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muscle. Although this procedure can be completed through two different approaches, the internal and the external, the external approach allows the surgeons to obtain a better view of the surgical site during the procedure. The surgeon will begin with an incision on the eyelid. Once the levator has been exposed, the surgeon either folds it or cuts it off before suturing it to the tarsal plate. During this procedure, it is up to the surgeon to decide the height and the contour of the patient's eyelid, with input from the patient.
548:(wasp/bee/snake venom) or botulinum toxin due to the effect of those factors on the CNIII or the sympathetic pathway. Mechanical ptosis can also occur due to scarring tissue restricting the patient's eyelid excursion or weighing down the patient's lid. Another mechanism is the disturbance of the oculomotor nerve causing the levator palpebrae to weaken, resulting in the eyelid drooping. Ptosis can also occur in a patient with brain tumors due to pressure on the third nerve, also known as the sympathetic nerve, on the brainstem.
859:
patient's lid's resting position. The procedure is done with the doctor using the sling to loop the material, then threading it underneath the patient's eyebrows and above the lashes. Once the sling has been tightened, this allows the patient's forehead's muscle to aid in lifting the lid. The sling can be looped in a pentagon or triangle (singular or double) shape. Many slings in the market today include monofilament nylon, silicone rods, polyester, silk, collagen, stainless steel, or polypropylene.
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should be considered. Medical third nerve palsy, contrary to surgical third nerve palsy, usually does not affect the pupil and tends to improve in several weeks slowly. Surgery to correct ptosis due to medical third nerve palsy is normally considered only if the improvement of ptosis and ocular motility are unsatisfactory after half a year. Patients with third nerve palsy tend to have a diminished or absent function of the levator.
925:
males. The average age for mechanical ptosis is 49.41 years in females and 43.30 years in males. The average age for myogenic ptosis is 53.45 for females and 43.30 for males. The average age for neurogenic ptosis is 43.6 years in females and 32.62 years in males. Lastly, the average age for traumatic ptosis is 35.12 years in females and 33.4 years in males. Ptosis was not found to have any overall gender or racial preference.
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experiencing improvement in vision as well as cosmetic results. In a study of patients who were previously treated for ptosis, half required additional surgery within 8 to 10 years of the first surgery. If the ptosis is not related to major health issues (such as cancerous tumors or traumatic injuries), the condition will not shorten the patient's life expectancy.
604:. In this case, the ptosis is due to interruption innervations to the sympathetic, autonomic Muller's muscle rather than the somatic levator palpebrae superioris muscle. The lid position and pupil size are typically affected by this condition, and the ptosis is generally mild, no more than 2 mm. The pupil might be smaller on the affected side. While 4%
395:). It can affect one eye or both eyes and is more common in the elderly, as muscles in the eyelids may begin to deteriorate. Babies may also exhibit ptosis at birth as the result of abnormal development of the levator muscle while the child is in the mother's womb. Congenital ptosis is hereditary in three main forms.
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According to ophthalmology studies done on ptosis patients, occurrence rates are as follows. The average age for females experiencing aponeurotic ptosis is 67.83 years, and the corresponding male average age is 68.19. The average age for congenital ptosis is 12.27 years for females and 8.57 years for
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Despite the gains the patient can obtain from the surgeries, there are risk factors. After the surgery, the patient may experience asymmetrical (uneven) eyelids. If the surgery is not done carefully, the patient may experience dry eyes because the eye is no longer closing fully. The patient may also
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A doctor will first perform a physical exam with questions about the patient's medical history to distinguish whether the condition may be hereditary. A slit lamp exam is performed with a high-intensity light that allows a close look at the patient's eyes. The doctor can also perform a test in which
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Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a systemic condition that usually affects only the lid position and the external eye movement without involving the movement of the pupil. This condition accounts for nearly 45% of myogenic ptosis cases. Most patients develop ptosis due to this disease
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Current studies have indicated that previous methods, such as occlusion therapy and surgery, are considered the most appropriate for treating this condition. Further studies are encouraged to be able to determine the optimal surgical indications. Any discoveries on approaches with dry eye will help
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The levator resection and advancement surgery should only be considered for patients who are experiencing a levator function less than or equal to 5 mm. The levator function measures the distance the eyelid travels, starting with the downgaze movement to the upgaze without moving the frontalis
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by a tumor or aneurysm, it is highly likely to result in an abnormal ipsilateral papillary response and a larger pupil. Surgical third nerve palsy is characterized by a sudden onset of unilateral ptosis and an enlarged or sluggish pupil to the light. In this case, imaging tests such as CTs or MRIs
559:
is a common neurogenic ptosis that could also be classified as neuromuscular ptosis because the site of pathology is at the neuromuscular junction. Studies have shown that up to 70% of myasthenia gravis patients present with ptosis, and 90% of these patients will eventually develop ptosis. In this
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The
Whitnall sling procedure is done with an incision from the levator to the Whitnall ligament. Then the surgeon will suture the Whitnall's ligament connecting it to the superior tarsal edge. This procedure most likely is done if the patients are concerned about cosmetic appearance. The Whitnall
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Aponeurotic and congenital ptosis may require surgical correction if severe enough to interfere with the vision or if appearance is a concern. Treatment depends on the type of ptosis and is usually performed by an ophthalmic plastic surgeon or a reconstructive surgeon specializing in diseases and
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The frontalis sling surgery can only be done if the patient's ptosis condition is due to diseased or stretched-out muscles. The stretching-out of muscle is due to age. The frontalis sling surgery is done to either tighten or shorten the affected muscles, thereby allowing the process to raise the
830:
can compensate for the patient's impeded vision. The reason for delaying the surgery until the patient is at least 4–5 years of age is the necessity of delay for the frontonasal and upper face to complete their complex growth. After this complex growth is complete, the doctors can obtain a more
644:
The ophthalmologist may also measure the degree of the eyelid droop by measuring the marginal reflex distance, which is the distance between the center of the pupil and the edge of the upper lid, as well as the strength and function of the patient's levator muscle. This test entails holding the
901:
If the ptosis is left untreated, patients may experience amblyopia, also known as lazy eye, which can permanently damage the patient's vision. After careful observation and planning from specialists, ptosis can be successfully treated. Treatment like surgery will allow the patient to begin
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due to the altered positioning of the eye. Additionally, ptosis can lead to eye strain and fatigue, potentially exacerbating existing refractive errors such as myopia or hyperopia. Early detection and management of ptosis, often through surgical correction, are essential to minimize these
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Causes of congenital ptosis remain unknown. Ptosis may be caused by damage to the muscle that raises the eyelid, damage to the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion or damage to the oculomotor nerve, which controls the muscle. Such damage could be a sign of an underlying disease such as
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A visual field test may be performed, which assesses the degree to which the ptosis affects the superior vision. Because nerve damage is among the possible causes of ptosis, the ophthalmologist will check the patient's pupil for abnormalities. The doctor will also check muscle function.
543:
Different trauma can cause and induce many different mechanisms. For example, myogenic ptosis results from a direct injury to the levator muscle and/or Müller's muscle. On the other hand, neurogenic ptosis is caused by closed head injuries or traumatically introduced
460:
Acquired ptosis is most commonly caused by aponeurotic ptosis. This can occur because of senescence, dehiscence or disinsertion of the levator aponeurosis. Moreover, chronic inflammation or intraocular surgery can lead to the same effect. Also, wearing
910:
Ptosis can lead to various complications, including refractive errors. When ptosis obstructs the upper field of vision, affected individuals may compensate by tilting their head back or raising their eyebrows, which can result in astigmatism or other
862:
Frontalis sling surgery is considered the most effective surgical treatment for moderate to severe congenital ptosis. Many different materials can be used for the surgery, though it is currently unclear which material has the highest success rate.
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after inflammation or surgery. Mild ptosis may occur with aging. A drooping eyelid can be one of the first signals of a third-nerve palsy resulting from a cerebral aneurysm that is otherwise asymptomatic, a condition known as
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Ptosis caused by oculomotor palsy can be unilateral or bilateral, as the subnucleus to the levator muscle is a shared midline structure in the brainstem. In cases where the palsy is caused by the compression of the
871:
sling procedure is able to provide a better cosmetic result because the procedure is able to keep the
Whitnall's ligament intact. This allows the support of the lacrimal gland and temporal eyelid to be maintained.
453:, mechanical or traumatic cause, and it usually occurs in an isolated manner. However, it may be associated with various other conditions, such as immunological, degenerative or hereditary disorders as well as
1740:
Owji, Naser; Khalili, Mohammad Reza; Bazrafkan, Hamid; Heydari, Mojtaba (3 October 2022). "Long-term outcome of refractive errors in patients with congenital blepharoptosis who have undergone ptosis surgery".
1347:
Warrell, D. A.; Hudson, B. J.; Lalloo, D. G.; Trevett, A. J.; Whitehead, P; Bamler, P. R.; Ranaivoson, M; Wiyono, A; Richie, T. L.; Fryauff, D. J.; O'Shea, M. T.; Richards, A. M.; Theakston, R. D. (1996).
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Through these tests, the ophthalmologist may properly diagnose ptosis and identify its classification, and a determination may be made regarding the course of treatment, which may involve surgery.
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If the condition occurs in a child, the doctor will delay the surgery until the patient is 4 or 5 years old. If the patient is under the recommended age for surgery, the doctor will test if
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experience bleeding after the surgery and infections if the surgical site is not taken care of properly. On rare occasions, the patient will experience a loss in eyelid movement.
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accurate measurement of the conditions. However, surgery will be needed sooner if the patient's vision impediment worsens or proves unresponsive to the occlusion therapy.
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displayed ptosis after surgery to treat wounds inflicted by a large iron rod entering his left cheek, passing behind his left eye, and exiting at the top of his head
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onto the eyelids. Patients with myasthenic ptosis are likely to experience a variation in the drooping of the eyelid at different hours of the day.
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Ptosis caused by trauma can ensue after an eyelid laceration with transection of the upper eyelid elevators or disruption of the neural input.
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or lesions of the lid or orbit. Dysfunctions of the levators may occur as a result of autoimmune antibodies attacking and eliminating the
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instilled in the eyes can confirm the diagnosis of Horner's syndrome, Hydroxyamphetamine eye drops can differentiate the location of the
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resulting from lack of lid support (empty socket or atrophic globe) or a higher lid position on the other side, as in lid retraction.
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case, ptosis can be unilateral or bilateral, and its severity tends to be oscillating during the day, because of factors such as
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Ptosis that is caused by a disease may improve if the disease is treated successfully, although some related diseases, such as
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Ptosis occurs as the result of dysfunction of the muscles that raise the eyelid or their nerve supply (
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1622:"Treatment Controversies, Congenital Ptosis. EyeRounds.org - Ophthalmology - The University of Iowa"
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or drug effect. This particular type of ptosis is distinguished from the others with the help of a
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with ptosis (left image) and dilated, fixed pupils (right image). The teenager was fully conscious
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254:. This condition is sometimes called "lazy eye", but that term normally refers to the condition
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950:, "fall"), and is defined as the "abnormal lowering or prolapse of an organ or body part."
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is injected into a vein, and the eyelids are monitored for resulting signs of improvement.
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for long periods is thought to have a certain impact on the development of the condition.
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286:. The artist has depicted Edward's blepharoptosis, a trait he inherited from his father,
572:. Also specific to myasthenia gravis is the fact that coldness inhibits the activity of
411:(apex of the lung) and diseases that cause weakness in muscles or nerve damage, such as
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Ptosis can be caused by the aponeurosis of the levator muscle, nerve abnormalities,
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Age; eye muscles weaken as they age, increasing the chance of the eyelids drooping.
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480:. Acquired Horner syndrome may result after trauma, neoplastic insult or even
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to measure how far the eyelid travels when the patient is gazing downward.
576:, which makes it possible to differentiate this type of ptosis by applying
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1350:"The emerging syndrome of envenoming by the New Guinea small-eyed snake
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1201:"Lyrica (Pregabalin) – Reports of Side Effects & Adverse Reactions"
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1531:"Types of materials for frontalis sling surgery for congenital ptosis"
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The eyelid may not protect the eye as effectively, allowing it to dry.
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2410:
2387:
2107:
1938:
1501:"What is Frontalis Sling? What are the advantages and disadvantages?"
1227:"Traumatic Ptosis: Evaluation of Etiology, Management, and Prognosis"
1099:
Finsterer, J (2003). "Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management".
752:
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Obstructed vision may necessitate tilting the head backward to speak.
251:
535:, an anticonvulsant drug, has also been known to cause mild ptosis.
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and areola hypopigmentation and anhidrosis caused by paresis of the
472:, in which a mild ptosis may be associated with ipsilateral ptosis,
419:. Exposure to the toxins in some snake venoms, such as that of the
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1995:
1786:"The Epidemiology and Etiology of Ptosis in an Ophthalmic Center"
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Jacobs, Sarah
Mireles; Tyring, Ariel J.; Amadi, Arash J. (2018).
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1872:"Current Ptosis Management: A National Survey of ASOPRS Member"
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44:
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complications and ensure optimal visual health.
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Droopy eyelids can give the face a false appearance of being
294:
Signs and symptoms typically seen in this condition include:
1908:
The AMA Medical Guide, Random House, Inc. New York, 1997 ed.
1074:
878:
Non-surgical modalities like the use of "crutch" glasses or
311:
Sagging upper eyelids can partially block the field of view.
795:), and this is also regarded as a life-threatening symptom.
197:
167:
Ptosis of the left eyelid (unilateral ptosis). A headshot
668:
Depending upon the cause, ptosis may be classified into:
468:
Congenital neurogenic ptosis is believed to be caused by
203:
1423:"Management of Snake bites in South East Asia – Part 2"
1358:
QJM: Monthly
Journal of the Association of Physicians
206:
200:
1916:
999:"Ptosis Of The Eyelid: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments"
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The areas around the eyes may become tired and achy.
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75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1683:"What To Do If You Have Drooping Eyelids (Ptosis)"
320:Eyebrows may be constantly lifted to see properly.
3054:arteritic anterior (AAION or arteritic AION)
490:Other causes of ptosis include eyelid neoplasms,
1790:Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
1458:"Ptosis: Diagnostic Tips & Surgical Options"
847:Frontalis sling operation (preferred option for
705:, ocular myopathy, simple congenital ptosis and
1529:Rosenberg JB, Andersen J, Barmettler A (2019).
3926:Disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit
3614:
2061:
755:. Bilateral ptosis is usually accompanied by
715:, which may be involutional or postoperative.
324:Some of the risk factors for ptosis include:
8:
3128:Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
1855:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1577:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1485:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2456:Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
1231:Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research
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987:(9 ed.). Wiley Blackwell. p. 61.
624:when the eyelids are closed is very poor.
158:
149:
1554:
1369:
1260:
1242:
1144:"Ptosis, convergence disorder and heroin"
763:, and/or progressive muscular paralysis.
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Drooping of the upper eyelid over the eye
1828:"How to Spot and Treat Dangerous Ptosis"
1282:
1280:
983:Mark W. Leitman. "External structures".
886:to support the eyelid may also be used.
250:, is a drooping or falling of the upper
1784:Gonzalez-Esnaurrizar, G. (2008-05-14).
1451:
1449:
1447:
975:
1848:
1570:
1478:
687:and third cranial nerve misdirection.
7:
3707:Congenital lacrimal duct obstruction
2936:Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
1052:
1050:
1048:
934:further the oculoplastic surgeries.
274:Early fourteenth-century manuscript
73:adding citations to reliable sources
3059:non-arteritic anterior (NAION)
2896:Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
1743:Clinical and Experimental Optometry
1654:"Ptosis Information and Symptoms -"
596:, ptosis is usually accompanied by
3632:malformations and deformations of
2931:Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
1826:Philadelphia, Jurij R. Bilyk, MD.
891:oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
849:oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
695:oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
417:oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
298:The eyelid(s) may appear to droop.
25:
2659:Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
1505:American Academy of Ophthalmology
1456:City, Janice Liao, MD, New York.
2764:Central retinal artery occlusion
731:, which is a classic symptom of
685:Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome
441:Ptosis may be attributable to a
305:, uninterested or even sinister.
187:
49:
2769:Branch retinal artery occlusion
2498:Terrien's marginal degeneration
1888:from the original on 2021-08-31
1838:from the original on 2021-04-29
1808:from the original on 2021-04-29
1722:from the original on 2021-04-30
1693:from the original on 2021-08-08
1664:from the original on 2021-05-06
1632:from the original on 2021-03-05
1603:from the original on 2021-04-29
1511:from the original on 2021-04-30
1468:from the original on 2021-04-30
1329:from the original on 2021-04-29
1300:from the original on 2016-03-04
1207:from the original on 2012-12-07
1182:from the original on 2012-03-05
1081:from the original on 2018-03-09
1009:from the original on 2021-04-30
60:needs additional citations for
2799:Bietti's crystalline dystrophy
2759:Central retinal vein occlusion
2488:Pellucid marginal degeneration
1712:"Ptosis, Congenital - EyeWiki"
1547:10.1002/14651858.CD012725.pub2
423:, may also cause this effect.
1:
2852:Vitelliform macular dystrophy
2743:Posterior vitreous detachment
2609:Persistent pupillary membrane
1832:www.reviewofophthalmology.com
1755:10.1080/08164622.2021.1973344
1462:www.reviewofophthalmology.com
834:Surgical procedures include:
364:patient with bilateral total
3921:Congenital disorders of eyes
3339:Leber's congenital amaurosis
3250:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
2941:Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
2926:Persistent fetal vasculature
2857:Leber's congenital amaurosis
389:levator palpebrae superioris
356:Neurotoxic ptosis caused by
171:of an unidentified male, by
2138:Meibomian gland dysfunction
942:Ptosis is derived from the
893:, currently have no cures.
725:or tumors of the upper lid.
511:Ingestion of high doses of
391:and sympathetic nerves for
3942:
2862:Birdshot chorioretinopathy
2836:Central serous retinopathy
2654:Focal choroidal excavation
2527:Corneal neovascularization
2344:Subconjunctival hemorrhage
1593:"Blepharoptosis - EyeWiki"
1535:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
1165:10.5144/0256-4947.2002.369
985:Manual for Eye Examination
29:
3574:
3561:
3329:
3245:Convergence insufficiency
3118:
2987:
2970:
2957:
2886:Primary juvenile glaucoma
2731:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
2373:
2360:
2146:
2102:
2089:
2080:Diseases of the human eye
1427:World Health Organization
1113:10.1007/s00266-003-0127-5
1101:Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
767:ptosis is a precursor to
721:, which is the result of
166:
157:
3809:Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome
2755:Ocular ischemic syndrome
1244:10.4103/jovr.jovr_148_17
1152:Annals of Saudi Medicine
1030:. MEDgle. Archived from
664:Mild right eyelid ptosis
280:King Edward I of England
30:Not to be confused with
3885:Coloboma of optic nerve
3255:One and a half syndrome
3009:Foster Kennedy syndrome
1398:Science Museum (London)
1075:"Eye Ptosis Congenital"
3689:Marcus Gunn phenomenon
3494:Argyll Robertson pupil
2294:Periorbital cellulitis
1879:Original Investigation
1870:Aakalu, Vinay (2011).
1626:webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu
1371:10.1093/qjmed/89.7.523
1003:www.eyeinstitute.co.nz
960:Apraxia of lid opening
884:scleral contact lenses
814:
783:. It is, therefore, a
677:oculomotor nerve palsy
665:
501:oculomotor nerve palsy
478:superior tarsal muscle
393:superior tarsal muscle
380:
369:
291:
3467:Scintillating scotoma
3133:Kearns–Sayre syndrome
3076:Toxic and nutritional
3049:posterior (PION)
2532:Kayser–Fleischer ring
813:has a left eye ptosis
808:
663:
375:
355:
340:Neurological disorder
273:
153:Ptosis of the eyelids
3240:Conjugate gaze palsy
3111:Paralytic strabismus
3044:anterior (AION)
2826:Retinitis pigmentosa
2821:Macular degeneration
2594:Intermediate uveitis
2510:Keratoconjunctivitis
84:"Ptosis" eyelid
69:improve this article
3545:Childhood blindness
3524:Parinaud's syndrome
3094:Extraocular muscles
2882:Ocular hypertension
2846:Epiretinal membrane
2831:Retinal haemorrhage
2686:Congenital cataract
1352:Micropechis ikaheka
1319:"Diagnosing Ptosis"
1028:"Congenital Ptosis"
929:Research directions
775:caused by complete
769:respiratory failure
3699:Lacrimal apparatus
3071:Leber's hereditary
2738:Retinal detachment
2691:Childhood cataract
2503:Post-LASIK ectasia
2284:Orbital cellulitis
2233:Lacrimal apparatus
2006:External resources
1394:"Nature's poisons"
815:
781:thoracic diaphragm
713:Aponeurotic ptosis
703:myotonic dystrophy
666:
531:can cause ptosis.
381:
370:
292:
284:Eleanor of Castile
266:Signs and symptoms
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3715:
3714:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3499:Marcus Gunn pupil
3475:
3474:
3396:Visual impairment
3263:
3262:
3169:
3168:
3156:Fourth-nerve (IV)
3084:
3083:
3021:Optic disc drusen
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2667:
2666:
2555:
2554:
2461:Corneal dystrophy
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2227:
2226:
2043:
2042:
913:refractive errors
838:Levator resection
828:occlusion therapy
823:eyelid problems.
785:medical emergency
729:Neurotoxic ptosis
719:Mechanical ptosis
699:myasthenia gravis
693:, which includes
681:Horner's syndrome
675:, which includes
673:Neurogenic ptosis
594:Horner's syndrome
557:Myasthenia gravis
470:Horner's syndrome
413:myasthenia gravis
401:diabetes mellitus
334:History of stroke
241:
240:
147:Medical condition
145:
144:
137:
119:
16:(Redirected from
3933:
3801:Anterior segment
3726:
3679:Blepharophimosis
3647:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3600:
3563:
3327:
3318:Vision disorders
3277:Refractive error
3219:Brown's syndrome
3175:Other strabismus
3161:Sixth-nerve (VI)
3151:Oculomotor (III)
3123:Ophthalmoparesis
3116:
3107:
3098:Binocular vision
3031:Optic neuropathy
2997:optic papillitis
2985:
2972:
2959:
2848:(Macular pucker)
2566:
2547:Band keratopathy
2384:
2375:
2362:
2289:Orbital lymphoma
2176:Blepharophimosis
2166:Blepharochalasis
2113:
2104:
2091:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2047:
1918:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1876:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1687:All About Vision
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1568:
1558:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1429:. Archived from
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1400:. Archived from
1390:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1246:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1148:
1142:Iqbal N (2002).
1139:
1133:
1132:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1071:
1065:
1054:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
995:
989:
988:
980:
965:Blepharophimosis
809:Hollywood actor
707:blepharophimosis
647:frontalis muscle
482:vascular disease
436:neurotransmitter
385:oculomotor nerve
360:: a 14-year-old
246:, also known as
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
162:
150:
140:
133:
129:
126:
120:
118:
77:
53:
45:
36:ptosis (breasts)
21:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3900:
3864:
3846:
3813:
3795:
3777:
3754:
3744:Cryptophthalmos
3711:
3693:
3636:
3627:
3597:
3588:
3570:
3549:
3528:
3471:
3440:
3400:
3354:Color blindness
3320:
3312:
3259:
3233:Other binocular
3228:
3165:
3137:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3080:
3025:
2978:
2966:
2945:
2901:Ocular hypotony
2866:
2726:Chorioretinitis
2707:
2663:
2647:Chorioretinitis
2623:
2604:Rubeosis iridis
2582:
2551:
2522:Corneal opacity
2478:Corneal ectasia
2405:
2369:
2348:
2334:Pseudopterygium
2298:
2260:
2223:
2190:
2186:Ankyloblepharon
2142:
2098:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2001:
2000:
1929:
1915:
1905:
1903:Further reading
1900:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1809:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1723:
1716:eyewiki.aao.org
1710:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1694:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1633:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1604:
1597:eyewiki.aao.org
1591:
1590:
1586:
1569:
1541:(4): CD012725.
1528:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1455:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1407:
1405:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1208:
1203:. DrugLib.com.
1199:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1159:(5–6): 369–71.
1146:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1010:
997:
996:
992:
982:
981:
977:
973:
956:
940:
931:
922:
908:
899:
880:ptosis crutches
820:
811:Forest Whitaker
793:botulinum toxin
739:snakes such as
691:Myogenic ptosis
658:
630:
592:When caused by
554:
541:
509:
457:or infections.
366:ophthalmoplegia
358:botulinum toxin
350:
268:
217:
190:
186:
148:
141:
130:
124:
121:
78:
76:
66:
54:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3939:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3896:Norrie disease
3893:
3891:Hydrophthalmos
3888:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3842:Cornea plana 2
3839:
3837:Cornea plana 1
3834:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3768:Ectopia lentis
3764:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3750:Microphthalmia
3747:
3740:Cystic eyeball
3732:
3730:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3584:Onchocerciasis
3581:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3436:Quadrantanopia
3433:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3410:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3381:Oguchi disease
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3224:Duane syndrome
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3194:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3104:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2992:Optic neuritis
2988:
2982:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:Phthisis bulbi
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2804:Coats' disease
2801:
2796:
2794:of prematurity
2791:
2786:
2781:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2703:Ectopia lentis
2700:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2677:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2561:Vascular tunic
2557:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2444:Photokeratitis
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2381:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2317:Conjunctivitis
2314:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2251:Dacryocystitis
2248:
2243:
2241:Dacryoadenitis
2237:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2110:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2022:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1976:
1965:
1950:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:Classification
1914:
1913:External links
1911:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1862:
1818:
1776:
1749:(7): 715–720.
1732:
1703:
1674:
1642:
1613:
1584:
1521:
1507:. 2012-04-12.
1492:
1443:
1414:
1385:
1339:
1323:nyulangone.org
1310:
1276:
1237:(4): 447–452.
1217:
1192:
1134:
1107:(3): 193–204.
1091:
1066:
1044:
1019:
990:
974:
972:
969:
968:
967:
962:
955:
952:
939:
936:
930:
927:
921:
918:
907:
904:
898:
895:
856:
855:
854:Whitnall sling
852:
845:
839:
819:
816:
803:
802:
796:
726:
716:
710:
688:
657:
656:Classification
654:
629:
626:
574:cholinesterase
553:
550:
540:
537:
515:drugs such as
508:
505:
463:contact lenses
409:pancoast tumor
349:
346:
345:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
322:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
299:
288:King Henry III
267:
264:
248:blepharoptosis
239:
238:
225:
219:
218:
216:
215:
183:
181:
177:
176:
164:
163:
155:
154:
146:
143:
142:
57:
55:
48:
26:
24:
18:Blepharoptosis
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3938:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3860:Megalopapilla
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:Adie syndrome
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:Achromatopsia
3357:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:Anisometropia
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Accommodation
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Optic atrophy
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:Keratomycosis
2914:
2912:
2911:Globe rupture
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:Macular edema
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2750:Retinoschisis
2748:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Choroideremia
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:Iridodialysis
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:Arcus senilis
2540:
2538:
2537:Haab's striae
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Corneal ulcer
2449:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2429:acanthamoebic
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:Fibrous tunic
2376:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2256:Xerophthalmia
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Lagophthalmos
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1733:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1522:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1433:on 2012-04-07
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1404:on 2008-12-30
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1364:(7): 523–30.
1363:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1343:
1340:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1034:on 2016-01-05
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1008:
1004:
1000:
994:
991:
986:
979:
976:
970:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
953:
951:
949:
946:word πτῶσις (
945:
937:
935:
928:
926:
919:
917:
914:
906:Complications
905:
903:
896:
894:
892:
887:
885:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
853:
850:
846:
843:
842:Müller muscle
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
829:
824:
817:
812:
807:
800:
797:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:and eventual
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
727:
724:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
689:
686:
682:
678:
674:
671:
670:
669:
662:
655:
653:
650:
648:
642:
638:
636:
627:
625:
623:
619:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
587:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:Tensilon test
563:
558:
551:
549:
547:
538:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
506:
504:
502:
497:
496:cicatrization
493:
492:neurofibromas
488:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
396:
394:
390:
386:
378:
374:
367:
363:
359:
354:
347:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
326:
325:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
300:
297:
296:
295:
289:
285:
282:and his wife
281:
277:
272:
265:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
237:
233:
229:
228:Ophthalmology
226:
224:
220:
211:
185:
184:
182:
180:Pronunciation
178:
174:
170:
169:daguerreotype
165:
161:
156:
151:
139:
136:
128:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86: –
85:
81:
80:Find sources:
74:
70:
64:
63:
58:This article
56:
52:
47:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3832:Megalocornea
3827:Keratoglobus
3736:Anophthalmia
3658:
3394: /
3390: /
3369:Monochromacy
3301: /
3197:Heterophoria
3185: /
2884: /
2880: /
2784:hypertensive
2757: /
2578:Ciliary body
2493:Keratoglobus
2401:Episcleritis
2279:Enophthalmos
2274:Exophthalmos
2219:Trichomegaly
2214:Distichiasis
2170:
2116:Inflammation
2024:
2013:
1989:
1978:
1967:
1952:
1933:
1890:. Retrieved
1878:
1865:
1840:. Retrieved
1831:
1821:
1810:. Retrieved
1793:
1789:
1779:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1724:. Retrieved
1715:
1706:
1695:. Retrieved
1686:
1677:
1666:. Retrieved
1657:
1634:. Retrieved
1625:
1616:
1605:. Retrieved
1596:
1587:
1573:cite journal
1538:
1534:
1524:
1513:. Retrieved
1504:
1495:
1470:. Retrieved
1461:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1417:
1406:. Retrieved
1402:the original
1388:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1322:
1313:
1302:. Retrieved
1234:
1230:
1220:
1209:. Retrieved
1195:
1184:. Retrieved
1156:
1150:
1137:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1083:. Retrieved
1069:
1058:Adult Ptosis
1056:
1036:. Retrieved
1032:the original
1022:
1011:. Retrieved
1002:
993:
984:
978:
947:
941:
932:
923:
920:Epidemiology
909:
900:
888:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
833:
825:
821:
799:Pseudoptosis
798:
733:envenomation
728:
718:
712:
690:
672:
667:
651:
643:
639:
631:
614:
591:
582:
555:
542:
510:
489:
486:
467:
459:
440:
432:inflammation
425:
397:
382:
377:Phineas Gage
323:
293:
247:
243:
242:
173:William Bell
131:
125:October 2008
122:
112:
105:
98:
91:
79:
67:Please help
62:verification
59:
3876:Buphthalmos
3519:Cycloplegia
3462:Photophobia
3457:Hemeralopia
3414:Hemianopsia
3392:Vision loss
3303:Aniseikonia
3294:Astigmatism
3214:Cyclotropia
3192:Hypertropia
3004:Papilledema
2976:Optic nerve
2809:Sickle cell
2789:Purtscher's
2774:Retinopathy
2642:Choroiditis
2483:Keratoconus
2304:Conjunctiva
2181:Xanthelasma
2133:Blepharitis
2015:MedlinePlus
1796:(13): 640.
1658:2020aec.com
882:or special
791:(caused by
773:suffocation
635:edrophonium
570:blood tests
529:hydrocodone
451:aponeurotic
421:black mamba
405:brain tumor
260:astigmatism
3915:Categories
3729:Entire eye
3684:Ablepharon
3630:Congenital
3568:Infections
3489:Anisocoria
3452:Asthenopia
3445:subjective
3429:homonymous
3424:bitemporal
3376:Nyctalopia
3364:Dichromacy
3308:Presbyopia
3269:Refraction
3090:Strabismus
2980:Optic disc
2339:Pinguecula
2204:Trichiasis
1980:DiseasesDB
1892:2019-12-14
1842:2019-12-08
1812:2019-12-14
1726:2019-12-09
1697:2019-12-09
1668:2019-12-09
1636:2019-12-09
1607:2019-12-09
1515:2019-12-09
1472:2019-12-09
1437:2008-10-12
1408:2008-10-21
1333:2019-12-09
1304:2010-06-14
1211:2010-07-12
1186:2010-07-11
1085:2010-06-14
1038:2008-10-20
1013:2019-12-09
971:References
765:Neurotoxic
602:anhidrosis
546:neurotoxin
533:Pregabalin
447:neurogenic
95:newspapers
3674:Distichia
3669:Entropion
3664:Ectropion
3540:Nystagmus
3514:Mydriasis
3388:Blindness
3334:Amblyopia
3322:Blindness
3282:Hyperopia
3207:Exophoria
3202:Esophoria
3187:Exotropia
3183:Esotropia
2721:Retinitis
2419:Keratitis
2396:Scleritis
2329:Pterygium
2209:Madarosis
2156:Ectropion
2151:Entropion
2128:Chalazion
2026:eMedicine
1991:SNOMED CT
1802:1552-5783
1771:237573319
1253:2008-2010
1063:eMedicine
938:Etymology
897:Prognosis
844:resection
818:Treatment
777:paralysis
761:dysphagia
709:syndrome.
628:Diagnosis
618:adulthood
616:in their
552:Pathology
539:Mechanism
521:oxycodone
328:Eye tumor
256:amblyopia
236:neurology
232:optometry
223:Specialty
40:apoptosis
32:proptosis
3881:Coloboma
3791:Aniridia
3579:Trachoma
3344:Diplopia
3039:Ischemic
2964:Pathways
2878:Glaucoma
2779:diabetic
2681:Cataract
2619:Synechia
2471:Meesmann
2439:Exposure
2424:herpetic
2322:allergic
2312:Chemosis
2246:Epiphora
1996:11934000
1883:Archived
1851:cite web
1836:Archived
1806:Archived
1763:34538220
1720:Archived
1691:Archived
1662:Archived
1630:Archived
1601:Archived
1565:31013353
1509:Archived
1481:cite web
1466:Archived
1327:Archived
1295:Archived
1288:"Ptosis"
1271:30479715
1205:Archived
1177:Archived
1173:17146268
1129:12774266
1121:12925861
1079:Archived
1007:Archived
954:See also
789:botulism
757:diplopia
517:morphine
443:myogenic
362:botulism
331:Diabetes
303:fatigued
278:showing
175:in 1852.
3773:Aphakia
3419:binasal
3406:Anopsia
3349:Scotoma
3143:palsies
2906:Red eye
2891:Floater
2698:Aphakia
2629:Choroid
2599:Hyphema
2589:Uveitis
2196:Eyelash
2034:oph/345
2031:oph/201
1974:D001763
1556:6478334
1380:8759493
1262:6210876
779:of the
753:taipans
622:eyeball
606:cocaine
562:fatigue
276:initial
109:scholar
3852:Retina
3819:Cornea
3659:Ptosis
3651:Eyelid
3642:Adnexa
3509:Miosis
3287:Myopia
3066:Kjer's
2814:photic
2713:Retina
2466:Fuchs'
2434:fungal
2411:Cornea
2388:Sclera
2171:Ptosis
2108:Eyelid
2096:Adnexa
2020:001018
1800:
1769:
1761:
1563:
1553:
1378:
1269:
1259:
1251:
1171:
1127:
1119:
948:ptōsis
749:mambas
745:kraits
741:cobras
737:elapid
610:lesion
598:miosis
525:heroin
513:opioid
455:tumors
428:trauma
348:Causes
337:Cancer
252:eyelid
244:Ptosis
214:
111:
104:
97:
90:
82:
3869:Other
3721:Globe
3533:Other
3481:Pupil
2871:Other
2515:sicca
2367:Globe
2266:Orbit
1985:25466
1963:374.3
1948:Q10.0
1944:H02.4
1886:(PDF)
1875:(PDF)
1767:S2CID
1298:(PDF)
1291:(PDF)
1180:(PDF)
1147:(PDF)
1125:S2CID
944:Greek
723:edema
586:nerve
507:Drugs
116:JSTOR
102:books
38:, or
3783:Iris
3760:Lens
3634:eyes
2673:Lens
2573:Iris
2123:Stye
1969:MeSH
1958:9-CM
1857:link
1798:ISSN
1759:PMID
1579:link
1561:PMID
1539:2019
1487:link
1376:PMID
1267:PMID
1249:ISSN
1169:PMID
1117:PMID
751:and
600:and
568:and
474:iris
407:, a
403:, a
387:for
88:news
1954:ICD
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