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between your first and second fingers and then curves to join the Mynwy. The fourth river, now called Grwyne Fawr, flows between your second and third fingers and then curves the other way, south, to join the fifth river, now called Grwyne Fechan, that has been flowing between your third and your outside finger. The sixth river, now called
Rhiangoll, flows at the edge of your outside finger.
40:
716:
275:) and Gader Fawr (Gadair Fawr); names applied to the hill at SO 229288. Cadair, mutated to 'gadair' and anglicised as 'gader', means 'seat' or 'chair' in Welsh. The Welsh name for these hills is traditionally Y Mynydd Du ('the black mountain') though in more recent times the name Y Mynyddoedd Duon ('the black mountains') has been used, being a retranslation from the English.
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far to the west and the intervening high ground. There is a suggestion too that the names
Hatterrall Hill and Mynydd y Gader may also once have been used to apply to the entire range of the Black Mountains though the former later became confined to the vicinity of its eastern ridge. The latter is now
441:
The six rivers rise in the plateau towards your wrist. The first river, now called Mynwy, flows at the outside edge of your thumb. The second river, now called Olchon, flows between your thumb and the first finger, to join the Mynwy at the top of your thumb. The third river, now called Honddu, flows
445:
This is the hand of the Black
Mountains, the shape first learned. Your thumb is Crib y Gath. Your first finger is Curum and Hateral. Your second finger is Ffawyddog, with Tal y Cefn and Bal Mawr at its knuckles. Your third finger is Gadair Fawr. Your outside finger is Allt Mawr, from Llysiau to
610:
affecting the range, notably in the Vale of Ewyas. The most impressive of all is that at Darren and Cwmyoy. Another impressive set of landslip forms can be seen at Black Darren and Red Darren ('Darren' signifies 'edge' in Welsh) on the eastern side of the
Hatterrall ridge west of
504:– a discontinuous limestone band known as the Ffynnon Limestone. Above this are the sandstone-dominated Senni Beds which form the upper reaches of much of the range. Higher again are the Brownstones which form the summit areas of the central and southern parts of the range.
437:
See this layered sandstone in the short mountain grass. Place your right hand on it, palm downward. See where the summer sun rises and where it stands at noon. Direct your index finger midway between them. Spread your fingers, not widely. You now hold this place in your hand.
605:
though the profile of this valley strongly suggests the presence of a major glacier. The valleys of the Grwyne Fawr and Grwyne Fechan were probably ice-free during the last ice age. One result of the over-steepening of valley sides by glacial action is the suite of
596:
The area lay at the margins of the
British ice-sheet during the ice ages; these hills were shaped by ice from a source in mid-Wales rather than generating any major glaciers of their own. Non-local rock fragments within the
631:
Scattered around the range are innumerable small quarries, virtually all of which now lie abandoned, once a source of walling and roofing stone for local use. In places the thin
Devonian limestones were worked to feed
1149:
1124:
623:, is perhaps most commonly seen, and the section of the mountain shows the landslip prominently when seen from the north, but is also visible from the south such is the scale of the feature.
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Cerrig Calch and its nail is Crug Hywel. On the high plateau of the back of your hand are Twyn y Llech and Twmpa, Rhos Dirion, Waun Fach and Y Das. You hold their shapes and their names.
57:
601:
show that Wye valley ice penetrated the
Rhiangoll valley from the north, moving over the low col at Pengenffordd. No such evidence has been found in the
19:
This article is about the range of hills in
Herefordshire, Monmouthshire, and Powys. For the summit within this range on the England–Wales border, see
138:
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76:
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219:. The range of hills is well known to walkers and ramblers for the ease of access and views from the many ridge trails, such as that on the
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for the production of lime for agricultural use and in buildings. Old Red
Sandstone has also frequently been used in buildings in
866:
1119:
329:
at 800 metres (2,625 ft) has a more distinctive peak shape. On the eastern ridge, the 703 metres (2,306 ft) peak of
72:
950:
61:
723:
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926:
425:
420:(also known as 'The Skirrid', Skyrrid or 'Holy Mountain') are scattered along the southern fringe of the Black Mountains.
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valley. The lower slopes of these hills are formed from the mudstone-rich St
Maughans beds at the top of which lies a
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220:
24:
692:
199:. The Black Mountains may be roughly defined as those hills contained within a triangle defined by the towns of
184:
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97:
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whose heavily eroded peat summit plateau attains a height of 811 metres (2,661 ft). Its secondary summit
858:
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251:
50:
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runs along the northern slopes of the massif. The range's northern escarpment offers opportunities for
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as winds are forced up and over the hills. Exercise Long Reach takes place in the Black Mountains.
292:
910:
361:, 690 metres (2,264 ft). Towards the south of the range are the more independent summits of
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British Geological Survey 1:50,000 scale geological maps (England & Wales series) 214
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but not all the Old Red Sandstone is red or sandstone — the sequence also includes
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stands on the Wales-England border, and is the highest point in England south of
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sediments. The familiar red colour of these rocks arises from the presence of
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The Black Mountains are composed almost exclusively of rocks assigned to the
902:
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in Herefordshire. Many act as bases for accessing the hills all year round.
830:
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rocks occur, an outlier of the more extensive outcrop to the south of the
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at 719 metres (2,359 ft) and the 701 metres (2,300 ft) peak of
259:
212:
208:
191:. They are the easternmost of the four ranges of hills that comprise the
688:
616:
590:
1006:
The Itinerary in Wales of John Leland in or about the years 1536–1539
809:
790:
520:
409:
224:
1012:
Containing Part 6 (The Itinerary in Wales), with a Map, London, 1906
310:
1026:(First ed.). Llandysul, Ceredigion: Gomer Press. p. 34.
845:
Settlements in and around the Black Mountains include Hay-on-Wye,
751:
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358:
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to be established, and there are more than two dozen second-hand
675:
runs along the border between England and Wales, whilst both the
566:
and colours can range from grey and green through red to purple.
539:
535:
211:
in the west. Other gateway towns to the Black Mountains include
497:
33:
754:
and mentioned in records from AD 1100. Antiquities include
266:
in the wider modern sense of that term, thus including the
27:. For the range of hills in Carmarthenshire and Powys, see
337:
in Yorkshire. Other summits towards the northern end are
227:. The range includes the highest public road in Wales at
23:. For the summit within this range in Herefordshire, see
1150:
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Herefordshire
742:
There are several villages and hamlets in this area.
921:
Books set in or around the Black Mountains include:
193:
Brecon Beacons (or Bannau Brycheiniog) national park
1125:
Mountain ranges of the Brecon Beacons National Park
64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1078:The Tradition A New History of Welsh Art 1400-1990
1145:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Brecknock
507:The Old Red Sandstone extends back into the late
534:at its base, and progresses to a combination of
901:The controversial artist and typeface designer
231:, and the highest point in southern England at
380:Outlying summits, all of which are classed as
171:) are a group of hills spread across parts of
149:in the south-west of the Black Mountains range
223:in Herefordshire, at the eastern edge of the
8:
683:also pass through the Black Mountains. The
913:worked in the area during the same period.
909:between 1924 and 1928. The artist and poet
589:The large landslip at the north end of the
166:
825:closed in late 2007. The town of books or
511:and forward into the earliest part of the
1022:Owen, Hywel Wyn; Morgan, Richard (2007).
829:lies just to the north. It was the first
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
977:
1024:Dictionary of the Place-names of Wales
615:. Another, at the northern end of the
488:. The exception is the summit area of
262:i.e. what is now considered to be the
962:Running for the Hills: a family story
321:The highest mountain in the group is
254:refers to a massif extending between
7:
62:adding citations to reliable sources
16:Region of hills in Wales and England
433:described the Black Mountains thus:
404:. The lower and separate hills of
934:(two books of an intended trilogy)
648:(now south Powys) of south Wales.
14:
652:Activities in the Black Mountains
353:, 713 metres (2,339 ft) and
73:"Black Mountains, United Kingdom"
271:recognised in Pen y Gader-fawr (
207:in the north and the village of
38:
746:has been claimed as the oldest
365:at 550 metres (1,804 ft),
349:), 677 metres (2,221 ft),
49:needs additional citations for
988:Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, Llanrwst
373:which rises prominently above
1:
927:People of the Black Mountains
426:People of the Black Mountains
306:valley in the Black Mountains
693:Black Mountains Gliding Club
1004:Toulmin Smith, Lucy (ed.),
958:(adapted as a film in 2011)
183:, and extending across the
1171:
1140:Landforms of Herefordshire
1135:Landforms of Monmouthshire
789:, an 11th to 13th century
25:Black Hill (Herefordshire)
18:
849:, Talgarth, Crickhowell,
819:are also located nearby.
492:where a thin sequence of
302:The southern part of the
1155:Mountain ranges of Wales
1063:& associated memoirs
1046:Welsh Academy Dictionary
946:(also adapted as a film)
793:built on the site of an
744:The Skirrid Mountain Inn
656:The area is popular for
243:In his description of a
1105:Local geology explained
1120:Black Mountains, Wales
739:
728:
727:Bookshop in Hay-on-Wye
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29:Black Mountain (range)
897:Cultural associations
857:in Monmouthshire and
785:, and the remains of
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691:, at places like the
588:
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21:Black Mountain (hill)
986:Place-names of Gwent
821:The youth hostel at
735:St Mary's Chapel at
619:just to the east of
513:Carboniferous period
464:and dating from the
355:Lord Hereford's Knob
185:England–Wales border
58:improve this article
878: /
472:sequence comprises
468:period. This thick
377:in the Usk Valley.
1130:Landforms of Powys
841:Towns and villages
740:
729:
721:
594:
583:
523:, is dominated by
484:and numerous thin
319:
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203:in the southeast,
151:
1087:978-1-910409-62-6
984:Morgan, R. 2005.
939:On The Black Hill
853:, each in Powys,
711:Local attractions
685:Three Rivers Ride
462:Old Red Sandstone
327:Pen y Gadair Fawr
273:Pen y Gadair Fawr
168:Y Mynyddoedd Duon
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882:51.950°N 3.100°W
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756:Llanthony Priory
719:Llanthony Priory
490:Pen Cerrig-calch
431:Raymond Williams
402:Mynydd Llangorse
371:Pen Cerrig-calch
293:Offa's Dyke Path
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143:Pen Cerrig-calch
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768:Tretower Castle
764:Craswall Priory
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644:and the former
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509:Silurian period
458:
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335:Great Whernside
314:Waun Fach from
291:crossed by the
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155:Black Mountains
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1099:External links
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772:Tretower Court
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673:National Trail
662:mountainbikers
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646:Brecknockshire
628:
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571:
570:Glacial legacy
568:
515:. The body of
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406:Allt yr Esgair
384:, include the
331:Black Mountain
316:Mynydd Llysiau
289:Black Mountain
287:The summit of
280:
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268:Black Mountain
264:Brecon Beacons
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233:Black Mountain
197:Black Mountain
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760:Vale of Ewyas
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642:Monmouthshire
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638:Herefordshire
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603:Vale of Ewyas
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580:Vale of Ewyas
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552:conglomerates
549:
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541:
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532:conglomerates
529:
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518:
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494:Carboniferous
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367:Pen Allt-mawr
364:
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305:
304:Grwyne Fechan
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245:Blak Montayne
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189:Herefordshire
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179:in southeast
178:
177:Monmouthshire
174:
169:
165:or sometimes
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148:
147:Pen Allt-mawr
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75: –
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70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
30:
26:
22:
1080:. Parthian.
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1000:
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907:Capel-y-ffin
900:
863:
844:
823:Capel-y-ffin
748:public house
741:
737:Capel-y-ffin
701:hang gliding
655:
630:
627:Exploitation
599:glacial till
595:
578:View up the
506:
459:
444:
440:
436:
424:
423:In his work
422:
418:Ysgyryd Fawr
398:Mynydd Troed
393:
379:
346:
320:
244:
242:
154:
152:
135:
120:
114:January 2010
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
1061:Abergavenny
956:Owen Sheers
911:David Jones
885: /
855:Abergavenny
806:Crickhowell
705:paragliding
681:Marches Way
677:Beacons Way
670:Offa's Dyke
666:horseriders
658:hillwalkers
621:Abergavenny
470:sedimentary
375:Crickhowell
351:Rhos Dirion
252:John Leland
249:antiquarian
229:Gospel Pass
217:Crickhowell
201:Abergavenny
163:Y Mynydd Du
1114:Categories
1074:Peter Lord
1059:& 232
972:References
951:Resistance
827:Hay-on-Wye
814:Partrishow
783:Crug Hywel
564:limestones
560:siltstones
548:iron oxide
486:limestones
482:siltstones
474:sandstones
386:Sugar Loaf
256:Carmarthen
221:Black Hill
205:Hay-on-Wye
84:newspapers
905:lived at
903:Eric Gill
835:bookshops
779:hill fort
762:, ruined
634:limekilns
608:landslips
562:and thin
556:mudstones
528:sediments
478:mudstones
394:Pen-y-Fal
363:Crug Mawr
347:Penybegwn
339:Hay Bluff
323:Waun Fach
279:Mountains
1076:(2006).
1057:Talgarth
859:Longtown
847:Llangors
831:booktown
817:churches
802:Talgarth
800:between
798:hillfort
795:Iron Age
776:Iron Age
697:Talgarth
679:and the
613:Longtown
525:alluvial
502:calcrete
466:Devonian
414:Bryn Arw
382:Marilyns
260:Monmouth
213:Talgarth
209:Llangors
917:Fiction
870:51°57′N
758:in the
689:gliding
617:Skirrid
591:Skirrid
456:Bedrock
451:Geology
98:scholar
1084:
1030:
1010:Vol. 3
992:
810:Cwmyoy
791:castle
774:, the
668:. The
521:facies
410:Myarth
247:, the
225:massif
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
873:3°6′W
851:Cwmdu
752:Wales
544:river
540:lakes
536:dunes
519:, or
390:Welsh
359:Twmpa
343:Welsh
187:into
181:Wales
173:Powys
159:Welsh
105:JSTOR
91:books
1082:ISBN
1028:ISBN
990:ISBN
812:and
804:and
703:and
664:and
542:and
530:and
517:rock
416:and
400:and
258:and
239:Name
215:and
175:and
153:The
145:and
77:news
964:by
954:by
942:by
930:by
781:of
750:in
695:in
498:Usk
396:),
357:or
60:by
1116::
1008:,
837:.
808:.
770:,
766:,
699:,
660:,
640:,
558:,
554:,
538:,
480:,
476:,
429:,
412:,
408:,
392::
345::
235:.
161::
1090:.
1036:.
388:(
341:(
157:(
127:)
121:(
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
54:.
31:.
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