Samaniego
Castruita, Jose A.; Chatters, James C.; Dobney, Keith; Dos Reis, Mario; Evin, Allowen; Gaubert, Philippe; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Gower, Graham; Heiniger, Holly; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Kapp, Josh; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Linderholm, Anna; Ozga, Andrew T.; Presslee, Samantha; Salis, Alexander T.; Saremi, Nedda F.; Shew, Colin; Skerry, Katherine; Taranenko, Dmitry E.; Thompson, Mary; Sablin, Mikhail V.; Kuzmin, Yaroslav V.; Collins, Matthew J.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.;
121:
1918:, while winter births are timed for ungulate calving seasons. Litters consist of one to nine pups, which are born blind. For the first three weeks of their lives, the pups are kept under constant surveillance by their dam, while the sire and elder offspring provide food. The pups open their eyes after 8–10 days and emerge from the den at the age of 3 weeks. They are weaned at 8–9 weeks, and can hunt by themselves at the age of 6 months.
2599:
96:
2003:
2304:. Black-backed jackals are major rabies vectors, and have been associated with epidemics, which appear to cycle every 4–8 years. Jackals in Zimbabwe are able to maintain rabies independently of other species. Although oral vaccinations are effective in jackals, the long-term control of rabies continues to be a problem in areas where stray dogs are not given the same immunisation.
3838:
1171:
1878:
whining, growling, and cackling. It communicates with group members and advertises its presence by a high-pitched, whining howl, and expresses alarm through an explosive cry followed by shorter, high-pitched yelps. This sound is particularly frantic when mobbing a leopard. In areas where the black-backed jackal is sympatric with the
1923:
pups appropriate food, and become independent at an earlier age. The grown pups may disperse at one year of age, though some remain in their natal territories to assist their parents in raising the next generation of pups. The average lifespan in the wild is 7 years, though captive specimens can live twice as long.
288:
1872:
greatly resembles that of the golden jackal. However, the assistance of elder offspring in helping raise the pups of their parents has a greater bearing on pup survival rates than in the latter species. The basic social unit is a monogamous mated pair which defends its territory through laying faeces
1822:
specimens occasionally occur. The hair of the face measures 10–15 mm in length, and lengthens to 30–40 mm on the rump. The guard hairs of the back are 60 mm on the shoulder, decreasing to 40 mm at the base of the tail. The hairs of the tail are the longest, measuring 70 mm in
1877:
is usually done in tandem, and the pair aggressively expels intruders. Such encounters are normally prevented, as the pair vocalises to advertise its presence in a given area. It is a highly vocal species, particularly in
Southern Africa. Sounds made by the species include yelling, yelping, woofing,
1817:
The base colour is reddish brown to tan, which is particularly pronounced on the flanks and legs. A black saddle intermixed with silvery hair extends from the shoulders to the base of the tail. A long, black stripe extending along the flanks separates the saddle from the rest of the body, and can be
1498:
The black-backed jackal has occupied eastern and southern Africa for at least 2–3 million years, as shown by fossil deposits in Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa. Specimens from fossil sites in
Transvaal are almost identical to their modern counterparts, but have slightly different nasal bones.
1922:
is attained at 11 months, though few black-backed jackals reproduce in their first year. Unlike golden jackals, which have comparatively amicable intrapack relationships, black-backed jackal pups become increasingly quarrelsome as they age, and establish more rigid dominance hierarchies. Dominant
1574:
In 2017, jackal relationships were further explored, with an mDNA study finding that the two black-backed jackal subspecies had diverged from each other 2.5 million years ago to form the south
African and east African populations. The study proposes that due to this long separation, which is
2995:
Lindblad-Toh, K.; Wade, C. M.; Mikkelsen, T. S.; Karlsson, E. K.; Jaffe, D. B.; Kamal, M.; Clamp, M.; Chang, J. L.; Kulbokas, E. J.; Zody, M. C.; Mauceli, E.; Xie, X.; Breen, M.; Wayne, R. K.; Ostrander, E. A.; Ponting, C. P.; Galibert, F.; Smith, D. R.; Dejong, P. J.; Kirkness, E.; Alvarez, P.;
2845:
Perri, Angela R.; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Mouton, Alice; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; Hulme-Beaman, Ardern; Haile, James; Jamieson, Alexandra; Meachen, Julie; Lin, Audrey T.; Schubert, Blaine W.; Ameen, Carly; Antipina, Ekaterina E.; Bover, Pere; Brace, Selina; Carmagnini, Alberto; Carøe, Christian;
2642:
became more common by the late 19th century. Strychnine poisoning was initially problematic, as the solution had a bitter taste, and could only work if swallowed. Consequently, many jackals learned to regurgitate poisoned baits, thus inciting wildlife managers to use the less detectable crystal
2811:
Alvares, Francisco; Bogdanowicz, Wieslaw; Campbell, Liz A.D.; Godinho, Rachel; Hatlauf, Jennifer; Jhala, Yadvendradev V.; Kitchener, Andrew C.; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Krofel, Miha; Moehlman, Patricia D.; Senn, Helen; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Viranta, Suvi; Werhahn, Geraldine (2019).
75:
2556:, where it is often paired with the lion, whom it frequently outsmarts or betrays with its superior intelligence. One story explains that the black-backed jackal gained its dark saddle when it offered to carry the Sun on its back. An alternative account comes from the
2217:
dispersal of large seeds." Such disperal is long-distance, the size of their home ranges (7–15.9 km). The jackals urinate on buried fruits and later return to them; it is suggested either to mark ownership or mask their smell from rival jackals. Seeds from their
2606:
Due to livestock losses to jackals, many hunting clubs were opened in South Africa in the 1850s. Black-backed jackals have never been successfully eradicated in hunting areas, despite strenuous attempts to do so with dogs, poison, and gas. Black-backed jackal
1814:, though its skull and dentition are more robust and the incisors much sharper. It weighs 6–13 kg (13–29 lb), stands 38–48 cm (15–19 in) at the shoulder, and measures 67.3–81.2 cm (26.5–32.0 in) in body length.
1936:
The species generally shows a preference for open areas with little dense vegetation, though it occupies a wide range of habitats, from arid coastal deserts to areas with more than 2000 mm of rainfall. It also occurs in farmlands,
444:
animal, whose young may remain with the family to help raise new generations of pups. The black-backed jackal has a wide array of food sources, feeding on small to medium-sized animals, as well as plant matter and human refuse.
2234:, the former species aggressively drives out the latter from grassland habitats into woodlands. This is unique among carnivores, as larger species commonly displace smaller ones. Black-backed jackal pups are vulnerable to
2560:, whose folklore tells that the jackal received the burn on its back as a punishment for its scavenging habits. According to an ancient Ethiopian folktale, jackals and man first became enemies shortly before the
2201:
by prolonged harassment of the snake and crushing of the snake's head. They typically kill tall prey by biting at the legs and loins, and frequently go for the throat. Like most canids, the black-backed jackal
9711:
3622:
Shikesho, S. D.; Midgley, J. J.; Marais, E.; Johnson, S. D. (2024). "Frugivory by carnivores: Black-backed jackals are key dispersers of seeds of the scented !nara melon in the Namib Desert".
2654:
often made hats and cloaks out of black-backed jackal skins. Between 1914 and 1917, 282,134 jackal pelts (nearly 50,000 a year) were produced in South Africa. Demand for pelts grew during the
1818:
used to differentiate individuals. The tail is bushy and tipped with black. The lips, throat, chest, and inner surface of the limbs are white. The winter coat is a much deeper reddish brown.
2945:
Forest and woodland vegetation in the highlands of Dogu'a
Tembien. In: Nyssen J., Jacob, M., Frankl, A. (Eds.). Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District
2222:
germinate better than those extracted directly from ripe fruit. While other carnivores eat other fruits, this seems to be the first case where they might be a plant's primary dispersers.
1882:, the species does not howl, instead relying more on yelps. In contrast, black-backed jackals in Southern Africa howl much like golden jackals. When trapped, it cackles like a fox.
3447:
Atickem, Anagaw; Stenseth, Nils Chr; Drouilly, Marine; Bock, Steffen; Roos, Christian; Zinner, Dietmar (2018). "Deep divergence among mitochondrial lineages in
African jackals".
2619:, who as an avid fox hunter, sought a more effective method of managing jackal populations, as shooting proved ineffective. Coursing jackals also became a popular pastime in the
1563:
Because of this deep divergence between the black-backed jackal and the rest of the "wolf-like" canids, one author has proposed to change the species' generic name from
2189:
seem to be the upper limit of their killing capacity, though they target larger species if those are sick, with one pair having been observed to harass a crippled bull
2580:
Black-backed jackals occasionally hunt domestic animals, including dogs, cats, pigs, goats, sheep, and poultry, with sheep tending to predominate. They rarely target
76:
9509:
3350:
Wayne, R. K.; Van
Valkenburgh, B; Kat, P. W.; Fuller, T. K.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (1989). "Genetic and morphological divergence among sympatric canids".
3482:
Hassanin, Alexandre; Veron, Géraldine; Ropiquet, Anne; Jansen Van Vuuren, Bettine; Lécu, Alexis; Goodman, Steven M.; Haider, Jibran; Nguyen, Trung Thanh (2021).
9574:
1755:
Distinguished from the nominate subspecies by its shorter and wider skull, longer and narrower carnassials, and smaller upper and lower molar grinding areas.
9641:
1605:
The phylogenetic tree for the wolf-like canids may give conflicting positions for the black-backed jackal and the side-striped jackal relative to the genus
1850:
2213:, a leafless, spined drought resilient plant using their jaws to bite through their tough skins. "The chewing molars of canids make them ideal agents for
9716:
1810:-like canid with a slender body, long legs, and large ears. It is similar to the closely related side-striped jackal and more distantly related to the
9483:
9535:
1511:
are well adapted for water deprivation. It is, however, more adapted to a carnivorous diet than the other jackals, as shown by its well-developed
9701:
2953:
2770:
1575:
longer than the separation of the
African golden wolf from the wolf lineage, that the two subspecies might warrant separate species status.
1677:
1484:
262:
49:
9696:
3870:
1545:
sequences between black-backed jackals and other sympatric "jackal" species, consistent with divergence 2.3–4.5 million years ago.
1890:
9706:
2923:
5240:
3803:
3398:
3232:
3190:
2539:
1504:
1590:) to form a monophyletic lineage that sits outside of the Canis/Cuon/Lycaon clade, that they should be placed in a distinct genus,
440:-like animal with a reddish brown to tan coat and a black saddle that extends from the shoulders to the base of the tail. It is a
9676:
5584:
2666:. Jackals in their winter fur were in great demand, though animals killed by poison were less valued, as their fur would shed.
9656:
9566:
3082:
9540:
1910:
of 60 days. Pups are born from July to
October. Summer births are thought to be timed to coincide with population peaks of
9691:
7802:
9686:
2818:
spp. with taxonomic ambiguity: Workshop conclusions and recommendations. CIBIO. Vairão, Portugal, 28th – 30th May 2019"
9671:
9666:
9561:
9522:
9431:
4996:
3541:
3124:
1418:
1374:
7793:
3243:
von
Schreber, Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen 2 (14); Verlag Wolfgang Walther; 1775
2996:
Biagi, T.; Brockman, W.; Butler, J.; Chin, C. W.; Cook, A.; Cuff, J.; Daly, M. J.; Decaprio, D.; et al. (2005).
1438:
1345:
9258:
8914:
7280:
3842:
2847:
1316:
1258:
1229:
120:
9579:
1954:
1746:
1287:
1191:
9681:
9661:
6119:
678:
3675:
3658:
3289:
2900:
This finding is consistent with previously proposed designations of the genera Lupulella for the African jackals
9177:
9072:
7811:
6101:
5796:
4845:
2505:
2139:
1915:
5829:
5772:
5593:
9618:
2915:
Canids of the World: Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, and Their Relatives (Princeton Field Guides)
8839:
7820:
7551:
7244:
7179:
6561:
6137:
5610:
5132:
3863:
2523:
2373:
2327:
1798:
1637:. These subspecies are geographically separated by a gap which extends northwards from Zambia to Tanzania:
9423:
9358:
9063:
8815:
8628:
8504:
8116:
8098:
7926:
7620:
7611:
7253:
5991:
4783:
2851:
2435:
2393:
2293:
2210:
461:
287:
9436:
3818:
2855:
9600:
9240:
8495:
8477:
8468:
8459:
7944:
7935:
7307:
6077:
6059:
6008:
5946:
5928:
5919:
5856:
5805:
5634:
4071:
2683:
2616:
1557:
426:
406:
245:
7262:
7158:
6068:
5643:
2118:), carrion, hares, hoofed livestock, insects, and rodents. They also prey on small carnivores, such as
1841:
9457:
9405:
9396:
9081:
8982:
8941:
8655:
8166:
7894:
7220:
6285:
6035:
6026:
5982:
5937:
5560:
5066:
4801:
4627:
3814:
3495:
3223:
3009:
2867:
2297:
2186:
2017:
1522:
9321:
9267:
9039:
8486:
8372:
8354:
8199:
8048:
7953:
7203:
7149:
6898:
6631:
5895:
5168:
5150:
5005:
4854:
4357:
2813:
2643:
strychnine rather than liquid. The poison was usually placed within sheep carcasses or in balls of
2379:
2231:
1879:
1861:
1671:
1553:
1533:
divergence within the Canidae indicate that the black-backed jackal and other members of the genus
1526:
1414:
618:
441:
433:
85:
8700:
6391:
3484:"Evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) inferred from mitochondrial genomes"
2786:
2732:
9646:
9136:
8771:
8363:
7885:
7575:
7298:
7271:
6534:
6276:
6128:
5231:
5023:
4963:
4348:
4284:
3961:
3856:
3680:
3464:
3332:
3147:
2891:
2321:
1865:
1560:
members of this clade, which means that this tree is indicating an African origin for the clade.
1500:
781:
308:
115:
9605:
5123:
1980:
1582:/SSC Canid Specialist Group recommends that because DNA evidence shows the side-striped jackal (
9514:
2980:
398:, due to its widespread range and adaptability, although it is still persecuted as a livestock
9587:
9444:
9015:
8932:
8712:
8208:
8175:
7099:
6606:
6328:
6110:
5964:
5838:
5722:
5075:
4905:
4863:
4810:
4590:
4572:
4330:
3799:
3639:
3523:
3394:
3367:
3228:
3186:
3078:
3027:
2949:
2919:
2913:
2883:
2766:
2758:
2429:
2283:
2275:
2171:
1693:
1610:
1549:
1542:
1073:
1069:
829:
718:
212:
9651:
9592:
9294:
9127:
8405:
7835:
7125:
6907:
6657:
5847:
5746:
5530:
5521:
5105:
4896:
4887:
4681:
4672:
4230:
3796:
The rise of conservation in South Africa: settlers, livestock, and the environment 1770–1950
3670:
3631:
3588:
3513:
3503:
3456:
3427:
3386:
3359:
3324:
3139:
3017:
2875:
2727:
2279:
2255:
2040:
1911:
1907:
1625:
into the lineage that led to the black-backed jackal around 6.2–5.2 million years ago.
1538:
1370:
495:
3699:
9553:
9312:
9303:
9231:
9186:
8848:
8798:
8789:
8664:
8610:
8554:
8423:
8396:
8289:
8107:
8066:
8031:
7776:
6839:
6519:
6510:
6017:
5755:
5204:
4654:
4581:
4275:
4080:
4014:
3991:
3820:
The living animals of the world; a popular natural history with one thousand illustrations
3363:
2655:
2598:
2593:
2444:
2411:
2288:
2203:
2143:
2123:
1919:
993:
921:
877:
761:
598:
348:
6552:
4539:
3224:
Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs – 2004 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
2557:
2102:
In South Africa, black-backed jackals frequently prey on antelopes (primarily impala and
9410:
3499:
3013:
2871:
9285:
9204:
9006:
8753:
8646:
8619:
7672:
7289:
6889:
6753:
6436:
5973:
5955:
5886:
5497:
5488:
5090:
5051:
4005:
3917:
3748:
3518:
3483:
2663:
2620:
2214:
2135:
1991:
1312:
1013:
973:
945:
897:
857:
809:
698:
202:
421:, the black-backed jackal is a very ancient species, and has changed little since the
9635:
9548:
9249:
9145:
9118:
8744:
8442:
8387:
7909:
7853:
7594:
7235:
6690:
6252:
5417:
5384:
5186:
5177:
5114:
5014:
4972:
4824:
4417:
3700:"Regional variation in the diet of martial eagles in the Cape Province, South Africa"
3592:
3568:
3183:
The behavior guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates
3151:
2895:
2718:
2651:
2572:, thinking they were unworthy of being saved, until being commanded by God to do so.
2569:
2259:
2243:
2151:
2147:
2088:
1903:
1874:
1853:
1811:
1618:
1552:(mDNA) sequence alignment for the wolf-like canids gave a phylogenetic tree with the
1283:
1033:
741:
658:
638:
578:
395:
105:
100:
3468:
3254:
2709:
1499:
As no fossils have been found north of Ethiopia, the species likely has always been
9276:
9222:
8923:
8691:
8637:
8414:
8313:
7868:
7844:
7663:
7654:
7474:
7441:
7364:
7325:
6735:
6717:
6579:
6451:
5910:
5311:
5274:
5159:
5141:
4554:
4500:
4426:
4104:
3420:
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki I Selektsii – Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding
2998:"Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog"
2239:
2235:
2194:
2131:
2028:
1254:
515:
355:
17:
9449:
2682:
For a full set of supporting references refer to the note (a) in the phylotree at
3508:
2943:
74:
9496:
9390:
8890:
8081:
7998:
7971:
7720:
7634:
7566:
7492:
7483:
7450:
7408:
7373:
7090:
6983:
6815:
6355:
6267:
5820:
5393:
5213:
4878:
4792:
4775:
4752:
4715:
4599:
4563:
4408:
4197:
4052:
2854:; Wayne, Robert K.; Larson, Greger; Cooper, Alan; Frantz, Laurent A. F. (2021).
2612:
2561:
2247:
2198:
2036:
1763:
1614:
422:
344:
2879:
2193:. A pair of black-backed jackals in the Kalahari desert was observed to kill a
2002:
1617:(from the cell's nucleus). The explanation proposed is that mitochondrial DNA
9099:
8345:
8276:
8263:
8230:
8016:
7754:
7514:
7062:
7039:
6925:
6916:
6865:
6830:
6806:
6570:
6469:
6418:
6364:
6346:
6319:
6226:
6176:
5575:
5548:
5476:
5459:
5222:
5195:
5041:
4945:
4929:
4765:
4645:
4485:
4321:
4188:
3980:
3948:
3932:
2639:
2190:
2155:
1969:
1709:
1512:
61:
9381:
3749:"The black-backed jackal and the brown hyena : a !Kung Bushman folktale"
3643:
9470:
9030:
8965:
8578:
8518:
8304:
8125:
7740:
7732:
7681:
7531:
7417:
7399:
7113:
6947:
6780:
6622:
6588:
6400:
6092:
5366:
4836:
4312:
3880:
3278:"A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods"
2659:
2402:
2308:
2103:
2048:
2013:
1090:
535:
222:
172:
132:
9527:
3848:
3527:
3031:
2887:
2765:. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 577.
3837:
3617:
3615:
3371:
1507:, and can thrive in a wide variety of habitats, including deserts, as its
9375:
8727:
8190:
8007:
7983:
7344:
7194:
7140:
7076:
7071:
7024:
6956:
6874:
6744:
6493:
6484:
6382:
6337:
6217:
6050:
5874:
5787:
5696:
5686:
5665:
5625:
5512:
5444:
5352:
5343:
4663:
4459:
4212:
4095:
4062:
3911:
3899:
3722:
Birds of prey of southern Africa: Their identification and life histories
2624:
2608:
2553:
2368:
2163:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2092:
2068:
2056:
1759:
1705:
1530:
1516:
399:
387:
379:
367:
363:
152:
39:
3774:
Nel Mondo della Natura: Enciclopedia Motta di Scienze Naturali, Zoologia
3416:"The Canis tangle: a systematics overview and taxonomic recommendations"
3022:
2997:
9613:
9488:
9109:
8956:
8830:
8545:
8057:
7387:
6853:
6409:
6373:
6240:
6208:
6192:
5705:
5408:
4987:
4468:
4375:
4293:
4221:
4163:
4140:
4033:
3684:
3336:
2628:
2623:. In the western Cape in the early 20th century, dogs bred by crossing
2316:
2301:
2251:
2182:
2167:
2159:
2127:
2044:
1938:
1767:
1701:
1170:
1086:
555:
383:
375:
359:
340:
192:
182:
3635:
3460:
3432:
3415:
2638:
Spring traps with metal jaws were also effective, though poisoning by
9501:
9418:
9213:
9160:
8905:
8593:
8327:
7047:
6708:
6543:
6300:
5737:
4509:
4435:
4384:
4366:
4339:
4260:
4122:
3905:
3893:
3277:
2632:
2581:
2271:
2178:
2107:
2096:
2080:
2060:
2052:
2032:
1965:
1819:
1807:
1771:
1697:
1508:
1225:
437:
403:
354:
One region includes the southernmost tip of the continent, including
162:
142:
9352:
3328:
3312:
2230:
In areas where the black-backed jackal is sympatric with the larger
9475:
3221:". In Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffman, M. & MacDonald, D. W., ed.,
9195:
9054:
8997:
8870:
8673:
8530:
8157:
8139:
7762:
7432:
6681:
6666:
5327:
4618:
4113:
2597:
2538:
2219:
2084:
2076:
1889:
1869:
1797:
1341:
454:
417:
413:
371:
65:
3659:"Habitat ecology of two sympatric species of jackals in Zimbabwe"
2856:"Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage"
2763:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
8569:
7465:
6790:
6726:
4399:
4131:
3143:
2979:, Volume 3, Part A: Carnivores, University of Chicago Press, p.
2565:
2552:
Black-backed jackals feature prominently in the folklore of the
2514:
2448:
2440:
2072:
2064:
1634:
1579:
1525:
classed the black-backed jackal as being closely related to the
1187:
429:
391:
9462:
9356:
8261:
7718:
7022:
6174:
5309:
4750:
3930:
3852:
3735:
Reynard the fox in South Africa: or, Hottentot fables and tales
3217:
Loveridge, A.J. & Nel, J.A.J. (2004). "Black-backed jackal
1609:
members depending on whether the genetic markers were based on
6699:
6308:
4636:
3255:"Die geographische Verbreitung der Afrikanischen Grauschakale"
2644:
1165:
351:. These regions are separated by roughly 900 kilometers.
797:
789:
3676:
10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0599:heotss>2.0.co;2
370:. The other area is along the eastern coastline, including
2027:
Black-backed jackals are omnivores. Their diet includes
1503:
in distribution. The black-backed jackal is relatively
3542:"The Cape Cross Seal Reserve in Namibia, October 2017"
3385:
Juliane Kaminski & Sarah Marshall-Pescini (2014).
2177:
A single jackal is capable of killing a healthy adult
686:
2977:
East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa
2099:. They also consume occasionally fruits and berries.
1529:, based on cranial and dental characters. Studies on
3698:
Boshoff, A.F.; Palmer, N.G. & Avery, G. (1990).
9365:
9158:
9107:
9098:
9052:
9028:
8995:
8954:
8903:
8869:
8828:
8787:
8770:
8725:
8699:
8690:
8591:
8567:
8543:
8517:
8440:
8385:
8343:
8326:
8302:
8274:
8229:
8188:
8155:
8138:
8079:
8029:
7996:
7970:
7907:
7866:
7833:
7774:
7753:
7731:
7633:
7592:
7564:
7530:
7513:
7463:
7430:
7386:
7343:
7324:
7233:
7192:
7138:
7112:
7088:
7060:
7038:
6982:
6955:
6946:
6887:
6852:
6828:
6804:
6789:
6778:
6679:
6620:
6605:
6532:
6482:
6450:
6435:
6298:
6265:
6239:
6206:
6190:
6090:
6048:
5908:
5873:
5818:
5785:
5735:
5694:
5685:
5664:
5623:
5573:
5547:
5510:
5475:
5458:
5442:
5406:
5365:
5341:
5326:
5273:
5088:
5049:
5040:
4985:
4944:
4926:
4876:
4823:
4774:
4763:
4714:
4616:
4552:
4526:
4498:
4457:
4448:
4397:
4310:
4273:
4247:
4210:
4186:
4177:
4161:
4093:
4060:
4051:
4031:
3989:
3978:
3946:
3276:Clutton-Brock, J.; Corbet, G.G.; Hills, M. (1976).
2209:The jackals sniff out the ripe melon fruits of the
9712:Taxa named by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber
3387:"Chapter 1 – The Social Dog:History and Evolution"
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
2912:Castelló, José R. (2018). "Ch2-Wolf-like Canids".
3567:Kamler, J. F.; Foght, J. L.; Collins, K. (2009).
2154:), fish, and insects. In East Africa, during the
2134:, jackals feed primarily on marine birds (mainly
3657:Loveridge, A. J. & Macdonald, D. W. (2002).
3227:, pp. 161–166. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group,
2918:. Princeton University Press. pp. 155–159.
2752:
2750:
2270:Black-backed jackals can carry diseases such as
626:
606:
3185:. University of California Press. pp. 404–408.
3077:Volume V, Bloomsbury : London, pp. 39–45,
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
2170:. In Serengeti woodlands, they feed heavily on
543:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
2990:
2988:
2250:. Adults have few natural predators, save for
845:
837:
725:
3864:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
2806:
2804:
2733:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T3755A46122476.en
1541:. Further studies show a large difference in
749:
562:
8:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
2568:initially refused to allow jackals into the
1906:takes place from late May to August, with a
1491:in 1775. It was later proposed as the genus
1001:
885:
769:
432:-like canine, alongside the closely related
2937:
2935:
1556:and the black-backed jackal being the most
1021:
981:
961:
953:
929:
905:
865:
817:
706:
9353:
9104:
8883:
8784:
8705:
8696:
8523:
8340:
8282:
8271:
8258:
8152:
7976:
7771:
7728:
7715:
7647:
7544:
7527:
7392:
7357:
7340:
7118:
7085:
7035:
7019:
6952:
6858:
6801:
6786:
6617:
6462:
6447:
6245:
6203:
6187:
6171:
5879:
5691:
5682:
5553:
5481:
5472:
5455:
5377:
5338:
5323:
5319:
5306:
5270:
5046:
4956:
4941:
4923:
4829:
4771:
4760:
4747:
4532:
4454:
4253:
4183:
4174:
4057:
4048:
4044:
4028:
3986:
3975:
3954:
3943:
3927:
3871:
3857:
3849:
3824:, New York, Dodd, Mead and Company, pp. 92
3704:South African Journal of Wildlife Research
3609:, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, pp. 54–5, 62–3
2761:. In Wilson, D. E.; Reader, D. M. (eds.).
2087:. In coastal areas, they feed on beached
1941:, open savanna mosaics, and alpine areas.
1639:
1537:are separated by a considerable degree of
1515:shear and the longer cutting blade of the
1049:
1041:
666:
646:
586:
523:
503:
479:
286:
94:
72:
48:
31:
3674:
3517:
3507:
3431:
3021:
2731:
3313:"Allozyme Divergence Within the Canidae"
3123:Walton, L. R. & Joly, D. O. (2003).
2371:carried by black-backed jackals include
2697:
2675:
3843:Black-Backed Jackals (Canis mesomelas)
3073:Kingdon, J. & Hoffman, M. (2013),
2703:
2701:
2684:Evolution of the wolf#Wolf-like canids
3391:The Social Dog:Behavior and Cognition
3364:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110896
3311:Wayne, R. K.; O'Brien, S. J. (1987).
3292:from the original on 17 December 2013
2258:. Though there are some reports that
1621:occurred from an ancient ancestor of
7:
9619:97C2D56E-725E-4BA7-94B8-6368CE075CE9
1485:Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber
9642:IUCN Red List least concern species
5241:South African small-spotted genet (
2719:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2262:prey on both juveniles and adults.
2075:calves. They also feed on carrion,
1407:
1399:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1096:
1082:
3605:Owens, M. & Owens, D. (1984),
2789:. American Society of Mammalogists
1894:East African black-backed jackal (
1578:In 2019, a workshop hosted by the
25:
9717:Extant Pliocene first appearances
5585:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (
2850:; Stone, Anne C.; Shapiro, Beth;
1960:East Africa black-backed jackal (
1832:Social and territorial behaviours
1633:Two subspecies are recognised by
1076:with timing in millions of years
3836:
3593:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01173.x
2197:, and on a separate occasion, a
2001:
1979:
1953:
1840:
1745:
1736:East African black-backed jackal
1687:
1676:
1594:Hilzheimer, 1906 with the names
1437:
1417:
1373:
1344:
1315:
1286:
1257:
1228:
1190:
1169:
295:Black-backed jackal range, with
119:
2825:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group
1873:and urine on range boundaries.
278:
1:
9702:Least concern biota of Africa
4997:Malabar large-spotted civet (
3724:. Croom Helm, Beckenham (UK).
3569:"Single black-backed jackal (
2658:, and were primarily sold in
1860:The black-backed jackal is a
1806:The black-backed jackal is a
9259:Indonesian mountain weasel (
8915:North American river otter (
7803:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (
4857:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
3548:. independent-travellers.com
3509:10.1371/journal.pone.0240770
2611:was first introduced to the
2497:Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
2333:Joyeuxialla echinorhyncoides
2059:. Mammals are eaten such as
1886:Reproduction and development
6120:Somalian slender mongoose (
3798:, Oxford University Press,
3772:Motta, F. (editor) (1957),
3282:Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.)
2787:"Mammal Diversity Database"
1586:) and black-backed jackal (
412:Compared to members of the
9733:
9697:Mammals of Southern Africa
9073:Asian small-clawed otter (
7812:American hog-nosed skunk (
7794:Molina's hog-nosed skunk (
6102:Angolan slender mongoose (
5797:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (
4846:Small-toothed palm civet (
3753:Botswana Notes and Records
3737:, Trübner and co., pp. 67-
3581:African Journal of Ecology
2880:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x
2757:Wozencraft, C. W. (2005).
2591:
2130:. On the coastline of the
2008:Cape black-backed jackal (
1986:Cape black-backed jackal (
476:Local and indigenous names
9707:Mammals described in 1775
8978:
8886:
8840:Saharan striped polecat (
8811:
8708:
8526:
8285:
8270:
8257:
7979:
7821:Striped hog-nosed skunk (
7727:
7714:
7650:
7552:Mediterranean monk seal (
7547:
7395:
7360:
7281:Juan Fernández fur seal (
7245:South American fur seal (
7216:
7180:South American sea lion (
7175:
7121:
7034:
7018:
6861:
6653:
6562:South American gray fox (
6506:
6465:
6248:
6186:
6170:
6138:Common slender mongoose (
6004:
5882:
5768:
5718:
5611:Narrow-striped mongoose (
5606:
5556:
5484:
5380:
5322:
5318:
5305:
5269:
5133:Crested servaline genet (
4959:
4922:
4832:
4759:
4746:
4535:
4481:
4256:
4047:
4027:
3974:
3957:
3942:
3926:
3888:
2535:Relationships with humans
2399:Physaloptera praeputialis
2158:, they hunt the young of
2140:white-breasted cormorants
1774:, and northern Tanzania.
1432:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1368:
1339:
1310:
1281:
1252:
1223:
1185:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1094:
726:
563:
314:
307:
294:
285:
275:
270:
251:
244:
116:Scientific classification
114:
92:
83:
71:
56:
47:
34:
9196:Stoat/Beringian ermine (
9064:African clawless otter (
8816:African striped weasel (
8629:Yellow-throated marten (
8505:Formosan ferret-badger (
8209:Western mountain coati (
8200:Eastern mountain coati (
8117:Western lowland olingo (
8099:Eastern lowland olingo (
7927:Southern spotted skunk (
7621:Southern elephant seal (
7612:Northern elephant seal (
7402:Pagophilus groenlandicus
6179:("dog-like" carnivorans)
5992:Stripe-necked mongoose (
5613:Mungotictis decemlineata
4488:Herpailurus yagouaroundi
3935:("cat-like" carnivorans)
3733:Bleek, W. H. I. (1864),
2602:Black-backed jackal pelt
2519:Ctenocephalides cornatus
1664:Cape black-backed jackal
486:Linguistic group or area
9677:Mammals of South Africa
9241:Yellow-bellied weasel (
8496:Burmese ferret-badger (
8478:Chinese ferret-badger (
8469:Bornean ferret badger (
8460:Vietnam ferret-badger (
7945:Eastern spotted skunk (
7936:Western spotted skunk (
7666:Leptonychotes weddellii
7308:Subantarctic fur seal (
7254:Australasian fur seal (
6078:Black-footed mongoose (
6060:Bushy-tailed mongoose (
6009:White-tailed mongoose (
5947:Indian brown mongoose (
5929:Short-tailed mongoose (
5920:Small Indian mongoose (
5857:Flat-headed kusimanse (
5830:Alexander's kusimanse (
5806:Common dwarf mongoose (
5773:Pousargues's mongoose (
5635:Brown-tailed mongoose (
5594:Grandidier's mongoose (
4848:Arctogalidia trivirgata
4072:Sunda clouded leopard (
3393:. Elsevier. p. 4.
3352:The Journal of Heredity
3259:Zoologischer Beobachter
3253:Hilzheimer, M. (1906).
2852:Van Valkenburgh, Blaire
2524:Echidnophaga gallinacea
2374:Ancylostoma braziliense
2328:Echinococcus granulosus
2307:Jackals may also carry
2226:Enemies and competitors
1916:four-striped grass mice
866:
846:
838:
818:
770:
750:
707:
667:
647:
627:
587:
524:
504:
9082:Congo clawless otter (
8985:Hydrictis maculicollis
8983:Spotted-necked otter (
8942:Southern river otter (
8893:Pteronura brasiliensis
8656:European pine marten (
8167:South American coati (
7895:Palawan stink badger (
7221:New Zealand sea lion (
6286:Japanese raccoon dog (
5983:Crab-eating mongoose (
5938:Indian grey mongoose (
5561:Ring-tailed vontsira (
5372:(bone-crushing hyenas)
5067:Central African oyan (
4628:Chinese mountain cat (
3573:) kills adult impala (
3546:Independent Travellers
2603:
2544:
2436:Trypanosoma congolense
2341:Mesocestoides lineatus
2294:African horse sickness
2266:Diseases and parasites
1899:
1803:
1062:Taxonomy and evolution
1050:
1042:
1022:
1002:
982:
962:
954:
930:
906:
886:
798:
790:
687:
607:
544:
390:. It is listed by the
9657:Carnivorans of Africa
9601:Paleobiology Database
9322:Back-striped weasel (
9268:Black-footed ferret (
9040:Smooth-coated otter (
8818:Poecilogale albinucha
8487:Javan ferret-badger (
8373:Sumatran hog badger (
8355:Northern hog badger (
8049:Crab-eating raccoon (
7954:Pygmy spotted skunk (
7675:Lobodon carcinophagus
7411:Histriophoca fasciata
7204:Australian sea lion (
7150:California sea lion (
6899:American black bear (
6641:Black-backed jackal (
6632:Side-striped jackal (
6472:Chrysocyon brachyurus
5896:Long-nosed mongoose (
5169:Rusty-spotted genet (
5006:Large-spotted civet (
4855:Sulawesi palm civet (
4784:Owston's palm civet (
4358:Andean mountain cat (
2848:Gilbert, M. Thomas P.
2708:Hoffmann, M. (2014).
2617:Lord Charles Somerset
2601:
2542:
2473:Haemaphysalis leachii
2469:Boophilus decoloratus
1893:
1801:
9692:Fauna of East Africa
9137:Long-tailed weasel (
8715:Lyncodon patagonicus
8364:Greater hog badger (
7886:Sunda stink badger (
7576:Hawaiian monk seal (
7299:Guadalupe fur seal (
7272:Antarctic fur seal (
7263:Galápagos fur seal (
7159:Galápagos sea lion (
6277:Common raccoon dog (
6129:Cape gray mongoose (
6069:Jackson's mongoose (
6029:Paracynictis selousi
6020:Cynictis penicillata
5644:Durrell's vontsira (
5232:Giant forest genet (
5024:Large Indian civet (
4964:Small Indian civet (
4573:Sunda leopard cat (
4349:Southern tiger cat (
4285:African golden cat (
3962:African palm civet (
3845:at Wikimedia Commons
3794:Beinart, W. (2003),
3747:Biesele, M. (1972).
3663:Journal of Mammalogy
2975:Kingdon, J. (1977),
2726:: e.T3755A46122476.
2543:Right front pawprint
2298:Etosha National Park
2018:Etosha National Park
1688:Physical description
1649:Trinomial authority
1523:Juliet Clutton-Brock
339:, is a medium-sized
337:silver-backed jackal
27:Species of carnivore
9687:Mammals of Tanzania
9180:M. aistoodonnivalis
9016:Hairy-nosed otter (
8933:Neotropical otter (
8713:Patagonian weasel (
8176:White-nosed coati (
7376:Cystophora cristata
7367:Erignathus barbatus
7100:Northern fur seal (
6877:Helarctos malayanus
6513:Atelocynus microtis
6220:U. cinereoargenteus
6111:Egyptian mongoose (
6038:Rhynchogale melleri
6036:Meller's mongoose (
6027:Selous's mongoose (
6011:Ichneumia albicauda
5965:Collared mongoose (
5839:Angolan kusimanse (
5723:Liberian mongoose (
5076:West African oyan (
4975:Civettictis civetta
4906:Golden palm civet (
4864:Masked palm civet (
4839:Arctictis binturong
4813:Hemigalus derbyanus
4811:Banded palm civet (
4802:Hose's palm civet (
4591:Rusty-spotted cat (
3607:Cry of the Kalahari
3500:2021PLoSO..1640770H
3023:10.1038/nature04338
3014:2005Natur.438..803L
2942:Aerts, Raf (2019).
2872:2021Natur.591...87P
2576:Livestock predation
2385:A. martinaglia
2232:side-striped jackal
1896:C. m. schmidti
1880:African golden wolf
1870:social organisation
1672:nominate subspecies
1600:Lupulella mesomelas
1554:side-striped jackal
1527:side-striped jackal
1435:Black-backed jackal
1415:Side-striped jackal
482:
434:side-striped jackal
335:), also called the
332:Lupulella mesomelas
327:black-backed jackal
255:Lupulella mesomelas
86:Conservation status
35:Black-backed jackal
18:Black-backed Jackal
9672:Mammals of Somalia
9667:Mammals of Namibia
9295:European polecat (
9128:Colombian weasel (
8778:(African polecats)
8406:Caucasian badger (
8334:(Eurasian badgers)
7784:(hog-nosed skunks)
7521:("southern seals")
7420:Halichoerus grypus
7351:("northern seals")
7223:Phocarctos hookeri
7128:Eumetopias jubatus
7126:Steller sea lion (
6908:Asian black bear (
6658:African wild dog (
6612:(wolf-like canids)
5889:Atilax paludinosus
5848:Common kusimanse (
5775:Dologale dybowskii
5747:Gambian mongoose (
5531:Western falanouc (
5522:Eastern falanouc (
5491:Cryptoprocta ferox
5396:Parahyaena brunnea
5151:Johnston's genet (
5106:Abyssinian genet (
5058:(African linsangs)
4966:Viverricula indica
4897:Brown palm civet (
4888:Asian palm civet (
4795:Cynogale bennettii
4786:Chrotogale owstoni
4682:European wildcat (
4673:Black-footed cat (
4263:Leptailurus serval
4231:Asian golden cat (
3997:(Asiatic linsangs)
3720:Steyn, P. (1983).
3624:Journal of Zoology
3575:Aepyceros melampus
3414:Dinets, V (2015).
3317:Systematic Zoology
3181:Estes, R. (1992).
2948:. SpringerNature.
2604:
2545:
2529:Synosternus caffer
2506:R. sanguineus
2493:I. rubicundus
2465:A. variegatum
2453:Amblyomma hebraeum
2394:A. tubaeforme
2361:T. pungutchui
2349:T. hydatigena
2322:Dipylidium caninum
2187:Thomson's gazelles
2172:African grass rats
2071:up to the size of
1900:
1866:territorial animal
1804:
1802:Skull and skeleton
569:tikur-jerba kebero
480:
277:2 subspecies, see
9629:
9628:
9588:Open Tree of Life
9359:Taxon identifiers
9350:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9338:
9337:
9334:
9333:
9313:Siberian weasel (
9304:American ermine (
9232:Japanese weasel (
9187:Mountain weasel (
9171:
9094:
9093:
8880:
8865:
8864:
8861:
8860:
8849:Striped polecat (
8799:Marbled polecat (
8781:
8766:
8765:
8738:
8686:
8685:
8665:Japanese marten (
8611:American marten (
8604:
8462:M. cucphuongensis
8453:
8436:
8435:
8424:European badger (
8397:Japanese badger (
8337:
8290:American badger (
8253:
8252:
8249:
8248:
8225:
8224:
8221:
8220:
8149:
8108:Northern olingo (
8092:
8067:Cozumel raccoon (
8042:
7966:
7965:
7920:
7879:
7787:
7768:
7710:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7702:
7701:
7698:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7684:Ommatophoca rossi
7657:Hydrurga leptonyx
7644:
7641:(Antarctic seals)
7614:M. angustirostris
7605:
7588:
7587:
7554:Monachus monachus
7541:
7524:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7354:
7337:
7320:
7319:
7182:Otaria flavescens
7171:
7170:
7082:
7050:Odobenus rosmarus
7014:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6965:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6840:Spectacled bear (
6798:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6614:
6601:
6600:
6520:Crab-eating fox (
6511:Short-eared dog (
6459:
6444:
6431:
6430:
6313:
6255:Otocyon megalotis
6199:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6018:Yellow mongoose (
5869:
5868:
5756:Banded mongoose (
5725:Liberiictus kuhni
5679:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5543:
5542:
5469:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5374:
5335:
5301:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5205:Servaline genet (
5124:Bourlon's genet (
5099:
5060:
5036:
5035:
4918:
4917:
4890:P. hermaphroditus
4742:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4655:African wildcat (
4612:
4611:
4582:Flat-headed cat (
4522:
4521:
4306:
4305:
4243:
4242:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4081:Clouded leopard (
4040:
4015:Spotted linsang (
3999:
3964:Nandinia binotata
3841:Media related to
3822:Volume 1: Mammals
3636:10.1111/jzo.13153
3461:10.1111/zsc.12257
3449:Zoologica Scripta
3433:10.18699/vj15.036
3136:Mammalian Species
3075:Mammals of Africa
3008:(7069): 803–819.
2955:978-3-030-04954-6
2772:978-0-8018-8221-0
2759:"Order Carnivora"
2481:H. spinulosa
2430:Toxoplasma gondii
2357:T. multiceps
2353:T. jackhalsi
2337:J. pasqualei
2284:canine adenovirus
2276:canine parvovirus
2256:African wild dogs
2162:, impalas, topi,
2106:and occasionally
1791:
1790:
1787:
1730:
1694:Cape of Good Hope
1611:mitochondrial DNA
1550:mitochondrial DNA
1543:mitochondrial DNA
1495:Hilzheimer 1906.
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1386:
1385:
1357:
1356:
1328:
1327:
1299:
1298:
1270:
1269:
1241:
1240:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1070:Phylogenetic tree
1059:
1058:
1055:
1036:
1027:
1016:
1007:
996:
987:
976:
967:
948:
939:
924:
915:
900:
891:
880:
871:
860:
851:
832:
823:
812:
803:
784:
775:
764:
755:
744:
735:
721:
712:
701:
692:
681:
672:
661:
652:
641:
632:
621:
612:
601:
592:
581:
572:
558:
549:
538:
529:
518:
509:
498:
481:Indigenous names
425:, being the most
323:
322:
237:L. mesomelas
109:
77:
16:(Redirected from
9724:
9682:Mammals of Sudan
9662:Mammals of Kenya
9622:
9621:
9609:
9608:
9596:
9595:
9583:
9582:
9570:
9569:
9557:
9556:
9544:
9543:
9531:
9530:
9518:
9517:
9505:
9504:
9492:
9491:
9479:
9478:
9466:
9465:
9453:
9452:
9440:
9439:
9427:
9426:
9414:
9413:
9401:
9400:
9399:
9386:
9385:
9384:
9354:
9286:Malayan weasel (
9205:Steppe polecat (
9178:Sichuan weasel (
9170:
9169:
9165:
9105:
9042:L. perspicillata
9007:Eurasian otter (
8884:
8879:
8878:
8874:
8785:
8780:
8779:
8775:
8754:Greater grison (
8737:
8736:
8732:
8706:
8697:
8647:Nilgiri marten (
8620:Pacific marten (
8603:
8602:
8598:
8524:
8507:M. subaurantiaca
8452:
8451:
8450:(ferret-badgers)
8447:
8341:
8336:
8335:
8331:
8283:
8272:
8259:
8153:
8148:
8147:
8143:
8091:
8090:
8086:
8041:
8040:
8036:
7977:
7919:
7918:
7917:(spotted skunks)
7914:
7878:
7877:
7873:
7786:
7785:
7781:
7772:
7767:
7766:
7758:
7729:
7716:
7673:Crabeater seal (
7648:
7643:
7642:
7638:
7604:
7603:
7602:(elephant seals)
7599:
7578:N. schauinslandi
7545:
7540:
7539:
7535:
7528:
7523:
7522:
7518:
7393:
7358:
7353:
7352:
7348:
7341:
7336:
7335:
7329:
7290:Brown fur seal (
7265:A. galapagoensis
7152:Z. californianus
7119:
7086:
7081:
7080:
7066:
7036:
7028:
7020:
6964:
6963:
6959:
6953:
6868:Melursus ursinus
6859:
6802:
6797:
6794:
6787:
6754:Ethiopian wolf (
6618:
6613:
6610:
6463:
6458:
6455:
6448:
6443:
6440:
6329:Blanford's fox (
6312:
6305:
6246:
6204:
6198:
6195:
6188:
6180:
6172:
5974:Ruddy mongoose (
5956:Javan mongoose (
5887:Marsh mongoose (
5880:
5859:C. platycephalus
5692:
5683:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5554:
5498:Malagasy civet (
5482:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5456:
5451:
5378:
5373:
5370:
5339:
5334:
5331:
5324:
5320:
5307:
5271:
5098:
5095:
5059:
5056:
5047:
4957:
4953:
4942:
4937:
4924:
4830:
4772:
4761:
4748:
4542:Otocolobus manul
4533:
4455:
4331:Geoffroy's cat (
4254:
4184:
4175:
4170:
4058:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4036:
4029:
4006:Banded linsang (
3998:
3995:
3987:
3976:
3955:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3850:
3840:
3825:
3817:et al. (1902), (
3812:
3806:
3792:
3777:
3776:, Quinto Volume.
3771:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3744:
3738:
3731:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3678:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3619:
3610:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3521:
3511:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3235:
3215:
3194:
3179:
3156:
3155:
3133:
3120:
3085:
3071:
3036:
3035:
3025:
2992:
2983:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2822:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2705:
2686:
2680:
2615:in the 1820s by
2517:species include
2451:species include
2421:Rickettsia canis
2417:Hepatozoon canis
2365:T. serialis
2345:Taenia erythraea
2280:canine distemper
2144:jackass penguins
2005:
1983:
1957:
1908:gestation period
1898:) pups, Tanzania
1844:
1777:
1749:
1729:(A. Smith, 1833)
1715:
1680:
1640:
1596:Lupulella adusta
1539:genetic distance
1441:
1421:
1408:
1400:
1377:
1371:African wild dog
1348:
1319:
1290:
1261:
1232:
1194:
1174:
1173:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1097:
1083:
1074:wolf-like canids
1066:
1065:
1053:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1005:
999:
992:
985:
979:
972:
965:
957:
951:
944:
933:
927:
920:
909:
903:
896:
889:
883:
876:
869:
863:
856:
849:
841:
835:
828:
821:
815:
808:
801:
793:
787:
780:
773:
767:
760:
753:
747:
740:
729:
728:
724:
717:
710:
704:
697:
690:
684:
677:
670:
664:
657:
650:
644:
637:
630:
624:
617:
610:
604:
597:
590:
584:
577:
566:
565:
561:
554:
547:
541:
534:
527:
521:
514:
507:
501:
494:
489:Indigenous name
483:
290:
257:
124:
123:
103:
98:
97:
79:
78:
52:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
9732:
9731:
9727:
9726:
9725:
9723:
9722:
9721:
9632:
9631:
9630:
9625:
9617:
9612:
9604:
9599:
9591:
9586:
9578:
9573:
9565:
9560:
9552:
9547:
9539:
9534:
9526:
9521:
9513:
9508:
9500:
9495:
9487:
9482:
9474:
9469:
9461:
9456:
9448:
9443:
9435:
9430:
9424:canis-mesomelas
9422:
9417:
9411:Canis_mesomelas
9409:
9404:
9397:Canis mesomelas
9395:
9394:
9389:
9380:
9379:
9374:
9367:Canis mesomelas
9361:
9351:
9330:
9306:M. richardsonii
9250:European mink (
9167:
9166:
9164:
9154:
9146:American mink (
9119:Amazon weasel (
9090:
9048:
9024:
8991:
8974:
8950:
8899:
8876:
8875:
8873:
8857:
8824:
8807:
8777:
8776:
8774:
8762:
8745:Lesser grison (
8734:
8733:
8731:
8721:
8682:
8600:
8599:
8597:
8587:
8563:
8539:
8513:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8432:
8381:
8333:
8332:
8330:
8322:
8298:
8279:
8266:
8245:
8217:
8184:
8145:
8144:
8142:
8134:
8088:
8087:
8085:
8075:
8038:
8037:
8035:
8025:
7992:
7962:
7929:S. angustifrons
7916:
7915:
7913:
7903:
7876:(stink badgers)
7875:
7874:
7872:
7862:
7854:Striped skunk (
7829:
7823:C. semistriatus
7783:
7782:
7780:
7760:
7759:
7757:
7749:
7743:Ailurus fulgens
7723:
7690:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7629:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7584:
7560:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7501:
7459:
7426:
7382:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7333:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7316:
7229:
7212:
7188:
7167:
7134:
7108:
7075:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7061:
7056:
7030:
7026:
6998:
6978:
6961:
6960:
6934:
6883:
6848:
6824:
6795:
6793:
6783:
6762:
6691:Golden jackal (
6675:
6649:
6611:
6609:
6597:
6528:
6522:Cerdocyon thous
6502:
6478:
6456:
6454:
6441:
6439:
6427:
6392:Rüppell's fox (
6306:
6304:
6294:
6279:N. procyonoides
6261:
6253:Bat-eared fox (
6235:
6200:
6196:
6182:
6178:
6146:
6131:H. pulverulenta
6086:
6044:
6000:
5967:U. semitorquata
5922:U. auropunctata
5904:
5865:
5814:
5781:
5764:
5731:
5714:
5676:
5674:
5669:
5668:
5652:
5619:
5602:
5569:
5563:Galidia elegans
5539:
5506:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5452:
5447:
5426:
5418:Spotted hyena (
5402:
5385:Striped hyena (
5371:
5369:
5361:
5332:
5330:
5314:
5289:
5249:
5187:Aquatic genet (
5178:Pardine genet (
5115:Angolan genet (
5096:
5094:
5084:
5069:P. richardsonii
5057:
5055:
5032:
5015:Malayan civet (
4981:
4973:African civet (
4949:
4948:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4914:
4872:
4819:
4804:Diplogale hosei
4768:
4755:
4730:
4690:
4608:
4548:
4528:
4518:
4494:
4477:
4450:
4444:
4418:Eurasian lynx (
4393:
4302:
4269:
4249:
4239:
4206:
4179:
4171:
4166:
4149:
4089:
4041:
4037:
4023:
3996:
3983:
3970:
3951:
3938:
3934:
3922:
3884:
3877:
3833:
3828:
3813:
3809:
3793:
3780:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3732:
3728:
3719:
3715:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3604:
3600:
3571:Canis mesomelas
3566:
3565:
3561:
3551:
3549:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3494:(2): e0240770.
3481:
3480:
3476:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3329:10.2307/2413399
3310:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3219:Canis mesomelas
3216:
3197:
3180:
3159:
3131:
3127:Canis mesomelas
3122:
3121:
3088:
3072:
3039:
2994:
2993:
2986:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2866:(7848): 87–91.
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2820:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2712:Canis mesomelas
2707:
2706:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2656:First World War
2596:
2594:Jackal coursing
2590:
2578:
2550:
2537:
2501:R. evertsi
2477:H. silacea
2445:sarcoptic mange
2412:Ehrlichia canis
2380:A. caninum
2289:Ehrlichia canis
2268:
2228:
2206:surplus food.
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2012:) feeding on a
2010:C. m. mesomelas
2006:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1990:) feeding on a
1988:C. m. mesomelas
1984:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1958:
1947:
1934:
1929:
1920:Sexual maturity
1888:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1829:
1796:
1782:
1742:
1738:
1725:
1720:
1708:, and southern
1683:Schreber, 1775
1670:
1668:L. m. mesomelas
1666:
1631:
1588:Canis mesomelas
1489:Canis mesomelas
1478:
1469:
1460:
1451:
1387:
1358:
1329:
1300:
1271:
1242:
1213:
1204:
1168:
1089: 3.5
1064:
1047:
959:
935:
911:
843:
795:
478:
451:
349:southern Africa
317:Canis mesomelas
297:L. m. mesomelas
266:
259:
253:
240:
118:
110:
99:
95:
88:
73:
43:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9730:
9728:
9720:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9634:
9633:
9627:
9626:
9624:
9623:
9610:
9597:
9584:
9571:
9558:
9545:
9532:
9519:
9506:
9493:
9480:
9467:
9454:
9441:
9428:
9415:
9402:
9387:
9371:
9369:
9363:
9362:
9357:
9348:
9347:
9344:
9343:
9340:
9339:
9336:
9335:
9332:
9331:
9329:
9328:
9324:M. strigidorsa
9319:
9310:
9301:
9292:
9283:
9277:Least weasel (
9274:
9265:
9256:
9247:
9238:
9229:
9223:Haida ermine (
9220:
9211:
9207:M. eversmannii
9202:
9193:
9184:
9174:
9172:
9156:
9155:
9153:
9152:
9143:
9134:
9125:
9115:
9113:
9102:
9096:
9095:
9092:
9091:
9089:
9088:
9079:
9070:
9060:
9058:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9046:
9036:
9034:
9026:
9025:
9023:
9022:
9013:
9003:
9001:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8989:
8979:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8972:
8962:
8960:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8948:
8939:
8935:L. longicaudis
8930:
8924:Marine otter (
8921:
8911:
8909:
8901:
8900:
8898:
8897:
8887:
8881:
8867:
8866:
8863:
8862:
8859:
8858:
8856:
8855:
8846:
8836:
8834:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8822:
8812:
8809:
8808:
8806:
8805:
8795:
8793:
8782:
8768:
8767:
8764:
8763:
8761:
8760:
8751:
8741:
8739:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8719:
8709:
8703:
8694:
8688:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8671:
8662:
8653:
8644:
8638:Beech marten (
8635:
8626:
8617:
8607:
8605:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8575:
8573:
8565:
8564:
8562:
8561:
8551:
8549:
8541:
8540:
8538:
8537:
8527:
8521:
8515:
8514:
8512:
8511:
8502:
8493:
8484:
8475:
8466:
8456:
8454:
8438:
8437:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8430:
8421:
8415:Asian badger (
8412:
8403:
8393:
8391:
8383:
8382:
8380:
8379:
8370:
8361:
8357:A. albogularis
8351:
8349:
8338:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8320:
8314:Honey badger (
8310:
8308:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8296:
8286:
8280:
8275:
8268:
8267:
8262:
8255:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8243:
8242:
8241:
8235:
8233:
8227:
8226:
8223:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8216:
8215:
8206:
8196:
8194:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8182:
8173:
8163:
8161:
8150:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8132:
8123:
8114:
8105:
8095:
8093:
8077:
8076:
8074:
8073:
8064:
8055:
8051:P. cancrivorus
8045:
8043:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8019:B. sumichrasti
8014:
8004:
8002:
7994:
7993:
7991:
7990:
7980:
7974:
7968:
7967:
7964:
7963:
7961:
7960:
7951:
7942:
7933:
7923:
7921:
7905:
7904:
7902:
7901:
7892:
7882:
7880:
7864:
7863:
7861:
7860:
7851:
7845:Hooded skunk (
7841:
7839:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7827:
7818:
7809:
7800:
7790:
7788:
7769:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7747:
7737:
7735:
7725:
7724:
7719:
7712:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7696:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7688:
7679:
7670:
7664:Weddell seal (
7661:
7655:Leopard seal (
7651:
7645:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7618:
7608:
7606:
7590:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7582:
7572:
7570:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7558:
7548:
7542:
7525:
7511:
7510:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7490:
7481:
7475:Caspian seal (
7471:
7469:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7448:
7442:Spotted seal (
7438:
7436:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7424:
7415:
7406:
7396:
7390:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7371:
7365:Bearded seal (
7361:
7355:
7338:
7334:or true seals)
7332:(earless seals
7322:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7314:
7305:
7296:
7287:
7278:
7269:
7260:
7251:
7241:
7239:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7210:
7200:
7198:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7186:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7165:
7156:
7146:
7144:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7122:
7116:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7106:
7096:
7094:
7083:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7044:
7042:
7032:
7031:
7023:
7016:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6988:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6974:
6968:
6966:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6923:
6914:
6905:
6895:
6893:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6872:
6862:
6856:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6836:
6834:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6818:A. melanoleuca
6812:
6810:
6799:
6784:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6751:
6742:
6736:Eastern wolf (
6733:
6724:
6718:African wolf (
6715:
6706:
6700:Domestic dog (
6697:
6687:
6685:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6664:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6647:
6638:
6628:
6626:
6615:
6603:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6586:
6580:Sechuran fox (
6577:
6573:L. gymnocercus
6568:
6559:
6553:Darwin's fox (
6550:
6540:
6538:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6517:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6490:
6488:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6466:
6460:
6445:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6416:
6407:
6398:
6389:
6380:
6371:
6362:
6353:
6344:
6335:
6326:
6322:V. bengalensis
6316:
6314:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6283:
6273:
6271:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6249:
6243:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6224:
6214:
6212:
6201:
6191:
6184:
6183:
6175:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6135:
6126:
6117:
6108:
6098:
6096:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6075:
6066:
6062:B. crassicauda
6056:
6054:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6033:
6024:
6015:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5989:
5980:
5971:
5962:
5953:
5944:
5935:
5926:
5916:
5914:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5893:
5883:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5854:
5845:
5836:
5826:
5824:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5803:
5793:
5791:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5753:
5743:
5741:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5702:
5700:
5689:
5680:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5641:
5631:
5629:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5596:G. grandidieri
5591:
5581:
5579:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5557:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5528:
5518:
5516:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5495:
5485:
5479:
5470:
5453:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5414:
5412:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5391:
5381:
5375:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5349:
5347:
5336:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5279:
5277:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5238:
5229:
5220:
5211:
5202:
5193:
5184:
5175:
5166:
5160:Letaba genet (
5157:
5148:
5142:Common genet (
5139:
5130:
5121:
5112:
5102:
5100:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5021:
5012:
5003:
4993:
4991:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4970:
4960:
4954:
4939:
4927:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4908:P. zeylonensis
4903:
4894:
4884:
4882:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4866:Paguma larvata
4861:
4852:
4843:
4833:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4808:
4799:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4769:
4764:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4720:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4679:
4670:
4661:
4652:
4643:
4637:Domestic cat (
4634:
4624:
4622:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4597:
4593:P. rubiginosus
4588:
4579:
4570:
4566:P. bengalensis
4560:
4558:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4540:Pallas's cat (
4536:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4433:
4427:Iberian lynx (
4424:
4415:
4405:
4403:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4382:
4373:
4364:
4355:
4346:
4337:
4328:
4318:
4316:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4194:
4192:
4181:
4172:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4138:
4129:
4120:
4111:
4105:Snow leopard (
4101:
4099:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4078:
4068:
4066:
4055:
4042:
4032:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4012:
4002:
4000:
3984:
3979:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3952:
3947:
3940:
3939:
3931:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3918:Laurasiatheria
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3832:
3831:External links
3829:
3827:
3826:
3815:Cornish, C. J.
3807:
3778:
3762:
3739:
3726:
3713:
3690:
3669:(2): 599–607.
3649:
3630:(4): 309–317.
3611:
3598:
3587:(3): 847–848.
3559:
3533:
3474:
3439:
3426:(3): 286–291.
3406:
3399:
3377:
3342:
3303:
3268:
3245:
3236:
3195:
3157:
3086:
3037:
2984:
2968:
2954:
2931:
2925:978-0691176857
2924:
2904:
2837:
2800:
2778:
2771:
2746:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:Port Elizabeth
2621:Boer Republics
2592:Main article:
2589:
2586:
2577:
2574:
2549:
2546:
2536:
2533:
2489:Ixodes pilosus
2461:A. nymphs
2267:
2264:
2260:martial eagles
2227:
2224:
2215:endozoochorous
2152:Cape fur seals
2148:marine mammals
2089:marine mammals
2007:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1992:brown fur seal
1985:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1962:C. m. schmidti
1959:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1887:
1884:
1849:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:(Heller, 1914)
1781:(Heller, 1914)
1775:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1743:
1740:L. m. schmidti
1732:
1731:
1724:(Thomas, 1926)
1719:(Thomas, 1925)
1713:
1691:
1684:
1681:
1674:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1630:
1627:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1313:Ethiopian wolf
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1017:
1009:
1008:
997:
989:
988:
977:
969:
968:
949:
941:
940:
925:
917:
916:
901:
893:
892:
881:
873:
872:
861:
853:
852:
833:
825:
824:
813:
805:
804:
791:bweha nyakundu
785:
777:
776:
765:
757:
756:
745:
737:
736:
722:
714:
713:
702:
694:
693:
682:
674:
673:
662:
654:
653:
642:
634:
633:
622:
614:
613:
602:
594:
593:
582:
574:
573:
559:
551:
550:
539:
531:
530:
519:
511:
510:
499:
491:
490:
487:
477:
474:
464:consisting of
450:
447:
321:
320:
312:
311:
305:
304:
301:L. m. schmidti
292:
291:
283:
282:
273:
272:
268:
267:
260:
249:
248:
242:
241:
234:
232:
228:
227:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
112:
111:
93:
90:
89:
84:
81:
80:
69:
68:
58:L. m. schmidti
54:
53:
45:
44:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9729:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9620:
9615:
9611:
9607:
9602:
9598:
9594:
9589:
9585:
9581:
9576:
9572:
9568:
9563:
9559:
9555:
9550:
9546:
9542:
9537:
9533:
9529:
9524:
9520:
9516:
9511:
9507:
9503:
9498:
9494:
9490:
9485:
9481:
9477:
9472:
9468:
9464:
9459:
9455:
9451:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9433:
9429:
9425:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9407:
9403:
9398:
9392:
9388:
9383:
9377:
9373:
9372:
9370:
9368:
9364:
9360:
9355:
9327:
9325:
9320:
9318:
9316:
9311:
9309:
9307:
9302:
9300:
9298:
9293:
9291:
9289:
9284:
9282:
9280:
9275:
9273:
9271:
9266:
9264:
9262:
9261:M. lutreolina
9257:
9255:
9253:
9248:
9246:
9244:
9239:
9237:
9235:
9230:
9228:
9226:
9221:
9219:
9217:
9212:
9210:
9208:
9203:
9201:
9199:
9194:
9192:
9190:
9185:
9183:
9181:
9176:
9175:
9173:
9163:
9162:
9157:
9151:
9149:
9144:
9142:
9140:
9135:
9133:
9131:
9126:
9124:
9122:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9112:
9111:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9097:
9087:
9085:
9080:
9078:
9076:
9071:
9069:
9067:
9062:
9061:
9059:
9057:
9056:
9051:
9045:
9043:
9038:
9037:
9035:
9033:
9032:
9027:
9021:
9019:
9014:
9012:
9010:
9005:
9004:
9002:
9000:
8999:
8994:
8988:
8986:
8981:
8980:
8977:
8971:
8969:
8964:
8963:
8961:
8959:
8958:
8953:
8947:
8945:
8940:
8938:
8936:
8931:
8929:
8927:
8922:
8920:
8918:
8917:L. canadensis
8913:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8907:
8902:
8896:
8894:
8891:Giant otter (
8889:
8888:
8885:
8882:
8872:
8868:
8854:
8852:
8847:
8845:
8843:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8833:
8832:
8827:
8821:
8819:
8814:
8813:
8810:
8804:
8802:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8791:
8786:
8783:
8773:
8769:
8759:
8757:
8752:
8750:
8748:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8730:
8729:
8724:
8718:
8716:
8711:
8710:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8689:
8679:
8677:
8672:
8670:
8668:
8663:
8661:
8659:
8654:
8652:
8650:
8649:M. gwatkinsii
8645:
8643:
8641:
8636:
8634:
8632:
8627:
8625:
8623:
8618:
8616:
8614:
8609:
8608:
8606:
8596:
8595:
8590:
8584:
8582:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8572:
8571:
8566:
8560:
8558:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8548:
8547:
8542:
8536:
8534:
8529:
8528:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8516:
8510:
8508:
8503:
8501:
8499:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8489:M. orientalis
8485:
8483:
8481:
8476:
8474:
8472:
8467:
8465:
8463:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8445:
8444:
8439:
8429:
8427:
8422:
8420:
8418:
8413:
8411:
8409:
8404:
8402:
8400:
8395:
8394:
8392:
8390:
8389:
8384:
8378:
8376:
8371:
8369:
8367:
8362:
8360:
8358:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8348:
8347:
8342:
8339:
8329:
8325:
8319:
8317:
8312:
8311:
8309:
8307:
8306:
8301:
8295:
8293:
8292:Taxidea taxus
8288:
8287:
8284:
8281:
8278:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8260:
8256:
8239:
8238:
8237:
8236:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8214:
8212:
8207:
8205:
8203:
8202:N. meridensis
8198:
8197:
8195:
8193:
8192:
8187:
8181:
8179:
8174:
8172:
8170:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8160:
8159:
8154:
8151:
8141:
8137:
8131:
8129:
8124:
8122:
8120:
8115:
8113:
8111:
8106:
8104:
8102:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8084:
8083:
8078:
8072:
8070:
8065:
8063:
8061:
8056:
8054:
8052:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8034:
8033:
8028:
8022:
8020:
8015:
8013:
8011:
8006:
8005:
8003:
8001:
8000:
7995:
7989:
7987:
7982:
7981:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7969:
7959:
7957:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7943:
7941:
7939:
7934:
7932:
7930:
7925:
7924:
7922:
7912:
7911:
7906:
7900:
7898:
7893:
7891:
7889:
7888:M. javanensis
7884:
7883:
7881:
7871:
7870:
7865:
7859:
7857:
7852:
7850:
7848:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7826:
7824:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7814:C. leuconotus
7810:
7808:
7806:
7805:C. humboldtii
7801:
7799:
7797:
7792:
7791:
7789:
7779:
7778:
7773:
7770:
7764:
7756:
7752:
7746:
7744:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7726:
7722:
7717:
7713:
7687:
7685:
7680:
7678:
7676:
7671:
7669:
7667:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7653:
7652:
7649:
7646:
7636:
7632:
7626:
7624:
7619:
7617:
7615:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7597:
7596:
7591:
7581:
7579:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7569:
7568:
7563:
7557:
7555:
7550:
7549:
7546:
7543:
7533:
7529:
7526:
7516:
7512:
7498:
7496:
7493:Baikal seal (
7491:
7489:
7487:
7484:Ringed seal (
7482:
7480:
7478:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7462:
7456:
7454:
7451:Harbor seal (
7449:
7447:
7445:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7434:
7429:
7423:
7421:
7416:
7414:
7412:
7409:Ribbon seal (
7407:
7405:
7403:
7398:
7397:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7379:
7377:
7374:Hooded seal (
7372:
7370:
7368:
7363:
7362:
7359:
7356:
7346:
7342:
7339:
7327:
7323:
7313:
7311:
7310:A. tropicalis
7306:
7304:
7302:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7279:
7277:
7275:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7252:
7250:
7248:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7237:
7236:Arctocephalus
7232:
7226:
7224:
7219:
7218:
7215:
7209:
7207:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7185:
7183:
7178:
7177:
7174:
7164:
7162:
7161:Z. wollebaeki
7157:
7155:
7153:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7137:
7131:
7129:
7124:
7123:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7111:
7105:
7103:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7093:
7092:
7087:
7084:
7078:
7073:
7069:(eared seals:
7064:
7059:
7053:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7021:
7017:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6985:
6981:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6958:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6931:
6929:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6915:
6913:
6911:
6910:U. thibetanus
6906:
6904:
6902:
6901:U. americanus
6897:
6896:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6886:
6880:
6878:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6864:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6851:
6845:
6843:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6833:
6832:
6827:
6821:
6819:
6816:Giant panda (
6814:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6808:
6803:
6800:
6792:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6777:
6759:
6757:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6707:
6705:
6703:
6702:C. familiaris
6698:
6696:
6694:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6678:
6672:
6670:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6660:Lycaon pictus
6656:
6655:
6652:
6646:
6644:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6616:
6608:
6604:
6594:
6592:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6525:
6523:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6499:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6461:
6453:
6449:
6446:
6438:
6434:
6424:
6422:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6356:Tibetan fox (
6354:
6352:
6350:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6310:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6291:
6289:
6288:N. viverrinus
6284:
6282:
6280:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6238:
6232:
6230:
6229:U. littoralis
6225:
6223:
6221:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6202:
6194:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6173:
6169:
6143:
6141:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6104:H. flavescens
6100:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6081:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6041:
6039:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6007:
6006:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5994:U. vitticolla
5990:
5988:
5986:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5972:
5970:
5968:
5963:
5961:
5959:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5898:Xenogale naso
5894:
5892:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5862:
5860:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5728:
5726:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5711:
5709:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5672:
5671:sensu stricto
5667:
5663:
5649:
5647:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5566:
5564:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5536:
5534:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5501:
5500:Fossa fossana
5496:
5494:
5492:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5441:
5423:
5421:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5399:
5397:
5394:Brown hyena (
5392:
5390:
5388:
5387:Hyaena hyaena
5383:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5337:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5308:
5304:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5246:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5214:Hausa genet (
5212:
5210:
5208:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5117:G. angolensis
5113:
5111:
5109:
5108:G. abyssinica
5104:
5103:
5101:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5029:
5027:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5017:V. tangalunga
5013:
5011:
5009:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4976:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4951:sensu stricto
4947:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4931:
4925:
4921:
4911:
4909:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4825:Paradoxurinae
4822:
4816:
4814:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4793:Otter civet (
4791:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4749:
4745:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4687:
4685:
4684:F. silvestris
4680:
4678:
4676:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4605:
4603:
4602:P. viverrinus
4600:Fishing cat (
4598:
4596:
4594:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4575:P. javanensis
4571:
4569:
4567:
4564:Leopard cat (
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4525:
4515:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4411:L. canadensis
4409:Canada lynx (
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4246:
4236:
4234:
4233:C. temminckii
4229:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4198:Marbled cat (
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4168:sensu stricto
4165:
4160:
4146:
4144:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4017:P. pardicolor
4013:
4011:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3882:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3804:0-19-926151-2
3801:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3563:
3560:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3440:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3407:
3402:
3400:9780124079311
3396:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3358:(6): 447–54.
3357:
3353:
3346:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3304:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3233:2-8317-0786-2
3230:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3191:0-520-08085-8
3188:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3128:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2838:
2826:
2819:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2652:Tswana people
2648:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2595:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2547:
2541:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2511:R. simus
2508:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2407:Babesia canis
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2389:A. somaliense
2386:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2296:. Jackals in
2295:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:spotted hyena
2241:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:, bird eggs,
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2029:invertebrates
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:mating season
1897:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1875:Scent marking
1871:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1854:Scent marking
1851:
1843:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1812:golden jackal
1809:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1727:variegatoides
1723:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1696:northward to
1695:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:introgression
1616:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:Canis adustus
1581:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:unspecialised
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:Golden jackal
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1004:
998:
995:
991:
990:
986:
984:
978:
975:
971:
970:
966:
964:
958:
956:
950:
947:
943:
942:
938:
934:
932:
926:
923:
919:
918:
914:
910:
908:
902:
899:
895:
894:
890:
888:
882:
879:
875:
874:
870:
868:
862:
859:
855:
854:
850:
848:
842:
840:
834:
831:
827:
826:
822:
820:
814:
811:
807:
806:
802:
800:
794:
792:
786:
783:
779:
778:
774:
772:
766:
763:
759:
758:
754:
752:
746:
743:
739:
738:
733:
723:
720:
716:
715:
711:
709:
703:
700:
696:
695:
691:
689:
683:
680:
676:
675:
671:
669:
663:
660:
656:
655:
651:
649:
643:
640:
636:
635:
631:
629:
623:
620:
616:
615:
611:
609:
603:
600:
596:
595:
591:
589:
583:
580:
576:
575:
570:
560:
557:
553:
552:
548:
546:
540:
537:
533:
532:
528:
526:
520:
517:
513:
512:
508:
506:
500:
497:
493:
492:
488:
485:
484:
475:
473:
471:
468:(middle) and
467:
463:
459:
456:
448:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:
424:
420:
419:
415:
410:
408:
405:
401:
397:
396:least concern
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:
328:
319:
318:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
289:
284:
281:
280:
274:
269:
264:
258:
256:
250:
247:
246:Binomial name
243:
239:
238:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
122:
117:
113:
107:
102:
101:Least Concern
91:
87:
82:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
46:
41:
33:
30:
19:
9366:
9323:
9314:
9305:
9296:
9287:
9278:
9269:
9260:
9251:
9242:
9233:
9224:
9215:
9206:
9197:
9188:
9179:
9159:
9147:
9138:
9129:
9120:
9108:
9083:
9074:
9065:
9053:
9041:
9029:
9018:L. sumatrana
9017:
9008:
8996:
8984:
8967:
8955:
8943:
8934:
8925:
8916:
8904:
8892:
8850:
8841:
8829:
8817:
8801:V. peregusna
8800:
8788:
8755:
8746:
8726:
8714:
8701:Lyncodontini
8692:Ictonychinae
8676:M. zibellina
8675:
8666:
8657:
8648:
8639:
8631:M. flavigula
8630:
8621:
8613:M. americana
8612:
8592:
8580:
8568:
8556:
8544:
8533:Eira barbara
8532:
8506:
8498:M. personata
8497:
8488:
8479:
8470:
8461:
8441:
8425:
8416:
8408:M. canescens
8407:
8398:
8386:
8374:
8365:
8356:
8344:
8315:
8303:
8291:
8210:
8201:
8189:
8177:
8168:
8156:
8127:
8118:
8109:
8100:
8080:
8068:
8059:
8050:
8030:
8018:
8017:Cacomistle (
8009:
7997:
7986:Potos flavus
7985:
7955:
7946:
7937:
7928:
7908:
7896:
7887:
7867:
7855:
7846:
7834:
7822:
7813:
7804:
7795:
7775:
7742:
7683:
7674:
7665:
7656:
7622:
7613:
7593:
7577:
7565:
7553:
7538:(monk seals)
7494:
7485:
7476:
7464:
7452:
7443:
7431:
7419:
7410:
7401:
7375:
7366:
7309:
7301:A. townsendi
7300:
7291:
7283:A. philippii
7282:
7273:
7264:
7255:
7247:A. australis
7246:
7234:
7222:
7205:
7193:
7181:
7160:
7151:
7139:
7127:
7101:
7089:
7049:
6928:U. maritimus
6927:
6926:Polar bear (
6918:
6917:Brown bear (
6909:
6900:
6888:
6876:
6867:
6866:Sloth bear (
6841:
6829:
6817:
6805:
6755:
6746:
6737:
6728:
6719:
6710:
6701:
6692:
6680:
6669:Cuon alpinus
6668:
6659:
6643:L. mesomelas
6642:
6640:
6633:
6621:
6590:
6581:
6572:
6571:Pampas fox (
6563:
6554:
6545:
6533:
6521:
6512:
6496:S. venaticus
6495:
6483:
6471:
6470:Maned wolf (
6452:Cerdocyonina
6420:
6419:Fennec fox (
6411:
6402:
6394:V. rueppelli
6393:
6384:
6375:
6366:
6365:Arctic fox (
6358:V. ferrilata
6357:
6348:
6347:Corsac fox (
6339:
6330:
6321:
6320:Bengal fox (
6299:
6287:
6278:
6266:
6254:
6228:
6227:Island fox (
6219:
6207:
6140:H. sanguinea
6139:
6130:
6121:
6113:H. ichneumon
6112:
6103:
6091:
6079:
6070:
6061:
6049:
6037:
6028:
6019:
6010:
5993:
5984:
5975:
5966:
5957:
5948:
5940:U. edwardsii
5939:
5931:U. brachyura
5930:
5921:
5909:
5897:
5888:
5858:
5849:
5840:
5832:C. alexandri
5831:
5819:
5807:
5798:
5786:
5774:
5757:
5749:M. gambianus
5748:
5736:
5724:
5708:S. suricatta
5707:
5695:
5670:
5645:
5636:
5624:
5612:
5595:
5586:
5574:
5562:
5532:
5523:
5511:
5499:
5490:
5467:carnivorans)
5448:
5419:
5407:
5395:
5386:
5354:
5342:
5312:Herpestoidea
5275:Herpestoidea
5242:
5234:G. victoriae
5233:
5224:
5223:Cape genet (
5215:
5207:G. servalina
5206:
5197:
5196:King genet (
5189:G. piscivora
5188:
5179:
5170:
5161:
5153:G. johnstoni
5152:
5143:
5134:
5125:
5116:
5107:
5089:
5078:P. leightoni
5077:
5068:
5050:
5025:
5016:
5008:V. megaspila
5007:
4999:V. civettina
4998:
4986:
4974:
4965:
4950:
4934:
4907:
4898:
4889:
4877:
4865:
4856:
4847:
4838:
4812:
4803:
4794:
4785:
4683:
4674:
4666:F. margarita
4665:
4656:
4647:
4646:Jungle cat (
4638:
4629:
4617:
4601:
4592:
4584:P. planiceps
4583:
4574:
4565:
4555:Prionailurus
4553:
4541:
4511:
4499:
4487:
4486:Jaguarundi (
4470:
4458:
4437:
4428:
4419:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4359:
4350:
4341:
4333:L. geoffroyi
4332:
4323:
4322:Pampas cat (
4311:
4295:
4286:
4274:
4262:
4232:
4223:
4211:
4200:P. marmorata
4199:
4187:
4167:
4142:
4133:
4124:
4115:
4106:
4094:
4082:
4073:
4061:
4016:
4007:
3990:
3963:
3916:Superorder:
3910:Infraclass:
3819:
3810:
3795:
3773:
3770:(in Italian)
3765:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3734:
3729:
3721:
3716:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3627:
3623:
3606:
3601:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3570:
3562:
3550:. Retrieved
3545:
3536:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3423:
3419:
3409:
3390:
3380:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3320:
3316:
3306:
3294:. Retrieved
3285:
3281:
3271:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3239:
3222:
3218:
3182:
3138:(715): 1–9.
3135:
3126:
3074:
3005:
3001:
2976:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2944:
2914:
2907:
2899:
2863:
2859:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2824:
2815:
2791:. Retrieved
2781:
2762:
2737:. Retrieved
2723:
2717:
2711:
2678:
2649:
2637:
2605:
2579:
2558:ǃKung people
2551:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2457:A. marmoreum
2456:
2452:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2312:
2306:
2287:
2269:
2240:honey badger
2236:African wolf
2229:
2208:
2195:kori bustard
2176:
2132:Namib Desert
2101:
2095:, fish, and
2067:, and young
2037:grasshoppers
2026:
2009:
1994:pup, Namibia
1987:
1961:
1935:
1901:
1895:
1859:
1816:
1805:
1783:
1778:
1752:Noack, 1897
1739:
1735:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1667:
1663:
1652:Description
1632:
1622:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1547:
1534:
1521:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1434:
1433:
1413:
1369:
1340:
1311:
1282:
1255:African wolf
1253:
1224:
1186:
1166:Domestic dog
1164:
1048:
1040:
1020:
1000:
980:
960:
952:
936:
928:
912:
904:
884:
864:
844:
836:
816:
796:
788:
768:
748:
731:
705:
685:
665:
645:
625:
605:
585:
568:
542:
522:
502:
469:
465:
457:
452:
416:
411:
356:South Africa
353:
336:
331:
330:
326:
324:
316:
315:
300:
299:in blue and
296:
276:
254:
252:
236:
235:
223:
57:
29:
9497:iNaturalist
9391:Wikispecies
9315:M. sibirica
9297:M. putorius
9270:M. nigripes
9252:M. lutreola
9225:M. haidarum
9121:N. africana
9084:A. congicus
9075:A. cinereus
9066:A. capensis
8966:Sea otter (
8944:L. provocax
8851:I. striatus
8772:Ictonychini
8667:M. melampus
8579:Wolverine (
8557:P. pennanti
8480:M. moschata
8471:M. everetti
8417:M. leucurus
8375:A. hoevenii
8366:A. collaris
8316:M. capensis
8211:N. olivacea
8126:Olinguito (
8082:Bassaricyon
8069:P. pygmaeus
7999:Bassariscus
7972:Procyonidae
7947:S. putorius
7938:S. gracilis
7856:M. mephitis
7847:M. macroura
7741:Red panda (
7721:Musteloidea
7682:Ross seal (
7635:Lobodontini
7567:Neomonachus
7495:P. sibirica
7453:P. vitulina
7418:Grey seal (
7400:Harp seal (
7292:A. pusillus
7256:A. forsteri
7091:Callorhinus
7025:Pinnipedia
6984:Musteloidea
6756:C. simensis
6720:C. lupaster
6589:Hoary fox (
6582:L. sechurae
6555:L. fulvipes
6546:L. culpaeus
6442:(true dogs)
6401:Swift fox (
6376:V. macrotis
6268:Nyctereutes
6177:Caniformia
6122:H. ochracea
6080:B. nigripes
6071:B. jacksoni
5958:U. javanica
5875:Herpestinae
5850:C. obscurus
5841:C. ansorgei
5821:Crossarchus
5677:(mongooses)
5666:Herpestidae
5646:S. durrelli
5637:S. concolor
5587:G. fasciata
5524:E. goudotii
5445:Herpestidae
5355:P. cristata
5216:G. thierryi
5171:G. maculata
5135:G. cristata
5126:G. bourloni
4879:Paradoxurus
4837:Binturong (
4776:Hemigalinae
4753:Viverroidea
4716:Viverroidea
4675:F. nigripes
4527:Leopard cat
4512:P. concolor
4429:L. pardinus
4378:L. tigrinus
4369:L. pardalis
4360:L. jacobita
4351:L. guttulus
4324:L. colocola
4083:N. nebulosa
4053:Pantherinae
3933:Feliformia
3144:10.1644/715
2814:"Old World
2793:28 December
2635:were used.
2613:Cape Colony
2562:Great Flood
2548:In folklore
2248:brown hyena
2199:black mamba
2150:(including
2016:carcass in
1794:Description
1764:South Sudan
1643:Subspecies
1615:nuclear DNA
1501:sub-Saharan
887:impungutshe
799:bweha shaba
564:ቲኩር ጀርባ ቀበሮ
545:rooijakkals
423:Pleistocene
271:Subspecies
189:Subfamily:
9636:Categories
9288:M. nudipes
9279:M. nivalis
9243:M. kathiah
9198:M. erminea
9189:M. altaica
9139:N. frenata
9130:N. felipei
9100:Mustelinae
8842:I. libycus
8756:G. vittata
8622:M. caurina
8399:M. anakuma
8277:Mustelidae
8264:Mustelidae
8240:see below↓
8231:Mustelidae
8128:B. neblina
8039:(raccoons)
8010:B. astutus
8008:Ringtail (
7984:Kinkajou (
7956:S. pygmaea
7897:M. marchei
7755:Mephitidae
7623:M. leonina
7515:Monachinae
7486:P. hispida
7477:P. caspica
7274:A. gazella
7206:N. cinerea
7102:C. ursinus
7040:Odobenidae
6993:see below↓
6973:see below↓
6957:Pinnipedia
6875:Sun bear (
6842:T. ornatus
6831:Tremarctos
6807:Ailuropoda
6745:Red wolf (
6711:C. latrans
6634:L. adustus
6591:L. vetulus
6564:L. griseus
6494:Bush dog (
6385:V. pallida
6383:Pale fox (
6367:V. lagopus
6338:Cape fox (
6218:Gray fox (
5976:U. smithii
5808:H. parvula
5799:H. hirtula
5687:Mungotinae
5576:Galidictis
5549:Galidiinae
5477:Euplerinae
5460:Eupleridae
5449:sensu lato
5420:C. crocuta
5353:Aardwolf (
5284:see below↓
5225:G. tigrina
5198:G. poensis
5180:G. pardina
5162:G. letabae
5144:G. genetta
5042:Genettinae
5026:V. zibetha
4946:Viverrinae
4935:sensu lato
4930:Viverrinae
4899:P. jerdoni
4766:Viverridae
4725:see below↓
4664:Sand cat (
4471:A. jubatus
4296:C. caracal
4189:Pardofelis
4008:P. linsang
3949:Feliformia
3759:: 133–134.
3552:27 January
3323:(4): 339.
3265:: 363–373.
3083:1408189968
2693:References
2640:strychnine
2443:may cause
2425:Sarcocytis
2403:protozoans
2309:trematodes
2300:may carry
2191:rhinoceros
2156:dry season
2049:millipedes
2031:, such as
1970:Masai Mara
1964:) hunting
1862:monogamous
1710:Mozambique
1629:Subspecies
1513:carnassial
1043:impungushe
679:isiNdebele
619:Karamojong
442:monogamous
436:. It is a
343:native to
209:Subtribe:
62:Masai Mara
9647:Lupulella
9234:M. itatsi
9168:(weasels)
9031:Lutrogale
8968:E. lutris
8926:L. felina
8735:(grisons)
8658:M. martes
8601:(martens)
8519:Guloninae
8305:Mellivora
8178:N. narica
8119:B. medius
8110:B. gabbii
8101:B. alleni
8089:(olingos)
8058:Raccoon (
7910:Spilogale
7796:C. chinga
7777:Conepatus
7733:Ailuridae
7532:Monachini
7444:P. largha
7114:Otariinae
7077:sea lions
7072:fur seals
7063:Otariidae
6948:Mustelida
6919:U. arctos
6781:Arctoidea
6738:C. lycaon
6693:C. aureus
6623:Lupulella
6535:Lycalopex
6412:V. vulpes
6410:Red fox (
6374:Kit fox (
6349:V. corsac
6093:Herpestes
5706:Meerkat (
5465:(Malagasy
5367:Hyaeninae
5328:Hyaenidae
5243:G. felina
4657:F. lybica
4469:Cheetah (
4387:L. wiedii
4376:Oncilla (
4342:L. guigna
4313:Leopardus
4294:Caracal (
4287:C. aurata
4222:Bay cat (
4143:P. pardus
4141:Leopard (
4116:P. tigris
4074:N. diardi
3992:Prionodon
3892:Kingdom:
3881:Carnivora
3644:0952-8369
3152:198128530
2896:231604957
2660:Cape Town
2625:foxhounds
2369:Nematodes
2220:droppings
2120:mongooses
2104:springbok
2069:antelopes
2057:scorpions
2020:, Namibia
2014:springbok
1912:vlei rats
1827:Behaviour
1784:mcmillani
1770:, Kenya,
1758:Southern
1658:Synonyms
1592:Lupulella
1569:Lupulella
1517:premolars
1493:Lupulella
1188:Gray wolf
1023:phungubwe
983:mpungutje
782:kiSwahili
742:Kinyaturu
536:Afrikaans
472:(black).
458:mesomelas
449:Etymology
231:Species:
224:Lupulella
173:Carnivora
139:Kingdom:
133:Eukaryota
9567:14000776
9515:10997553
9376:Wikidata
9214:Ferret (
9148:N. vison
9009:L. lutra
8877:(otters)
8871:Lutrinae
8728:Galictis
8640:M. foina
8555:Fisher (
8443:Melogale
8426:M. meles
8346:Arctonyx
8191:Nasuella
8169:N. nasua
8146:(coatis)
8060:P. lotor
7836:Mephitis
7595:Mirounga
7345:Phocinae
7326:Phocidae
7195:Neophoca
7141:Zalophus
7048:Walrus (
6747:C. rufus
6729:C. lupus
6709:Coyote (
6544:Culpeo (
6485:Speothos
6421:V. zerda
6403:V. velox
6340:V. chama
6051:Bdeogale
5949:U. fusca
5788:Helogale
5758:M. mungo
5697:Suricata
5626:Salanoia
5533:E. major
5513:Eupleres
5344:Proteles
5333:(hyenas)
5097:(genets)
4648:F. chaus
4639:F. catus
4630:F. bieti
4510:Cougar (
4460:Acinonyx
4438:L. rufus
4436:Bobcat (
4385:Margay (
4367:Ocelot (
4340:Kodkod (
4261:Serval (
4224:C. badia
4213:Catopuma
4123:Jaguar (
4107:P. uncia
4096:Panthera
4063:Neofelis
3981:Feloidea
3912:Eutheria
3906:Mammalia
3900:Chordata
3898:Phylum:
3894:Animalia
3710:: 57–68.
3528:33591975
3488:PLOS ONE
3469:90152896
3296:16 March
3290:Archived
3032:16341006
2888:33442059
2739:14 March
2629:lurchers
2609:coursing
2554:Khoikhoi
2485:Hyelomma
2405:such as
2319:such as
2317:cestodes
2313:Athesmia
2311:such as
2252:leopards
2183:dik-diks
2181:. Adult
2168:warthogs
2164:tsessebe
2160:gazelles
2128:wildcats
2124:polecats
2116:steenbok
2112:reedbuck
2045:termites
2041:crickets
1939:savannas
1868:, whose
1823:length.
1760:Ethiopia
1722:arenarum
1717:achrotes
1706:Zimbabwe
1531:allozyme
963:phokojoe
955:phokobje
907:hungubwe
732:bukharya
719:Tigrinya
505:g!ui-ten
462:compound
400:predator
388:Ethiopia
380:Djibouti
368:Zimbabwe
364:Botswana
309:Synonyms
263:Schreber
179:Family:
163:Mammalia
153:Chordata
149:Phylum:
143:Animalia
129:Domain:
106:IUCN 3.1
42:– recent
40:Pliocene
9652:Jackals
9614:ZooBank
9489:5219216
9382:Q188944
9216:M. furo
9161:Mustela
9110:Neogale
8957:Enhydra
8831:Ictonyx
8790:Vormela
8747:G. cuja
8674:Sable (
8581:G. gulo
8546:Pekania
8531:Tayra (
8328:Melinae
8140:Nasuina
8032:Procyon
7388:Phocini
7027:(seals)
6962:(seals)
6854:Ursinae
6796:(bears)
6791:Ursidae
6667:Dhole (
6457:(zorro)
6331:V. cana
6241:Vulpini
6209:Urocyon
6193:Canidae
5985:U. urva
5489:Fossa (
5409:Crocuta
5091:Genetta
4988:Viverra
4529:lineage
4451:lineage
4420:L. lynx
4276:Caracal
4250:lineage
4248:Caracal
4180:lineage
4178:Bay cat
4164:Felinae
4125:P. onca
4114:Tiger (
4034:Felidae
3904:Class:
3883:species
3879:Extant
3685:1383588
3519:7886153
3496:Bibcode
3455:: 1–8.
3372:2559120
3337:2413399
3288:: 148.
3010:Bibcode
2961:18 June
2868:Bibcode
2830:6 March
2588:Hunting
2564:, when
2302:anthrax
2097:mussels
2081:lizards
2061:rodents
2053:spiders
2033:beetles
1972:, Kenya
1932:Habitat
1927:Ecology
1779:elgonae
1768:Somalia
1702:Namibia
1690:below.
1509:kidneys
1087:Caninae
1072:of the
1051:ikhanka
1003:phokoje
974:Siswati
699:kiKinga
688:ikhanka
608:ombánji
556:Amharic
384:Eritrea
376:Somalia
360:Namibia
345:eastern
303:in red
265:, 1775)
219:Genus:
199:Tribe:
193:Caninae
183:Canidae
169:Order:
159:Class:
104: (
9606:232943
9593:666235
9541:183818
9476:CANIME
9463:328682
9437:174683
9419:ARKive
8906:Lontra
8594:Martes
7869:Mydaus
7763:skunks
6727:Wolf (
6607:Canina
6437:Canini
6301:Vulpes
6197:(dogs)
5738:Mungos
5052:Poiana
4134:P. leo
4132:Lion (
4038:(cats)
3802:
3683:
3642:
3526:
3516:
3467:
3397:
3370:
3335:
3231:
3189:
3150:
3081:
3030:
3002:Nature
2952:
2922:
2894:
2886:
2860:Nature
2769:
2633:borzoi
2631:, and
2582:cattle
2527:, and
2509:, and
2487:spp.,
2433:, and
2427:spp.,
2401:, and
2397:, and
2363:, and
2292:, and
2272:rabies
2211:ǃnaras
2204:caches
2179:impala
2166:, and
2126:, and
2114:, and
2108:duiker
2085:snakes
2055:, and
1968:calf,
1966:impala
1820:Albino
1772:Uganda
1698:Angola
1655:Range
1646:Image
1487:named
1226:Coyote
994:Tswana
937:dacawo
931:dawaco
922:Somali
878:Tsonga
867:gedala
819:muzozo
762:Sagara
668:nchewe
659:kiHehe
648:nhyewe
639:kiGogo
599:Herero
525:!ào-sè
407:vector
404:rabies
386:, and
366:, and
341:canine
213:Canina
203:Canini
9580:68725
9528:90293
9510:IRMNG
9502:42046
9055:Aonyx
8998:Lutra
8388:Meles
8158:Nasua
7433:Phoca
6890:Ursus
6682:Canis
6309:foxes
4619:Felis
3681:JSTOR
3465:S2CID
3333:JSTOR
3148:S2CID
3132:(PDF)
2892:S2CID
2821:(PDF)
2816:Canis
2670:Notes
2441:Mites
2093:seals
2077:birds
2065:hares
1623:Canis
1607:Canis
1565:Canis
1558:basal
1535:Canis
1342:Dhole
1140:0.38
1124:0.96
1014:Venda
946:Sotho
898:Shona
858:Sanye
847:gireb
839:girib
810:Taita
708:ngewe
588:ekwee
579:Ateso
470:melas
460:is a
455:Latin
427:basal
418:Canis
414:genus
372:Kenya
66:Kenya
9575:NCBI
9554:3755
9549:IUCN
9536:ITIS
9484:GBIF
9471:EPPO
9450:QLXN
9432:BOLD
8570:Gulo
7466:Pusa
5911:Urva
4501:Puma
4449:Puma
4400:Lynx
3800:ISBN
3640:ISSN
3554:2018
3524:PMID
3395:ISBN
3368:PMID
3298:2024
3229:ISBN
3187:ISBN
3079:ISBN
3028:PMID
2963:2019
2950:ISBN
2920:ISBN
2884:PMID
2832:2020
2795:2020
2767:ISBN
2741:2022
2724:2014
2662:and
2650:The
2566:Noah
2515:Flea
2449:Tick
2254:and
2246:and
2185:and
2142:and
2138:and
2136:Cape
2083:and
2073:topi
1945:Diet
1914:and
1902:The
1864:and
1686:See
1635:MSW3
1598:and
1580:IUCN
1403:2.6
1132:0.6
1116:2.0
1108:2.5
1100:3.0
1034:Zulu
913:gava
830:Nama
771:kewe
751:mola
727:ቡኳርያ
628:kwee
516:!Xóõ
496:ǀXam
466:meso
453:The
430:wolf
402:and
392:IUCN
347:and
325:The
279:text
9562:MSW
9523:ISC
9458:EoL
9445:CoL
9406:ADW
3671:doi
3632:doi
3628:322
3589:doi
3514:PMC
3504:doi
3457:doi
3428:doi
3360:doi
3325:doi
3140:doi
3018:doi
3006:438
2876:doi
2864:591
2728:doi
2645:fat
2570:ark
2174:.
2146:),
1808:fox
1613:or
1567:to
730:} (
438:fox
394:as
60:in
9638::
9616::
9603::
9590::
9577::
9564::
9551::
9538::
9525::
9512::
9499::
9486::
9473::
9460::
9447::
9434::
9421::
9408::
9393::
9378::
3781:^
3755:.
3751:.
3708:20
3706:.
3702:.
3679:.
3667:83
3665:.
3661:.
3638:.
3626:.
3614:^
3585:48
3583:.
3579:.
3577:)"
3544:.
3522:.
3512:.
3502:.
3492:16
3490:.
3486:.
3463:.
3453:47
3451:.
3424:19
3422:.
3418:.
3389:.
3366:.
3356:80
3354:.
3331:.
3321:36
3319:.
3315:.
3286:29
3284:.
3280:.
3263:47
3261:.
3257:.
3198:^
3160:^
3146:.
3134:.
3089:^
3040:^
3026:.
3016:.
3004:.
3000:.
2987:^
2981:31
2934:^
2898:.
2890:.
2882:.
2874:.
2862:.
2858:.
2823:.
2803:^
2749:^
2722:.
2716:.
2700:^
2627:,
2531:.
2521:,
2513:.
2503:,
2499:,
2495:,
2491:,
2483:,
2479:,
2475:,
2471:,
2467:,
2463:,
2459:,
2455:,
2447:.
2439:.
2423:,
2419:,
2415:,
2409:,
2391:,
2387:,
2383:,
2377:,
2367:.
2359:,
2355:,
2351:,
2347:,
2343:,
2339:,
2335:,
2331:,
2325:,
2315:,
2286:,
2282:,
2278:,
2274:,
2242:,
2238:,
2122:,
2110:,
2091:,
2063:,
2051:,
2047:,
2043:,
2039:,
2035:,
1766:,
1762:,
1712:.
1704:,
1700:,
1602:.
1571:.
1548:A
1519:.
1091:Ma
409:.
382:,
378:,
374:,
362:,
358:,
64:,
9326:)
9317:)
9308:)
9299:)
9290:)
9281:)
9272:)
9263:)
9254:)
9245:)
9236:)
9227:)
9218:)
9209:)
9200:)
9191:)
9182:)
9150:)
9141:)
9132:)
9123:)
9086:)
9077:)
9068:)
9044:)
9020:)
9011:)
8987:)
8970:)
8946:)
8937:)
8928:)
8919:)
8895:)
8853:)
8844:)
8820:)
8803:)
8758:)
8749:)
8717:)
8678:)
8669:)
8660:)
8651:)
8642:)
8633:)
8624:)
8615:)
8583:)
8559:)
8535:)
8509:)
8500:)
8491:)
8482:)
8473:)
8464:)
8428:)
8419:)
8410:)
8401:)
8377:)
8368:)
8359:)
8318:)
8294:)
8213:)
8204:)
8180:)
8171:)
8130:)
8121:)
8112:)
8103:)
8071:)
8062:)
8053:)
8021:)
8012:)
7988:)
7958:)
7949:)
7940:)
7931:)
7899:)
7890:)
7858:)
7849:)
7825:)
7816:)
7807:)
7798:)
7765:)
7761:(
7745:)
7686:)
7677:)
7668:)
7659:)
7625:)
7616:)
7580:)
7556:)
7497:)
7488:)
7479:)
7455:)
7446:)
7422:)
7413:)
7404:)
7378:)
7369:)
7312:)
7303:)
7294:)
7285:)
7276:)
7267:)
7258:)
7249:)
7225:)
7208:)
7184:)
7163:)
7154:)
7130:)
7104:)
7079:)
7074:,
7052:)
6930:)
6921:)
6912:)
6903:)
6879:)
6870:)
6844:)
6820:)
6758:)
6749:)
6740:)
6731:)
6722:)
6713:)
6704:)
6695:)
6671:)
6662:)
6645:)
6636:)
6593:)
6584:)
6575:)
6566:)
6557:)
6548:)
6524:)
6515:)
6498:)
6474:)
6423:)
6414:)
6405:)
6396:)
6387:)
6378:)
6369:)
6360:)
6351:)
6342:)
6333:)
6324:)
6311:)
6307:(
6290:)
6281:)
6257:)
6231:)
6222:)
6142:)
6133:)
6124:)
6115:)
6106:)
6082:)
6073:)
6064:)
6040:)
6031:)
6022:)
6013:)
5996:)
5987:)
5978:)
5969:)
5960:)
5951:)
5942:)
5933:)
5924:)
5900:)
5891:)
5861:)
5852:)
5843:)
5834:)
5810:)
5801:)
5777:)
5760:)
5751:)
5727:)
5710:)
5648:)
5639:)
5615:)
5598:)
5589:)
5565:)
5535:)
5526:)
5502:)
5493:)
5422:)
5398:)
5389:)
5357:)
5245:)
5236:)
5227:)
5218:)
5209:)
5200:)
5191:)
5182:)
5173:)
5164:)
5155:)
5146:)
5137:)
5128:)
5119:)
5110:)
5080:)
5071:)
5028:)
5019:)
5010:)
5001:)
4977:)
4968:)
4910:)
4901:)
4892:)
4868:)
4859:)
4850:)
4841:)
4815:)
4806:)
4797:)
4788:)
4686:)
4677:)
4668:)
4659:)
4650:)
4641:)
4632:)
4604:)
4595:)
4586:)
4577:)
4568:)
4544:)
4514:)
4490:)
4473:)
4440:)
4431:)
4422:)
4413:)
4389:)
4380:)
4371:)
4362:)
4353:)
4344:)
4335:)
4326:)
4298:)
4289:)
4265:)
4235:)
4226:)
4202:)
4145:)
4136:)
4127:)
4118:)
4109:)
4085:)
4076:)
4019:)
4010:)
3966:)
3872:e
3865:t
3858:v
3757:4
3687:.
3673::
3646:.
3634::
3595:.
3591::
3556:.
3530:.
3506::
3498::
3471:.
3459::
3436:.
3430::
3403:.
3374:.
3362::
3339:.
3327::
3300:.
3193:.
3154:.
3142::
3129:"
3125:"
3034:.
3020::
3012::
2965:.
2928:.
2878::
2870::
2834:.
2797:.
2775:.
2743:.
2730::
2714:"
2710:"
734:)
571:)
567:(
329:(
261:(
108:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
