543:, from Norwich, created "stenchcore", bringing "both the look and sound — dirty and metallic, respectively — to their natural conclusion". Initially an anarcho-punk group, they began to take increasing influence from metal. As vocalist Julian "Leggo" Kilsby comments "We were very much a part of the anarcho scene, to start with, very politically motivated... all the way through the band's existence, really, although it got less obvious as time went by. But I never really liked the straightforward 'War is bad...' lyrics that were so prevalent at the time, so as my writing skills improved I wanted to add more depth to our lyrics and make them more metaphorical; I'd always been into horror films, so that started to manifest itself in the imagery I was using."
397:. Malcolm "Scruff" Lewty, guitarist and vocalist of Hellbastard, describes the distinction between metal and crust punk lyrics "Metal lyrics were so dumb, so far removed from daily life. Venom were going on about Satan... and bikes... and Satan... and women... and Satan! You know what? I never got up in the morning and said, 'Fuck yeah! Satan! Let's go and meet my disciples from Hell!' I'd switch on the TV and know I was going to see hundreds of people dying because there'd been an earthquake in the third world... and all these people starving to death while military expenditure still increased... That was — and still is — the reality of it. The whole heavy metal thing is just an escape from reality, into this other world of... well, bullshit basically."
550:. However, Pete Hurley, the guitarist for the group, declared that he had no interest in being remembered as a pioneer of this style: "'grindcore' was a legendarily stupid term coined by a hyperactive kid from the West Midlands, and it had nothing to do with us whatsoever. ENT were, are, and — I suspect — always will be a hardcore punk band... not a grindcore band, a stenchcore band, a trampcore band, or any other sub-sub-sub-core genre-defining term you can come up with."
1043:-oriented branch of punk garb. Similar to anarcho-punk, most clothing is black in colour. Denim jackets and hooded sweatshirts with sewn-on patches, or vests covered in studs, spikes and band patches are characteristic elements of the crust punk style of dress or pants covered in band patches. Crust punks also sometimes wear dreadlocks and piercings. Julian "Leggo" Kilsby of Deviated Instinct describes crust as "a punk-y biker look, more akin to Mad Max.
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1756:"C: Do you think that FUKPIG has founded a style of his own? Misery: Nah its just d-beat crust, with added horror C: and then What difference to FUKPIG from the rest of the bands? Misery: We add more black metal / horror influences, but are still inspired by the same things C: Is Necro-Punk your style? Misery: Yeah, necro in the black metal style playing crust punk, so yeah Necro Punk."
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In a very ironic paradox, black metal and crust punk have recently started to embrace one another. Members of
Darkthrone and Satyricon have lately claimed that they love punk, while among crusties, black metal is the latest fashion. In fact, the latest album by crust punk band
1000:. Unlike most other punk–metal fusion genres, neo-crust's sound is neither distinctively rooted in punk or metal, instead frequently shifting between the two, disregarding genre boundaries. It is often dark and heavy however also melodic. Notable bands include
519:, and Amebix several years earlier. In the same book, he quoted the group's vocalist and guitarist Malcolm "Scruff" Lewty "A lot of people say we started the crust punk genre, but whatever. If they wanna say that, I don't mind, but I'm certainly no
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Vocals in crust punk are often shrieked or shouted, and may be shared between two or more vocalists. The lyrical content of crust punk tends to be bleak and nihilistic, yet politically engaged. Crust punk songs are often about
510:
is widely regarded as the first time the word 'crust' was used in the punk context, and hence the specific starting point of the whole crust punk genre, although some would attribute that accolade to the likes of
340:. However, many groups confine themselves to a crawling, sludgy pace. The overall musical sound has been described as being "stripped down". Drumming is typically done at high speed, with
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232:. The style, which evolved in the early 1980s in England, often has songs with dark and pessimistic lyrics that linger on political and social ills. The term "crust" was coined by
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Crust punk was affected by a second wave of black metal in the 1990s, with some bands emphasising these black metal elements. Iskra are probably the most obvious example of
527:, author Gabriel Kuhn Punk stated that the name of the genre came from the "crusty" appearance of the genre's practitioning bands. journalist Felix von Havoc contends that
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Red and anarchist black metal (also known as RABM or anarchist black metal) is a subgenre that melds black metal with anarchist crust punk, promoting ideologies such as
868:. Lyrics often focus on themes such as drug-use, religion, politics and social issues. Other genres sometimes incorporated in conjunction with the style include
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also fused crust punk with black metal while the
English band Fukpig has been said to have elements of crust punk, black metal, and grindcore. Germany's
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676:) also emerged from Sweden, which had always had a strong D-beat scene. Many of these groups developed in parallel with the much more commercial
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sounds very black metal--while the latest black metal opus by
Darkthrone sounds very punk! This would have been unimaginable in the early 90s.
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with occasional slow sections. Vocals are usually raspy screams, but can also be grunted/growled. Crust punk takes cues from the
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were among the first bands to have the traditional UK "crust" sound. Additional subgenres of this style began to develop.
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2228:"Ladyhawk Celebrate 10th Anniversary with "Decade of Passive Aggression" Canadian Tour, Outline New Album Possibilities"
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Andrew
Childers, "Kick in the South: A Look Back at Prank Records and the Southern Crust Scene." 5 April 2008.
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have incorporated crust punk traits in their mid-to-late 2000s material. As Daniel
Ekeroth wrote in 2008,
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781:-influenced crust punk; Iskra coined their own phrase "blackened crust" to describe their new style. The
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1851:"Canadian Crust Punks Storm of Sedition Go Off the Grid on Their Furious New 'Decivilize' LP | NOISEY"
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Neo crust is a genre that merges crust punk with elements of various extreme music styles including
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2306:"Ancst's Anti-Fascist Agenda Bleeds into the Urgent Black Metal Crust of Their New Album 'Moloch'"
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Crustcore (also known as crusty hardcore), is a sub-genre of crust punk that takes influence from
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348:, author Gabriel Kuhn referred to the genre as a "blend of 1977 British punk, roots culture and
1024:"Crusties" redirects here. For the similar subcultures sometimes also known as "crusties," see
580:, from San Francisco, also borrowed from Amebix, and inaugurated crust punk on the West Coast.
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acted as focal points of the scene. The most well-known representative of
Southern crust was
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has a crust scene which includes bands as Black Panda, Ekkaia and Madame Germen. In 2017,
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Crack rock steady is a punk rock fusion-genre, which combines elements of crust punk and
708:, held in Czechia since 2000, has become a "summer ritual" for many European crust fans.
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emerged from the crust punk scene. This early style is sometimes dubbed "crustgrind".
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American crust punk began in New York City, also in the mid-1980s, with the work of
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1960:"Music, Ideology and How They Interact: A Journey from Sacred Music to Black Metal"
1359:
Sober Living for the
Revolution: Hardcore Punk, Straight Edge, and Radical Politics
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Sober Living for the
Revolution: Hardcore Punk, Straight Edge, and Radical Politics
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Sober Living for the
Revolution: Hardcore Punk, Straight Edge, and Radical Politics
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es:Crust punk#D.C3.A9cada de los 90s.2F00s .28Portland.2C Suecia.2C Espa.C3.B1a.29
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label. In this period, the ethos of crust punk became particularly codified, with
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has been described as mixing crustgrind and black metal, along with elements of
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as the first album in the genre. Crustcore bands include
Extreme Noise Terror,
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have been playing blackened crust since their formation in 2009. In addition,
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Crust-punks Behind Enemy Lines release One Nation Under The Iron Fist of God
1327:"Livermore: All's well with the Bay Area punk scene say members of the Sick"
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1683:"Directionless people are malleable—easily pointed in the wrong directions"
1052:
Members of the sub-culture are generally outspokenly political, possessing
446:
were also early influences. Amebix also brought in influences from various
960:'s emergence. The first grindcore, practised by the British bands such as
856:, Skagos, Storm of Sedition, Not A Cost, Black Kronstadt, and Vidargangr.
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1567:"Powerviolence: The Dysfunctional Family of Bllleeeeaaauuurrrgghhh!!."
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1990:
1626:"Pittsburgh Calling: A capsule look at Pittsburgh bands making news"
2501:
Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore
1481:
3808:
2515:
Making Punk a Threat Again: Profane Existence: Best Cuts 1989-1993
2021:"If It Ain't Got No Blastbeat, It's Not My Revolution: Panopticon"
1604:
1033:
782:
761:'s lead vocalist and guitarist sent his band's early demo tape to
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was in close proximity to crust punk, particularly in the case of
473:
415:
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252:
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Extreme Noise Terror is credited with developing this style into
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2520:
2466:
The Day the Country Died: A History of Anarcho Punk 1980 to 1984
2410:
Kevin Stewart-Panko, "I Saw Disfear Three Times in Three Days",
765:
of Venom, who replied by saying "We'll rip you off". Similarly,
329:
303:
have been described as the originators of the style, along with
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2524:
612:. Crust punk also flourished in Minneapolis, shepherded by the
410:
The initial inspiration for the crust punk scene came from the
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2256:"Discharge Sign with Nuclear Blast for First Album in 8 Years"
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was initially inspired by crust punk as well as heavy metal.
2948:
2068:"14 Bush-era political artworks that stood the test of time"
1931:"De Zwaarste Metalgids: 66 metalgenres in Ă©Ă©n zin uitgelegd"
1325:
Loolwa Khazzoom, Special to The Chronicle (11 March 2005).
628:
being prescribed by many of the figures in the scene. The
2363:"10 bandas de metal extremo pra vocĂŞ que Ă© esquerdista"
2152:"Scott Sturgeon (Leftover Crack/Star F*cking Hipsters)"
592:(Minneapolis) were also significant U.S. crust groups.
1660:"The Sincere and Vibrant World of the Czech DIY Scene"
688:
Some notable crust bands in the 2000s include Iskra,
523:, saying I invented something I didn't." However, in
385:, police, personal grievances, oppressive states and
2200:"Thrash 'n burn: why 1985 was metal's defining year"
1906:"Review Vidargangr – A World That has To Be Opposed"
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2124:"Leftover Crack Doesn't Just Talk About Being Punk"
170:
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116:
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62:
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916:'s segment of the "Earslaughter" split album with
389:. Amebix were also interested in various forms of
2897:List of musicians in the second wave of punk rock
2452:Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980-1984
2095:
2093:
2091:
1188:"A History Of Metal - Punk Special: Crust Punk".
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
228:influenced by the English punk scene as well as
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2174:"Album Review: WOLFBRIGADE Run With The Hunted"
1808:"Young and in the Way When Life Comes to Death"
1128:
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332:. The tempos are often fast, but just short of
2284:"White Fence – "Today's Lesson" (Filth Cover)"
1397:
1395:
1393:
352:", with the genre often taking influence from
4332:
3674:
2964:
2536:
2015:
2013:
1899:
1897:
1178:, Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. 11.
27:"Crusty" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
1503:Adam Louie, Mastodon, Neurosis show review,
1478:"John John Jesse interview - HOARD MAGAZINE"
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
2361:Silva, Thiago “Índio” (19 September 2018).
2047:"Skagos: Anarchic Album Review – Pitchfork"
1877:"Skagos: Anarchic Album Review | Pitchfork"
295:. While the term was first associated with
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3681:
3667:
3659:
2971:
2957:
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2760:
2543:
2529:
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2062:
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1176:The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977-1987
600:An important American crust punk band was
47:
38:
2480:Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985-1989
1297:
1295:
1293:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
876:. Notable bands within the genre include
1600:
1598:
1539:#301, June 2008, record reviews section.
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1106:
852:. Artists labelled RABM include Iskra,
1202:
1191:
251:" sound. It is often played at a fast
1311:
1309:
1307:
7:
2172:LUEDTKE, CHRISTOPHER (15 May 2017).
2150:VERDUCCI, RICHARD (8 October 2010).
1992:Black Metal Theory Symposium Program
2100:GENTILE, JOHN (12 September 2015).
1658:Sanna, Jacopo (20 September 2017).
1315:Glasper 2006. "Amebix." p. 198-201.
1256:"Crust: the other side of the coin"
1145:. Profane Existence. Archived from
1141:Von Havoc, Felix (1 January 1984).
506:, punk historian Ian Glasper said "
478:Pioneering English crust punk band
324:Crust punk is a derivative form of
2339:Tiernan, Jake (20 November 2015).
2102:"Sonic Reducer: Crack Rock Steady"
1049:is the crustiest film ever made!"
1039:Crust punks are associated with a
644:. Crust was also prominent in the
25:
4640:Early Norwegian black metal scene
3568:Animal rights and punk subculture
2496:#181, March 2009, p. 46, 51.
1780:Aeon Unveils the Thrones of Decay
1776:Weber, Austin (4 December 2014).
1624:Mervis, Scott (1 February 2007).
1095:Animal rights and punk subculture
956:Crust punk had a major impact on
494:. The term "crust" was coined by
4301:
4300:
4200:New wave of American heavy metal
2282:Breihan, Tom (30 October 2013).
1535:Nick Mangel, Disrupt LP review,
1414:. The Gauntlet. 29 February 2008
243:Crust is partly defined by its "
4701:New wave of British heavy metal
4205:New wave of British heavy metal
3553:List of punk compilation albums
2872:List of hardcore punk subgenres
720:Vivian Slaughter of Gallhammer.
660:. Prominent crust punk groups (
486:Crust was founded by the bands
2929:(includes section on hardcore)
1968:American University of Armenia
1:
2517:. Loincloth. ASIN: B000J2M8GS
2414:, no. 46, August 2008, p. 22.
2198:Kelly, Kim (14 August 2015).
1571:no. 172. July 2008. p. 36-37.
836:Red and anarchist black metal
588:(South Carolina), MISERY and
557:. The group emerged from the
482:performing in Finland in 2011
153:Red and Anarchist black metal
2304:Kelly, Kim (31 March 2016).
4210:Early Norwegian black metal
3558:List of punk rock festivals
2867:List of hardcore punk bands
1471:John John Jesse interview,
1459:Init 5, 25 September 2007.
1401:"In Grind We Crust," p. 51.
1244:"In Grind We Crust," p. 46.
729:Crust punk groups, such as
712:Relations with other genres
4776:
3512:Second wave punk musicians
2513:Profane Existence (1997).
2440:. Bazillion Points Books.
1721:no. 171, June 2008, p. 56.
1507:magazine, 29 January 2008
1462:Access date: 18 June 2008.
1032:. For "eye crusties," see
1023:
26:
4714:
4291:
3507:First wave punk musicians
1583:Access date: 21 June 2008
1526:Access date: 18 June 2008
1510:Access date: 18 June 2008
1494:Access date: 18 June 2008
741:took some influence from
344:sometimes being used. In
175:
163:
143:
131:
46:
2436:Ekeroth, Daniel (2008).
2341:"Starter Kit: Neo Crust"
1763:10 November 2013 at the
1070:List of crust punk bands
678:Scandinavian death metal
4760:English styles of music
4625:Australian thrash metal
4150:Bangladeshi heavy metal
4140:Australian thrash metal
2499:Mudian, Albert (2000).
1997:University of Ljubljana
1989:Nonjon, Adrien (2019).
779:second wave black metal
29:Krusty (disambiguation)
4635:Brazilian thrash metal
4273:Heavy metal subculture
4185:Indigenous metal music
4160:Brazilian thrash metal
4145:Australian heavy metal
1355:Kuhn, Gabriel (2010).
1201:Cite journal requires
833:
721:
632:scene associated with
483:
4665:Teutonic thrash metal
4630:Bay Area thrash metal
4427:Blackened death metal
4225:Teutonic thrash metal
4155:Bay Area thrash metal
4135:Argentine heavy metal
3750:Blackened death metal
3648:Timeline of punk rock
3578:Death of Brian Deneke
3188:Progressive metalcore
2693:Progressive metalcore
2492:"In Grind We Crust,"
2478:Glasper, Ian (2009).
2464:Glasper, Ian (2006).
2450:Glasper, Ian (2004).
1806:Zorgdrager, Bradley.
1592:Ekeroth, p. 107, 266.
890:Star Fucking Hipsters
719:
477:
4165:Canadian heavy metal
3474:Scottish Gaelic punk
2482:. Cherry Red Books.
2468:. Cherry Red Books.
2454:. Cherry Red Books.
1778:"Downfall of Gaia: "
1610:15 June 2006 at the
1519:Anthony Bartkewicz,
1484:on 21 September 2008
1363:. PM Press. p.
966:Extreme Noise Terror
914:Extreme Noise Terror
807:Young and in the Way
576:. The early work of
537:Extreme Noise Terror
531:, Excrement of War,
112:Early 1980s, England
4660:Swedish death metal
4645:Florida death metal
4220:Swedish death metal
4175:Florida death metal
4170:Chinese heavy metal
4130:African heavy metal
3928:Neue Deutsche Härte
3516:List of punk bands
2438:Swedish Death Metal
1736:Supersonic Festival
1717:"Hard of Hearing",
1537:Maximum Rock'n'Roll
1387:Glasper 2009, 183."
1277:"In Crust We Trust"
805:. North Carolina's
696:. The Spanish city
328:, mixed with metal
224:) is a subgenre of
4691:heavy metal genres
4650:Les LĂ©gions Noires
4594:neoclassical metal
4367:National Socialist
4195:Les LĂ©gions Noires
3923:Neoclassical metal
3733:National Socialist
3642:List of punk films
3537:Women in punk rock
3060:Christian hardcore
2581:Christian hardcore
1628:. Post-gazette.com
1555:2011-11-28 at the
1523:No. 31, May 2007.
1026:New Age travellers
722:
690:Behind Enemy Lines
638:Man Is the Bastard
634:Slap-a-Ham Records
504:Trapped in a Scene
502:demo. In his book
484:
57:performing in 1985
4727:
4726:
4655:Palm Desert Scene
4559:beatdown hardcore
4554:Avant-garde metal
4314:
4313:
3973:Progressive metal
3718:Beatdown hardcore
3713:Avant-garde metal
3708:Alternative metal
3656:
3655:
3573:Conservative Punk
3500:People and groups
3183:Melodic metalcore
3126:Beatdown hardcore
2946:
2945:
2892:Hardcore skinhead
2855:
2854:
2651:Melodic metalcore
2571:Beatdown hardcore
2488:978-1-901447-61-3
2446:978-0-9796163-1-0
2423:Glasper 2009, 287
2129:Phoenix New Times
2076:. 23 January 2017
1958:Gevorgyan, Elen.
1758:Interview: Fukpig
1738:. 22 October 2010
1450:Glasper 2009, 279
1441:Glasper 2009, 286
1432:Glasper 2009, 284
1301:Glasper 2009, 185
860:Crack rock steady
743:early black metal
614:Profane Existence
566:New York hardcore
541:Deviated Instinct
462:, and especially
452:Public Image Ltd.
450:bands, including
368:Vocals and lyrics
211:
210:
149:crack rock steady
78:Stylistic origins
16:(Redirected from
4767:
4745:Punk rock genres
4740:Crust and d-beat
4547:Derivative forms
4437:crossover thrash
4341:
4334:
4327:
4318:
4304:
4303:
4253:Environmentalism
4024:Musical elements
4008:Crossover thrash
3886:Industrial metal
3683:
3676:
3669:
3660:
3546:Related articles
3324:Alternative rock
3146:Melodic hardcore
3136:Digital hardcore
3131:Crossover thrash
2973:
2966:
2959:
2950:
2847:Washington, D.C.
2761:
2646:Melodic hardcore
2616:Digital hardcore
2586:Crossover thrash
2545:
2538:
2531:
2522:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2336:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2254:Adams, Gregory.
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2226:Adams, Gregory.
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2097:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1964:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1847:
1834:
1833:Ekeroth, p. 258.
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1786:No Clean Singing
1773:
1767:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1681:Dunlap, Xander.
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1655:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1621:
1615:
1605:Iskra Interviews
1602:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1546:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1521:Decibel Magazine
1517:
1511:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1480:. Archived from
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1362:
1352:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1302:
1299:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1254:Cunha, Ricardo.
1251:
1245:
1242:
1229:
1228:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1174:Peter Jandreus,
1172:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1138:
1058:anti-consumerist
1002:His Hero is Gone
846:environmentalism
831:
791:Downfall of Gaia
658:His Hero Is Gone
624:, and sometimes
442:and the Finnish
179:Crossover thrash
117:Derivative forms
109:Cultural origins
53:Crust punk band
51:
39:
21:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4710:
4669:
4613:
4542:
4415:
4350:
4345:
4315:
4310:
4287:
4234:
4230:Ukrainian metal
4180:Hungarian metal
4122:
4116:
4058:Gallop drumbeat
4019:
3998:Symphonic metal
3760:Christian metal
3699:
3692:
3687:
3657:
3652:
3618:Punk literature
3613:Punk visual art
3608:Punk ideologies
3598:Punk subculture
3541:
3532:Punk filmmakers
3495:
3383:
3312:
3281:Punk pathetique
3018:
3012:
2982:
2977:
2947:
2942:
2927:Punk subculture
2917:Punk ideologies
2851:
2810:
2757:Regional scenes
2752:
2554:
2549:
2503:. Feral House.
2433:
2431:Further reading
2428:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2392:. 16 March 2021
2388:
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2248:
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2236:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2205:TheGuardian.com
2197:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2178:Metal Injection
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
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2120:
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2079:
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2028:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1929:
1928:
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1912:
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1902:
1895:
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1883:
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1870:
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1858:
1849:
1848:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1765:Wayback Machine
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1708:Ekeroth, p. 27.
1707:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1612:Wayback Machine
1603:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1562:
1557:Wayback Machine
1547:
1543:
1534:
1530:
1518:
1514:
1502:
1498:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1354:
1353:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1300:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1232:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1200:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1149:on 15 June 2008
1143:"Rise of Crust"
1140:
1139:
1108:
1103:
1066:
1037:
1022:
1014:From Ashes Rise
974:
954:
898:
862:
838:
832:
830:
775:
773:Blackened crust
727:
714:
686:
598:
559:Lower East Side
533:Electro Hippies
521:Malcolm McLaren
472:
434:, Skitslickers/
430:groups such as
408:
403:
370:
322:
320:Instrumentation
317:
315:Characteristics
216:(also known as
159:Regional scenes
145:Blackened crust
104:
58:
35:
32:
23:
22:
18:Blackened crust
15:
12:
11:
5:
4773:
4771:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4732:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4618:Notable scenes
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4459:death 'n' roll
4456:
4455:
4454:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4321:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4190:Japanese metal
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4124:
4121:Notable scenes
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4055:
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4040:
4039:
4038:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3844:Medieval metal
3841:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3794:
3789:
3787:Death 'n' roll
3784:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3663:
3654:
3653:
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3650:
3645:
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3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
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3555:
3549:
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3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3464:United Kingdom
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3317:Related genres
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3055:Christian punk
3052:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3022:
3020:
3017:Subgenres and
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2978:
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2975:
2968:
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2924:
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2884:
2879:
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2869:
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2853:
2852:
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2849:
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2824:
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2809:
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2798:
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2758:
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2753:
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2745:
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2730:
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2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2673:
2668:
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2653:
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2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2566:Bandana thrash
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2497:
2490:
2476:
2462:
2448:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2416:
2403:
2381:
2353:
2324:
2296:
2274:
2246:
2218:
2190:
2164:
2142:
2114:
2087:
2056:
2038:
2027:. 19 July 2012
2009:
1981:
1950:
1936:Studio Brussel
1922:
1910:Lords of Metal
1893:
1868:
1835:
1826:
1798:
1768:
1749:
1723:
1710:
1701:
1673:
1650:
1639:
1616:
1594:
1585:
1573:
1560:
1541:
1528:
1512:
1496:
1473:Hoard Magazine
1464:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1412:"The Gauntlet"
1403:
1389:
1380:
1373:
1340:
1317:
1303:
1289:
1268:
1246:
1230:
1221:Popoff, Martin
1212:
1203:|journal=
1180:
1160:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1021:
1018:
1010:Fall of Efrafa
973:
970:
953:
950:
904:and sometimes
897:
894:
882:Leftöver Crack
878:Choking Victim
861:
858:
837:
834:
828:
774:
771:
726:
723:
713:
710:
702:Bandcamp Daily
685:
682:
662:Driller Killer
646:American South
597:
594:
574:Agnostic Front
568:, living with
498:on their 1986
471:
468:
407:
404:
402:
399:
369:
366:
321:
318:
316:
313:
271:of bands like
236:on their 1986
209:
208:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
173:
172:
168:
167:
165:United Kingdom
161:
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155:
141:
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136:
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129:
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118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
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102:
97:
92:
87:
81:
79:
75:
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24:
14:
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2:
4772:
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4755:Extreme metal
4753:
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4741:
4738:
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4735:
4720:
4719:List of bands
4717:
4716:
4713:
4707:
4704:
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4699:
4697:
4694:
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4689:
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4686:hardcore punk
4684:
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4564:dungeon synth
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4496:electronicore
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4422:
4420:Fusion genres
4418:
4412:
4409:
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4399:
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4360:
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4349:
4348:Extreme metal
4342:
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4123:and movements
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3830:
3829:Extreme metal
3827:
3825:
3824:Electronicore
3822:
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3807:
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3701:
3700:fusion genres
3698:Subgenres and
3695:
3691:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3639:
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3634:
3633:Straight edge
3631:
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3481:United States
3479:
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3415:List of bands
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3386:
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3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
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3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3261:Post-hardcore
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
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3161:Electronicore
3159:
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3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3121:Hardcore punk
3119:
3117:
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3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
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3024:
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3019:fusion genres
3015:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
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2989:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2960:
2955:
2954:
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2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:Straight edge
2931:
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2815:United States
2813:
2807:
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2764:International
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2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:Powerviolence
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2676:Post-hardcore
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
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2649:
2647:
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2621:Electronicore
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2557:
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2552:Hardcore punk
2546:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2509:1-932595-04-X
2506:
2502:
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2474:1-901447-70-7
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2460:1-901447-24-3
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2122:MOSES, JEFF.
2118:
2115:
2103:
2096:
2094:
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2073:The A.V. Club
2069:
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2052:
2051:pitchfork.com
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990:hardcore punk
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902:hardcore punk
895:
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886:Morning Glory
883:
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870:hardcore punk
867:
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857:
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683:
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667:
664:, Totalitär,
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:Prank Records
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:powerviolence
627:
626:straight edge
623:
619:
618:vegetarianism
615:
611:
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579:
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383:animal rights
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289:Black Sabbath
286:
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230:extreme metal
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139:Fusion genres
137:
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115:
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107:
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95:extreme metal
93:
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66:
65:
61:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
30:
19:
4750:Anarcho-punk
4674:Other topics
4579:groove metal
4574:gothic metal
4538:Viking metal
4528:sludge metal
4511:Nintendocore
4452:funeral doom
4441:
4411:thrash metal
4090:Shred guitar
4053:Cymbal choke
4015:Viking metal
4003:Thrash metal
3993:Stoner metal
3983:Sludge metal
3948:Pirate metal
3933:Nintendocore
3891:Kawaii metal
3881:Groove metal
3866:Gothic metal
3839:Celtic metal
3802:Funeral doom
3764:
3628:Puntala-rock
3603:Punk fashion
3374:Thrash metal
3171:Nintendocore
3030:
3026:Anarcho-punk
2860:Other topics
2743:Thrash metal
2723:Sludge metal
2666:Nintendocore
2595:
2514:
2500:
2493:
2479:
2465:
2451:
2437:
2419:
2411:
2406:
2394:. Retrieved
2384:
2372:. Retrieved
2366:
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2344:. Retrieved
2315:. Retrieved
2309:
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2287:. Retrieved
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2259:
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2209:. Retrieved
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2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2177:
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2127:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2078:. Retrieved
2071:
2050:
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2024:
2000:. Retrieved
1991:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1966:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1934:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:
1884:. Retrieved
1880:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1857:. April 2016
1854:
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1811:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1779:
1771:
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1740:. Retrieved
1735:
1726:
1718:
1713:
1704:
1692:. Retrieved
1686:
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1664:. Retrieved
1653:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1619:
1588:
1576:
1568:
1563:
1544:
1536:
1531:
1520:
1515:
1504:
1499:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:the original
1472:
1467:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1406:
1383:
1358:
1331:. Retrieved
1329:. Sfgate.com
1320:
1280:. Retrieved
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1249:
1224:
1215:
1194:cite journal
1183:
1175:
1151:. Retrieved
1147:the original
1075:Anarcho-punk
1051:
1044:
1038:
975:
962:Napalm Death
955:
899:
863:
839:
820:
795:sludge metal
776:
755:Celtic Frost
728:
687:
610:Pennsylvania
599:
552:
545:
524:
507:
503:
500:Ripper Crust
499:
485:
464:Killing Joke
460:Joy Division
412:anarcho-punk
409:
371:
345:
326:anarcho-punk
323:
285:Celtic Frost
257:anarcho-punk
242:
238:Ripper Crust
237:
221:
217:
213:
212:
199:thrash metal
189:sludge metal
171:Other topics
85:Anarcho-punk
36:
4681:Death growl
4609:power metal
4533:stoner rock
4523:pagan metal
4516:progressive
4464:drone metal
4406:speed metal
4384:death metal
4362:Black metal
4268:Headbanging
4215:Palm Desert
4105:Death growl
4085:Power chord
4080:Palm muting
4075:Guitar solo
3988:Speed metal
3968:Power metal
3943:Pagan metal
3916:Progressive
3896:Latin metal
3819:Drone metal
3770:Death metal
3728:Black metal
3723:Biker metal
3690:Heavy metal
3469:Celtic punk
3437:Netherlands
3369:Speed metal
3329:Gothic rock
3303:Street punk
3266:Psychobilly
3237:Street punk
3222:Latino punk
3217:Horror punk
3141:Krishnacore
3116:Garage punk
3104:Celtic punk
2994:Garage rock
2837:Minneapolis
2733:Street punk
2728:Speed metal
2636:Krishnacore
2611:Death metal
2576:Black metal
2396:16 February
2390:"Neo-Crust"
2374:16 February
2346:16 February
2317:16 February
2002:20 February
1974:20 February
1943:20 February
1939:(in German)
1225:Speed Metal
1090:Gutter punk
1030:gutter punk
994:death metal
978:black metal
930:Wolfbrigade
910:Felix Havoc
874:heavy metal
745:bands like
739:Anti System
725:Black metal
704:wrote that
670:Wolfbrigade
654:CrimethInc.
570:Roger Miret
508:Rippercrust
496:Hellbastard
375:nuclear war
354:death metal
350:black metal
297:Hellbastard
269:heavy metal
234:Hellbastard
204:black metal
100:biker metal
63:Other names
34:Music genre
4734:Categories
4604:post-metal
4569:funk metal
4479:pornogrind
4447:death-doom
4442:crust punk
4401:doom metal
4070:Distortion
4048:Blast beat
3958:Post-metal
3953:Pornogrind
3856:Glam metal
3851:Funk metal
3834:Folk metal
3814:Doom metal
3797:Death-doom
3765:Crust punk
3638:Punk films
3491:Yugoslavia
3485:California
3388:By country
3379:Visual kei
3354:Noise rock
3344:Industrial
3271:Punk blues
3254:Skate punk
3210:Thrashcore
3200:Riot grrrl
3109:Gypsy punk
3072:Dance-punk
3048:Avant-punk
3031:Crust punk
2999:Proto-punk
2987:Precursors
2938:Youth crew
2827:California
2806:Yugoslavia
2748:Thrashcore
2718:Skate punk
2703:Riot grrrl
2671:Pornogrind
2596:Crust punk
2494:Terrorizer
2368:Vice Media
2311:Vice Media
2025:PopMatters
1791:20 October
1719:Terrorizer
1662:. Bandcamp
1569:Terrorizer
1488:12 October
1101:References
998:doom metal
912:described
906:thrashcore
854:Panopticon
824:Skitsystem
815:Darkthrone
803:post-metal
799:doom metal
787:Gallhammer
751:Hellhammer
706:Fluff Fest
666:Skitsystem
606:Pittsburgh
602:Aus Rotten
586:Antischism
584:(Boston),
564:scene and
436:Anti Cimex
426:. Swedish
406:Precursors
395:Gnosticism
379:militarism
334:thrashcore
281:Hellhammer
220:or simply
218:stenchcore
214:Crust punk
194:thrashcore
71:stenchcore
42:Crust punk
4706:screaming
4491:deathcore
4486:metalcore
4474:goregrind
4469:grindcore
4432:blackgaze
4394:technical
4372:symphonic
4296:Hard rock
4263:Festivals
4110:Screaming
4036:Fuzz bass
3978:Rap metal
3963:Pop metal
3906:Metalcore
3871:Grindcore
3861:Goregrind
3792:Deathcore
3780:Technical
3755:Blackgaze
3738:Symphonic
3623:Punk zine
3583:DIY ethic
3563:Afro-punk
3457:Trallpunk
3395:Australia
3359:Post-punk
3308:Surf punk
3276:Punk jazz
3227:Nazi punk
3205:Taqwacore
3195:Queercore
3166:Crunkcore
3156:Deathcore
3151:Metalcore
3099:Anti-folk
3094:Folk punk
3004:Glam punk
2980:Punk rock
2922:Punk rock
2882:DIY ethic
2877:Deathcore
2776:Australia
2771:Argentina
2738:Taqwacore
2698:Queercore
2656:Metalcore
2631:Grindcore
2626:Goregrind
2606:Deathcore
2591:Crunkcore
2289:2 January
2267:2 January
2239:2 January
2211:2 January
2183:2 January
2157:3 January
2135:3 January
2107:3 January
2080:3 January
1666:7 October
1080:Grindcore
1054:anarchist
1046:Mad Max 2
986:post-rock
972:Neo crust
958:grindcore
952:Grindcore
942:Discharge
896:Crustcore
842:anarchism
811:Norwegian
735:Sacrilege
548:grindcore
448:post-punk
424:Discharge
391:mysticism
358:grindcore
338:grindcore
305:Discharge
293:Motörhead
265:Discharge
226:punk rock
184:metalcore
133:Crustcore
127:Subgenres
121:Grindcore
4599:nu metal
4589:hyperpop
4501:mathcore
4306:Category
4043:Drumming
3938:Nu metal
3901:Mathcore
3452:Könsrock
3349:New wave
3298:Ska punk
3286:Punk rap
3244:Pop-punk
3178:Mathcore
3077:Egg punk
3043:Art punk
2887:Hardline
2842:New York
2661:Nardcore
2641:Mathcore
2261:Exclaim!
2233:Exclaim!
1813:Exclaim!
1761:Archived
1742:24 March
1732:"Fukpig"
1688:Thrasher
1632:1 August
1608:Archived
1553:Archived
1418:1 August
1333:1 August
1223:(2017).
1064:See also
938:Baptists
934:Neurosis
918:Chaos UK
866:ska punk
829:—
783:Japanese
757:, while
731:Antisect
698:A Coruña
648:, where
642:Dropdead
622:feminism
578:Neurosis
517:Chaos UK
513:Disorder
492:Antisect
480:Antisect
432:Crude SS
309:Antisect
267:and the
55:Antisect
4696:moshing
4506:melodic
4389:melodic
4377:unblack
4258:Fashion
4240:Culture
4101:Vocals
3911:Melodic
3775:Melodic
3743:Unblack
3588:Moshing
3427:Germany
3410:Estonia
3291:Emo rap
3087:Emo rap
3067:Cowpunk
2902:Moshing
2832:Chicago
2713:Skacore
2708:Screamo
2412:Decibel
1904:Berto.
1819:19 July
1694:19 July
1282:19 July
1261:30 June
1153:16 June
1060:views.
1020:Culture
1006:Tragedy
982:screamo
926:Disrupt
850:Marxism
767:Bathory
694:Tragedy
680:scene.
674:Disfear
590:Destroy
582:Disrupt
456:Bauhaus
401:History
387:fascism
342:D-beats
277:Trouble
247:" and "
4584:grunge
4355:Genres
4283:Umlaut
4278:Poseur
4097:Lyrics
4065:Guitar
3876:Grunge
3593:Poseur
3447:Sweden
3432:Greece
3422:France
3405:Canada
3400:Brazil
3339:Grunge
3249:2 Tone
3036:D-beat
2912:Poseur
2822:Boston
2791:Greece
2786:Canada
2781:Brazil
2601:D-beat
2559:Styles
2507:
2486:
2472:
2458:
2444:
2031:10 May
1915:10 May
1886:10 May
1861:10 May
1855:NOISEY
1505:Prefix
1371:
1085:D-beat
785:group
763:Cronos
759:Amebix
753:, and
692:, and
672:, and
555:Nausea
488:Amebix
444:Rattus
440:Mob 47
428:D-beat
420:D-beat
301:Amebix
240:demo.
90:D-beat
4248:Bands
3809:Djent
3442:Spain
3364:Scene
3334:Grebo
2801:Japan
2796:Italy
1963:(PDF)
1034:rheum
946:Filth
848:, or
813:band
747:Venom
684:2000s
604:from
596:1990s
562:squat
470:1980s
416:Crass
330:riffs
273:Venom
261:Crass
253:tempo
249:dirty
245:bassy
222:crust
68:Crust
4031:Bass
2505:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2470:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2442:ISBN
2398:2022
2376:2022
2348:2022
2319:2022
2291:2019
2269:2019
2241:2019
2213:2019
2185:2019
2159:2019
2137:2019
2109:2019
2082:2019
2033:2016
2004:2021
1976:2021
1945:2021
1917:2016
1888:2016
1863:2016
1821:2018
1793:2016
1744:2019
1696:2018
1668:2017
1634:2010
1490:2009
1420:2010
1369:ISBN
1335:2010
1284:2018
1263:2018
1207:help
1155:2008
1056:and
1028:and
1012:and
996:and
964:and
944:and
922:Doom
888:and
872:and
801:and
737:and
652:and
640:and
535:and
529:Doom
490:and
438:and
418:and
393:and
360:and
307:and
291:and
263:and
3525:L–Z
3520:#–K
3232:Oi!
3082:Emo
2907:Oi!
2681:Emo
1041:DIY
572:of
466:.
422:of
414:of
336:or
259:of
4736::
2365:.
2327:^
2308:.
2258:.
2230:.
2202:.
2176:.
2126:.
2090:^
2070:.
2059:^
2049:.
2023:.
2012:^
1995:.
1965:.
1933:.
1908:.
1896:^
1879:.
1853:.
1838:^
1810:.
1784:.
1782:""
1734:.
1685:.
1597:^
1392:^
1367:.
1365:16
1343:^
1306:^
1292:^
1233:^
1198::
1196:}}
1192:{{
1163:^
1109:^
1016:.
1008:,
1004:,
992:,
988:,
984:,
980:,
948:.
940:,
936:,
932:,
928:,
924:,
908:.
892:.
884:,
880:,
844:,
797:,
749:,
733:,
668:,
620:,
608:,
515:,
458:,
454:,
381:,
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364:.
356:,
311:.
299:,
287:,
283:,
279:,
275:,
151:,
147:,
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2400:.
2378:.
2350:.
2321:.
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2271:.
2243:.
2215:.
2187:.
2161:.
2139:.
2111:.
2084:.
2053:.
2035:.
2006:.
1978:.
1947:.
1919:.
1890:.
1865:.
1823:.
1795:.
1746:.
1698:.
1670:.
1636:.
1614:.
1548:"
1492:.
1422:.
1377:.
1337:.
1286:.
1265:.
1227:.
1209:)
1205:(
1157:.
1036:.
31:.
20:)
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