31:
869:. The language guarantees that any two true values will compare equal (which was impossible to achieve before the introduction of the type). Boolean values still behave as integers, can be stored in integer variables, and used anywhere integers would be valid, including in indexing, arithmetic, parsing, and formatting. This approach (
1613:
data type. In Access it is known as a Yes/No data type which can have two values; Yes (True) or No (False). The BIT data type in Access can also can be represented numerically; True is −1 and False is 0. This differs to MS SQL Server in two ways, even though both are
Microsoft products:
836:(1989), many C programmers got used to defining their own Boolean types as such, for readability reasons. However, enumerated types are equivalent to integers according to the language standards; so the effective identity between Booleans and integers is still valid for C programs.
1719:
has no
Boolean type, it uses regular integers: value 0 (all bits low) represents false, and -1 (all bits high) represents true. This allows the language to define only one set of logical operators, instead of one for mathematical calculations and one for conditions.
1479:, Boolean value is not supported at all, neither as a standalone data type nor representable as an integer. It shows the error message "An expression of non-Boolean type specified in a context where a condition is expected" if a column is directly used in the
1938:
910:
value can be implicitly converted to any integral type, with false becoming 0 and true becoming 1. The numeric literals 0 and 1 can be implicitly converted to the bool values false and true, respectively. Casting an expression to
906:
type is a byte-sized type that can only hold the value true or false. The only operators that can accept operands of type bool are: &, |, ^, &=, |=, ^=, !, &&, || and ?:. A
1930:
1237:, etc.) are considered Boolean false; all other values are considered Boolean true by default. Classes can define how their instances are treated in a Boolean context through the special method
883:, but with automatic conversions from scalar and pointer values that are very similar to those of C. This approach was adopted also by many later languages, especially by some
1899:
1417:
values. However, if it is nullable, which is the default like all other SQL data types, it can have the special null value also. Although the SQL standard defines three
441:
461:
401:
2314:
481:
421:
2328:
2265:
185:), or as a bit string of length one, which can store only two values. The implementation of Booleans in computers are most likely represented as a full
2096:
753:
type had all the facilities which were available for enumerated types in general, such as ordering and use as indices. In contrast, converting between
2665:
181:, etc., treat any non-zero value as true. Indeed, a Boolean variable may be regarded (and implemented) as a numerical variable with one binary digit (
3036:
2670:
2243:
1863:
2660:
2655:
2390:
2200:
2164:
829:
2290:
2643:
2544:
1229:
of 1 and 0 respectively and behave as such in arithmetic contexts. Also, a numeric value of zero (integer or fractional), the null value (
873:) has been retained in all later versions of C. Note, that this does not mean that any integer value can be stored in a Boolean variable.
2454:
1988:
75:
1840:
1802:
346:
can store all logical values resulting from the evaluation of predicates in SQL. A column of
Boolean type can be restricted to just
2074:
1441:"may be used interchangeably to mean exactly the same thing". This has caused some controversy because the identification subjects
487:
limits on many computers of the time, however, most compilers used alternative representations for many of the operators, such as
1896:
1249:(the special method for determining the length of containers) is used if the explicit Boolean conversion method is not defined.
2794:
2911:
2716:
2648:
2610:
1418:
770:
531:
74:, who first defined an algebraic system of logic in the mid 19th century. The Boolean data type is primarily associated with
2430:
192:
Most programming languages, even those with no explicit
Boolean type, have support for Boolean algebraic operations such as
1729:
1202:
714:
674:
519:
107:
2131:
2811:
2741:
2589:
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308:
186:
3066:
2044:
1253:
1210:
950:
615:
527:
288:
142:
111:
757:
s and integers (or any other types) still required explicit tests or function calls, as in ALGOL 60. This approach (
2821:
2689:
1781:
1118:
has no separate
Boolean type. Like in C, the integers 0 (false) and 1 (true—in fact any nonzero integer) are used.
1018:
766:
523:
154:
2999:
2951:
2863:
2841:
2836:
2764:
2630:
1749:
997:
3097:
3087:
2873:
2537:
1325:
Booleans. As opposed to Python, empty containers (Arrays, Maps, Sets) are considered truthy. Languages such as
840:
782:
726:
2219:
3026:
2941:
2103:
1310:
745:. By definition, all comparisons, logical operations, and conditional statements applied to and/or yielded
550:
statement takes an arithmetic expression and branches to one of three locations according to its sign; see
2769:
2625:
2584:
2579:
1739:
1606:
1025:
evaluates to false, whereas every other data type value evaluates to true. This includes the empty string
915:
means testing for 0 or !=0 for arithmetic types, and null or !=null for pointers or references.
895:
2503:
2759:
2734:
2014:
685:, even ones having a distinct Boolean type or Boolean values; although which values are interpreted as
2235:
785:(1972) provided no Boolean type, and to this day Boolean values are commonly represented by integers (
546:(1957) and its successor FORTRAN II (1958) have no logical values or operations; even the conditional
2561:
2398:
1856:
1786:
1476:
103:
1536:, is commonly used as a workaround to store Boolean values, but workarounds need to be used such as
976:
has no
Boolean data type. Instead, any value can behave as Boolean in Boolean context (condition of
3092:
3031:
3009:
2936:
2789:
2781:
2701:
2530:
933:, equivalents of true and false respectively. Also, in Objective-C compilers that support C99, C's
503:
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209:
193:
115:
91:
1916:
3014:
2994:
2946:
2921:
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1734:
884:
682:
331:
2412:
1353:
clause, in form of predicate which is produced by using operators such as comparison operators,
1048:
has no
Boolean data type. Instead, comparison operators generate BIT(1) values; '0'B represents
189:, rather than a bit; this is usually due to the ways computers transfer blocks of information.
2831:
2806:
2620:
2615:
2308:
2196:
2190:
2160:
1836:
1798:
554:. FORTRAN IV (1962), however, follows the ALGOL 60 example by providing a Boolean data type (
426:
2478:
2154:
1832:
1822:
1794:
446:
386:
3046:
2931:
2729:
2376:
2036:
1690:
1602:
296:
150:
39:
1984:
1021:
has a
Boolean data type, but non-Boolean values can also behave as Booleans. The non-value
466:
406:
3051:
2916:
2868:
2801:
2223:
1903:
1828:
1772:
1753:
1344:
1322:
1234:
718:
67:
2066:
1390:
operators which evaluate a predicate, which predated the introduction of
Boolean type in
3004:
2826:
2816:
2724:
1776:
1609:(ACE/JET), also does not have a Boolean data type. Similar to MS SQL Server, it uses a
2352:
2216:
1087:
has no
Boolean data type. Instead, comparison operators generate 0 or 1; 0 represents
3081:
2926:
1818:
1790:
551:
484:
618:(1958) never had a built-in Boolean data type. Instead, conditional constructs like
2883:
2858:
1960:
852:
639:
241:
127:
79:
71:
30:
1068:, are converted to bit strings and the operations are performed on each bit. The
3061:
3056:
2906:
2853:
2680:
1348:
1318:
918:
670:
146:
59:
2391:"MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 12.1.1 Numeric Type Overview"
1708:
function converts a Boolean to a number, returning 1 for True and 0 for False.
697:
value is an atom distinct from the empty list, so the latter is interpreted as
2966:
2961:
2878:
2846:
2751:
2694:
2127:
1636:
type as in the standard, which allows predicates to be stored directly into a
1629:
1458:
1374:
1338:
1276:
678:
335:
169:
are defined to have value 1 if true and 0 if false, whereas the test parts of
131:
3041:
3019:
2976:
2971:
2638:
2594:
2553:
2040:
1457:. As of 2012 few major SQL systems implement the T031 feature. Firebird and
507:
292:
153:
for false, and any other value for true. The C programming language uses an
47:
17:
761:) was adopted by most later languages which had enumerated types, such as
2956:
2413:"MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 9.1.6 Boolean Literals"
1391:
938:
515:
372:
339:
265:
1339:
Null (SQL) § Comparisons with NULL and the three-valued logic (3VL)
737:
data type was then provided as a predefined enumerated type with values
543:
1682:
is the same is integer 0. Any non-zero integer is true in conditions.
1298:
833:
762:
730:
511:
342:) is also defined to include more than two truth values, so that SQL
138:
1625:
Access does not support the Null tri-state, supported by SQL Server
876:
801:) result, either 0 (for false) or 1 (for true). Logical operators (
646:. For convenience, most modern dialects of Lisp predefine the atom
86:
evaluates to true or false. It is a special case of a more general
1652:
722:
63:
29:
367:
One of the earliest programming languages to provide an explicit
2574:
1084:
1045:
973:
606:') is provided for the parsing or formatting of logical values.
2526:
1409:
behaves like Booleans in other languages, which can store only
2569:
1401:
data type as an optional feature (T031). When restricted by a
1326:
1292:
1115:
888:
844:
701:. Common Lisp, on the other hand, also provides the dedicated
327:
182:
2522:
1857:"Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68, Section 10.2.2"
1472:
The treatment of Boolean values differs between SQL systems.
334:
for explicit comparisons because of its special treatment of
2010:
1532:
data type, which can only store integers 0 and 1 apart from
693:
vary from language to language. In Scheme, for example, the
145:, may still represent truth values by some other data type.
134:
commands may be defined to test Boolean-valued expressions.
1693:
has a BOOLEAN data type. The literal of a Boolean value is
821:) assume that zero is false and all other values are true.
1461:
are notable exceptions, although PostgreSQL implements no
1445:
to the equality comparison rules for NULL. More precisely
2156:
SQL and Relational Theory: How to Write Accurate SQL Code
1268:; all else (including the integer 0 and empty arrays) is
1217:, the standard integer type. It has two possible values:
510:
was adopted by many later programming languages, such as
570:
statement, Boolean-valued numeric comparison operators (
1599:
to convert between the integer and Boolean expression.
1369:, these operators can also yield a third state, called
721:, previously available with different nomenclature in
630:, which is defined to be the same as the special atom
78:
statements, which allow different actions by changing
717:(1970) popularized the concept of programmer-defined
469:
449:
429:
409:
389:
50:
that has one of two possible values (usually denoted
2291:"SQL data types (Access desktop database reference)"
82:
depending on whether a programmer-specified Boolean
2985:
2894:
2780:
2750:
2715:
2603:
2560:
1889:
DECSystem10 FORTRAN IV Programmers Reference Manual
1660:
1537:
1505:
1484:
1446:
137:Languages with no explicit Boolean data type, like
2236:"PostgreSQL: Documentation: 10: 8.6. Boolean Type"
1233:), the empty string, and empty containers (lists,
475:
455:
435:
415:
395:
2329:"Introduction to data types and field properties"
705:type, derived as a specialization of the symbol.
797:, etc.) are defined to return a signed integer (
2479:"Boolean makes Tableau faster - true or false?"
2192:Introduction to Databases With Web Applications
1015:evaluate to false. All else evaluates to true.
126:are usually defined to return a Boolean value.
90:logic does not always need to be Boolean (see
1824:ANSI and ISO Standard C Programmer's reference
2538:
1985:"perlsyn - Perl Syntax / Truth and Falsehood"
8:
1190:The above will render an error, as variable
789:s) in C programs. The comparison operators (
2313:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
681:), and similar models were adopted by many
602:statements, a specific format descriptor ('
319:, respectively, so there is no one Boolean
106:with a built-in Boolean data type, such as
2545:
2531:
2523:
2266:"Migrate an Access database to SQL Server"
2217:Survey of BOOLEAN data type implementation
813:, etc.) and condition-testing statements (
383:and logical operators denoted by symbols '
2195:. Pearson Education Canada. p. 197.
937:type can be used, since Objective-C is a
468:
448:
428:
408:
388:
58:) which is intended to represent the two
27:Data having only values "true" or "false"
1622:as −1, while it is 1 in SQL Server
781:Initial implementations of the language
667:any value can be used as a Boolean value
157:type, where relational expressions like
1764:
658:can be used as a mnemonic notation for
338:, the Boolean data type (introduced in
2306:
921:also has a separate Boolean data type
857:, one can use the more intuitive name
669:) was retained in most Lisp dialects (
1941:from the original on 7 September 2011
1163:since the expression evaluates to 1.
830:American National Standards Institute
161:and logical expressions connected by
7:
2455:"Formatting Calculations in Tableau"
1644:column directly as a predicate in a
2353:"Boolean Data - MS-Access Tutorial"
2159:. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 83.
2097:"ECMAScript Language Specification"
1991:from the original on 26 August 2013
1397:The SQL:1999 standard introduced a
1076:statement is true if any bit is 1.
363:ALGOL and the built-in BOOLEAN type
46:(sometimes shortened to Bool) is a
2134:from the original on 17 March 2011
2128:"The Elements of JavaScript Style"
2017:from the original on 28 March 2018
1317:) to distinguish between strictly
1260:(Ruby's null value) and a special
1205:, from version 2.3 forward, has a
1033:, which are very often considered
847:) provides a Boolean type, called
483:' (not). Due to input device and
470:
25:
2246:from the original on 9 March 2018
1869:from the original on 6 April 2008
879:has a separate Boolean data type
626:is represented by the empty list
358:Language-specific implementations
2077:from the original on 22 May 2013
871:Boolean values are just integers
578:, etc.), and logical operators (
2047:from the original on 1 May 2013
2041:"PEP 285 -- Adding a bool type"
2011:"PEP 285 -- Adding a bool type"
1893:Mathematical Languages Handbook
1887:Digital Equipment Corporation,
1194:cannot be evaluated as 0 or 1.
898:has a proper boolean data type
1965:W3Schools Online Web Tutorials
1384:IS (NOT) TRUE, IS (NOT) FALSE,
1382:The SQL92 standard introduced
1343:Booleans appear in SQL when a
622:assume that the logical value
1:
2611:Arbitrary-precision or bignum
1730:Boolean differential calculus
1678:is the same as integer 1 and
957:data type can only be either
925:, with possible values being
759:Boolean is an enumerated type
2504:"4. Decisions, Decisions..."
2102:. p. 43. Archived from
1717:Forth (programming language)
1504:, while a statement such as
1245:(Python 3). For containers,
1198:Python, Ruby, and JavaScript
2071:Python v3.3.2 documentation
1640:column, and allows using a
1528:yields a syntax error. The
777:C, C++, D, Objective-C, AWK
3114:
1782:The C Programming Language
1659:is treated as an alias of
1336:
1151:"V is 1 or true"
851:. By including the header
307:values belong to separate
2952:Strongly typed identifier
1750:True and false (commands)
1361:etc. However, apart from
1095:. The operands of, e.g.,
1056:. The operands of, e.g.,
506:or otherwise predefined)
2189:Martyn Prigmore (2007).
2179:ISO/IEC 9075-2:2011 §4.5
1931:"Guides and Sample Code"
1433:— it also says that the
1329:also use this approach.
1165:
1123:
1011:, and the special value
824:After enumerated types (
749:values. Otherwise, the
709:Pascal, Ada, and Haskell
436:{\displaystyle \supset }
287:In some languages, like
3027:Parametric polymorphism
1821:; Brodie, Jim (1992) .
1373:, when comparison with
984:statement, argument of
456:{\displaystyle \equiv }
396:{\displaystyle \wedge }
1607:Access Database Engine
896:D programming language
534:(2000), among others.
502:as a built-in (either
477:
463:' (equivalence), and '
457:
437:
417:
397:
35:
2333:support.microsoft.com
2270:support.microsoft.com
2130:. Douglas Crockford.
1469:can be used instead.
1305:are sometimes called
828:s) were added to the
542:The first version of
478:
476:{\displaystyle \neg }
458:
438:
418:
416:{\displaystyle \vee }
398:
104:programming languages
33:
1917:"CLHS: Type BOOLEAN"
1906:accessed 2011-11-16.
1787:Englewood Cliffs, NJ
1477:Microsoft SQL Server
1279:, the empty string (
1256:, in contrast, only
1159:The above will show
1121:Examples of coding:
1052:and '1'B represents
1037:in other languages.
992:, etc.). The number
638:; whereas any other
467:
447:
427:
407:
387:
116:comparison operators
70:. It is named after
3032:Primitive data type
2937:Recursive data type
2790:Algebraic data type
2666:Quadruple precision
1935:developer.apple.com
1740:Shannon's expansion
1347:is needed, such as
953:, the value of the
885:scripting languages
683:scripting languages
558:), truth literals (
498:This approach with
375:(1960) with values
92:probabilistic logic
2995:Abstract data type
2676:Extended precision
2635:Reduced precision
2379:. 27 October 2016.
2295:docs.microsoft.com
2240:www.postgresql.org
2222:2005-03-09 at the
1902:2011-08-14 at the
1773:Kernighan, Brian W
1745:Three-valued logic
1735:Flag (programming)
1618:Access represents
1405:constraint, a SQL
1107:, must be 0 or 1.
1070:element-expression
861:and the constants
642:is interpreted as
473:
453:
433:
413:
393:
332:three-valued logic
244:/non-equivalence (
88:logical data type—
36:
3075:
3074:
2807:Associative array
2671:Octuple precision
2202:978-0-321-26359-9
2166:978-1-4493-1640-2
2037:van Rossum, Guido
1777:Ritchie, Dennis M
1605:, which uses the
1447:UNKNOWN = UNKNOWN
1091:and 1 represents
1007:, the empty list
16:(Redirected from
3105:
3047:Type constructor
2932:Opaque data type
2864:Record or Struct
2661:Double precision
2656:Single precision
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2540:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2475:
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2468:
2466:
2465:
2459:help.tableau.com
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2435:help.tableau.com
2427:
2421:
2420:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2397:. Archived from
2387:
2381:
2380:
2373:
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2366:
2364:
2363:
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2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
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2180:
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2171:
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2153:C. Date (2011).
2150:
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2143:
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2117:
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2052:
2039:(3 April 2002).
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2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
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1951:
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1948:
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1879:
1878:
1876:
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1861:
1853:
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1785:(1st ed.).
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1691:Tableau Software
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1677:
1673:
1672:
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1666:
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1388:IS (NOT) UNKNOWN
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812:
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740:
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649:
637:
633:
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605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
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565:
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557:
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494:
490:
482:
480:
479:
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459:
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419:
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400:
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271:
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40:computer science
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3103:
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3098:Primitive types
3088:Boolean algebra
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3052:Type conversion
2987:
2981:
2917:Enumerated type
2890:
2776:
2770:null-terminated
2746:
2711:
2599:
2556:
2551:
2521:
2512:
2510:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2488:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2361:
2359:
2357:sourcedaddy.com
2351:
2350:
2346:
2337:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2224:Wayback Machine
2214:
2210:
2203:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1967:
1961:"Java Booleans"
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1904:Wayback Machine
1891:. Reprinted in
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:. August 1968.
1859:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1829:Microsoft Press
1817:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1754:shell scripting
1726:
1714:
1705:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:has a distinct
1619:
1610:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1335:
1302:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1261:
1257:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1113:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1082:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1043:
1034:
1030:
1029:and the number
1026:
1022:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
971:
962:
958:
954:
947:
934:
930:
926:
922:
912:
907:
903:
899:
880:
866:
862:
858:
853:
848:
825:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
779:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
711:
702:
665:This approach (
655:
651:
647:
635:
631:
627:
619:
612:
610:Lisp and Scheme
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
547:
540:
499:
492:
488:
465:
464:
445:
444:
425:
424:
405:
404:
385:
384:
368:
365:
360:
351:
347:
330:, which uses a
316:
312:
281:
277:
273:
269:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
237:
233:
229:
221:
217:
213:
205:
201:
197:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
123:
119:
100:
68:Boolean algebra
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3111:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3080:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3012:
3007:
3005:Data structure
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2786:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2721:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2644:Half precision
2641:
2631:Floating point
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2520:
2519:
2495:
2470:
2446:
2422:
2404:
2401:on 2016-09-22.
2382:
2377:"Boolean Type"
2368:
2344:
2320:
2281:
2257:
2227:
2215:Troels Arvin,
2208:
2201:
2181:
2172:
2165:
2145:
2119:
2088:
2058:
2028:
2013:. 4 May 2011.
2002:
1976:
1952:
1922:
1908:
1897:Online version
1880:
1848:
1841:
1810:
1803:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1713:
1710:
1687:
1684:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1337:Main article:
1334:
1331:
1309:(of which the
1241:(Python 2) or
1199:
1196:
1166:
1161:V is 1 or true
1124:
1112:
1109:
1081:
1078:
1042:
1039:
970:
967:
946:
943:
832:version of C,
778:
775:
710:
707:
689:and which are
650:to have value
611:
608:
539:
536:
472:
452:
443:' (implies), '
432:
412:
392:
364:
361:
359:
356:
149:uses an empty
99:
96:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3110:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Function type
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2562:Uninterpreted
2559:
2555:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2484:
2483:TAR Solutions
2480:
2474:
2471:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2418:
2417:dev.mysql.com
2414:
2408:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2395:dev.mysql.com
2392:
2386:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2282:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2146:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2109:on 2015-04-12
2105:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2067:"Expressions"
2062:
2059:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1865:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1842:1-55615-359-7
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1804:0-13-110163-3
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:Prentice Hall
1788:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1702:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1654:
1649:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1483:clause, e.g.
1478:
1473:
1470:
1460:
1420:
1395:
1393:
1380:
1378:
1359:IS (NOT) NULL
1352:
1346:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1255:
1250:
1236:
1228:
1212:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1164:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1020:
1016:
999:
975:
968:
966:
952:
944:
942:
940:
920:
916:
897:
892:
890:
886:
878:
874:
872:
856:
846:
842:
837:
835:
831:
822:
784:
776:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
733:. A built-in
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
713:The language
708:
706:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
645:
641:
625:
617:
614:The language
609:
607:
553:
552:arithmetic IF
545:
537:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
496:
486:
485:character set
450:
430:
410:
390:
382:
378:
374:
371:data type is
362:
357:
355:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
267:
243:
227:
211:
195:
190:
188:
184:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
117:
113:
109:
105:
97:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
2901:
2832:Intersection
2511:. Retrieved
2509:. 2022-02-11
2506:
2498:
2487:. Retrieved
2485:. 2020-09-11
2482:
2473:
2462:. Retrieved
2458:
2449:
2438:. Retrieved
2434:
2431:"Data Types"
2425:
2416:
2407:
2399:the original
2394:
2385:
2371:
2360:. Retrieved
2356:
2347:
2336:. Retrieved
2332:
2323:
2298:. Retrieved
2294:
2284:
2273:. Retrieved
2269:
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2239:
2230:
2211:
2191:
2184:
2175:
2155:
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2122:
2111:. Retrieved
2104:the original
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2070:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2005:
1995:10 September
1993:. Retrieved
1979:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1934:
1925:
1911:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1851:
1823:
1813:
1780:
1767:
1715:
1704:The Tableau
1703:
1689:
1650:
1628:
1601:
1474:
1471:
1455:UNKNOWN/NULL
1435:NULL BOOLEAN
1427:TRUE, FALSE,
1396:
1381:
1342:
1319:type-checked
1314:
1306:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1251:
1226:
1225:, which are
1201:
1189:
1172:""
1158:
1120:
1114:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1069:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1017:
972:
969:Perl and Lua
948:
917:
893:
875:
870:
838:
823:
780:
758:
712:
698:
694:
690:
686:
666:
664:
659:
643:
640:s-expression
623:
613:
541:
530:(1995), and
497:
380:
376:
366:
343:
325:
320:
304:
300:
286:
242:exclusive or
191:
136:
101:
98:Generalities
87:
83:
80:control flow
72:George Boole
60:truth values
55:
51:
43:
37:
34:George Boole
18:Boolean type
3062:Type theory
3057:Type system
2907:Bottom type
2854:Option type
2795:generalized
2681:Long double
2626:Fixed point
1831:. pp.
1819:Plauger, PJ
1264:object are
1239:__nonzero__
919:Objective-C
671:Common Lisp
566:), logical
514:67 (1967),
226:equivalence
210:disjunction
194:conjunction
147:Common Lisp
128:Conditional
76:conditional
3093:Data types
3082:Categories
2967:Empty type
2962:Type class
2912:Collection
2869:Refinement
2847:metaobject
2695:signedness
2554:Data types
2513:2022-02-11
2489:2020-10-19
2464:2020-10-19
2440:2020-10-19
2362:2020-10-19
2338:2020-10-19
2300:2020-10-19
2289:o365devx.
2275:2020-10-19
2113:2011-03-12
1970:2021-02-17
1793:. p.
1760:References
1630:PostgreSQL
1459:PostgreSQL
1357:operator,
1311:complement
1277:JavaScript
986:&&
803:&&
679:Emacs Lisp
654:, so that
403:' (and), '
163:&&
3042:Subtyping
3037:Interface
3020:metaclass
2972:Unit type
2942:Semaphore
2922:Exception
2827:Inductive
2817:Dependent
2782:Composite
2760:Character
2742:Reference
2639:Minifloat
2595:Bit array
2507:Forth Inc
1465:literal;
1379:is made.
1345:condition
1289:undefined
854:stdbool.h
839:Standard
508:data type
504:primitive
471:¬
451:≡
431:⊃
423:' (or), '
411:∨
391:∧
293:Smalltalk
132:iterative
84:condition
48:data type
3067:Variable
2957:Top type
2822:Equality
2730:physical
2707:Rational
2702:Interval
2649:bfloat16
2309:cite web
2244:Archived
2220:Archived
2132:Archived
2075:Archived
2045:Archived
2021:28 March
2015:Archived
1989:Archived
1939:Archived
1900:Archived
1873:30 April
1864:Archived
1779:(1978).
1724:See also
1648:clause.
1421:for the
1419:literals
1403:NOT NULL
1392:SQL:1999
1243:__bool__
1211:subclass
939:superset
887:such as
526:(1980),
522:(1970),
518:(1970),
516:ALGOL 68
373:ALGOL 60
354:though.
344:Booleans
340:SQL:1999
311:, e.g.,
266:negation
159:i > j
118:such as
3010:Generic
2986:Related
2902:Boolean
2859:Product
2735:virtual
2725:Address
2717:Pointer
2690:Integer
2621:Decimal
2616:Complex
2604:Numeric
2138:5 March
1686:Tableau
1662:TINYINT
1657:BOOLEAN
1642:BOOLEAN
1638:BOOLEAN
1634:BOOLEAN
1463:UNKNOWN
1449:is not
1443:UNKNOWN
1439:UNKNOWN
1431:UNKNOWN
1425:type –
1423:BOOLEAN
1407:BOOLEAN
1399:BOOLEAN
1371:UNKNOWN
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