263:, wherein it is defined not by closed and determinate activity but by cohesion through affective potential. A body without organs can consist of many different actions that approach an unattainable goal, many of which are the activities of assemblages that people unconsciously create and are always engaged in; to become a body without organs, one must dispose of stratification (the classification of constituent parts into groups), and instead give way to what Deleuze and Guattari described as an immanent "becoming" of pure intensity. The body without organs is not necessarily coupled with the eradication of stratification, but rather encourages the creation of a "smooth space", immanently transforming the body beyond its existing categorization.
146:. Referring to his ideal for man as a philosophical subject, he wrote in its epilogue that "When you will have made him a body without organs, then you will have delivered him from all his automatic reactions and restored him to his true freedom." Artaud is regarded as having viewed the body as an impermanent, composite image of actions inflicted upon a vulnerable and repressive physical structure; in a 1933 letter, he wrote that bodies should be understood only as "provisional stratifications of states of life".
182:
352:
The body without organs is at once material abstraction, and the concretely hypostasized differential terrain which is nothing other than what is instantaneously shared by difference. The body without organs is pure surface, because it is the mere coherence of differential web, but it is also the
282:
are examples they give of bodies without organs, but they caution against replicating their actions; people should not seek out their negative experiences, which are "catatonicized" and "vitrified". While these examples are said to have abandoned stratification, they never intensified, which makes
245:—in the case of nonhuman life such as plants and animals, their genetic instincts variably control what actions they take—the body without organs is the inevitable, unconstrained manifestation of those inclinations or desires that may take upon unprecedented forms. The concept of the body that the
290:
Two important examples of the body without organs relate to eggs. As a bird egg develops, it is nothing but the dispersion of protein gradients, which have varying intensities and have no apparent structure; for
Deleuze and Guattari, a bird egg is an instance of life "before the formation of the
27:
303:" (an intensive interior), similar to a bird egg. According to Deleuze and Guattari, the Dogon egg is an intensive body, crossed with several zig-zagging lines of vibration, changing its shape as it develops without being compartmentalized through organs.
361:—within which experiential time is a profusion of indeterminate states, corresponding both to the schizophrenic consciousness and to the dissipation of matter through death; this lineage also includes Spinoza's substance, Kant's "pure apperception",
283:
their bodies without organs vulnerable to re-stratification. They classify bodies without organs into three categories: The empty BwO is chaotic and undifferentiated because it undergoes destratification without intensification; the full BwO is a "
287:" because it is both destratified and intensified, which allows it to enter new relationships; meanwhile, the cancerous BwO is too stratified and becomes "majoritarian", having predetermined objectives that eliminate the body's potential.
316:. Deleuze and Guattari were unsure whether they referred to the same concept when using the term; scholars of Deleuze and Guattari have also expressed "little to no agreement" on the term, according to philosopher Ian Buchanan.
221:
and simultaneously limits the possible activities of its constituent parts, or organs. The body without organs is the sum total intensive and affective activity of the full potential for the body and its constituent parts.
129:
process of the body is that it is limited by its organization and more so by its organs. There are three types of the body without organs; the empty, the full, and the cancerous, according to what the body has achieved.
311:
The body without organs remains one of
Deleuze and Guattari's more ambiguous concepts and terms; over the course of their careers, the term changed in meaning and was used synonymously with others, such as the
169:
where syllables are formlessly uttered and intoned in sets as if they were words. For
Deleuze, glossolalia transforms words from having instrumental value, where words have literal meaning, to "
161:, observing that the practice as it existed refused the thorough creation of BwOs. In Deleuze's early formulations of the concept, the body without organs was based in the symptoms related to
357:
Similarly, in his 1995 essay "Cybergothic", Land identified the body without organs as a concept in the lineage of representations of "death as time-in-itself"—or "degree 0" of an intensive
1675:
1580:
348:) as a model of death with an infinite capacity for dispersion of its elements. For instance, in the conclusion of his 1993 essay "Art as Insurrection", he writes:
1193:
333:, who was reliant on the work of Deleuze and Guattari in his theoretical work of the 1990s, used the concept of the body without organs in relation to his "
1367:
1921:
213:. In both books, the abstract body is defined as a self-regulating process—created by the relation between an abstract machine and a machinic
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Buchanan, Ian (2015). "The 'structural necessity' of the body without organs". In
Buchanan, Ian; Matts, Tim; Tynan, Aidan (eds.).
1965:
1559:
82:— without organizational structures imposed on its constituent parts, operating freely. The term was first used by French writer
1640:
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950:
Carrier, Ronald M. (May 1998). "The ontological significance of
Deleuze and Guattari's concept of the body without organs".
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1668:
1703:
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98:
912:
Brenner, Leon S. (2021). "Is the autistic body a body without organs?". In McLaughlin, Becky R.; Daffron, Eric (eds.).
1970:
1938:
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1213:
1861:
1819:
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Albertsen, Niels; Diken, BĂĽlent (2006). "Society with/out organs". In
Fuglsang, Martin; Sørensen, Bent Meier (eds.).
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1980:
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strata", since changes in the qualitative elements of the egg will emerge as a changed organism. Relatedly, in the
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Markula, Pirkko (February 2006). "Deleuze and the body without organs: Disreading the fit feminine identity".
1123:
Holland, Eugene W. (2008). "Schizoanalysis, nomadology, fascism". In
Buchanan, Ian; Thoburn, Nicholas (eds.).
1287:
Smith, Daniel (March 2018). "What is the body without organs? Machine and organism in
Deleuze and Guattari".
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Whitlock, Matthew G. (2020). "The wrong side out with(out) God: An autopsy of the body without organs".
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1932:
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125:
express potential forms and functions of the body that demand it to be liberated, the reality of the
114:
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344:. In his philosophy, the body without organs is defined by Land (alongside Deleuze and Guattari in
209:
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and not written", creating—in the case of language—lingual and verbal bodies without organs.
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110:
185:
The development of a bird egg; the egg is a prominent figure of the body without organs in
113:
in psychoanalysis, Deleuze and
Guattari theorized that since the conscious and unconscious
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26:
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31:
96:, and ambiguously expanded upon by himself and Guattari in both volumes of their work
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67:
1676:
The
Intellectuals and Power: A Discussion Between Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault
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963:
402:
292:
203:
79:
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166:
126:
106:
1088:
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386:
374:
181:
20:
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1167:
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1439:
334:
330:
296:
118:
1329:
249:
refers to inherits elements from both the concept of substance proposed by
1229:
1159:
883:
Bazzano, Manu (3 July 2021). "The body-without-organs: A user's manual".
234:
1175:
1143:
1429:
1031:
999:
226:
241:", that since all organisms have some sort of abstract inclination or
1039:
Demers, Jason (August 2006). "Re-membering the body without organs".
138:
The phrase "body without organs" was first used by the French writer
1939:
A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity
1015:
157:; here, he conceptualized the body without organs in the context of
180:
25:
153:, inspired both by Artaud's text and the work of psychotherapist
1349:
34:
diagram of the social dynamic of the body without organs, from
193:
The concept of the body without organs was mainly defined by
78:. The concept describes the unregulated potential of a body—
105:
Stemming from the general abstract notion of the body in
1191:
Land, Nick (2011). Brassier, Ray; Mackay, Robin (eds.).
1070:"The ill-health assemblage: Beyond the body-with-organs"
977:
International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies
723:
721:
719:
666:
664:
651:
649:
1214:"Deleuze, Haraway, and the radical democracy of desire"
1732:
Périclès et Verdi: La philosophie de Francois Châtelet
1106:
Sonic Warfare: Sound, Affect, and the Ecology of Fear
1913:
1783:
1590:
1528:
1387:
914:
The body in theory: Essays after Lacan and Foucault
885:
European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling
1813:L'inconscient machinique. Essais de Schizoanalyse
952:Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology
706:
1361:
8:
1194:Fanged Noumena: Collected Writings 1987-2007
933:Deleuze and the schizoanalysis of literature
253:and the concept of "intensive magnitude" in
217:—that maintains itself through processes of
61:
55:
1368:
1354:
1346:
1834:Pratique de l'institutionnel et politique
988:
1767:Desert Islands and Other Texts 1953-1974
1000:"A thousand trails to work with Deleuze"
916:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
799:
787:
763:
580:
568:
556:
544:
540:
70:used in the work of French philosophers
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429:
90:, later adapted by Deleuze in his book
751:
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524:
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369:, and most notably, American novelist
299:, where the universe is an "intensive
1697:Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation
775:
710:
604:
472:
144:To Have Done With the Judgment of God
88:To Have Done With the Judgment of God
7:
1753:Bartleby, la formula della creazione
1655:Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza
823:
811:
297:an egg that encompasses the universe
847:: A critical introduction and guide
628:
616:
436:These categories were developed in
266:The bodies—not merely physical but
19:For the Swedish musical group, see
1247:Journal of Sport and Social Issues
171:values which are exclusively tonic
149:Deleuze reinterpreted the term in
14:
1725:The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque
973:"Art practice as possible worlds"
225:Deleuze and Guattari presume, in
197:in the two volumes of their work
1760:Pure Immanence: Essays on a Life
1560:Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature
971:Clark, Vanessa (16 April 2012).
1862:Cartographies schizoanalytiques
1820:L’intervention institutionnelle
1641:Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty
998:Colombat, André Pierre (1991).
1922:L'Abécédaire de Gilles Deleuze
1848:Molecular Revolution in Brazil
1792:Psychanalyse et transversalité
1127:. Edinburgh University Press.
964:10.1080/00071773.1998.11665445
868:. Edinburgh University Press.
849:. Edinburgh University Press.
295:culture, there is a belief in
1:
1669:Spinoza: Practical Philosophy
1529:Works by Deleuze and Guattari
1289:Continental Philosophy Review
1068:Fox, Nick J (December 2011).
897:10.1080/13642537.2021.1961833
142:in his 1947 text for a play,
1746:Essays Critical and Clinical
1704:Cinema 1: The Movement Image
1537:Capitalism and Schizophrenia
1318:Deleuze and Guattari Studies
990:10.18357/ijcyfs32-3201210866
199:Capitalism and Schizophrenia
187:Capitalism and Schizophrenia
99:Capitalism and Schizophrenia
1599:Empiricism and Subjectivity
1574:Nomadology: The War Machine
2004:
1613:Kant's Critical Philosophy
1089:10.5172/hesr.2011.20.4.359
707:Albertsen & Diken 2006
384:
233:'s radical departure from
18:
1648:Difference and Repetition
1606:Nietzsche and Philosophy
1510:Transcendental empiricism
1301:10.1007/s11007-016-9406-0
1142:Kaufman, Eleanor (2004).
1053:10.1080/09697250601029333
239:Darwin among the Machines
1711:Cinema 2: The Time-Image
1259:10.1177/0193723505282469
1197:. MIT Press; Urbanomic.
1966:Concepts in metaphysics
1212:Leston, Robert (2015).
1104:Goodman, Steve (2010).
1077:Health Sociology Review
843:Deleuze and Guattari's
260:Critique of Pure Reason
1897:The Anti-Ĺ’dipus Papers
1774:Two Regimes of Madness
1330:10.3366/dlgs.2020.0414
935:. London: Bloomsbury.
866:Deleuze and the social
841:Adkins, Brent (2015).
355:
342:continental philosophy
340:" reinterpretation of
190:
62:
56:
39:
1806:Desire and Revolution
1388:Concepts and theories
1230:10.1353/con.2015.0023
1160:10.1353/crt.2005.0016
385:Further information:
350:
184:
80:not necessarily human
29:
16:Concept in philosophy
1933:Deleuze and Guattari
1904:Chaos and Complexity
1799:Molecular Revolution
1495:Societies of control
1480:Reterritorialization
1420:Deterritorialization
1274:Murphy, Jay (2015).
1125:Deleuze and politics
709:, pp. 231–232;
559:, pp. 518, 520.
419:Notes and references
329:English philosopher
285:plane of consistency
195:Deleuze and Guattari
1890:The Guattari Reader
1855:The Three Ecologies
1581:What Is Philosophy?
1551:A Thousand Plateaus
1465:Molar configuration
1445:Immanent evaluation
1415:Desiring-production
1410:Body without organs
1276:"The Artaud effect"
845:A thousand plateaus
826:, pp. 369–370.
814:, pp. 171–172.
742:, pp. 101–102.
631:, pp. 360–361.
607:, pp. 106–107.
571:, pp. 517–518.
487:, pp. 100–102.
438:A Thousand Plateaus
398:Desiring-production
247:body without organs
210:A Thousand Plateaus
44:body without organs
1971:Process philosophy
1841:Communists Like Us
1827:Les années d'hiver
1662:The Logic of Sense
1515:Univocity of being
1475:Plane of immanence
408:Plane of immanence
381:In popular culture
314:plane of immanence
191:
151:The Logic of Sense
93:The Logic of Sense
57:corps sans organes
40:
1948:
1947:
1784:Works by Guattari
1282:(Theorizing 21C).
1115:978-0-262-01347-5
697:, pp. 76–77.
499:, pp. 38–42.
86:in his 1947 play
1993:
1883:Soft Subversions
1620:Proust and Signs
1591:Works by Deleuze
1505:Subjectification
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1144:"Betraying well"
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353:source of depth
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32:schizoanalytical
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320:Interpretations
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5:
2001:
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1997:
1989:
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1986:Gilles Deleuze
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1981:FĂ©lix Guattari
1978:
1976:Counterculture
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1961:Antonin Artaud
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1914:Related topics
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1324:(3): 507–532.
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1218:Configurations
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778:, p. 106.
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371:William Gibson
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280:hypochondriacs
272:schizophrenics
251:Baruch Spinoza
227:a continuation
178:
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159:psychoanalysis
140:Antonin Artaud
135:
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84:Antonin Artaud
76:FĂ©lix Guattari
72:Gilles Deleuze
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1450:Individuation
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1298:
1295:(1): 95–110.
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978:
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852:
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844:
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838:
833:
825:
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817:
813:
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802:, p. 26.
801:
800:Buchanan 2015
796:
793:
790:, p. 25.
789:
788:Buchanan 2015
784:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:Buchanan 2015
760:
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685:, p. 42.
684:
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673:, p. 40.
672:
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658:, p. 38.
657:
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625:
622:
618:
613:
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595:, p. 42.
594:
589:
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582:
581:Whitlock 2020
577:
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570:
569:Whitlock 2020
565:
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558:
557:Whitlock 2020
553:
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546:
545:Whitlock 2020
542:
541:Colombat 1991
538:
533:
530:
526:
521:
518:
515:, p. 42.
514:
510:
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373:'s notion of
372:
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363:Sigmund Freud
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255:Immanuel Kant
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231:Samuel Butler
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206:
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172:
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163:schizophrenia
160:
156:
155:Gisela Pankow
152:
147:
145:
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133:
131:
128:
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123:schizophrenia
120:
116:
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108:
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101:
100:
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94:
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81:
77:
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69:
68:fuzzy concept
64:
58:
53:
49:
45:
37:
33:
28:
22:
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1739:Negotiations
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1597:
1579:
1572:
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1558:
1549:
1544:Anti-Oedipus
1542:
1535:
1470:Multiplicity
1409:
1321:
1317:
1292:
1288:
1279:
1253:(1): 29–44.
1250:
1246:
1221:
1217:
1192:
1151:
1147:
1124:
1105:
1080:
1076:
1044:
1040:
1010:(3): 10–23.
1007:
1003:
983:(2–3): 198.
980:
976:
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951:
932:
913:
888:
884:
865:
846:
842:
834:Bibliography
819:
807:
795:
783:
772:Kaufman 2004
768:Carrier 1998
759:
747:
735:
702:
695:Holland 2008
690:
683:Markula 2006
678:
671:Markula 2006
656:Markula 2006
641:Goodman 2010
636:
624:
612:
600:
593:Brenner 2021
588:
576:
564:
552:
537:Bazzano 2021
532:
520:
513:Brenner 2021
509:Bazzano 2021
504:
497:Markula 2006
492:
485:Goodman 2010
480:
468:
456:
437:
432:
403:Latent space
367:death drives
356:
351:
346:Anti-Oedipus
345:
328:
310:
300:
289:
276:drug addicts
267:
265:
258:
246:
242:
224:
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204:Anti-Oedipus
202:
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137:
104:
97:
91:
87:
47:
43:
41:
36:Anti-Oedipus
35:
1400:Arborescent
752:Leston 2015
740:Adkins 2015
728:Adkins 2015
525:Murphy 2015
461:Demers 2006
219:homeostasis
167:glossolalia
127:homeostatic
111:unconscious
107:metaphysics
1955:Categories
1634:Bergsonism
1425:Difference
1405:Assemblage
776:Smith 2018
711:Clark 2012
605:Smith 2018
473:Clark 2012
387:BWO (band)
375:cyberspace
215:assemblage
165:, such as
134:Background
109:, and the
21:BWO (band)
1876:Chaosophy
1869:Chaosmose
1683:Dialogues
1627:Nietzsche
1440:Haecceity
1338:225487537
1309:254800444
1267:144934352
1238:146714920
1184:258105122
1168:0011-1589
1148:Criticism
1097:144369239
1061:144031891
1024:0049-2426
1004:SubStance
905:238794978
824:Land 2011
812:Land 2011
448:Citations
359:continuum
331:Nick Land
325:Nick Land
307:Ambiguity
268:intensive
119:psychosis
115:fantasies
1718:Foucault
1460:Minority
1176:23127250
1041:Angelaki
629:Fox 2011
617:Fox 2011
392:See also
235:vitalism
1567:Rhizome
1520:Virtual
1485:Rhizome
1430:Erewhon
1280:CTheory
1032:3685176
301:spatium
66:) is a
1500:Socius
1395:Affect
1336:
1307:
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1182:
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1166:
1131:
1112:
1095:
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920:
903:
872:
853:
338:gothic
278:, and
243:desire
52:French
1435:Event
1334:S2CID
1305:S2CID
1263:S2CID
1234:S2CID
1180:S2CID
1172:JSTOR
1093:S2CID
1073:(PDF)
1057:S2CID
1028:JSTOR
901:S2CID
424:Notes
335:cyber
293:Dogon
229:from
177:Usage
1199:ISBN
1164:ISSN
1129:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1020:ISSN
937:ISBN
918:ISBN
870:ISBN
851:ISBN
270:—of
237:in "
207:and
121:and
74:and
46:(or
42:The
1326:doi
1297:doi
1255:doi
1226:doi
1156:doi
1085:doi
1049:doi
1012:doi
985:doi
960:doi
893:doi
365:'s
257:'s
117:in
102:.
63:CsO
60:or
48:BwO
1957::
1379:–
1332:.
1322:14
1320:.
1303:.
1293:51
1291:.
1278:.
1261:.
1251:30
1249:.
1232:.
1222:23
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1178:.
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1008:20
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1002:.
979:.
975:.
956:29
954:.
899:.
889:23
887:.
718:^
663:^
648:^
377:.
274:,
201:,
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50:;
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987::
981:3
966:.
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907:.
895::
878:.
859:.
527:.
440:.
189:.
38:.
23:.
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