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352:, but brighter red and the black markings thinner in typical specimens. Easily recognized by the hindwing beneath, which is bright brick-red at the base, not brown as in selene, the median band bearing only one silver-spot (across the apex of the cell) and the incomplete silvery band in the distal area being replaced by some yellow smears without any silvery gloss. The silvery marginal spots of the hindwing beneath are but very rarely absent.
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in a shriveled leaf at the base of the plant, usually moving to the hibernation site at the end of July. The caterpillars lose half of their body mass by the time the emerge in the following March. After a period of feeding and growth, during which it moults one last time, the caterpillar is full
321:
The adult butterfly is orange with black spots on the upperside of its wing and has a wingspan of 38–46 mm. The underside of the wings have a row of silver-pearly markings along the edge, which give the species its name. The pearl-bordered fritillary is often confused with the
326:, but can be distinguished by the triangle along its pearl border (the small pearl-bordered has black chevrons) as well as the presence of a single silver spot in the middle of a row of yellow spots. The female has darker markings and rounder wings than the male. The
670:, although follow up management is required as extra bracken growth will be stimulated as a result. This will kill a proportion of invertebrates, and therefore only burning a proportion of the site, e.g., 20% is suggested.
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A network of paths running through bracken to open the canopy, allows sunlight through to help germinate any violet food plants. This can be achieved through grazing especially during winter and early spring.
663:/bugle), that provide nectar for the adult pearl-bordered fritillary. Another way of achieving this is by cutting and bruising the bracken, a proportion of the site at a time, during May and early June.
673:
Spraying can be useful for reducing high densities of bracken litter, but care should be taken to not severely reduce the density and allow the grass to develop, as this will harm the breeding habitat.
333:
Like other species of fritillary, the males have special scent glands on their wings so that they can be recognised by females of their own species and therefore find a suitable partner.
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The adult butterfly flies between late April and June, and is one of the earliest fritillaries to emerge. Adults feed on the nectar from early spring flowers such as
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and to the north of
Kazakhstan. In England and Wales (plus another 10 countries) it has declined rapidly in number and is a highly threatened species.
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as their extra weight helps to trample and break up any dense standing dead stems. Also there is a risk that sheep tend to eat plants, (for example
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The emerging caterpillars begin feeding immediately and will moult three times within the first 5–6 weeks. Each caterpillar will then
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Woodlands create sunny clearings and rides, but avoid using clearings that are dominated by other plants such as dog's mercury (
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553:). Sometimes eggs are laid on the leaves of the food plant itself. They are laid singly, not in one large group such as the
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Eggs can be found on the food plant from mid–May to the end of June. They are a pale yellow and can hatch after 10–14 days.
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Abundant food plants growing in short, sparse vegetation, where there is abundant dead plant material, bracken is preferred
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Figs 2 larva after 2nd moult 2b larva after 3rd moult 2a, 2c larva after 4th moult 2d pupa
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Die GroĂźschmetterlinge des palaearktischen
Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter
557:. The habitat mosaics they prefer are typically one–third grass and two–thirds bracken.
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Nash, D.W. and
Hardiman, D.M. (2013). A review of the Pearl-bordered Fritillary (
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The pearl-bordered fritillary is widespread throughout Europe, ranging from
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Well-drained habitats with mosaics of grass, bracken, and light scrub
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stage is formed among the leaf litter, and lasts just 10–14 days.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Mull.) (67h). Very similar to the preceding species , especially
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29:
765:, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren)
612:
Woodland clearings, recently coppiced or clear-felled, with
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are black with white or yellow spines along their backs.
786:"Very rare butterfly returns to woodland in West Sussex"
635:
Scrub edges can provide good breeding conditions, e.g.
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893:
523:After mating, the female will lay her eggs on dead
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
804:"Rare British butterfly expands into Devon forest"
666:Burning can be useful for reducing the litter of
852:Butterfly Conservation Organisation description
309:found in Europe and through Russia across the
8:
881:
867:'Grounded' Devon Wildlife Trust Newsletter
699:.In ancient Greek religion and mythology,
151:
142:
133:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
857:UK Butterflies organisation description
751:
603:There is a second brood during August.
354:
7:
1014:938f994b-b9ec-42fb-88e2-472a500dfada
58:adding citations to reliable sources
703:is a deity, one of the Charites.
25:
761:in Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1,
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381:
369:
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34:
456:– Southern Europe, West Siberia
324:small pearl-bordered fritillary
45:needs additional citations for
925:Boloria (Clossiana) euphrosyne
581:size and ready to pupate. The
1:
1204:Butterflies described in 1758
616:, or leaf litter provided by
465:– Transbaikalia, Amur, Ussuri
629:Hot and freshly cut material
572:Caterpillar, pupa, and adult
535:plants – common dog–violet (
313:to the north of Kazakhstan.
1209:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
478:– Kamchatka, North Sakhalin
69:"Pearl-bordered fritillary"
1225:
531:), or leaf litter near to
443:– Northern Europe, Siberia
137:Pearl-bordered fritillary
707:Example sites where found
496:– Caucasus, Transcaucasia
430:– Central Europe, Siberia
293:pearl-bordered fritillary
266:
259:
161:Scientific classification
159:
150:
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872:Bracken for Butterflies
733:, UK grid ref SS 235176
686:, and vigorous grasses.
388:Close-up of wing scales
876:Butterfly Conservation
568:
1199:Butterflies of Europe
725:Lambert's Castle Hill
566:
541:), heath dog–violet (
410:eastwards across the
1009:Fauna Europaea (new)
731:Hard Hills, Cornwall
679:Mercurialis perennis
519:Food plants and eggs
337:Description in Seitz
54:improve this article
27:Species of butterfly
1194:Butterflies of Asia
697:Classical tradition
547:) or marsh violet (
529:Pteridium aquilinum
469:B. e. kamtschadalus
463:(Fruhstorfer, 1907)
1124:Papilio euphrosyne
939:boloria-euphrosyne
895:Boloria euphrosyne
829:Boloria euphrosyne
715:, West Sussex, UK
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298:Boloria euphrosyne
270:Boloria euphrosyne
252:B. euphrosyne
18:Boloria euphrosyne
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1107:Open Tree of Life
887:Taxon identifiers
810:. 28 January 2016
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491:B. e. dagestanica
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653:are better than
598:lesser celandine
555:marsh fritillary
509:– Urals, Siberia
505:Herrich-Schäffer
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494:(Sovinsky, 1905)
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428:B. e. euphrosyne
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695:Named in the
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500:B. e. nephele
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460:B. e. orphana
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447:B. e. rusalka
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342:A. euphrosyne
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43:This article
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838:: 132 - 137.
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812:. Retrieved
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727:, Dorset, UK
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544:Viola canina
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434:B. e. fingal
433:
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402:to northern
397:
394:Distribution
376:Ventral side
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328:caterpillars
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1035:iNaturalist
919:Wikispecies
833:Ir. Nat. J.
721:, Devon, UK
482:B. e. umbra
452:Fruhstorfer
400:Scandinavia
364:Dorsal side
317:Description
307:Nymphalidae
228:Nymphalidae
218:Lepidoptera
1183:Categories
1139:Q109585105
1060:ClossiEuph
814:2016-01-28
746:References
701:Euphrosyne
643:Management
422:Subspecies
412:Palearctic
311:Palearctic
198:Arthropoda
80:newspapers
790:Spirit FM
759:Seitz. A.
691:Etymology
594:dandelion
583:chrysalis
578:hibernate
514:Lifecycle
485:(Seitz, )
406:and from
303:butterfly
246:Species:
184:Kingdom:
178:Eukaryota
1133:Wikidata
1057:MaBENA:
946:BioLib:
904:Wikidata
808:BBC News
278:Linnaeus
224:Family:
194:Phylum:
188:Animalia
174:Domain:
1189:Boloria
1166:8248934
1112:1064470
1027:5772893
910:Q127466
737:Ireland
668:bracken
622:bramble
614:bracken
607:Habitat
525:bracken
454:, 1909)
441:, 1804)
408:Ireland
301:) is a
239:Boloria
234:Genus:
214:Order:
208:Insecta
204:Class:
94:scholar
1086:405023
1040:132997
1001:441700
975:CLSSEU
934:ARKive
651:Cattle
596:, and
533:violet
439:Herbst
416:Russia
350:selene
344:L. (=
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1153:946FV
1047:LoB:
988:90999
983:EUNIS
962:83223
949:51556
655:sheep
637:gorse
590:bugle
474:Seitz
404:Spain
346:niobe
101:JSTOR
87:books
1161:GBIF
1081:NCBI
1050:5617
1022:GBIF
970:EPPO
957:BOLD
620:and
291:The
282:1758
73:news
1148:CoL
1099:664
1068:NBN
874:by
682:),
618:oak
507:, )
476:, )
414:to
56:by
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