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in order to prevent decimation through warfare. During his later years, Black Hoof became an ally of the United States and was responsible for keeping the majority of the
Shawnee nation from joining
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division of the
Shawnees, Black Hoof became known as a fierce warrior during the early wars between the Shawnee and encroaching American settlers. Black Hoof claimed to have been present at the
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Edmunds, R. David. (2001). "Forgotten Allies: The Loyal
Shawnees and the War of 1812". In Skaggs, David Curtis; Nelson, Larry L. (eds.).
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record before 1795. As a child he may have been a member of a wandering band of some 400 Shawnees led by
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Address of Black Hoof to
President Thomas Jefferson, 5 February 1802
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Lucien
Beckner, "Eskippakithiki, The Last Indian Town in Kentucky,"
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between 1745 and 1748, who founded the community in
Kentucky called
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in 1831. After his death, the
Shawnee were eventually compelled to
245:. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. pp. 337–51.
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Little documentary evidence of Black Hoof's life appears in the
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and, following the collapse of the Indian confederation,
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The Sixty Years' War for the Great Lakes, 1754–1814
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Vol. 6, No. 4, Oct 1932. Louisville, KY, pp 355-382
128:, as well as the subsequent defense of the Shawnee
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178:that the United States implemented soon after the
69:of what became the United States. A member of the
116:against the Virginia militia in 1774. During the
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317:Native Americans in the American Revolution
261:Concise Encyclopedia of the American Indian
228:, E.P. Grondine, posted Thu Feb 14, 2013.
54:(c. 1740 – 1831) was the head civil
322:Native American people of the Indian Wars
271:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press.
263:, 3rd ed., Wings Books: New York, 2000.
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267:Sugden, John (1999). "Black Hoof".
140:, Black Hoof was defeated by "Mad"
213:The Filson Club History Quarterly,
174:Black Hoof resisted the policy of
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312:People from Auglaize County, Ohio
120:, he may have taken part in the
108:. He probably took part in the
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182:. He never signed a removal
332:19th-century Shawnee people
327:18th-century Shawnee people
269:American National Biography
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124:in 1778, which was led by
118:American Revolutionary War
40:Black Hoof's headstone in
106:Old Shawneetown, Illinois
104:, eventually settling in
75:Battle of the Monongahela
226:"Hanna on Peter Charter"
110:Battle of Point Pleasant
81:was defeated during the
23:Black Hoof from an 1836
122:Siege of Boonesborough
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83:French and Indian War
77:in 1755 when General
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16:Shawnee tribal leader
138:Northwest Indian War
100:and later moved to
114:Lord Dunmore's War
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297:National Archives
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48:Catecahassa
306:Categories
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198:References
90:historical
52:Black Hoof
25:lithograph
148:in 1795.
192:emigrate
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130:village
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63:Indians
60:Shawnee
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