411:) are often considered vulnerable to overfishing because they are long-lived, slow-growing, late to mature and produce few young, which, coupled with their generally large size, morphology, and aggregate-ing nature, renders them susceptible to capture in many fisheries. With this, growing patterns and age of maturation phases are impacted. While most exploited commercial fish’s population decreases, the aggregated landings of rays, although variable, have remained relatively stable over the past 60 years. However, human impact still effects the blond ray. These rays tend to be sought after for hunting usage. Along with being a trophy fish, they are also fished for food and are a popular dish in the UK. Due to them being commonly found in shallower water, it is easier for them to be caught. As a results, juveniles can be fished before they have had a chance to breed.
332:
391:
and adult resting. In males, claspers are the rays’ pelvic fins and are located on the inner margin of the pelvic fins. They are used to transport sperm into the female ray. As male rays age and go into different maturity levels, their claspers along with reproductive organs; like the testes; develop further until they hit the maturity phase of adult running. Average lifespan for a blonde ray average around 15 years. For female rays, we see the maturity of the ovaries. Like development in males with the claspers, the ovaries of the female will develop as the ray gets older and will stop maturing once the ray finishes laying eggs and reaches adulting resting phase where egg production decreases. Many
75:
283:
50:
275:
992:
31:
295:
The Blonde ray lives in the
Eastern Atlantic Ocean, at depths of 10–380 m. It is found occasionally in the Mediterranean Sea as well. Blonde rays look like what you would expect from their name. Light brown with a few creamy-white blotches and dense dark spots which extend up to the very edge of the
390:
The blonde ray matures in stages. These stages for males include juvenile, adolescent, adult mature and adult running. For females, the stages are different due to female rays laying eggs. The maturity phases for female rays include juvenile, adolescent, adult developing, adult mature, adult laying
427:
are found to affect Blonde Rays. Leucitic disorder tend to cause the blonde ray to go from their normal brownish appearance with darker spots to white with black spots and tend to be smaller than normal. In
Albinism, we see a predominately white dorsal side with little to no spots and eye color
327:
Blonde rays are considered bottom dwelling species that like more sandy and muddy areas. As with many elasmobranch species, shallower coastal waters are used as nursery areas leading to a greater number of rays found near shore being juveniles.
945:
Gibson, C; Valenti, S.V; Fowler, S.L; Fordham, S.V (2006). "The
Conservation Status of Northeast Atlantic Chondrichthyans; Report of the IUCN Shark Specialist Group Northeast Atlantic Regional Red List Workshop".
378:. Blonde rays reaches sexual maturity at 85–92 cm in length, which corresponds to ~8–10 years of age. The females tend to lay their eggs during the months of February and August and will lay a
966:
683:
Farias, I; Figueiredo, I; Serra-Pereira, B; Bordalo-Machado, P; Moura, T; Serrano Gordo, L (2005). "Diet comparison of four ray species caught along the
Portuguese continental coast".
747:"Sensitive skates or resilient rays? Spatial and temporal shifts in ray species composition in the central and north-western North Sea between 1930 and the present day"
639:
1299:
1193:
316:
words meaning "short tail").They are found anywhere from the western isles of
Scotland to Morocco and can be found in the northern and western Mediterranean.
331:
1329:
1324:
1128:
1154:
1314:
442:
395:
tend to be around 92 cm in length at maturity and around the age of 10. Egg/year tend to be around 40-90 at this maturity age and length.
1219:
437:
832:"UK Fisheries for Skates (Rajidae): History and Devel- opment of the Fishery, Recent Management Actions and Survi- vorship of Discards"
1309:
1102:
461:
Ellis, J.; Ungaro, N.; Serena, F.; Dulvy, N.K.; Tinti, F.; Bertozzi, M.; Pasolini, P.; Mancusi, C.; Noarbartolo di Sciara, G. (2009).
664:
615:
891:
Fahy, E (1989). "Fisheries for Ray (Batoidei) in western statisti- cal area VIIa, investigated through the commercial catches I".
1258:
522:
1334:
786:
1319:
1159:
1180:
698:
Gallagher, M. J; C.P, Nolan; F, Jeal (2005). "Age, Growth and
Maturity of the Commercial Ray Species from the Irish Sea".
654:
1076:
800:
403:
Blonde rays are currently fished for human consumption, with a record weight of 37 lb (17 kg) recorded in
1198:
967:"Albinism and leucism in Blonde Rays (Raja brachyura Lafont, 1871) (Elasmobranchii: Batoidea) from the Irish Sea"
906:
Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Metcalfe, Julian D.; Glanville, Jamie; Pawson, Mike G.; Reynolds, John D. (February 2000).
428:
change. No physical damages or disease was shown to be increased in Blonde Rays with these genetic disorders.
1276:
544:
74:
1016:
1081:
189:
1250:
1304:
1263:
1063:
510:
789:. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 26 June 1978 – via Google Books.
1054:
996:
485:
39:
607:
Key to the fishes of northern Europe : a guide to the identification of more than 350 species
592:
831:
633:
211:
69:
1232:
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Quigley, Declan T. G.; Carlos, Alejandro de; Barros-Garcia, David; MacGabhann, Declan (2018).
927:
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282:
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54:
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are a common prey in the rays diet. Both juvenile and adult rays feed on indiscriminate
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126:
116:
1002:
907:
1293:
1167:
923:
471:
462:
379:
313:
59:
656:
Field
Identification Guide to the Sharks and Rays of the Mediterranean and Black Sea
1094:
908:"Fishery Stability, Local Extinctions, and Shifts in Community Structure in Skates"
408:
305:
274:
156:
893:
Department of Maine, Dublin. Irish Fish. Investigations, See. B (Marine), 34: 14p
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86:
763:
344:
The diet of a blond ray consist of cephalopods, small bony fish and shrimp
1115:
1033:
424:
304:
Like all rays, the blonde ray has a flattened body with broad, wing-like
136:
106:
1211:
1271:
1133:
1120:
420:
268:
1146:
853:
30:
869:
830:
Ellis, J.R; Silva, J.F; McCully, S.R; Evans, M; Catchpole, T (2010).
605:
352:
308:. The body is kite-shaped with a short tail (hence the specific name
96:
1010:
1245:
356:
330:
281:
273:
1224:
404:
375:
1014:
593:
https://ciesm.org/marine/programs/skatesandrays/raja-brachyura/
335:
Blonde Ray in wild, swimming near the bottom of shallow water
854:"Disappearance of common skate Raia batis from Irish Sea"
286:
Scientist releasing a tagged blonde ray during fieldwork
591:). October 2022. Mendez L., Bacquet A. and F. Briand.
545:"Report of the Provincial Museum of Natural History"
543:
Museum, British
Columbia Provincial (26 June 1953).
1023:
971:
685:ICES CM 2005 / N:28 Elasmobranch Fisheries Science
740:
738:
486:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T161691A5481210.en
700:Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science
678:
676:
8:
638:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
319:Maximum length is 120 cm (47 in).
1011:
48:
29:
20:
762:
484:
587:Guide of Mediterranean Skates and Rays (
505:
503:
453:
278:1873 sketch by the describer, A. Lafont
631:
1300:IUCN Red List near threatened species
7:
1277:2C52DDAC-3ECA-4048-9D57-DC353C2D8F66
1251:1E3E348C-91B9-1922-0DAF-D2C39C5ADB6E
472:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
653:Serena, Fabrizio (26 June 2005).
990:
924:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98540.x
523:World Register of Marine Species
73:
1330:Near threatened biota of Europe
1325:Near threatened biota of Africa
948:IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group
811:. Irish Specimen Fish Committee
374:, with embryos feeding only on
751:ICES Journal of Marine Science
659:. Food & Agriculture Org.
1:
1315:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
443:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
16:Species of cartilaginous fish
604:C., Wheeler, Alwyne (1978).
407:, Ireland in 2008. Skates (
1351:
852:Brander, K. (March 1981).
438:Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
1310:Fish of the East Atlantic
787:"Sport Fishery Abstracts"
669:– via Google Books.
547:– via Google Books.
217:
210:
195:
188:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
745:Walker, P (June 1998).
419:Genetic disorders like
382:of around 40-140 eggs.
1335:Fish described in 1871
764:10.1006/jmsc.1997.0325
336:
296:disc and on the tail
287:
279:
1320:Fish of the North Sea
479:: e.T161691A5481210.
334:
285:
277:
912:Conservation Biology
718:"Great Eggcase Hunt"
568:shark-references.com
1003:Fishbase Database:
558:Lafont, A. (1873).
40:Conservation status
337:
288:
280:
263:) is a species of
1287:
1286:
1233:Open Tree of Life
1017:Taxon identifiers
977:– via JOUR.
415:Genetic Disorders
247:
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181:R. brachyura
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905:
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864:(5801): 48–49.
851:
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809:specimenfish.ie
801:"Ray – Blonde (
799:
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348:Crangon crangon
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55:Near Threatened
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1005:Raja brachyura
1000:
999:at Wikispecies
997:Raja brachyura
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985:External links
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918:(1): 283–293.
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803:Raja brachyura
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314:Ancient Greek
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393:R. brachyura
392:
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291:Distribution
259:
258:
255:blonde skate
254:
250:
248:
236:
232:Lafont, 1871
228:
220:
205:Lafont, 1871
198:
196:
180:
179:
167:
133:Superorder:
18:
1305:Raja (fish)
1142:iNaturalist
1049:Wikispecies
492:20 November
380:clutch size
361:crustaceans
300:Description
237:Raja blanda
221:Raia blanda
24:Blonde ray
1294:Categories
449:References
367:Life cycle
251:blonde ray
240:Holt, 1894
224:Holt, 1894
147:Rajiformes
123:Subclass:
932:0888-8892
878:0028-0836
773:1054-3139
634:cite book
626:803026975
610:. Warne.
399:Human use
372:Oviparous
310:brachyura
175:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1116:FishBase
1034:Wikidata
706:: 47–66.
432:See also
425:Albinism
421:Leucitic
265:ray fish
212:Synonyms
153:Family:
137:Batoidea
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1272:ZooBank
1134:5216059
1040:Q383819
815:26 June
573:26 June
528:26 June
409:Rajidae
353:shrimps
323:Habitat
312:, from
269:Rajidae
163:Genus:
157:Rajidae
143:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1264:367297
1238:607396
1225:367297
1199:223862
1173:161691
1160:160880
1147:111518
1108:125096
930:
876:
858:Nature
771:
663:
624:
614:
357:prawns
1259:WoRMS
1246:Plazi
1103:EUNIS
1095:6WRN6
1082:52066
954:: 76.
841:: 38.
835:(PDF)
727:7 May
519:WoRMS
1220:OBIS
1212:2193
1194:NCBI
1168:IUCN
1155:ITIS
1129:GBIF
1121:4552
1077:BOLD
928:ISSN
874:ISSN
839:ICES
817:2021
769:ISSN
729:2023
661:ISBN
640:link
622:OCLC
612:ISBN
575:2021
530:2021
494:2021
477:2009
423:and
405:Cobh
376:yolk
359:and
340:Diet
249:The
168:Raja
1181:NBN
1090:CoL
1064:ADW
920:doi
866:doi
862:290
759:doi
481:doi
253:or
1296::
1274::
1261::
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975:38
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860:.
856:.
837:.
807:.
805:)"
767:.
755:55
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749:.
737:^
720:.
704:35
702:.
675:^
636:}}
632:{{
620:.
566:.
521:.
517:.
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