36:
623:
685:
521:
652:
448:
366:
401:
474:
719:
550:
423:
63:
1618:
764:
575:
600:
499:
272:
to remote islands. Determining which types are species and which are subspecies of what larger species is problematic; various recent authorities have recognized from 8 to 14 species and have placed them in a variety of genera. The common names are even more confusing, "like myriad footprints
622:
35:
249:
taxa. Many have a blue, purple or red ring around the eye (not a blue iris); other shared features are white underparts (at least in some individuals) and pink feet.
1831:
1749:
1775:
1010:
684:
1736:
1762:
520:
911:
901:
814:
835:"Excusion dans les divers Musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique, et tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des échassiers (suite)"
317:
988:
1003:
651:
1767:
365:
866:
Catalogue of the
Plataleae, Herodiones, Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae and Impennes in the collection of the British Museum
860:
590:
298:
447:
1710:
1684:
167:
1780:
1617:
273:
criss-crossing in the snow and about as easy to disentangle." Only one common name is given for most species here.
62:
996:
962:
754:
400:
869:. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Vol. 26. London: Trustees of the British Museum. p. 331.
642:
830:
286:
141:
473:
549:
1637:
856:
718:
705:
324:
1715:
1798:
458:
1575:
1790:
1702:
671:
1826:
889:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 164.
701:
253:
1267:
1595:
1491:
1118:
1108:
633:
188:
57:
1803:
1501:
1243:
1178:
1558:
1531:
1335:
1301:
1189:
422:
1754:
1723:
1231:
944:
907:
810:
749:
734:
238:
1541:
1511:
936:
779:
565:
411:
294:
161:
1675:
1318:
763:
709:
489:
574:
1585:
774:
729:
695:
540:
536:
438:
1820:
1366:
1308:
675:
667:
638:
610:
585:
560:
306:
257:
927:
Kennedy, M.; Spencer, H.G. (2014). "Classification of the cormorants of the world".
884:
1728:
1548:
1521:
1440:
1433:
1375:
1352:
1325:
1220:
864:
834:
531:
484:
332:
290:
150:
1689:
1669:
1602:
1447:
1389:
1291:
1168:
1020:
940:
662:
464:
433:
337:
265:
1660:
966:
599:
1426:
1417:
1274:
1257:
1201:
1148:
1129:
1084:
1069:
1063:
880:
509:
261:
114:
1481:
1403:
1284:
1158:
1028:
383:
376:
246:
124:
74:
948:
1654:
1565:
1382:
1051:
269:
94:
498:
1741:
1697:
1469:
1454:
1250:
1210:
1138:
1032:
387:
1396:
1045:
84:
1631:
839:
Comptes Rendus
Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences
1342:
1057:
1024:
391:
234:
416:
The western coast of South
America (Extirpated from Argentina).
104:
1635:
1082:
992:
809:. Oxford University Press, U.S.A. pp. 476–511, Plate 8.
807:
Pelicans, Cormorants, and Their
Relatives: The Pelecaniformes
241:. Several species within the genus are collectively known as
341:; the genera split between 6.7 - 8.0 million years ago.
1591:
1581:
1571:
1554:
1537:
1527:
1517:
1507:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1414:
1363:
1348:
1331:
1314:
1297:
1280:
1263:
1239:
1216:
1184:
1174:
1164:
1154:
1144:
1114:
1104:
1644:
1468:
1413:
1362:
1230:
1200:
1128:
1095:
967:"Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans, boobies, cormorants"
285:was introduced in 1856 by the French naturalist
252:They are found around the colder parts of the
1004:
8:
903:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1632:
1410:
1092:
1079:
1011:
997:
989:
20:
906:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 223.
800:
798:
346:
335:to the American cormorants in the genus
794:
1832:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte
973:. International Ornithologists' Union
929:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
883:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
245:. This is a group of closely related
7:
1791:1481ca95-837c-45c8-bf23-3b481a4898d1
312:meaning "white" with the genus name
327:study published in 2014 found that
14:
1616:
886:Check-List of Birds of the World
762:
717:
683:
650:
621:
598:
573:
548:
519:
497:
472:
446:
421:
399:
364:
61:
34:
965:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
344:The genus contains 16 species:
293:but this was designated as the
616:Southern Chile and Argentina.
514:Eastern coast of New Zealand.
1:
971:World Bird List Version 9.1
941:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.020
461:, rough-faced shag or kawau
318:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
256:, especially near southern
1848:
900:Jobling, James A. (2010).
755:Heard and McDonald Islands
691:Leucocarbo bransfieldensis
1614:
1091:
1078:
1040:
831:Bonaparte, Charles Lucien
805:Nelson, J. Bryan (2006).
194:
187:
180:
175:
156:
149:
58:Scientific classification
56:
47:
28:
23:
1035:and their extinct allies
407:Leucocarbo bougainvillii
287:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
51:Phalacrocorax georgianus
770:Leucocarbo purpurascens
454:Leucocarbo carunculatus
379:or Magellanic cormorant
372:Leucocarbo magellanicus
289:. He did not specify a
237:of birds in the family
706:South Shetland Islands
658:Leucocarbo melanogenis
505:Leucocarbo chalconotus
325:molecular phylogenetic
1799:Paleobiology Database
725:Leucocarbo verrucosus
629:Leucocarbo georgianus
459:New Zealand king shag
299:William Ogilvie-Grant
672:Prince Edward Island
581:Leucocarbo campbelli
429:Leucocarbo ranfurlyi
861:Ogilvie-Grant, W.R.
702:Antarctic Peninsula
606:Leucocarbo atriceps
556:Leucocarbo colensoi
527:Leucocarbo stewarti
254:Southern Hemisphere
219:Siegel-Causey, 1988
158:Carbo bougainvillii
745:Leucocarbo nivalis
634:South Georgia shag
480:Leucocarbo onslowi
301:in 1898. The name
48:South Georgia shag
1814:
1813:
1638:Taxon identifiers
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1611:
1464:
1463:
1232:Phalacrocoracidae
913:978-1-4081-2501-4
816:978-0-19-857727-0
786:
785:
750:Heard Island shag
735:Kerguelen Islands
613:or blue-eyed shag
239:Phalacrocoracidae
226:
225:
220:
213:
206:
145:
125:Phalacrocoracidae
1839:
1807:
1806:
1794:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1771:
1770:
1758:
1757:
1745:
1744:
1732:
1731:
1719:
1718:
1706:
1705:
1703:59F00C30CB688D88
1693:
1692:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1633:
1620:
1593:
1583:
1576:Prophalacrocorax
1573:
1556:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1499:
1489:
1479:
1416:
1411:
1365:
1350:
1333:
1316:
1299:
1282:
1265:
1241:
1218:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1146:
1116:
1106:
1093:
1080:
1013:
1006:
999:
990:
983:
982:
980:
978:
959:
953:
952:
924:
918:
917:
897:
891:
890:
877:
871:
870:
853:
847:
846:
827:
821:
820:
802:
780:Macquarie Island
766:
721:
687:
654:
625:
602:
577:
566:Auckland Islands
552:
523:
501:
476:
450:
425:
412:Guanay cormorant
403:
368:
347:
295:guanay cormorant
218:
211:
204:
162:guanay cormorant
140:
66:
65:
38:
24:Blue-eyed shags
21:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1779:
1774:
1766:
1761:
1753:
1748:
1740:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1714:
1709:
1701:
1696:
1688:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1640:
1630:
1621:
1608:
1460:
1409:
1358:
1226:
1196:
1124:
1087:
1074:
1036:
1017:
987:
986:
976:
974:
961:
960:
956:
926:
925:
921:
914:
899:
898:
894:
879:
878:
874:
855:
854:
850:
829:
828:
824:
817:
804:
803:
796:
791:
710:Elephant Island
591:Campbell Island
490:Chatham Islands
353:Scientific name
279:
243:blue-eyed shags
221:
214:
207:
200:
171:
165:
139:
60:
49:
43:
42:
41:
40:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1845:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1795:
1785:
1772:
1759:
1746:
1733:
1720:
1707:
1694:
1681:
1666:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1589:
1586:Rhamphastosula
1579:
1569:
1562:
1552:
1545:
1535:
1525:
1515:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1420:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1339:
1329:
1322:
1312:
1305:
1295:
1288:
1278:
1271:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1236:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1134:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1101:
1099:
1097:incertae sedis
1089:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1001:
993:
985:
984:
954:
919:
912:
892:
872:
848:
822:
815:
793:
792:
790:
787:
784:
783:
777:
775:Macquarie shag
772:
767:
759:
758:
752:
747:
742:
739:
738:
732:
730:Kerguelen shag
727:
722:
714:
713:
698:
696:Antarctic shag
693:
688:
680:
679:
665:
660:
655:
647:
646:
636:
631:
626:
618:
617:
614:
608:
603:
595:
594:
588:
583:
578:
570:
569:
563:
558:
553:
545:
544:
541:Foveaux Strait
537:Stewart Island
534:
529:
524:
516:
515:
512:
507:
502:
494:
493:
487:
482:
477:
469:
468:
462:
456:
451:
443:
442:
439:Bounty Islands
436:
431:
426:
418:
417:
414:
409:
404:
396:
395:
380:
374:
369:
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
316:introduced by
278:
275:
224:
223:
192:
191:
185:
184:
178:
177:
173:
172:
166:
154:
153:
147:
146:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
45:
44:
33:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
25:
16:Genus of birds
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1844:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1619:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1367:Plotopteridae
1361:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1309:Phalacrocorax
1306:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1000:
995:
994:
991:
972:
968:
964:
958:
955:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
923:
920:
915:
909:
905:
904:
896:
893:
888:
887:
882:
876:
873:
868:
867:
862:
858:
852:
849:
844:
841:(in French).
840:
836:
832:
826:
823:
818:
812:
808:
801:
799:
795:
788:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
765:
761:
760:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
740:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
720:
716:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
686:
682:
681:
677:
676:Marion Island
673:
669:
668:Crozet Island
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
653:
649:
648:
644:
640:
639:South Georgia
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
624:
620:
619:
615:
612:
611:Imperial shag
609:
607:
604:
601:
597:
596:
592:
589:
587:
586:Campbell shag
584:
582:
579:
576:
572:
571:
567:
564:
562:
561:Auckland shag
559:
557:
554:
551:
547:
546:
542:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
522:
518:
517:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
500:
496:
495:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
475:
471:
470:
466:
463:
460:
457:
455:
452:
449:
445:
444:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
424:
420:
419:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
402:
398:
397:
393:
390:and southern
389:
385:
382:The coast of
381:
378:
375:
373:
370:
367:
363:
362:
359:Distribution
358:
355:
352:
349:
348:
345:
342:
340:
339:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
308:
307:Ancient Greek
305:combines the
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:South America
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:
222:
217:
210:
203:
198:
197:Phalacrocorax
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
174:
169:
163:
159:
155:
152:
148:
143:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
55:
52:
46:
37:
27:
22:
19:
1645:
1601:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1557:
1547:
1540:
1530:
1522:Masillastega
1520:
1510:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1453:
1446:
1441:Klallamornis
1439:
1434:Hokkaidornis
1432:
1425:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1376:Empeirodytes
1374:
1353:Valenticarbo
1351:
1341:
1334:
1326:Poikilocarbo
1324:
1317:
1307:
1300:
1290:
1283:
1273:
1268:Limicorallus
1266:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1221:Limnofregata
1219:
1209:
1188:
1177:
1167:
1157:
1147:
1137:
1117:
1107:
1096:
1062:Infraclass:
1021:frigatebirds
975:. Retrieved
970:
957:
932:
928:
922:
902:
895:
885:
875:
865:
857:Sharpe, R.B.
851:
842:
838:
825:
806:
769:
744:
724:
690:
657:
628:
605:
580:
555:
532:Foveaux shag
526:
504:
485:Chatham shag
479:
453:
428:
406:
371:
343:
336:
328:
322:
313:
309:
302:
291:type species
282:
280:
268:. Many are
251:
242:
229:
228:
227:
215:
212:Voisin, 1973
208:
205:Voisin, 1973
202:Euleucocarbo
201:
196:
195:
181:
157:
151:Type species
135:
134:
50:
18:
1670:Wikispecies
1596:Sarmatosula
1492:Empheresula
1448:Olympidytes
1390:Plotopterum
1292:Nannopterum
1169:Macranhinga
1119:Protoplotus
1109:Mangystania
963:Gill, Frank
935:: 249–257.
881:Mayr, Ernst
845:: 571–579 .
663:Crozet shag
465:New Zealand
434:Bounty shag
356:Common Name
338:Nannopterum
266:New Zealand
1827:Leucocarbo
1821:Categories
1690:Leucocarbo
1676:Leucocarbo
1646:Leucocarbo
1502:Enkurosula
1427:Copepteryx
1418:Tonsalinae
1275:Microcarbo
1258:Leucocarbo
1244:Borvocarbo
1202:Fregatidae
1179:Meganhinga
1149:Giganhinga
1130:Anhingidae
1085:Suliformes
1070:Suliformes
1064:Neognathae
1029:cormorants
1019:Genera of
789:References
643:Shag Rocks
510:Otago shag
329:Leucocarbo
303:Leucocarbo
283:Leucocarbo
281:The genus
262:Antarctica
230:Leucocarbo
136:Leucocarbo
115:Suliformes
1559:Paleosula
1532:Microsula
1482:Bimbisula
1404:Stenornis
1336:Praecarbo
1302:Nectornis
1285:Nambashag
1190:Paranavis
1159:Liptornis
1044:Kingdom:
384:Argentina
377:Rock shag
320:in 1799.
247:cormorant
216:Notocarbo
209:Nesocarbo
199:(in part)
182:See text
142:Bonaparte
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
1661:Q2705039
1655:Wikidata
1566:Papasula
1383:Phocavis
1319:Piscator
1052:Chordata
1050:Phylum:
1046:Animalia
1033:anhingas
977:12 April
949:24994028
863:(1898).
833:(1856).
641:and the
539:and the
277:Taxonomy
189:Synonyms
176:Species
121:Family:
95:Chordata
91:Phylum:
85:Animalia
71:Domain:
1781:1523025
1755:1332880
1742:4848922
1698:Avibase
1542:Miosula
1512:Eostega
1470:Sulidae
1455:Tonsala
1251:Gulosus
1211:Fregata
1139:Anhinga
1068:Clade:
1056:Class:
1025:boobies
388:Uruguay
270:endemic
131:Genus:
111:Order:
101:Class:
1804:143770
1788:NZOR:
1768:823976
1716:198412
1397:Stemec
947:
910:
813:
333:sister
310:leukos
264:, and
170:, 1837
168:Lesson
144:, 1856
1750:IRMNG
1729:638ZH
1549:Morus
1343:Urile
392:Chile
350:Image
314:Carbo
235:genus
233:is a
1776:NCBI
1763:ITIS
1737:GBIF
1711:BOLD
1603:Sula
1058:Aves
979:2019
945:PMID
908:ISBN
811:ISBN
708:and
700:The
674:and
105:Aves
1724:CoL
1685:AFD
937:doi
331:is
297:by
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1778::
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1031:,
1027:,
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969:.
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859:;
843:43
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