524:
45:
238:
564:
5140:
3868:
97:
699:
5178:
532:
72:
2244:
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679:
765:, and damming of mountain rivers for hydroelectric schemes. Early recovery efforts by scientists, field workers and volunteers have been summarised in a project sponsored by Genesis Energy, the Central North Island Blue Duck Charitable Conservation Trust and the Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society in 2006. In 2009 the
548:
are tipped with white and the inner ones have black margins. The plumage of the two sexes are mostly the same, although the female has slightly less chestnut in the chest. The pinkish-white bill has fleshy flaps of skin hanging from the sides of its tip. The beak is green at hatching and develops its
539:
The blue duck is 53 cm (21 in) long and varies in weight by sex. Females are smaller than males, weighing 680–870 g (24–31 oz), whereas the males weigh 820–970 grams (29–34 oz). The plumage is a dark slate-grey with a greenish sheen on the head, a chestnut-flecked breast. The
769:
started a ten-year recovery programme to protect the species at eight sites using predator control and then re-establish populations throughout their entire former range. Female whio are especially vulnerable to stoats while nesting, and some populations are now 70 percent male. In one study area,
706:
Captive North Island whio are held and bred on both main islands of New
Zealand, but the progeny are returned to their respective island. South Island whio are held and bred in captivity on the South Island only. All captives are kept by approved and permitted zoological and wildlife facilities as
707:
part of the national recovery plan. As part of this current ten-year plan (2009–2019) is the WHIONE programme which works with specially trained nose dogs to locate nests. The eggs are removed, and the ducklings hatched and raised in captivity. Later they are conditioned for coordinated release.
689:
Nesting and egg incubation of four to seven eggs is undertaken by the female while the male stands guard. Nests are shallow, twig, grass and down-lined scrapes in caves, under river-side vegetation or in log-jams, and are therefore very prone to spring floods. For this, and other reasons, their
622:, nesting in hollow logs, small caves and other sheltered spots. It is a rare duck, holding territories on fast flowing mountain rivers. It is a powerful swimmer even in strong currents, but is reluctant to fly. It is difficult to find, but not particularly wary when located.
1269:
Robertson, B. C.; Paley, R.; Gemmell, N. J. (2003). Broad-scale genetic population structure in blue duck
Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos. Pilot study of mitochondrial genetic variation (Report). DOC Science Internal Series. Vol. 112. New Zealand Department of Conservation.
777:
started the Whio
Forever Project, a five-year management programme for whio. It will enable the implementation of a national recovery plan that will double the number of fully operational secure blue duck breeding sites throughout New Zealand, and boost pest control efforts.
1821:
510:
Prior to 2022, the North Island and South Island whio were considered distinct but were not distinguished as subspecies; they were, however, treated as separate management units. However, the populations were defined as distinct subspecies by the
1818:
1073:
1470:
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The species has no close relatives. Its taxonomic relationships with other waterfowl species remains uncertain; DNA analysis has placed it as a sister to the South
American
1509:
1085:
686:
Blue ducks nest between August and
October, laying 4–9 creamy white eggs. The female incubates the eggs for 31 to 32 days and chicks can fly when about 70 days old.
5365:
1797:
5529:
1852:
846:
A Voyage
Towards the South Pole, and Round the World : Performed in His Majesty's ships the Resolution and Adventure, in the Years 1772, 1773, 1774, and 1775
5404:
1717:
Whitehead, A.; Edge, K.; Smart, A.; Hill, G.; Willans, M. (2008). "Large scale predator control improves the productivity of a rare New
Zealand riverine duck".
1440:
523:
730:
with each other instead of with the female that was assigned to them. They have not been known to be exported and maintained anywhere else internationally.
1171:
582:
5504:
1698:
1595:
5339:
1746:
Whitehead, A.; Elliott, G.; McIntosh, A. (2010). "Large-scale predator control increases population viability of a rare New
Zealand riverine duck".
1478:
747:
5378:
3132:
1783:
766:
512:
1350:
1310:
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by The
Wildlife Service of New Zealand. The species was maintained in the UK until at least 2012 before dying out; efforts to create the only
5519:
1612:
1385:
1304:
1212:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1792:
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Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
581:
770:
clutches of eggs lasted an average of nine days before being destroyed by stoats, and the one brood that hatched was killed the next day.
1539:
873:
A Voyage Round the World, in His
Britannic Majesty's Sloop, Resolution, Commanded by Capt. James Cook, During the Years 1772, 3, 4, and 5
1845:
1335:
Carboneras, K.; Kirwan, G.M. (2017). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A.; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
1570:
471:
5524:
3004:
2727:
76:
1501:
339:
mentioned the blue duck in their separate accounts of the voyage. A specimen was described in 1785 by the English ornithologist
44:
897:
975:
929:
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2955:
2950:
2945:
1081:
727:
5383:
1247:
5139:
1659:
1838:
1813:
1297:
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Volume 1: Ratites to ducks; Part B, Australian pelican to ducks
1018:
5156:
573:
237:
96:
5277:
3125:
887:
340:
332:
313:
3867:
1448:
634:. A study of blue ducks on the Manganuiateao River in the central North Island found the most common prey items were
5409:
3075:
2149:
1377:
1002:
17:
2916:
642:
larvae, although cased caddisfly were less preferred and were only consumed so much because of their abundance.
3219:
2928:
2495:
2483:
1138:
557:
The male's call is a high-pitched whistle. The female's call is a rattling growl or low-pitched grating notes.
3034:
750:. A 2010 census estimated a total population size of 2,500–3,000 individuals, with a maximum of 1,200 pairs.
648:
2548:
2536:
2284:
919:
348:
215:
1687:
1618:
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population outside of New Zealand with these ducks ultimately failed when the last two male ducks formed a
5264:
5194:
3118:
3046:
2808:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2337:
2190:
774:
542:
5282:
305:. Its exact taxonomic status is still unresolved, but it appears to be most closely related to the tribe
5463:
3360:
3087:
2911:
2906:
2796:
2640:
2512:
2471:
2113:
754:
746:
due to its highly fragmented and shrinking population, and it is listed as Nationally Endangered in the
198:
24:
710:
Blue ducks were presented to the International Waterfowl Association in the UK in the 1970s along with
483:
rendition of the males' call. Other names it may be known by are Mountain Duck or Blue Mountain Duck.
753:
The blue duck is a very localised species now threatened by predation from introduced mammals such as
5429:
5326:
5246:
4251:
3572:
3273:
2737:
2422:
2050:
1949:
1877:
1861:
1755:
1726:
1414:
1401:
Veltman, C. J.; Collier, K. J.; Henderson, I. M.; Newton, L. (1995). "Foraging ecology of blue ducks
711:
4306:
4242:
4130:
3612:
1337:
5514:
4322:
3806:
2867:
2855:
2320:
2308:
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1973:
441:
61:
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5182:
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4265:
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3014:
3009:
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2781:
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2386:
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2202:
2067:
2062:
2021:
1961:
1163:
951:
739:
662:
382:
245:
175:
91:
5468:
4644:
4529:
4519:
4315:
4022:
4011:
3916:
3815:
3691:
3427:
2965:
5370:
4817:
4806:
4205:
4098:
4044:
3948:
3769:
3110:
2243:
871:
5450:
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5300:
4706:
4617:
4472:
4444:
4329:
4227:
4119:
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3058:
3029:
3019:
2992:
2879:
2623:
2584:
2342:
2084:
2072:
2038:
2009:
1997:
1937:
1889:
1808:
1608:
1576:
1566:
1531:
1381:
1300:
1218:
1208:
1053:
928:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 526.
853:
849:
715:
698:
615:
445:
5481:
4409:
5455:
4958:
3990:
3979:
3418:
3092:
3063:
2982:
2896:
2652:
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2214:
1925:
1763:
1734:
1422:
1155:
1006:
967:
723:
451:
293:
53:
5269:
3602:
347:. Latham used the English name, the "soft-billed duck". When in 1789 the German naturalist
5437:
4559:
3392:
3204:
2987:
2601:
2524:
2101:
1825:
841:
497:
357:
2960:
2332:
801:
1759:
1730:
1418:
5509:
5095:
4968:
4831:
4340:
4276:
4087:
4066:
3969:
3722:
3381:
2818:
2698:
2669:
2657:
2359:
2125:
421:
377:
and cited the earlier works. The blue duck is now the only species placed in the genus
5498:
5391:
4658:
3750:
3582:
3500:
3343:
3330:
3285:
2791:
2786:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2693:
1767:
1607:. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 62. Wellington, N.Z.: Department of Conservation.
1426:
1146:
867:
810:
643:
416:
386:
371:
352:
336:
81:
1139:"A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters"
891:
588:
Recording of adult pair in a stream communicating and answering tape recorded calls.
5305:
5170:
5088:
5037:
4992:
4838:
4747:
4682:
4607:
4389:
4292:
4216:
3958:
3927:
3519:
3188:
3142:
2970:
2813:
2681:
2560:
2434:
2296:
2161:
1985:
955:
923:
758:
635:
480:
148:
5292:
5419:
1738:
1594:
Glaser, Andrew; Andrew, Paul; Elliott, Graeme; Edge, Kerri-Anne (December 2010).
580:
5352:
5226:
4914:
4887:
4796:
4509:
4382:
4349:
4285:
4055:
4033:
4001:
3779:
3449:
3258:
2776:
2611:
2398:
1647:
1243:
619:
328:
1074:"Habitat loss > Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos (blue duck, whio) > Taxonomy"
1010:
531:
5476:
5027:
4999:
4894:
4880:
4869:
4862:
4824:
4786:
4768:
4754:
4737:
4730:
4634:
4624:
4593:
4586:
4540:
4455:
4372:
3738:
3661:
3539:
3463:
3403:
3182:
3024:
2572:
2500:
1913:
971:
837:
719:
667:
597:
487:
324:
5217:
2439:
1580:
1222:
419:(Anatini), but with no close relative. As of 2013, it was commonly listed as
5044:
5013:
5006:
4978:
4778:
4689:
4600:
4549:
4499:
4462:
4433:
4360:
4141:
3937:
3794:
3759:
3672:
3470:
3370:
3231:
2710:
2137:
1374:
Wildfowl: an identification guide to the ducks, geese and swans of the world
1159:
653:
639:
108:
2185:
2096:
2033:
896:. Vol. 2, Part 2. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 522.
1803:
1202:
543:
515:
in 2022, based on strong genetic divergence and some plumage differences.
16:
This article is about the bird native to New Zealand. For other uses, see
5442:
5256:
5211:
5106:
4985:
4905:
4852:
4717:
4194:
4109:
3899:
3886:
3826:
3634:
3167:
2933:
848:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell. pp.
670:
larvae. The blue duck on occasion take berries and the fruits of shrubs.
434:
426:
296:
257:
158:
128:
361:
he included the blue duck and placed it with all the other ducks in the
5344:
5241:
5081:
5055:
4949:
4921:
4761:
4696:
4651:
4576:
4173:
3713:
3645:
3550:
2226:
1830:
1167:
678:
611:
430:
306:
5357:
5115:
5071:
5020:
4928:
4675:
4426:
3698:
3681:
3477:
3161:
2173:
1901:
876:. Vol. 1. London: B. White, P. Elmsly, G. Robinson. p. 157.
657:
118:
5318:
5188:
1299:. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. pp. 1255–1260.
5313:
4845:
762:
697:
690:
breeding success is extremely variable from one year to the next.
677:
631:
530:
522:
362:
286:
5331:
5064:
4479:
3173:
2891:
2354:
743:
366:
290:
282:
138:
5192:
3884:
3328:
3154:
3114:
1834:
702:
A breeding pair in the wild, in Fiordland National Park (2017).
2901:
2444:
1686:
Adams, J.; Cunningham, D.; Molloy, J.; Phillipson, S. (1997).
1477:. Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust. 5 March 2012. Archived from
463:
630:
The blue duck feeds almost entirely on aquatic invertebrate
562:
460:
335:
to the south Pacific. In 1777 both Cook and the naturalist
299:
endemic to New Zealand. It is the only member of the genus
656:) larvae were also frequently eaten. Other prey included
1445:
New Zealand Department of Conservation – Te Papa Atawhai
1405:
on a New Zealand river: implications for conservation".
1697:. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation.
773:
In 2011 the New Zealand Department of Conservation and
527:
1888 illustration of the beak and head of the blue duck
5154:
1471:"Ducky companion saves blue Jerry from a lonely life"
472:
457:
5077:
5033:
4974:
4964:
4934:
4875:
4858:
4813:
4802:
4792:
4774:
4743:
4702:
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4640:
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4613:
4582:
4565:
4555:
4525:
4515:
4505:
4495:
4485:
4468:
4451:
4439:
4415:
4405:
4395:
4378:
4368:
4303:
4239:
4223:
4212:
4201:
4190:
4180:
4169:
4158:
4148:
4137:
4126:
4115:
4105:
4094:
4083:
4072:
4062:
4051:
4040:
4029:
4018:
4007:
3997:
3986:
3975:
3965:
3954:
3944:
3933:
3923:
3912:
3803:
3775:
3765:
3734:
3687:
3657:
3630:
3619:
3608:
3598:
3588:
3578:
3568:
3556:
3546:
3535:
3488:
3415:
3399:
3388:
3377:
3366:
3356:
1804:
TerraNature | New Zealand ecology – Blue duck (Whio)
506:(Gmelin, JF, 1789) – west South Island (New Zealand)
381:
that was introduced specifically for the species by
5201:
5105:
5054:
4948:
4904:
4716:
4539:
4359:
4339:
4302:
4275:
4238:
3897:
3825:
3802:
3793:
3749:
3721:
3712:
3671:
3644:
3518:
3487:
3414:
3341:
3284:
3257:
3230:
3203:
2846:
2726:
2600:
2375:
2251:
1868:
454:
1336:
1124:Bird families of the world: Ducks, geese and swans
500:, 1937 – central, south North Island (New Zealand)
956:"Some remarks on the soft-billed duck of Latham"
312:The whio is depicted on the reverse side of the
433:. It was formerly thought to be related to the
1109:A complete checklist of the birds of the world
3126:
1846:
8:
1042:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
3096:
3079:
3067:
3050:
3038:
2996:
2974:
2937:
2920:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2834:
2822:
2800:
2763:
2741:
2714:
2702:
2685:
2673:
2661:
2644:
2627:
2615:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2528:
2516:
2504:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2390:
2363:
2346:
2324:
2312:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2264:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2194:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2088:
2076:
2054:
2042:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1204:Collins field guide to New Zealand wildlife
23:"Whio" redirects here. For other uses, see
5189:
4722:
3905:
3894:
3881:
3799:
3727:
3718:
3650:
3528:
3349:
3338:
3325:
3263:
3236:
3209:
3200:
3151:
3133:
3119:
3111:
1853:
1839:
1831:
1563:Whio : saving New Zealand's blue duck
1284:Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.G., eds. (1990).
236:
70:
43:
34:
1565:. Nelson, N.Z.: Craig Potton Publishing.
1279:
1277:
1347:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
748:New Zealand Threat Classification System
404:is also from Ancient Greek and combines
5161:
1017:. International Ornithologists' Union.
787:
400:meaning "throat". The specific epithet
1201:Lindsey, Terence; Morris, Rod (2011).
1107:Howard, Richard; Moore, Alick (2013).
960:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
795:
793:
791:
767:New Zealand Department of Conservation
595:
5530:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1641:
1639:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1177:from the original on 17 February 2020
1044:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1011:"Screamers, ducks, geese & swans"
997:
995:
993:
513:International Ornithological Congress
385:in 1843. The genus name combines the
7:
5430:54f94840-4381-48cc-8ab2-6b735a650caf
1819:Central North Island Blue Duck Trust
1784:Images and movies of the Blue Duck (
1704:from the original on 14 October 2012
1512:from the original on 4 December 2021
1502:"Gay ducks derail repopulation plan"
331:, South Island, New Zealand, on his
1646:Hansford, Dave (July–August 2018).
1372:Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1987).
1349:. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
1021:from the original on 1 October 2017
811:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1809:Blue Duck Project Charitable Trust
1662:from the original on 6 August 2018
1316:from the original on 9 August 2022
1126:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
396:meaning "skin" or "membrane" with
14:
1800:at the Department of Conservation
1542:from the original on 5 March 2022
1353:from the original on 4 April 2023
978:from the original on 20 June 2022
932:from the original on 29 June 2022
549:final colour eight hours later .
5505:IUCN Red List endangered species
5176:
5164:
5138:
3866:
3005:North Island little spotted kiwi
2242:
1768:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.02079.x
1506:Scientific American Blog Network
1250:from the original on 30 May 2022
1015:IOC World Bird List Version 12.1
900:from the original on 1 July 2022
800:BirdLife International. (2022).
596:Problems playing this file? See
578:
450:
95:
738:The blue duck is classified as
682:Blue duck family in Hawke's Bay
2956:North Island stout-legged wren
2951:South Island stout-legged wren
1082:Natural History Museum, London
1:
1536:British Waterfowl Association
5520:Endemic birds of New Zealand
1739:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.08.013
1427:10.1016/0006-3207(95)00029-4
1137:Livezey, Bradley C. (1986).
646:(free-living caddisfly) and
5482:Hymenolaimus-malacorhynchos
5233:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
5203:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
1793:BirdLife Species Factsheet.
1786:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
1690:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
1599:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
1403:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
1340:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
1288:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
1207:. Auckland: HarperCollins.
893:A General Synopsis of Birds
804:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
345:A General Synopsis of Birds
278:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
208:Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
5546:
3076:New Zealand owlet-nightjar
2150:South Island oystercatcher
1040:Jobling, James A. (2010).
666:(net-building caddis) and
22:
18:Blue Duck (disambiguation)
15:
5135:
4725:
3908:
3893:
3880:
3863:
3730:
3653:
3531:
3352:
3337:
3324:
3266:
3239:
3212:
3199:
3150:
2917:Auckland Island merganser
2240:
1601:) recovery plan 2009–2019
972:10.1080/03745484309445317
314:New Zealand $ 10 banknote
251:
244:
235:
228:
223:
204:
197:
92:Scientific classification
90:
68:
59:
51:
42:
37:
3145:and their extinct allies
2929:Chatham Island merganser
2496:Northern royal albatross
2484:New Zealand storm petrel
1692:recovery plan 1997–2007"
920:Gmelin, Johann Friedrich
535:Blue duck, Mikonui River
440:It is commonly known in
52:Blue duck at Staglands,
5525:Birds described in 1789
2549:South Island saddleback
2537:North Island saddleback
2513:Orange-fronted parakeet
2285:North Island brown kiwi
1719:Biological Conservation
1407:Biological Conservation
1009:, eds. (January 2022).
818:: e.T22680121A214275489
649:Aphrophila neozelandica
349:Johann Friedrich Gmelin
3097:
3080:
3068:
3051:
3039:
2997:
2975:
2938:
2921:
2884:
2872:
2860:
2835:
2823:
2801:
2764:
2742:
2715:
2703:
2686:
2674:
2662:
2645:
2628:
2616:
2589:
2577:
2565:
2553:
2541:
2529:
2517:
2505:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2460:New Zealand fairy tern
2427:
2415:
2403:
2391:
2364:
2347:
2325:
2313:
2301:
2289:
2277:
2265:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2191:Variable oystercatcher
2178:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2089:
2077:
2055:
2043:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1652:New Zealand Geographic
757:, competition for its
703:
683:
567:
536:
528:
448:name Whio, pronounced
425:but likely within the
309:, the dabbling ducks.
190:H. malacorhynchos
5464:Paleobiology Database
3088:New Zealand musk duck
3035:Scarlett's shearwater
2912:South Island adzebill
2907:North Island adzebill
2797:Erect-crested penguin
2641:Chatham oystercatcher
2472:New Zealand king shag
2114:New Zealand rock wren
1561:Young, David (2006).
1160:10.1093/auk/103.4.737
761:food with introduced
728:same-sex relationship
712:New Zealand shovelers
701:
681:
566:
534:
526:
351:revised and expanded
327:saw the blue duck in
281:) is a member of the
2738:Antipodean albatross
2728:Subantarctic islands
2051:New Zealand dotterel
1950:Double-banded plover
1862:Birds of New Zealand
1814:Whio Forever Project
618:resident breeder in
504:H. m. malacorhynchos
408:meaning "soft" with
3047:North Island takahē
2922:rakiraki maungahuka
2868:New Zealand bittern
2856:South Island piopio
2809:Reischek's parakeet
2455:South Island kōkako
2450:North Island kōkako
2338:South Island takahē
2321:Yellow-eyed penguin
2309:Southern brown kiwi
2273:Little spotted kiwi
1824:16 May 2013 at the
1760:2010AusEc..35..722W
1731:2008BCons.141.2784W
1419:1995BCons..74..187V
952:Gray, George Robert
574:Blue duck recording
442:New Zealand English
375:Anas malacorhynchos
254:Anas malacorhynchus
62:Conservation status
3492:Anachronornithidae
3015:South Island snipe
3010:North Island snipe
2831:Subantarctic snipe
2782:Campbell albatross
2772:Antipodes parakeet
2716:kawau o rangihaute
2387:Black-fronted tern
2261:Great spotted kiwi
2203:White-fronted tern
2068:North Island robin
2063:South Island robin
2022:Long-tailed cuckoo
1962:New Zealand falcon
1688:"Blue duck (Whio)
1481:on 9 December 2014
1005:; Donsker, David;
704:
684:
638:(midge) and cased
568:
537:
529:
495:H. m. hymenolaimus
429:and allied to the
383:George Robert Gray
325:Captain James Cook
5492:
5491:
5451:Open Tree of Life
5195:Taxon identifiers
5152:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5124:
3876:
3875:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3789:
3788:
3708:
3707:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3108:
3107:
3059:New Zealand goose
2880:New Zealand quail
2624:Chatham albatross
2343:Fiordland penguin
2085:Paradise shelduck
2073:New Zealand scaup
2010:Sacred kingfisher
1998:Grey-faced petrel
1890:Black-billed gull
1725:(11): 2784–2794.
1614:978-0-478-14841-1
1387:978-0-7470-2201-5
1306:978-0-19-553068-1
1214:978-1-86950-881-4
1122:Kear, J. (2005).
1088:on 14 August 2014
1059:978-1-4081-2501-4
1007:Rasmussen, Pamela
716:New Zealand scaup
583:
265:
264:
179:
85:
5537:
5485:
5484:
5472:
5471:
5459:
5458:
5446:
5445:
5433:
5432:
5423:
5422:
5413:
5412:
5400:
5399:
5387:
5386:
5374:
5373:
5361:
5360:
5348:
5347:
5335:
5334:
5322:
5321:
5309:
5308:
5296:
5295:
5286:
5285:
5273:
5272:
5260:
5259:
5250:
5249:
5247:C7FB4E76AC5252F2
5237:
5236:
5235:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5190:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5160:
5143:
5142:
5079:
5035:
4976:
4966:
4936:
4877:
4860:
4815:
4804:
4794:
4776:
4745:
4723:
4704:
4666:
4642:
4632:
4615:
4584:
4567:
4557:
4527:
4517:
4507:
4497:
4487:
4470:
4453:
4441:
4417:
4407:
4397:
4380:
4370:
4305:
4241:
4225:
4214:
4203:
4192:
4182:
4171:
4160:
4150:
4139:
4128:
4117:
4107:
4096:
4085:
4074:
4064:
4053:
4042:
4031:
4020:
4009:
3999:
3991:Chelychelynechen
3988:
3977:
3967:
3956:
3946:
3935:
3925:
3914:
3906:
3895:
3882:
3871:
3870:
3805:
3800:
3777:
3767:
3736:
3728:
3719:
3689:
3659:
3651:
3632:
3621:
3610:
3600:
3590:
3580:
3570:
3558:
3548:
3537:
3529:
3490:
3419:Presbyornithidae
3417:
3401:
3390:
3379:
3368:
3358:
3350:
3339:
3326:
3264:
3237:
3210:
3201:
3194:
3193:
3152:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3112:
3100:
3093:New Zealand swan
3083:
3071:
3054:
3042:
3000:
2978:
2946:Long-billed wren
2941:
2924:
2887:
2875:
2863:
2838:
2826:
2804:
2767:
2745:
2718:
2706:
2689:
2677:
2665:
2653:Chatham parakeet
2648:
2636:Chatham gerygone
2631:
2619:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2491:
2479:
2467:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2394:
2367:
2350:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2280:
2268:
2246:
2234:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2092:
2080:
2058:
2046:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1926:Buff-banded rail
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1771:
1742:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1648:"The first test"
1643:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1624:on 25 April 2012
1623:
1617:. Archived from
1606:
1597:Whio/blue duck (
1591:
1585:
1584:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1447:. Archived from
1441:"Blue duck/whio"
1437:
1431:
1430:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1378:Christopher Helm
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1344:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1294:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1240:
1227:
1226:
1198:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1176:
1143:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1084:. Archived from
1070:
1064:
1063:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
999:
988:
987:
985:
983:
966:(71): 369–372 .
948:
942:
941:
939:
937:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
884:
878:
877:
864:
858:
857:
842:Furneaux, Tobias
834:
828:
827:
825:
823:
797:
724:captive breeding
585:
584:
565:
545:
490:are recognised:
475:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
459:
456:
412:meaning "bill".
370:. He coined the
240:
210:
174:
100:
99:
79:
74:
73:
54:Akatarawa Valley
47:
35:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5480:
5475:
5467:
5462:
5454:
5449:
5441:
5438:Observation.org
5436:
5428:
5426:
5418:
5416:
5408:
5403:
5395:
5390:
5382:
5377:
5369:
5364:
5356:
5351:
5343:
5338:
5330:
5325:
5317:
5312:
5304:
5299:
5291:
5289:
5281:
5276:
5268:
5263:
5255:
5253:
5245:
5240:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5197:
5187:
5177:
5175:
5165:
5163:
5155:
5153:
5144:
5137:
5121:
5101:
5050:
4944:
4900:
4712:
4560:Australotadorna
4535:
4355:
4335:
4298:
4271:
4252:Paracygnopterus
4234:
3902:
3889:
3872:
3865:
3841:
3821:
3785:
3745:
3704:
3667:
3640:
3573:Naranbulagornis
3522:
3514:
3483:
3410:
3393:Pelagornithidae
3346:
3333:
3300:
3280:
3253:
3226:
3220:Avemetatarsalia
3205:Avemetatarsalia
3195:
3157:
3156:
3146:
3139:
3109:
3104:
2988:Waitaha penguin
2983:Chatham penguin
2848:
2842:
2730:
2722:
2604:
2602:Chatham Islands
2596:
2525:Red-billed gull
2518:kākāriki karaka
2379:
2377:
2371:
2253:
2247:
2238:
1870:
1864:
1859:
1826:Wayback Machine
1779:
1774:
1748:Austral Ecology
1745:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1679:Further reading
1676:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1604:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1573:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1451:on 2 March 2015
1439:
1438:
1434:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1230:
1215:
1200:
1199:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1111:(4th ed.).
1106:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1001:
1000:
991:
981:
979:
950:
949:
945:
935:
933:
918:
917:
913:
903:
901:
886:
885:
881:
866:
865:
861:
836:
835:
831:
821:
819:
799:
798:
789:
784:
736:
696:
676:
628:
608:
603:
602:
594:
592:
591:
590:
589:
586:
579:
576:
569:
563:
555:
547:
521:
473:
453:
449:
358:Systema Naturae
322:
219:
212:
206:
193:
173:
94:
86:
75:
71:
64:
31:
30:Species of bird
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
5543:
5541:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5497:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5473:
5460:
5447:
5434:
5424:
5414:
5401:
5388:
5375:
5362:
5349:
5336:
5323:
5310:
5297:
5287:
5274:
5261:
5251:
5238:
5223:
5207:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5186:
5185:
5173:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5111:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5075:
5068:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5041:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4972:
4969:Camptorhynchus
4962:
4954:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4910:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4873:
4866:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4832:Malacorhynchus
4828:
4821:
4811:
4800:
4790:
4783:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4638:
4628:
4621:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4580:
4573:
4563:
4553:
4545:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4523:
4513:
4503:
4493:
4483:
4476:
4466:
4459:
4449:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4413:
4403:
4393:
4386:
4376:
4365:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4345:
4343:
4341:Stictonettinae
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4309:
4307:Dendrocheninae
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4289:
4281:
4279:
4277:Dendrocygninae
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4247:
4245:
4243:Romainvillinae
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4221:
4210:
4199:
4188:
4178:
4167:
4156:
4146:
4135:
4131:Protomelanitta
4124:
4113:
4103:
4092:
4088:Mioquerquedula
4081:
4070:
4067:Lavanttalornis
4060:
4049:
4038:
4027:
4016:
4005:
3995:
3984:
3973:
3970:Caerulonettion
3963:
3952:
3942:
3931:
3921:
3909:
3903:
3898:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3811:
3809:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3773:
3763:
3755:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3725:
3723:Anseranatoidea
3716:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3685:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3628:
3617:
3613:Petropluvialis
3606:
3596:
3586:
3576:
3566:
3554:
3544:
3532:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3397:
3386:
3382:Dromornithidae
3375:
3364:
3353:
3347:
3342:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3213:
3207:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3155:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3090:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3056:
3044:
3032:
3030:Imber's petrel
3027:
3022:
3020:Forbes's snipe
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2993:Eyles' harrier
2990:
2985:
2980:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2931:
2926:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2828:
2819:Snares penguin
2816:
2811:
2806:
2802:tawaki nana hī
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2734:
2732:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2708:
2699:Magenta petrel
2696:
2691:
2679:
2670:Chatham pigeon
2667:
2658:Chatham petrel
2655:
2650:
2638:
2633:
2621:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2558:
2546:
2534:
2522:
2510:
2498:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2383:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2357:
2352:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2282:
2270:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2183:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2135:
2126:Shining cuckoo
2123:
2111:
2099:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1798:Blue duck/Whio
1795:
1790:
1778:
1777:External links
1775:
1773:
1772:
1754:(7): 722–730.
1743:
1714:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1635:
1613:
1586:
1571:
1553:
1523:
1500:Lite, Jordan.
1492:
1462:
1432:
1413:(3): 187–194.
1393:
1386:
1364:
1327:
1305:
1273:
1261:
1228:
1213:
1188:
1154:(4): 737–754.
1129:
1114:
1099:
1065:
1058:
1032:
989:
943:
911:
879:
868:Forster, Georg
859:
829:
786:
785:
783:
780:
775:Genesis Energy
735:
732:
695:
692:
675:
672:
627:
624:
607:
604:
593:
587:
577:
572:
571:
570:
561:
560:
559:
554:
551:
541:
520:
517:
508:
507:
501:
479:, which is an
422:incertae sedis
417:dabbling ducks
402:malacorhynchos
321:
318:
263:
262:
249:
248:
242:
241:
233:
232:
226:
225:
221:
220:
213:
202:
201:
195:
194:
187:
185:
181:
180:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
88:
87:
69:
66:
65:
60:
57:
56:
49:
48:
40:
39:
29:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5542:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5483:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5411:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5191:
5184:
5174:
5172:
5162:
5158:
5141:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4659:Plectropterus
4656:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4229:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3807:Paranyrocidae
3801:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3751:Anseranatidae
3748:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3583:Paakniwatavis
3577:
3575:
3574:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3524:sensu stricto
3521:
3517:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3501:Anachronornis
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3344:Anserimorphae
3340:
3336:
3332:
3331:Anserimorphae
3327:
3323:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3286:Anserimorphae
3283:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3099:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3064:Finsch's duck
3062:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:Haast's eagle
2895:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2792:Campbell teal
2790:
2788:
2787:Campbell shag
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2765:tētē kākāriki
2761:
2760:Auckland teal
2758:
2756:
2755:Auckland shag
2753:
2751:
2750:Auckland rail
2748:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:Chatham snipe
2692:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:endemic birds
2374:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:kiwi pukupuku
2274:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2245:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2131:pīpīwharauroa
2127:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1902:Brown creeper
1900:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1572:9781877333460
1568:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1331:
1328:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1262:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
996:
994:
990:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
947:
944:
931:
927:
926:
921:
915:
912:
899:
895:
894:
889:
883:
880:
875:
874:
869:
863:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
833:
830:
817:
813:
812:
807:
805:
796:
794:
792:
788:
781:
779:
776:
771:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
733:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
700:
693:
691:
687:
680:
673:
671:
669:
665:
664:
659:
655:
651:
650:
645:
644:Hydrobiosidae
641:
637:
633:
625:
623:
621:
617:
613:
605:
601:
599:
575:
558:
552:
550:
546:
533:
525:
518:
516:
514:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
492:
491:
489:
484:
482:
478:
477:
468:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
388:
387:Ancient Greek
384:
380:
376:
373:
372:binomial name
369:
368:
364:
360:
359:
354:
353:Carl Linnaeus
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:Georg Forster
334:
333:second voyage
330:
326:
319:
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315:
310:
308:
304:
303:
298:
295:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
261:
259:
255:
250:
247:
243:
239:
234:
231:
227:
222:
217:
211:
209:
203:
200:
199:Binomial name
196:
192:
191:
186:
183:
182:
177:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
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137:
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133:
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127:
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117:
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113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
89:
83:
78:
67:
63:
58:
55:
50:
46:
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36:
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26:
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5202:
5114:
5094:
5089:Sibirionetta
5087:
5080:
5070:
5063:
5043:
5038:Shiriyanetta
5036:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4993:Histrionicus
4991:
4984:
4977:
4967:
4957:
4937:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4868:
4861:
4851:
4844:
4839:Marmaronetta
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4805:
4795:
4785:
4777:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4748:Anabernicula
4746:
4736:
4729:
4705:
4695:
4688:
4683:Sarkidiornis
4681:
4674:
4669:Pleistoanser
4667:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4633:
4623:
4616:
4608:Hymenolaimus
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4575:
4568:
4558:
4548:
4528:
4518:
4508:
4498:
4488:
4478:
4471:
4461:
4454:
4443:
4432:
4425:
4420:Bonibernicla
4418:
4408:
4400:Anserobranta
4398:
4388:
4381:
4371:
4348:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4293:Thalassornis
4291:
4284:
4264:
4259:Romainvillia
4257:
4250:
4226:
4217:Thambetochen
4215:
4204:
4193:
4183:
4172:
4161:
4151:
4140:
4129:
4118:
4108:
4097:
4086:
4075:
4065:
4054:
4043:
4032:
4021:
4010:
4000:
3989:
3978:
3968:
3959:Bambolinetta
3957:
3947:
3936:
3928:Allgoviachen
3926:
3915:
3814:
3778:
3768:
3758:
3737:
3697:
3690:
3680:
3660:
3633:
3622:
3611:
3601:
3591:
3581:
3571:
3560:
3549:
3538:
3523:
3520:Anseriformes
3506:
3499:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3426:
3402:
3391:
3380:
3369:
3359:
3189:Galloanserae
3187:Superorder:
3178:
2971:Laughing owl
2966:Chatham kākā
2961:Lyall's wren
2814:Snares snipe
2682:Chatham shag
2561:Shore plover
2435:Foveaux shag
2410:
2360:Blue penguin
2297:Okarito kiwi
2162:Spotted shag
2090:pūtangitangi
1986:Grey warbler
1785:
1751:
1747:
1722:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1689:
1664:. Retrieved
1655:
1651:
1626:. Retrieved
1619:the original
1600:
1596:
1589:
1562:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1535:
1526:
1514:. Retrieved
1505:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:the original
1474:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1444:
1435:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1373:
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1346:
1339:
1338:"Blue Duck (
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1296:
1287:
1264:
1254:26 September
1252:. Retrieved
1203:
1179:. Retrieved
1151:
1145:
1132:
1123:
1117:
1108:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:the original
1077:
1068:
1041:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1014:
980:. Retrieved
963:
959:
946:
934:. Retrieved
924:
914:
902:. Retrieved
892:
888:Latham, John
882:
872:
862:
845:
832:
820:. Retrieved
815:
809:
803:
772:
759:invertebrate
752:
737:
709:
705:
688:
685:
661:
647:
636:Chironomidae
629:
609:
556:
538:
509:
503:
494:
485:
481:onomatopoeic
439:
420:
414:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
379:Hymenolaimus
378:
374:
365:
356:
344:
323:
311:
302:Hymenolaimus
301:
300:
277:
276:
272:
268:
266:
253:
252:
229:
207:
205:
189:
188:
170:Hymenolaimus
169:
168:
149:Anseriformes
32:
5353:iNaturalist
5227:Wikispecies
5183:New Zealand
4939:Tirarinetta
4915:Heteronetta
4888:Salvadorina
4797:Dunstanetta
4570:Brantadorna
4510:Megalodytes
4490:Cygnopterus
4383:Annakacygna
4350:Stictonetta
4323:Manuherikia
4286:Dendrocygna
4266:Saintandrea
4185:Tagayanetta
4163:Sharganetta
4153:Selenonetta
4056:Heteroanser
4034:Garganornis
4002:Cousteauvia
3836:See below ↓
3780:Eoanseranas
3624:Proherodius
3593:Palaeopapia
3562:Headonornis
3508:Danielsavis
3457:Proherodius
3450:Presbyornis
3443:Murgonornis
3435:Headonornis
3274:Maniraptora
3259:Maniraptora
3081:ruru hinapō
2777:Bounty shag
2612:Black robin
2399:Black stilt
2232:ngutuparore
2196:tōrea pango
2107:tītipounamu
2056:tūturiwhatu
1931:moho-pererū
1628:21 November
1532:"Blue Duck"
1270:p. 12.
1244:"Blue Duck"
1003:Gill, Frank
838:Cook, James
663:Aoteapysche
620:New Zealand
544:secondaries
519:Description
341:John Latham
329:Dusky Sound
224:Subspecies
5515:Tadorninae
5499:Categories
5477:Xeno-canto
5028:Polysticta
5000:Lophodytes
4895:Speculanas
4881:Rhodonessa
4870:Pteronetta
4863:Pinpanetta
4825:Lophonetta
4787:Chenonetta
4769:Callonetta
4755:Asarcornis
4738:Amazonetta
4645:Nannonetta
4635:Miotadorna
4625:Merganetta
4594:Chloephaga
4587:Centrornis
4541:Tadorninae
4530:Presbychen
4520:Paracygnus
4456:Cnemiornis
4373:Afrocygnus
4316:Dendrochen
4023:Eutelornis
4012:Eonerornis
3917:Aldabranas
3816:Paranyroca
3739:Anatalavis
3692:Chainkanas
3662:Chaunoides
3540:Agnopterus
3464:Telmabates
3428:Bumbalavis
3404:Vegaviidae
3295:see below↓
3183:Neognathae
3141:Genera of
3069:manutahora
3025:Snipe-rail
2939:mātuhituhi
2585:Yellowhead
2573:Stitchbird
2501:Otago shag
2489:takahikare
2376:Endangered
2252:Flightless
2167:pārekareka
1979:pīwakawaka
1914:Brown teal
1708:7 November
1516:4 December
1485:5 December
1475:WWT.org.uk
1376:. London:
1357:5 December
1290:Blue Duck"
1092:5 December
782:References
740:Endangered
720:brown teal
598:media help
488:subspecies
216:Gmelin, JF
77:Endangered
38:Blue duck
5420:blue-duck
5045:Somateria
5014:Mergellus
5007:Melanitta
4979:Chendytes
4959:Bucephala
4818:Lavadytis
4807:Eoneornis
4779:Chenoanas
4690:Tachyeres
4601:Cyanochen
4550:Alopochen
4500:Eremochen
4463:Coscoroba
4434:Cereopsis
4361:Anserinae
4206:Teleornis
4142:Ptaiochen
4099:Nogusunna
4045:Helonetta
3949:Awengkere
3938:Ankonetta
3795:Anatoidea
3770:Anserpica
3760:Anseranas
3673:Anhimidae
3471:Teviornis
3371:Gastornis
3361:Conflicto
3247:Theropoda
3232:Theropoda
3160:Kingdom:
3143:waterfowl
2824:pokotiwha
2711:Pitt shag
2566:tūturuatu
2530:tarāpunga
2477:kawau tūī
2411:Blue duck
2392:tarapiroe
2220:pōpokotea
2215:Whitehead
2138:Silvereye
1658:: 74–91.
1581:166312805
1223:776539108
1078:NHM.ac.uk
694:Captivity
654:crane fly
640:caddisfly
606:Behaviour
269:blue duck
230:See text
184:Species:
176:G.R. Gray
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
5397:22680121
5371:10674736
5270:22680121
5265:BirdLife
5254:BioLib:
5212:Wikidata
5107:Aythyini
4986:Clangula
4906:Oxyurini
4853:Nettapus
4718:Anatinae
4707:Tamtamia
4618:Kaikenia
4473:Cygnavus
4445:Chenopis
4330:Mionetta
4228:Wasonaka
4195:Talpanas
4120:Proanser
4110:Notochen
4077:Loxornis
3900:Anatidae
3887:Anatidae
3827:Anatidae
3635:Wunketru
3168:Chordata
3166:Phylum:
3162:Animalia
2934:Bushwren
2836:tutukiwi
2465:tara-iti
2423:Fernbird
2380:(flying)
2179:miromiro
2119:pīwauwau
2102:Rifleman
2044:pīhoihoi
1991:riroriro
1967:kārearea
1955:pohowera
1938:Dabchick
1895:tarāpuka
1883:korimako
1878:Bellbird
1822:Archived
1782:ARKive:
1699:Archived
1666:5 August
1660:Archived
1540:Archived
1510:Archived
1455:13 March
1351:Archived
1311:Archived
1248:Archived
1172:Archived
1019:Archived
976:Archived
954:(1843).
930:Archived
922:(1789).
898:Archived
890:(1785).
870:(1777).
844:(1777).
674:Breeding
668:stonefly
435:shelduck
427:Anatinae
410:rhunkhos
320:Taxonomy
297:Anatidae
258:protonym
246:Synonyms
159:Anatidae
155:Family:
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
82:IUCN 3.1
5345:2498332
5332:1065125
5319:bluduc1
5293:bluduc1
5242:Avibase
5218:Q420499
5157:Portals
5096:Spatula
5082:Matanas
5056:Anatini
4950:Mergini
4922:Nomonyx
4762:Biziura
4697:Tadorna
4652:Neochen
4577:Cairina
4410:Asiavis
4174:Sinanas
3714:Anseres
3646:Anhimae
3551:Eonessa
3172:Class:
2998:kērangi
2873:kaoriki
2847:Extinct
2663:ranguru
2314:tokoeka
2227:Wrybill
2078:pāpango
2027:koekoeā
1974:Fantail
1756:Bibcode
1727:Bibcode
1546:5 March
1415:Bibcode
1168:4087184
742:by the
616:endemic
612:species
498:Mathews
444:by its
437:tribe.
431:Anatini
406:malakos
394:humenos
343:in his
307:Anatini
218:, 1789)
165:Genus:
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
5469:143780
5456:423364
5427:NZOR:
5417:NZBO:
5410:337036
5384:175226
5283:112873
5116:Aythya
5072:Mareca
5021:Mergus
4929:Oxyura
4676:Radjah
4480:Cygnus
4427:Branta
3980:Cayaoa
3699:Chauna
3682:Anhima
3478:Wilaru
3040:ōiruki
2976:whēkau
2885:koreke
2861:piopio
2617:karure
2506:Matapo
2428:mātātā
2365:kororā
2348:tawaki
2333:Kākāpō
2174:Tomtit
2143:tauhou
2097:Pūkeko
2034:Kererū
2015:kōtare
1943:weweia
1919:pāteke
1907:pipipi
1869:Common
1611:
1579:
1569:
1384:
1320:1 July
1303:
1221:
1211:
1181:29 May
1166:
1056:
1025:1 July
982:1 July
936:1 July
904:1 July
822:5 June
755:stoats
734:Status
718:, and
658:mayfly
632:larvae
614:is an
540:outer
398:laimos
294:family
178:, 1843
5510:Ducks
5443:70486
5366:IRMNG
5358:72936
5314:eBird
5306:3NJWW
5290:BOW:
5257:21243
5171:Birds
4846:Netta
4390:Anser
3603:Peioa
3179:Clade
3098:poūwa
2849:birds
2743:Toroa
2731:birds
2704:tāiko
2687:papua
2675:parea
2646:tōrea
2629:toroa
2605:birds
2590:mōhua
2554:tīeke
2542:tīeke
2326:hoiho
2290:roroa
2266:roroa
2254:birds
2155:tōrea
2039:Pipit
1871:birds
1702:(PDF)
1695:(PDF)
1622:(PDF)
1605:(PDF)
1314:(PDF)
1293:(PDF)
1175:(PDF)
1164:JSTOR
1142:(PDF)
763:trout
610:This
446:Māori
390:humēn
363:genus
287:goose
5405:NCBI
5392:IUCN
5379:ITIS
5340:GBIF
5278:BOLD
5065:Anas
3272:see
3245:see
3218:see
3174:Aves
3052:moho
2892:Huia
2578:hihi
2440:Kākā
2416:whio
2404:kakī
2355:Weka
2302:rowi
2208:tara
1710:2007
1668:2018
1630:2011
1609:ISBN
1577:OCLC
1567:ISBN
1548:2022
1518:2021
1487:2014
1457:2015
1382:ISBN
1359:2017
1322:2022
1301:ISBN
1256:2020
1219:OCLC
1209:ISBN
1183:2016
1094:2014
1054:ISBN
1027:2022
984:2022
938:2022
906:2022
824:2023
816:2022
744:IUCN
626:Diet
553:Song
486:Two
367:Anas
291:swan
289:and
283:duck
273:whio
267:The
139:Aves
25:WHIO
5327:EoL
5301:CoL
4731:Aix
2902:Moa
2445:Kea
2186:Tūī
1764:doi
1735:doi
1723:141
1656:152
1423:doi
1156:doi
1152:103
1147:Auk
1050:239
1046:198
968:doi
476:-oh
474:FEE
355:'s
271:or
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