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729:
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57:
693:
827:
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777:
44:
630:. It is frequently found in natural pastures, and may be planted in order to create artificial meadows, especially on dry land. The presence of black medick in large concentrations as a lawn weed may indicate that the soil is poor in nitrogen. However, because black medick and other clovers fix nitrogen in the soil, this deficiency can improve over time due to the presence of these plants.
818:
617:
Black medick thrives in dry to moist, well-drained soils containing sand, loam, or clay, and is a pioneer plant, often growing on disturbed ground. It grows in alkaline, neutral, and mildly acidic conditions. It does not grow in shady areas. Black medick grows well in limestone soils and on coastal
613:
A native of the old world, black medick is found throughout Europe, north Africa, the Near East, and most of Asia, including India, China, and Korea. It is naturalized in central Asia, Japan, South Africa, Australia, New
Zealand, the United States, Canada, and much of South America. Black medick is
542:
Also spelled "medic" or "meddick", the plant is known by a number of alternate names, including nonesuch, black nonesuch, black medic clover, hop clover, hop medic, black clover, black hay, blackweed, English trefoil, hop trefoil, and yellow trefoil. Some of these names are also applied to
566:
plant, growing each year from adventitious buds on the roots. Mature plants measure from 15 to 80 cm (6 to 31 in) in height, with fine stems often lying flat at the beginning of growth and later erecting. The leaves are compound, each with three oval
618:
sand dunes, where it suffers less competition from the other plants, and as such is found on many islands, such as Taiwan, the Canary
Islands, the Azores, and Madeira. It is resistant to cold and can be found on mountains up to 1,800 meters.
594: in) or more. The fruit is a single-seeded pod, 1.5 to 3 mm in diameter, that does not open upon maturation, but hardens and turns black when ripe. Each pod contains a single amber-colored seed.
1228:
1623:
1835:
1698:
641:
in the soil, make black medick a good choice for pasturage, although its fodder value is limited. It is grazed by sheep but is not very palatable to cattle.
795:
535:, or willow-wolf. Its scientific name is a translation of the common name hop clover (or hop-clover), which is also used for several members of the genus
951:
584:
Black medick has small (2–3 mm) yellow flowers grouped in tight bunches (compact racemes). On larger plants the flower heads may reach 8 mm (
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1033:
1002:
993:
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1957:
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1962:
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575:; the center leaflet usually has a longer petiole. The leaflets are hairy, toothed toward the tip, and differ from those of the similar
1716:
740:
1499:
1460:
1160:
1952:
1103:
716:
1303:
1300:: "Several years ago I protected Medicago lupulina from insects, & its fertility was much impaired, but not wholly prevented."
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1876:
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870:
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1947:
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475:). Like the true clovers, black medick has three leaflets and a small, yellow flower closely resembling those of
56:
1739:
1814:
1967:
1538:
1131:
1543:
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1324:
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Black medick may be confused with other plants that have three leaflets and small yellow flowers, such as
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658:
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568:
1765:
1602:
1175:
826:
1906:
1747:
835:
532:
94:
1373:
1783:
1517:
1153:
Wild flowers of
Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora.
674:
637:
plant. Its hardiness and ability to grow in poor soils, as well as its tendency to fix
520:
476:
81:
1936:
1840:
1788:
505:
519:) "Median", because alfalfa was believed to have been introduced from the region of
1919:
1439:
1091:
1827:
43:
1664:
1406:
1393:
1863:
1690:
1672:
1587:
1356:
1383:
1071:
857:
1504:
1347:
1512:
1486:
563:
471:
450:
150:
17:
1853:
1641:
817:
605:. Plants that survive for more than one year may develop a deep tap root.
1848:
1711:
1416:
1341:
638:
602:
459:
454:
160:
140:
107:
1752:
1553:
1182:. Biological Records Centre and Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1566:
1447:
598:
480:
130:
1309:
Effect of Black Medic Cover Crop on N Supplying Power of
Prairie Soils
1268:
1592:
634:
514:
465:
120:
1318:
601:, the roots of black medick contain nodules hosting nitrogen-fixing
1313:
1615:
1491:
1267:
Heuzé, V.; Thiollet, H.; Tran, G.; Hassoun, P.; Lebas, F. (2018),
627:
496:
68:
614:
found throughout the United States, including Hawaii and Alaska.
626:
Black medick is a good source of nectar for bees to use to make
524:
1478:
1322:
1098:(Third ed.), Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press,
508:
463:, or bur clovers, are closely related to the true clovers (
199:
1331:
1273:
Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO
1242:: Sustainable Agriculture Network, archived from
1176:"Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora:
1304:WeedAlert.com's listing for Medicago lupulina
8:
479:. Black medick belongs to the same genus as
499:
1319:
1151:Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003),
42:
31:
895:, Golden Field Guide, St. Martin's Press
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1059:, vol. 15, Richard Clay & Sons
1034:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1003:United States Department of Agriculture
994:Germplasm Resources Information Network
849:
791:
688:
220:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1020:
1018:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
457:or clover family. Plants of the genus
952:University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point
906:
904:
902:
531:means "wolf-like", and refers to the
222:
7:
1877:c0165fa3-68c2-4642-898b-6406da23a8df
1727:9601b75c-d0c2-46c9-bc5c-198549ac3d57
633:Black medick is sometimes used as a
1056:A Dictionary of English Plant-names
581:in that they end in a short point.
543:wildflowers of the related genera
527:) in antiquity. The specific name
284:W.L.E.Schmidt ex Schltdl. (1829)
25:
1269:"Black medic (Medicago lupulina)"
950:, Robert W. Freckmann Arboretum,
722:Flowers wilting after pollination
1815:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:506268-1
1298:Correspondence of Charles Darwin
834:
825:
816:
794:
775:
763:
751:
739:
727:
715:
703:
691:
55:
27:Plant species in the bean family
1236:Managing Cover Crops Profitably
920:University of Wisconsin–Madison
758:seeds next to US dime for scale
316:H.J.Coste & Soulié (1921)
1289:Entry in the Linnean herbarium
1096:New Flora of the British Isles
1:
1070:Jacobson, Arthur Lee (1995),
999:Agricultural Research Service
918:, Wisconsin State Herbarium,
893:Wildflowers of North America
562:is an annual or short-lived
1958:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1155:, London: A & C Black,
388:(W.D.J.Koch) Holub (1983)
1984:
1963:Flora of Lebanon and Syria
891:Venning, Frank D. (1984),
871:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
866:Plants of the World Online
509:
1128:Forage Information System
213:
206:
189:
182:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
1953:Plants described in 1753
782:an entire uprooted plant
734:unripe seed pods (green)
401:Melilotus medicaginoides
1132:Oregon State University
376:(Rothm.) Holub (1983)
300:Wallr. ex Ser. (1825)
1053:James Britten (1886),
746:ripe seed pods (black)
500:
571:, carried on a short
420:Wallr. ex DC. (1825)
396:(L.) Trautv. (1841)
349:Medicago willdenowii
1240:Beltsville, Maryland
469:) and sweet clover (
449:, is a plant of dry
437:, commonly known as
417:Trigonella mniocarpa
364:(L.) Medik. (1787)
341:Medicago willdenowii
281:Medicago corymbifera
225:Lupularia parviflora
1227:Clark, Andy (ed.),
1207:Plants for a Future
1202:"Medicago lupulina"
948:Plants of Wisconsin
912:"Medicago lupulina"
655:Trifolium campestre
409:Trifolium lupulinum
393:Melilotus lupulinus
333:Medicago stipularis
305:Medicago reniformis
289:Medicago cupianiana
257:Medicago breviflora
244:(L.) Scop. (1771)
916:Flora of Wisconsin
710:Leaves and flowers
667:lesser hop trefoil
412:(L.) Savi (1798)
381:Medicula lupulina
369:Medicula lupulina
321:Medicago rigidula
297:Medicago mniocarpa
265:Medicago canescens
1930:
1929:
1761:Open Tree of Life
1717:Medicago~lupulina
1466:Medicago_lupulina
1363:Medicago lupulina
1333:Medicago lupulina
1325:Taxon identifiers
1314:Wikispecies entry
1294:A mention in 1866
1178:Medicago lupulina
1028:Medicago lupulina
987:Medicago lupulina
942:Medicago lupulina
860:Medicago lupulina
770:Root with nodules
675:yellow woodsorrel
659:large hop trefoil
560:Medicago lupulina
491:The generic name
453:belonging to the
434:Medicago lupulina
430:
429:
421:
413:
405:
397:
389:
377:
365:
361:Medicula lupulina
357:
345:
337:
329:
317:
313:Medicago revoilii
309:
301:
293:
285:
277:
273:Medicago ciliaris
269:
261:
253:
249:Medicago apennina
245:
237:
229:
193:Medicago lupulina
36:Medicago lupulina
16:(Redirected from
1975:
1948:Flora of Lebanon
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578:Trifolium dubium
518:
512:
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503:
495:is derived, via
419:
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404:Zumagl. (1864)
403:
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175:M. lupulina
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46:
32:
21:
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1748:Observation.org
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336:Wallr. (1840)
322:
268:Menyh. (1877)
260:Gilib. (1782)
241:Medica lupulina
236:Noulet (1837)
233:Lupulina aurata
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197:
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178:
54:
28:
23:
22:
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12:
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5:
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1968:Flora of Malta
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1162:978-1408179505
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1072:"Black Medick"
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978:
976:
974:
972:
968:
958:on 2013-05-10
957:
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837:
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828:
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801:Color plate:
797:
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788:Illustrations
787:
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506:Ancient Greek
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385:willdenowiana
379:
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331:
328:Rouy (1899)
326:
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279:
276:Lucé (1823)
274:
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258:
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228:Opiz (1852)
226:
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185:
184:Binomial name
181:
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82:Tracheophytes
80:
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64:
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58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1887:black-medick
1332:
1272:
1262:
1251:, retrieved
1244:the original
1235:
1222:
1211:, retrieved
1205:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1177:
1170:
1152:
1146:
1135:, retrieved
1127:
1095:
1092:Stace, C. A.
1065:
1055:
1048:
1037:, retrieved
1027:
1006:, retrieved
992:
986:
960:, retrieved
956:the original
947:
941:
934:
923:, retrieved
915:
892:
886:
874:. Retrieved
864:
859:
852:
808:
802:
678:
670:
662:
654:
648:
632:
625:
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612:
609:Distribution
596:
583:
576:
559:
558:
548:
544:
541:
536:
528:
515:
492:
490:
470:
464:
458:
446:
442:
439:black medick
438:
433:
432:
431:
416:
408:
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392:
380:
368:
360:
348:
340:
332:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
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272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
192:
190:
174:
173:
161:
114:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
18:Black Medick
1673:NatureServe
1588:iNaturalist
1357:Wikispecies
1186:1 September
809:M. lupulina
685:Photographs
651:hop trefoil
597:Like other
555:Description
147:Subfamily:
95:Angiosperms
1937:Categories
1894:WisFlora:
1784:Plant List
1424:Calflora:
962:2015-06-15
844:References
804:M. arabica
447:hop clover
1544:200012213
1531:200012213
1513:FloraBase
1296:from the
671:T. dubium
663:T. aureum
564:perennial
549:Melilotus
545:Trifolium
537:Trifolium
472:Melilotus
466:Trifolium
451:grassland
325:eriocarpa
169:Species:
151:Faboideae
65:Kingdom:
1943:Medicago
1872:VicFlora
1861:VASCAN:
1854:13035583
1849:Tropicos
1789:ild-8519
1712:NSWFlora
1678:2.144467
1629:10758147
1616:506268-1
1461:eFloraSA
1414:BioLib:
1342:Wikidata
1229:"Medics"
1094:(2010),
639:nitrogen
603:bacteria
569:leaflets
529:lupulina
523:(now in
493:Medicago
460:Medicago
443:nonesuch
208:Synonyms
162:Medicago
141:Fabaceae
137:Family:
108:Eudicots
1567:2965201
1448:Ecocrop
1348:Q157923
1253:14 June
1213:14 June
1137:14 June
1039:14 June
1008:14 June
925:14 June
876:18 July
811:bottom.
673:), and
599:legumes
589:⁄
573:petiole
504:, from
481:alfalfa
373:jalasii
353:retorta
157:Genus:
131:Fabales
127:Order:
69:Plantae
1828:105551
1797:PLANTS
1724:NZOR:
1655:503721
1554:MEDLUP
1551:FoIO:
1505:170595
1479:646897
1391:APDB:
1371:AoFP:
1159:
1102:
698:Flower
635:fodder
516:Mēdikḗ
510:Μηδική
501:medica
455:legume
383:subsp.
371:subsp.
121:Rosids
1904:WoI:
1884:WiO:
1841:362-6
1836:SANBI
1773:PFI:
1766:38032
1735:NZPCN
1704:47085
1642:33034
1624:IRMNG
1600:IPA:
1593:57056
1580:23613
1500:EUNIS
1492:MEDLU
1440:3YNM2
1417:40026
1407:59446
1394:65912
1381:APA:
1247:(PDF)
1232:(PDF)
807:top;
628:honey
521:Media
497:Latin
487:Names
445:, or
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
1907:1557
1897:4212
1864:5830
1810:POWO
1802:MELU
1776:2566
1753:7043
1740:3151
1699:NCBI
1665:1330
1650:ITIS
1611:IPNI
1603:6005
1575:GRIN
1562:GBIF
1518:4076
1487:EPPO
1453:7654
1427:5382
1402:APNI
1384:2011
1374:1929
1255:2015
1215:2015
1188:2018
1157:ISBN
1139:2015
1100:ISBN
1041:2015
1010:2015
927:2015
878:2024
622:Uses
547:and
525:Iran
351:var.
323:var.
217:List
1915:WFO
1823:RHS
1686:NBN
1637:ISC
1539:FoC
1526:FNA
1474:EoL
1435:CoL
862:L."
681:).
665:),
657:),
533:hop
1939::
1917::
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200:L.
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