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typically involves a fish-eating bird, a snail and a fish. The black spot larvae grow to sexual maturity in the infected bird's intestine. The adult worms pass eggs with the bird's droppings. When the eggs reach water, they hatch into free-swimming organisms which then penetrate snails for further
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Duflot, Maureen; Cresson, Pierre; Julien, Maéva; Chartier, Léa; Bourgau, Odile; Palomba, Marialetizia; Mattiucci, Simonetta; Midelet, Graziella; Gay, Mélanie (2023).
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flatworms, which are encysted in the skin. It can affect both freshwater and marine fish. It appears as tiny black spots on the skin, fins, and flesh of the fish.
77:"Black spot diseases in seven commercial fish species from the English Channel and the North Sea: infestation levels, identification and population genetics of
58:. The fish surrounds the cyst with black pigment that gives the disease its name. If an infected fish is consumed by a bird, the cycle repeats itself.
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160:"Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife - Fish Health Issues - Volume 2, Issue 9 - Black Spot in Bass"
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development. Finally, after leaving the snails they burrow into the skin of fish and form a
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Dubois and an experimental determination of part of the life cycle".
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is a disease affecting fish. It is caused by larvae (
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23:A Creek Chub with Black Spot Disease.
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220:"DNR: Fish Parasites & Diseases"
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136:"Black Spot Disease (Neascus)"
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180:M. O. Williams (1967). "The
247:Parasitic helminths of fish
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206:10.1017/S0022149X00021659
16:Parasitic disease of fish
194:Journal of Helminthology
190:Posthodiplostomutn nanum
97:10.1051/parasite/2023028
162:. Maine.gov. 2000-09-09
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186:Posthodiplostomulum
28:Black spot disease
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188:) stage of
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62:References
47:life cycle
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182:Neascus
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