713:
42:
1405:
1024:
to rescue them from fear of the future", according to
Thietmar of Merseburg. Bolesław invaded Bohemia and had Boleslaus III blinded. He entered Prague in March 1003 where the Bohemian lords proclaimed him duke. King Henry sent his envoys to Prague, demanding that Bolesław take an oath of loyalty and pay tribute to him, but Bolesław refused to obey. He also allied himself with the king's opponents, including Henry of Schweinfurt to whom he sent reinforcements. King Henry defeated Henry of Schweinfurt, forcing him to flee to Bohemia in August 1003. Bolesław invaded the Margraviate of Meissen, but Margrave Gunzelin refused to surrender his capital. It is also likely that Polish forces took control of
1524:
1627:
4926:
629:
766:. Thietmar of Merseburg condemned Otto III for "making a lord out of a tributary" in reference to the relationship between the Emperor and Bolesław. Gallus Anonymus emphasised that Otto III declared Bolesław "his brother and partner" in the Holy Roman Empire, also calling Bolesław "a friend and ally of the Roman people". The same chronicler mentioned that Otto III "took the imperial diadem from his own head and laid it upon the head of Bolesław in pledge of friendship" in Gniezno. Bolesław also received "one of the nails from the
694:, according to the latter's hagiographies. Adalbert (known as Wojciech before his consecration) also came to Poland in 996, because Bolesław "was quite amicably disposed towards him". Adalbert's hagiographies suggest that the bishop and Bolesław closely cooperated. In early 997 Adalbert left Poland to proselytise among the Prussians, who had been invading the eastern borderlands of Bolesław's realm. However, the pagans murdered him on 23 April 997. Bolesław ransomed Adalbert's remains, paying its weight in gold, and buried it in
1646:
1853:
996:
866:, and he presented them to the emperor as a toke of honor ... is servants were likewise told to collect the wall-hangings and the coverlets, the carpets and tablecloths and napkins and everything that had been provided for their needs and take them to the emperor's quarters", according to Gallus Anonymus. Thietmar of Merseburg recorded that Bolesław presented Otto III with a troop of "three hundred armoured warriors". Bolesław also gave Saint Adalbert's arm to the Emperor.
1187:. Oldrich imprisoned Mieszko and turned him over to Henry, who, however, released him in a gesture of good will after being pressured by Saxon nobles. Bolesław nonetheless refused to aid the emperor militarily in his Italian expedition. This led to imperial intervention in Poland and so in 1015 a war erupted once again. The war started out well for the emperor, as he was able to defeat the Polish forces at the Battle of Ciani. Once the imperial forces crossed the river
1891:
618:
1159:
1872:
1909:
937:
4472:
1710:, before their incorporation into Poland. Wiszewski dates the marriage of Bolesław and Emnilda to 988. Emnilda exerted a beneficial influence on Bolesław, reforming "her husband's unstable character", according to Thietmar of Merseburg's report. Bolesław's and Emnilda's oldest (unnamed) daughter "was an abbess" of an unidentified abbey. Their second daughter
778:
690:, also participated in the 995 campaign. Taking advantage of Soběslav's absence, Boleslav II of Bohemia invaded the Slavníks' domains and had most members of the family murdered. After learning of his kinsmen's fate, Soběslav settled in Poland. Bolesław gave shelter to him "for the sake of holy brother", Bishop
796:
Gallus
Anonymus claimed that Bolesław was "gloriously raised to kingship by the emperor" through these acts, but the Emperor's acts in Gniezno only symbolised that Bolesław received royal prerogatives, including the control of the Church in his realm. Radim Gaudentius was installed as the archbishop
1023:
writes that
Vladivoj seized the Bohemian throne with Bolesław's assistance. After Vladivoj died in 1003, Bolesław invaded Bohemia and restored Boleslaus III who had many Bohemian noblemen murdered. The Bohemian lords who survived the massacre "secretly sent representatives" to Bolesław, asking "him
757:
added that "arvelous and wonderful sights Bolesław set before the emperor when he arrived: the ranks first of the knights in all their variety, and then of the princes, lined up on a spacious plain like choirs, each separate unit set apart by the distinct and varied colors of its apparel, and no
1597:
is known to historians. It is Bolesław's epitaph, which, in part, came from the original tombstone, that is one of the first sources (dated to the period immediately after Bolesław's death, probably during the reign of
Mieszko II) that gave the King his widely known nickname of "Brave" (Polish:
652:
recorded that
Mieszko left "his kingdom to be divided among many claimants", but Bolesław unified the country "with fox-like cunning" and expelled his stepmother and half-brothers from Poland. Two Polish lords Odilien and Przibiwoj, who had supported Oda and her sons, were blinded on Bolesław's
861:
During the time the
Emperor spent in Poland, Bolesław also showed off his affluence. At the end of the banquets, he "ordered the waiters and the cupbearers to gather the gold and silver vessels ... from all three days' coursis, that is, the cups and goblets, the bowls and plates and the
992:. The relationship between King Henry and Bolesław became tense after assassins tried to murder Bolesław in Merseburg, because he accused the king of conspiracy against him. In retaliation, he seized and burned Strehla and took the inhabitants of the town into captivity.
480:, who transformed Poland into an entity comparable to older Western monarchies and arguably raised it to the front rank of European states. Bolesław conducted successful military campaigns to the west, south and east of his realm, and conquered territories in modern-day
1444:
believes that the coronation took place prior to that, on 24 December 1024. The basis for this assertion is that the coronations of kings were usually held during religious festivities. The exact place of the coronation is also highly debated, with the cathedrals of
712:
916:
was almost exclusively used in Italy around that time, suggesting that it also represented the
Emperor's idea of the renewal of the Roman Empire. However, Otto's premature death on 23 January 1002 put an end to his ambitious plans. The contemporaneous
1561:
The medieval sarcophagus was partially damaged on 30 September 1772 during a fire, and completely destroyed in 1790 due to the collapse of the southern tower. Bolesław's remains were subsequently excavated from the rubble and moved to the cathedral's
905:
Coins struck for Bolesław shortly after his meeting with the emperor bore the inscription
Gnezdun Civitas, showing that he regarded Gniezno as his capital. The name of Poland was also recorded on the same coins referring to the Princes Polonie
1665:. Historian Manteuffel says that the marriage was arranged in the early 980s by Mieszko I who wanted to strengthen his links with the Saxon lords and to enable his son to succeed Rikdag in Meissen. Bolesław "later sent her away", according to
984:. At the end of July, he participated at a meeting of the Saxon lords where Henry of Bavaria, who had meanwhile been crowned king of Germany, only confirmed Bolesław's possession of Lusatia, and granted Meissen to Margrave Eckard's brother,
960:. Fearing that Henry II would side with elements in the German Church hierarchy which were unfavorable towards Poland, and taking advantage of the chaos that followed Margrave Eckard's death and Henry of Bavaria's conflict with
1975:
1043:, with him. The Bohemians rose up in open rebellion and murdered the Polish garrisons in the major towns. Bolesław left Prague without resistance, and King Henry made Jaromír duke of Bohemia on 8 September. Bolesław's ally
761:
Bolesław took advantage of the emperor's pilgrimage. After the
Emperor's visit in Gniezno, Poland started to develop into a sovereign state, in contrast with Bohemia, which remained a vassal state, incorporated in the
4034:(Translated by Theodor E. Mommsen and Karl F. Morrison, with a historical introduction and new suggested readings by Karl F. Morrison, edited by Robert L. Benson). Columbia University Press. pp. 52–100.
41:
1298:
825:, directly subordinated to the Holy See. However, Polish commoners only slowly adopted Christianity: Thietmar of Merseburg recorded that Bolesław forced his subjects with severe punishments to observe
841:
is affixed to it with a nail. Then, after a sharp knife has been placed next to him, he is given the harsh choice between death or castration. Furthermore, anyone found to have eaten meat after
1543:
184:
753:, Robert, in early 1000. Thietmar of Merseburg mentioned that it "would be impossible to believe or describe" how Bolesław received the emperor and conducted him to Gniezno. A century later,
845:
is severely punished, by having his teeth knocked out. The law of God, newly introduced in these regions gains more strength from such acts of force than from any fast imposed by the bishops
1100:
began three years later (previously, Henry was occupied with rebellion in
Flanders), in 1010, but it was of no significant consequence. In 1012, another ineffective campaign by archbishop
884:
An illustrated Gospel, made for Otto III around 1000, depicted four women symbolising Roma, Gallia, Germania and Sclavinia as doing homage to the Emperor who sat on his throne. Historian
1538:, Bolesław I died shortly after his coronation on 17 June 1025. Already in advanced age for the time, the true cause of death is unknown and remains a matter of speculation. Chronicler
1039:, and broke into Lusatia in February 1004, but heavy snows forced him to withdraw. He invaded Bohemia in August 1004, taking the oldest brother of the blinded Boleslaus III of Bohemia,
504:. He established the "Prince's Law" and sponsored the construction of churches, monasteries, military forts as well as waterway infrastructure. He also introduced the first Polish
3435:
888:
writes that "Sclavinia" referred to Poland, proving that it was regarded as one of the Christian realms subjected to the Holy Roman Empire in accordance with Otto III's idea of
3986:(Edited by Gábor Klaniczay, translated by Cristian Gaşpar and Marina Miladinov, with an introductory essay by Ian Wood) . Central European University Press. pp. 183–314.
4001:(Edited by Gábor Klaniczay, translated by Cristian Gaşpar and Marina Miladinov, with an introductory essay by Ian Wood) . Central European University Press. pp. 77–182.
826:
392:. The martyrdom of Adalbert in 997 and Bolesław's successful attempt to ransom the bishop's remains, paying for their weight in gold, consolidated Poland's autonomy from the
1370:
siege, surrendered upon seeing the main Polish force on 14 August. The entering army, led by Bolesław, was ceremonially welcomed by the local archbishop and the family of
1032:(present-day mostly Slovakia) in 1003 as well. The proper conquest date of the Hungarian territories is 1003 or 1015 and this area stayed a part of Poland until 1018.
384:, purged his half-brothers along with their adherents and successfully reunified Poland by 995. As a devout Christian, Bolesław supported the missionary endeavours of
1570:
in 1801, at his request. Czacki, a notable Polish historian, pedagogue, and numismatist, placed one of the bone fragments in his ancestral mausoleum in Poryck (now
1225:. In that same year, supported by his Slavic allies, Emperor Henry once again invaded Poland, albeit once again to very little effect. He did besiege the cities of
802:
601:
says that Bolesław received Lesser Poland from his father; Tadeusz Manteuffel states that he seized the province from his father with the local lords' support; and
4925:
435:, and Bolesław formally repudiated paying tribute to the Empire. Following Otto's death in 1002, Bolesław fought a series of wars against Otto's cousin and heir,
1852:
1722:
who was born in 990 was Bolesław's favorite son and successor. The name of Bolesław's and Emnilda's third daughter, who was born in 995, is unknown; she married
4623:
1233:, but was unable to conquer them. The imperial forces once again were forced to retreat, suffering significant losses. Taking advantage of the involvement of
1151:, was also performed. During the brief period of peace on the western frontier that followed, Bolesław took part in a short campaign in the east, towards the
5322:
5523:
5275:
741:
Emperor Otto III held a synod in Rome where Adalbert was canonised on the emperor's request on 29 June 999. Before 2 December 999, Adalbert's brother,
5902:
1104:
of Magdeburg was launched, as he died during that campaign and, consequently, his forces returned home. Later that year, Bolesław once again invaded
810:
1511:
and that the pope only confirmed that fact. That is corroborated by Conrad's confirmation of the royal title to Mieszko II, his agreement with the
657:
says that Bolesław had already taken control of the whole of Poland by 992; Pleszczyński writes that this only happened in the last months of 995.
1523:
1467:
Boleslaus , duke of the Poles, took for himself in injury to King Conrad the regal insignia and the royal name. Death swiftly killed his temerity.
1404:
5937:
1680:
806:
956:
who was the most powerful contender. However, Eckard was murdered on 30 April 1002, which enabled Henry of Bavaria to defeat his last opponent,
1593:
After many historical twists, the burial place of Bolesław I ultimately remained at Poznań Cathedral, in the Golden Chapel. The content of his
660:
Bolesław's first coins were issued around 995. One of them bore the inscription Vencievlavus, showing that he regarded his mother's uncle Duke
1382:
of Kiev. Although Sviatopolk lost the throne soon afterwards and lost his life the following year, during this campaign Poland re-annexed the
5897:
5892:
4556:
4432:
4413:
4394:
4375:
4356:
4337:
4318:
4299:
4280:
4261:
4240:
4202:
4144:
4118:
4080:
4039:
4006:
3991:
3456:
798:
5658:
5653:
1184:
892:—the renewal of the Roman Empire based on a federal concept. Within that framework, Poland, along with Hungary, was upgraded to an eastern
4347:
Třeštík, Dušan (2011). "Great Moravia and the beginnings of the stte (9th and 10th centuries)". In Pánek, Jaroslav; Tůma, Oldřich (eds.).
1890:
1871:
1140:
1088:
In 1007, after learning about Bolesław's efforts to gain allies among Saxon nobles and giving refuge to the deposed duke of Bohemia,
745:, was consecrated "Saint Adalbert's archbishop". Otto III made a pilgrimage to Saint Adalbert's tomb in Gniezno, accompanied by Pope
5161:
5136:
4616:
4453:
4221:
4183:
4099:
4053:
4024:
3542:
3513:
3327:
3289:
3229:
3029:
2058:
1676:
writes that Bolesław repudiated his first wife after her father's death in 985 which left the marriage without any political value.
323:
5822:
5563:
1941:
1198:
in a diversionary attack against the Eastern March of the empire. Soon after, the imperial army, having suffered a defeat near the
550:, emphasised that Bolesław had been born to a "faithless" father and a "true-believing" mother, suggesting that he was born before
5744:
5947:
5315:
5151:
4793:
1936:
1399:
1206:
of Meissen was defeated and killed during a clash with the Polish forces in late 1015. In 1015 and 1017, Bolesław I attacked the
5847:
5181:
5131:
4875:
4870:
4845:
4738:
4476:
3346:
1339:
1202:
marshes, retreated from Poland without any permanent gains. After this event, Bolesław's forces took the initiative. Margrave
5226:
5221:
5176:
4986:
4860:
4834:
4798:
4763:
109:
5922:
4829:
4814:
1925:
1334:. After collecting his forces during June, Bolesław led his troops to the border in July and on 23 July at the banks of the
877:
recorded, decades after the events, that Bolesław also accompanied Emperor Otto from Magdeburg to Aachen where Otto III had
837:, the act is immediately avenged through the following punishment. The guilty party is led on to the market bridge, and his
380:
already during the final years of Mieszko's reign. When the country became divided in 992, he banished his father's widow,
5749:
5216:
5166:
5156:
5141:
4997:
4824:
4758:
4748:
4743:
4733:
1804:
1715:
1508:
989:
985:
953:
661:
5698:
5171:
5146:
4753:
4609:
1679:
Bolesław "took a Hungarian woman" as his second wife. Most historians identify her as a daughter of the Hungarian ruler
1626:
1409:
1211:
1162:
873:
in Germany where "they celebrated Palm Sunday with great festivity" on 25 March 1000. A continuator of the chronicle of
716:
677:
555:
436:
5538:
5942:
5308:
1931:
5837:
4783:
4778:
4593:
1261:. Also, Bolesław (then a widower) strengthened his dynastic bonds with the German nobility through his marriage with
1089:
1040:
119:
5648:
3394:
1432:. However, independent German sources confirmed that after Henry II's death in 1024, Bolesław took advantage of the
5927:
4855:
4850:
4840:
4819:
4048:(Translated and annotated by Paul W. Knoll and Frank Schaer with a preface by Thomas N. Bisson) (2003). CEU Press.
3614:
3585:
1908:
1093:
579:
551:
416:
5633:
821:, who had been the only prelate in Poland and was opposed to the creation of the archdiocese of Gniezno, was made
5917:
5784:
5680:
5593:
5487:
5237:
4911:
4804:
4768:
4632:
1609:
1016:
957:
725:
304:
1096:
as well as the re-occupation of the marches of Lusatia, though he stopped short of retaking Meissen. The German
1020:
349:, Bolesław was a capable monarch and a strong mediator in Central European affairs. He continued to proselytise
5912:
5907:
5675:
5097:
5036:
4992:
4906:
4212:
Pleszczyński, Andrzej (2001). "Poland as an ally of the Holy Ottonian Empire". In Urbańczyk, Przemysław (ed.).
1837:
1750:
1453:
being the most probable locations. Poland was thereafter raised to the rank of a kingdom before its neighbour,
1012:
944:
Three candidates were competing with each other for the German crown after Otto III's death. One of them, Duke
818:
668:
in summer 992. Bolesław personally led a Polish army to assist the imperial troops in invading the land of the
628:
5598:
5543:
5513:
5503:
5348:
4674:
4659:
4309:
Strzelczyk, Jerzy (2003). "Die Anfänge Polens und Deutschlands". In Lawaty, Andreas; Orłowski, Hubert (eds.).
1673:
583:
5812:
5713:
5628:
5498:
5430:
5339:
5331:
5260:
4896:
1504:
1351:
1044:
683:
602:
4328:
Thompson, James Westfall (2012). "Medieval German expansion in Bohemia and Poland". In Berend, Nóra (ed.).
3563:
Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd, eds. The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text, 1953
1813:(c. 990 – 10/11 May 1034), became king and subsequent to his dethronement, regained power as duke of Poland
1645:
5932:
5842:
5832:
5493:
5232:
5063:
1571:
1424:. The year 1025 is most widely accepted by scholars, though the year 1000 is also likely. According to an
1312:
1207:
1133:
949:
874:
664:
as the patron saint of Poland. Bolesław sent reinforcements to the Holy Roman Empire to fight against the
654:
606:
5568:
5774:
5703:
5573:
5548:
5420:
5288:
4901:
1666:
1654:
1547:
1483:
It is widely believed that Bolesław had to receive permission for his coronation from the newly-elected
1441:
1320:
850:
649:
1436:
in Germany and crowned himself king in 1025. It is generally assumed that the coronation took place on
5887:
5817:
5754:
5736:
5668:
5242:
5082:
5026:
4891:
4865:
4644:
1823:
1817:
1727:
1723:
1695:
1657:
recorded Bolesław's marriages, also mentioning his children. Bolesław's first wife was a daughter of
1250:
1082:
1059:
961:
758:
garment there was of inferior quality, but of the most precious stuff that might anywhere be found."
448:
350:
259:
1542:(and followed by modern historians and archaeologists) writes that Bolesław was laid to rest at the
1487:. John was known to be corrupt, and it is likely that consent was or may have been obtained through
5882:
5792:
5769:
5764:
5603:
5578:
5553:
5279:
5102:
4966:
4952:
4576:
4564:
1862:
1742:
1662:
1579:
1528:
1429:
1266:
1004:
945:
822:
801:. At the same time, three suffragan bishoprics, subordinated to the see of Gniezno—the dioceses of
720:
707:
590:
527:
400:
381:
369:
284:
4406:
Domus Bolezlai: Values and Social Identity in Dynastic Traditions of Medieval Poland (c. 966–1138)
3460:
921:
stated that "nobody lamented" the 22-year-old emperor's "death with greater grief than Bolesław".
698:. He sent parts of the martyr bishop's corpse to Emperor Otto III who had been Adalbert's friend.
5807:
5721:
5588:
5532:
5508:
5481:
4530:
4520:
1810:
1757:
1719:
1583:
1512:
1379:
1371:
1222:
1029:
763:
691:
575:
452:
385:
373:
294:
254:
213:
144:
47:
5802:
3997:"Life of Saint Adalbert Bishop of Prague and Martyr (Translated by Cristian Gaşpar)" (2013). In
687:
632:
One of the earliest Polish coins featuring the supposed effigy of Bolesław with the inscription
5827:
5726:
5583:
5201:
5116:
5068:
5011:
4449:
4428:
4409:
4390:
4371:
4352:
4333:
4314:
4295:
4276:
4257:
4236:
4217:
4198:
4179:
4159:
4140:
4114:
4095:
4076:
4049:
4035:
4020:
4002:
3987:
3624:
3620:
3593:
3589:
3538:
3509:
3330:
3323:
3285:
3225:
3025:
2054:
1900:
1779:
1343:
1257:, but as a part of Polish territory, and also received military aid in his expedition against
1166:
918:
730:
554:. Bolesław was baptised shortly after his birth. He was named after his maternal grandfather,
393:
389:
354:
228:
208:
4387:
The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs
3982:"Life of the Five Brethren by Bruno of Querfurt (Translated by Marina Miladinov)" (2013). In
5608:
5558:
4947:
2974:
1764:, whom, along with her sister Mstislava, he had taken from Kiev in 1018, was his concubine.
1535:
1491:. However, Rome also hoped for a potential alliance to defend itself from Byzantine Emperor
1472:
1460:
1328:
1308:
1242:
1121:
1097:
899:
885:
814:
742:
598:
586:
notes that the claim that Bolesław was sent as a hostage to the imperial court is disputed.
440:
408:
3457:"Bolesław Chrobry: legalny władca Czech czy uzurpator – Czasopisma – Onet.pl Portal wiedzy"
817:
to the Holy See to obtain the pope's sanction to the establishment of the new archdiocese.
570:. The latter act suggests that Mieszko wanted to place his son under the protection of the
5638:
5623:
4981:
4583:
2007:
1965:
1946:
1698:". Her father was a West Slavic or Lechitic prince, either a local ruler from present-day
1603:
1383:
1148:
1117:
754:
578:
says that Bolesław needed that protection because his father had sent him to the court of
505:
338:
91:
1638:
1179:
In 1014, Bolesław sent his son Mieszko to Bohemia in order to form an alliance with Duke
928:
and created a office called "Bobrowniczy" whose task was to enforce prince's ordinances.
4292:
Stosunki publicznoprawne między państwem polskim a Cesarstwem Rzymskim w latach 963–1102
2923:
5797:
5613:
5376:
5284:
4636:
4544:
4130:
1992:
1984:
1830:
1734:
1567:
1539:
1355:
1316:
1262:
1258:
1221:. His attempt at conquering the city, however, failed. In 1017, Bolesław defeated Duke
1158:
1152:
1137:
665:
539:
510:
334:
330:
218:
126:
66:
5643:
2949:
5876:
5759:
5690:
5458:
5264:
5187:
4443:
3506:
Spiegelungen: Entwürfe zu Identität und Alterität ; Festschrift für Elke Mehnert
3373:
1563:
1484:
1437:
969:
863:
594:
563:
377:
346:
274:
51:
1307:
of Kiev, in 1013, but the decisive engagements were to take place in 1018 after the
617:
4809:
4111:
Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c. 900–c. 1300
4019:(Translated and annotated by David A. Warner) (2001). Manchester University Press.
3350:
1500:
1387:
1358:
agree that the Polish prince was victorious in battle. Yaroslav retreated north to
1304:
842:
833:
If anyone in this land should presume to abuse a foreign matron and thereby commit
750:
746:
489:
5448:
5415:
4704:
1226:
1092:, King Henry denounced the Peace of Poznań, which caused Bolesław's attack on the
995:
432:
3889:
Domus Bolezlai. W poszukiwaniu tradycji dynastycznej Piastów (do około 1138 roku)
4788:
4714:
1881:
1699:
1555:
1433:
1428:, the crowning took place when Otto bestowed upon Bolesław royal regalia at the
1414:
1331:
1311:
was already signed. At the request of Sviatopolk I, in what became known as the
1144:
936:
878:
834:
771:
17:
3999:
Saints of the Christianization Age of Central Europe (Tenth-Eleventh Centuries)
3984:
Saints of the Christianization Age of Central Europe (Tenth-Eleventh Centuries)
451:
as ruler. According to legend, Bolesław chipped his blade when striking Kiev's
5397:
1703:
1683:, but this theory has not been universally accepted. She gave birth to a son,
1551:
1421:
1375:
894:
786:
782:
767:
477:
473:
462:
457:
443:(1018). In the summer of 1018, in one of his expeditions, Bolesław I captured
428:
4163:
5466:
5390:
5362:
4664:
4513:
1711:
1707:
1335:
1324:
1113:
1078:
870:
669:
420:
249:
84:
4669:
3483:
1587:
1450:
1286:
1055:
790:
593:
who had already been a nun. Around that time, Bolesław became the ruler of
424:
4471:
3134:
3132:
3130:
5438:
5404:
5383:
4684:
4370:(in Polish). Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika.
3334:
3309:
Thietmar of Merseburg, Thietmari merseburgiensis episcopi chronicon, 1018
1641:
in 1925. Destroyed in 1939 and reconstructed in 1985 by Jerzy Sobociński.
1575:
1492:
1367:
1359:
1101:
1000:
571:
515:
481:
404:
1303:
Bolesław organised his first expedition east, to support his son-in-law
5476:
5369:
4699:
4679:
4197:. Lanham: Lexington Books (Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group).
1793:
1786:
1761:
1691:
1684:
1634:
1594:
1488:
1454:
1446:
1425:
1282:
1246:
1245:
was signed. The Polish ruler was able to keep the contested marches of
1238:
1230:
1218:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1180:
1125:
1105:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1051:
1025:
981:
977:
973:
965:
838:
695:
635:
535:
531:
501:
497:
493:
485:
412:
269:
244:
4601:
4445:
The Polish Way: A Thousand-year History of the Poles and their Culture
4173:
The Formation of the Polish State: The Period of Ducal Rule, 963–1194
1527:
Tomb of Bolesław and his father, Mieszko, inside the Golden Chapel at
5443:
5410:
5355:
5300:
4709:
4132:
God's Playground: A History of Poland, Volume I: The Origins to 1795
4092:
The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe
1773:
1658:
1496:
1270:
1234:
1109:
1074:
1036:
925:
673:
621:
203:
4294:(in Polish). Słupsk: Wydawnictwo Pomorskiej Akademii Pedagogicznej.
1507:
put forward the theory that the coronation had the tacit consent of
1241:, where Mieszko met very little resistance. On 30 January 1018, the
1019:, who had earlier fled to Poland, duke in 1002. The Czech historian
589:
Bolesław's mother, Dobrawa, died in 977; his widowed father married
4109:
Berend, Nora; Urbańczyk, Przemysław; Wiszewski, Przemysław (2013).
881:'s tomb reopened and gave Charlemagne's golden throne to Bolesław.
777:
4694:
4689:
3535:
Polski słownik biograficzny. T. II: Beyzym Jan – Brownsford Marja.
3222:
Polski słownik biograficzny. T. II: Beyzym Jan – Brownsford Marja.
3022:
Polski słownik biograficzny. T. II: Beyzym Jan – Brownsford Marja.
2051:
Polski słownik biograficzny. T. II: Beyzym Jan – Brownsford Marja.
1644:
1625:
1522:
1403:
1254:
1157:
1081:
overturned Bolesław's rule and resulted in the destruction of the
994:
935:
711:
627:
616:
469:
362:
1054:
and in 1005, his army advanced as far into Poland as the city of
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
1363:
1347:
1188:
1129:
567:
468:
Bolesław is widely considered one of Poland's most accomplished
444:
407:
permitted the establishment of a Polish church structure with a
5304:
4605:
4158:(in Polish). Warszawa (Warsaw): Wyd. Minist. Obrony Narodowej.
3572:
Anonymous Gaul,Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum
1269:. The wedding took place four days later, on 3 February in the
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2277:
2275:
2262:
2260:
2258:
1733:
Bolesław's fourth marriage, from 1018 until his death, was to
1495:, who launched a military expedition to recover the island of
908:
676:
in 995. During the campaign, he met the young German monarch,
582:
in token of his allegiance to the emperor. However, historian
4195:
Here All Is Poland: A Pantheonic History of Wawel, 1787–2010
3858:
3856:
3854:
3768:
3766:
2522:
2520:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
1319:
with an army of 2,000–5,000 Polish warriors, in addition to
1217:
Later that year, Bolesław's son Mieszko was sent to plunder
357:, thus becoming the first Polish ruler to hold the title of
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3165:
3163:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2882:
2880:
2832:
2830:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2552:
2550:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2372:
2370:
2148:
2146:
3374:"historycy.org -> Bolesław Chrobry – 'pan na Morawach'"
2726:
2724:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2462:
2460:
1374:. According to popular legend Bolesław notched his sword (
813:—were set up. Bolesław had promised that Poland would pay
4427:. Washington D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
4156:
Bolesław Chrobry: zarys dziejów politycznych i wojskowych
2649:
2647:
2645:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2121:
2119:
2117:
1550:
reportedly ordered the construction of a new, presumably
1299:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
597:, through it is not exactly clear in what circumstances.
3138:
3105:
3103:
3101:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2773:
2742:
2537:
2535:
2387:
2385:
2344:
2332:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
1062:
was signed. According to the peace treaty Bolesław lost
1050:
During the next part of the offensive King Henry retook
3537:
Kraków: Nakładem Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, 1936.
3224:
Kraków: Nakładem Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, 1936.
3024:
Kraków: Nakładem Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, 1936.
2092:
2090:
2053:
Kraków: Nakładem Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, 1936.
566:
at the age of seven and a lock of his hair was sent to
4175:(Translated and with an Introduction by Andrew Gorski)
3284:. Szeged: Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. pp. 48–49.
3504:
Elke Mehnert, Sandra Kersten, Manfred Frank Schenke,
1749:
1018–1036), betrothed (or married) on 18 May 1035 to
1515:
and the papal interactions with Conrad and Bolesław.
5269:
During his reign obtained non-hereditary royal title
4032:
Imperial Lives & Letters of the Eleventh Century
3484:"Digitales historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen"
1366:. The city, which suffered from fires caused by the
1108:. Bolesław's forces pillaged and burned the city of
558:. Not much is known about Bolesław's childhood. His
526:
Bolesław was born in 966 or 967, the first child of
5783:
5735:
5712:
5688:
5667:
5522:
5457:
5429:
5338:
5209:
5200:
5124:
5115:
5090:
5081:
5056:
5049:
5019:
5010:
4974:
4965:
4940:
4933:
4884:
4723:
4652:
4643:
952:to Bolesław in exchange for his assistance against
300:
290:
280:
268:
227:
192:
179:
167:
154:
150:
140:
132:
125:
115:
105:
97:
90:
80:
72:
65:
34:
4330:The Expansion of Central Europe in the Middle Ages
4129:
3733:
2491:Life of Saint Adalbert Bishop of Prague and Martyr
2452:Life of Saint Adalbert Bishop of Prague and Martyr
924:In 1000 Bolesław issued a law prohibiting hunting
648:Mieszko I died on 25 May 992. The contemporaneous
1803:Regelinda (c. 989 – 21 March aft. 1014), married
1778:Unknown Hungarian woman (sometimes identified as
898:of the Holy Roman Empire, according to historian
869:After the meeting, Bolesław escorted Otto III to
4351:. Charles University in Prague. pp. 65–79.
4313:(in German). Verlag C. H. Beck. pp. 16–25.
1726:between 1005 and 1012. Bolesław's youngest son,
1714:, who was born in 989, was given in marriage to
1544:Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul
1420:Historians dispute the exact date of Bolesław's
702:Congress of Gniezno and its aftermath (999–1002)
2975:"Bobry to skryte, ale bardzo ciekawe zwierzęta"
1706:dynasty, or the last independent prince of the
1465:
1315:of 1018, the Polish duke sent an expedition to
1112:(Lebus). In 1013, a peace accord was signed at
831:
3281:("The Hungarian External Politics (896–1196)")
2899:Life of the Five Brethren by Bruno of Querfurt
1616:Bolezlavus qui dicebatur Gloriosus seu Chrabri
5316:
4617:
4311:Deutsche und Polen: Geschichte-Kultur-Politik
4271:Schwarzenberg, Karl; Hucek, Miroslav (1994).
4233:Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800–1056
3305:
3303:
3301:
1578:region; the other two were given to Princess
940:Poland during the reign of Bolesław the Brave
8:
3606:
3604:
3602:
2910:
2761:
2624:
2361:
2266:
1649:10-złotych coin with Bolesław Chrobry (1925)
1558:to which he transferred Bolesław's remains.
1132:. A marriage of Bolesław's son Mieszko with
1124:(including the town of Bautzen) and Sorbian
353:among his subjects and raised Poland to the
322: – 17 June 1025), less often
5863:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
4030:"The Deeds of Conrad II (Wipo)" (2000). In
3554:R.Jaworski,Wyprawa Kijowska Chrobrego, 2006
1607:
1237:troops, Bolesław ordered his son to invade
5323:
5309:
5301:
5206:
5121:
5087:
5053:
5016:
4971:
4937:
4649:
4624:
4610:
4602:
4482:
3961:
3925:
3862:
3684:
3264:
3241:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3169:
3092:
3041:
3004:
2886:
2836:
2698:
2556:
2511:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2376:
2281:
2221:
2185:
2152:
1582:, who placed them in her recently founded
1015:was dethroned and the Bohemian lords made
40:
31:
3949:
3937:
3913:
3845:
3833:
3821:
3809:
3772:
3757:
3721:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
2466:
2320:
2233:
2209:
2197:
2125:
2108:
2081:
1694:, was "a daughter of the venerable lord,
1035:King Henry allied himself with the pagan
719:, bestowing a crown upon Bolesław at the
546:, which was written in the middle of the
185:Cathedral Basilica of Sts. Peter and Paul
3784:
3508:, Frank & Timme GmbH, 2005, p. 481,
3069:
2871:
2665:
2653:
2173:
1702:who was closely related to the imperial
776:
461:("Jagged Sword") would later become the
4256:(in Polish). Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie.
3709:
3636:
3395:"Czy Bolesław Chrobry podbił Słowację?"
3121:
2573:
2478:
2137:
2025:
1958:
1848:
1816:Unknown daughter, married Grand Prince
1800:Unknown abbess of an unidentified abbey
1566:. Three bone fragments were donated to
1116:. As part of the treaty, Bolesław paid
4075:(in Polish). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
3139:Berend, Urbańczyk & Wiszewski 2013
3109:
2859:
2774:Berend, Urbańczyk & Wiszewski 2013
2743:Berend, Urbańczyk & Wiszewski 2013
2585:
2541:
2526:
2403:
2391:
2345:Berend, Urbańczyk & Wiszewski 2013
2333:Berend, Urbańczyk & Wiszewski 2013
2096:
1463:in his chronicle describes the event:
988:, and Strehla to Eckard's oldest son,
4216:. Wydawnictwo DIG. pp. 409–425.
4046:The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles
3347:"Bitwa pod Ciani, bo nie chce mi się"
2731:The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles
2716:The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles
2637:The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles
1928:– speedway event named after the King
1836:Matilda (c. 1018–1036), betrothed to
1789:(c. 986–1032) – became Duke of Poland
1077:. Also in 1005, a pagan rebellion in
799:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno
27:Duke and King of Poland (r. 992–1025)
7:
3876:Nekropolie królów i książąt polskich
3698:Szkice historyczne jedynastego wieku
1499:and could subsequently threaten the
1390:, lost by Bolesław's father in 981.
1070:and likely gave up his claim to the
972:as far as the river Elbe", and also
447:, where he installed his son-in-law
4332:. Ashgate Variorum. pp. 1–38.
4273:The Prague Castle and Its Treasures
3533:. In: Konopczyński Władysław (ed):
3220:. In: Konopczyński Władysław (ed):
3020:. In: Konopczyński Władysław (ed):
2049:. In: Konopczyński Władysław (ed):
4193:Nungovitch, Petro Andreas (2019).
4069:Barański, Marek Kazimierz (2008).
2950:"bobrowniczy - Encyklopedia Leśna"
1914:Boleslaus on a postage stamp, 1938
25:
1859:Portrait of Boleslaus I the Brave
1820:and became Grand Princess of Kiev
1083:newly established local bishopric
564:traditional hair-cutting ceremony
5903:11th-century monarchs of Bohemia
4924:
4470:
4178:. Wayne State University Press.
4154:Grabski, Andrzej Feliks (1964).
3436:"Włącz Polskę- Polska-szkola.pl"
3415:Thietmar 2001, VIII, pp. 19, 61.
1907:
1889:
1870:
1851:
1745:. They had a daughter, Matilda (
1741:995–1025), daughter of Margrave
1546:in Poznań. In the 14th century,
1191:, Bolesław sent a detachment of
455:. In honour of this legend, the
333:from 992 to 1025, and the first
1687:, but Bolesław repudiated her.
1281:, at the site of either modern
562:recorded that he underwent the
4404:Wiszewski, Przemysław (2010).
4389:. Cambridge University Press.
4368:Bolesław Chrobry – lew ryczący
4366:Urbańczyk, Przemysław (2017).
4252:Bolesław Chrobry i jego czasy
4113:. Cambridge University Press.
3798:Gesta Chuonradi II imperatoris
3734:Schwarzenberg & Hucek 1994
3279:Magyar külpolitika (896–1196)
1840:but the marriage was rejected.
1807:becoming Margravine of Meissen
1631:Monument to Bolesław the Brave
1350:, in what became known as the
1327:, 300 German knights, and 500
1028:and the northern parts of the
829:and to refrain from adultery:
723:. An imaginary depiction from
518:, and minted his own coinage.
46:Bolesław I buys the corpse of
1:
4724:
4139:. Columbia University Press.
3746:The Deeds of Conrad II (Wipo)
3613:Chwała Oręża Polskiego Nr 2.
3584:Chwała Oręża Polskiego Nr 2.
1937:Crown of Bolesław I the Brave
1805:Herman I, Margrave of Meissen
1746:
1738:
1716:Herman I, Margrave of Meissen
1400:Crown of Bolesław I the Brave
1170:
954:Eckard I, Margrave of Meissen
734:
641:
609:, granted the region to him.
316:
158:
55:
5898:11th-century Polish monarchs
5893:10th-century Polish monarchs
5848:Stanisław August Poniatowski
5291:from the Wittelsbach dynasty
4349:A History of the Czech Lands
4171:Manteuffel, Tadeusz (1982).
4094:. Cornell University Press.
3320:Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten
1942:History of Poland (966–1385)
1614:, named the Polish ruler as
1580:Izabela Flemming Czartoryska
1410:Coronation of the First King
1342:, he defeated the forces of
717:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
556:Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
5938:Burials at Poznań Cathedral
5823:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
5564:Władysław III Spindleshanks
4425:The Chronicle of the Czechs
4290:Sochacki, Jarosław (2003).
4275:. New York: Vendome Press.
4214:Europe around the Year 1000
2032:A. Czubinski, J. Topolski,
1932:Castle Chrobry in Szprotawa
1926:Bolesław Chrobry Tournament
686:, the head of the Bohemian
613:Accession and consolidation
234:
199:
5964:
4071:Dynastia Piastów w Polsce
3874:Michał Rożek, Adam Bujak:
3611:Wyprawa Kijowska Chrobrego
3582:Wyprawa Kijowska Chrobrego
3424:Thietmar 2001, VIII, p. 9.
1772:Oda/Hunilda?, daughter of
1397:
1296:
1210:and was defeated twice by
1094:Archbishopric of Magdeburg
781:Bolesław's replica of the
705:
580:Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
417:Archbishopric of Magdeburg
5856:
5654:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
5533:Senior or Supreme Princes
5256:
4922:
4590:
4581:
4573:
4561:
4553:
4542:
4537:
4527:
4518:
4510:
4485:
4250:Rosik, Stanisław (2001).
3878:, Warsaw 1988, pp. 12–14.
1756:Predslava, a daughter of
1610:Gesta principum Polonorum
958:Herman II, Duke of Swabia
797:of the newly established
472:monarchs; he was an able
423:were also established in
403:(11 March 1000), Emperor
341:between 1003 and 1004 as
305:Chalcedonian Christianity
39:
5649:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
5037:Ladislaus the Posthumous
4423:Wolverton, Lisa (2009).
4231:Reuter, Timothy (2013).
4017:of Thietmar of Merseburg
3700:, ed. III. 1951, p. 153.
3434:Zajączkowski, Grzegorz.
3155:of Thietmar of Merseburg
3058:of Thietmar of Merseburg
2954:www.encyklopedialesna.pl
2822:of Thietmar of Merseburg
2806:of Thietmar of Merseburg
2790:of Thietmar of Merseburg
2682:of Thietmar of Merseburg
2602:of Thietmar of Merseburg
2309:of Thietmar of Merseburg
2250:of Thietmar of Merseburg
1997:Boleslaus I rex Poloniae
1796:, daughter of Dobromir:
1674:Marek Kazimierz Barański
1013:Boleslaus III of Bohemia
968:and Meissen. He "seized
584:Marek Kazimierz Barański
50:for its weight in gold,
5629:Dukes of Greater Poland
4885:1198–1306 (Kings)
4442:Zamoyski, Adam (1987).
4128:Davies, Norman (2005).
4090:Barford, P. M. (2001).
3696:Tadeusz Wojciechowski:
3529:Tymieniecki Kazimierz,
3216:Tymieniecki Kazimierz,
3016:Tymieniecki Kazimierz,
2045:Tymieniecki Kazimierz,
1690:Bolesław's third wife,
1352:Battle of the River Bug
1265:, daughter of Margrave
1183:against Henry, by then
1047:died in this campaign.
662:Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
605:writes that his uncle,
465:sword of Polish kings.
415:, independent from the
5833:Augustus II the Strong
5750:Władysław III of Varna
5634:Dukes of Little Poland
5539:Władysław II the Exile
5494:Casimir I the Restorer
5488:Bolesław the Forgotten
4727:870–1198 (Dukes)
4385:Vlasto, A. P. (1970).
3891:, Wrocław 2008, p. 62.
3887:Przemysław Wiszewski:
3627:. 5 August 2006. p. 11
3596:. 5 August 2006. p. 10
2924:"Ciekawostki o bobrze"
2011:
1996:
1988:
1969:
1650:
1642:
1608:
1606:, in Chapter 6 of his
1531:
1481:
1477:The Deeds of Conrad II
1417:
1394:Last years (1019–1025)
1362:, opening the road to
1176:
1134:Richeza of Lotharingia
1120:to King Henry for the
1008:
950:Margraviate of Meissen
941:
859:
793:
738:
645:
625:
607:Boleslav II of Bohemia
5775:Sigismund II Augustus
5745:Władysław II Jagiełło
5722:Louis I the Hungarian
5704:Casimir III the Great
5599:Bolesław V the Chaste
5574:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
5544:Bolesław IV the Curly
5514:Bolesław III Wrymouth
5421:Piast the Wheelwright
4675:Přemysl the Ploughman
4487:Bolesław I the Brave
4477:Boleslaus I of Poland
4013:Ottonian Germany: The
3277:Makk, Ferenc (1993).
2200:, pp. xliii, 35.
2176:, pp. 51, 60–68.
1897:Boleslaus I the Brave
1878:Boleslaus I of Poland
1655:Thietmar of Merseburg
1648:
1629:
1548:Casimir III the Great
1526:
1442:Tadeusz Wojciechowski
1407:
1161:
1147:and granddaughter of
1003:with the inscription
998:
970:Margrave Gero's march
939:
932:Expansion (1002–1018)
851:Thietmar of Merseburg
780:
715:
650:Thietmar of Merseburg
631:
620:
337:in 1025. He was also
5948:Bolesław I the Brave
5818:John II Casimir Vasa
5737:Jagiellonian dynasty
5699:Władysław I Łokietek
5499:Bolesław II the Bold
5472:Bolesław I the Brave
4948:Henry the Carinthian
4876:Vladislaus III Henry
4479:at Wikimedia Commons
4448:. Hippocrene Books.
3157:(ch. 5.30.), p. 225.
2824:(ch. 4.46.), p. 185.
2808:(ch. 4.46.), p. 184.
2684:(ch. 5.10.), p. 212.
2604:(ch. 4.45.), p. 183.
2311:(ch. 4.58.), p. 193.
2252:(ch. 4.58.), p. 192.
1818:Sviatopolk I of Kiev
1768:Marriages and Issue:
1730:, was born in 1000.
1724:Sviatopolk I of Kiev
1653:The contemporaneous
1505:Stanisław Zakrzewski
962:Henry of Schweinfurt
774:" from the Emperor.
655:Przemysław Wiszewski
552:his father's baptism
351:Western Christianity
313:Bolesław I the Brave
35:Bolesław I the Brave
5770:Sigismund I the Old
5714:Capet-Anjou dynasty
5604:Leszek II the Black
5594:Bolesław the Horned
5554:Casimir II the Just
5549:Mieszko III the Old
5280:Wittelsbach dynasty
4774:Boleslaus the Brave
4565:Saxon Eastern March
3836:, pp. 471–472.
3760:, pp. 309–310.
3675:, pp. 308–309.
3663:, pp. 311–312.
3651:, pp. 311–313.
3372:Olszowski, Michał.
3060:(ch. 5.9.), p. 211.
2588:, pp. 125–126.
2529:, pp. 104–105.
2406:, pp. 124–125.
2347:, pp. 144–145.
2036:, Ossolineum, 1989.
1863:Marcello Baciarelli
1838:Otto of Schweinfurt
1751:Otto of Schweinfurt
1743:Eckard I of Meissen
1663:Margrave of Meissen
1430:Congress of Gniezno
1267:Eckard I of Meissen
964:, Bolesław invaded
946:Henry IV of Bavaria
875:Adémar de Chabannes
721:Congress of Gniezno
708:Congress of Gniezno
591:Oda of Haldensleben
528:Mieszko I of Poland
514:, divided into 240
401:Congress of Gniezno
382:Oda of Haldensleben
370:Mieszko I of Poland
285:Mieszko I of Poland
5943:Christian monarchs
5923:People from Poznań
5808:Sigismund III Vasa
5659:Dukes of Pomerania
5589:Henry II the Pious
5504:Władysław I Herman
5482:Mieszko II Lambert
5332:Monarchs of Poland
4820:Svatopluk the Lion
4531:Mieszko II Lambert
4521:Duke of the Polans
3397:. 28 February 2011
2792:(ch. 8.2), p. 362.
2493:(ch. 26.), p. 167.
2454:(ch. 25.), p. 165.
2111:, pp. 57, 60.
1970:Bolesław I Chrobry
1811:Mieszko II Lambert
1758:Vladimir the Great
1720:Mieszko II Lambert
1651:
1643:
1584:Czartoryski Museum
1532:
1513:counts of Tusculum
1418:
1372:Vladimir I of Kiev
1323:'s reported 1,000
1293:War in Kiev (1018)
1223:Henry V of Bavaria
1177:
1136:, daughter of the
1030:Kingdom of Hungary
1009:
942:
794:
770:with the lance of
764:Kingdom of Germany
739:
726:Chronica Polonorum
692:Adalbert of Prague
646:
626:
576:Tadeusz Manteuffel
542:as Doubravka. His
530:and his wife, the
386:Adalbert of Prague
374:Dobrawa of Bohemia
372:by his first wife
345:. A member of the
327:Bolesław the Great
295:Dobrawa of Bohemia
255:Mieszko II Lambert
214:Emnilda of Lusatia
145:Mieszko II Lambert
5928:Polish Christians
5870:
5869:
5828:John III Sobieski
5813:Władysław IV Vasa
5785:Elective monarchy
5669:Přemyslid dynasty
5584:Henry the Bearded
5298:
5297:
5252:
5251:
5202:Habsburg-Lorraine
5196:
5195:
5111:
5110:
5077:
5076:
5045:
5044:
5006:
5005:
4961:
4960:
4920:
4919:
4600:
4599:
4591:Succeeded by
4528:Succeeded by
4475:Media related to
4434:978-0-813-21713-0
4415:978-90-04-18142-7
4396:978-0-521-10758-7
4377:978-8-323-13886-0
4358:978-80-246-1645-2
4339:978-1-4094-2245-7
4320:978-3-406-49436-9
4301:978-8-388-73171-6
4282:978-0-865-65952-0
4263:978-83-70-23888-9
4242:978-0-582-49034-5
4204:978-1-498-56913-2
4146:978-0-231-12817-9
4134:(Revised Edition)
4120:978-0-521-78156-5
4082:978-83-01-14816-4
4062:Secondary sources
4040:978-0-231-12121-7
4007:978-615-5225-20-8
3992:978-615-5225-20-8
3964:, pp. 77–78.
3623:. Primary author
3592:. Primary author
3482:Michael Schmidt.
3318:Jan M Piskorski,
3244:, pp. 66–67.
3072:, pp. 21–22.
3044:, pp. 64–65.
2911:Pleszczyński 2001
2901:(ch. 8.), p. 237.
2762:Pleszczyński 2001
2625:Pleszczyński 2001
2430:, pp. 57–58.
2362:Pleszczyński 2001
2323:, p. xxxvii.
2284:, pp. 56–57.
2267:Pleszczyński 2001
1901:Aleksander Lesser
1824:Otto Bolesławowic
1780:Judith of Hungary
1718:in 1002 or 1003.
1413:, as imagined by
1344:Yaroslav the Wise
1167:Seeon Evangeliary
1098:counter-offensive
919:Bruno of Querfurt
912:]. The title
890:Renovatio imperii
768:cross of our Lord
731:Maciej Miechowita
653:order. Historian
603:Henryk Łowmiański
394:Holy Roman Empire
390:Bruno of Querfurt
376:, Bolesław ruled
355:rank of a kingdom
310:
309:
209:Judith of Hungary
175:(aged 57–58)
16:(Redirected from
5955:
5918:Dukes of Bohemia
5644:Dukes of Kuyavia
5639:Dukes of Masovia
5624:Dukes of Silesia
5609:Henryk IV Probus
5569:Władysław Odonic
5559:Leszek the White
5325:
5318:
5311:
5302:
5276:Elector Palatine
5207:
5122:
5088:
5054:
5033:
5017:
4972:
4938:
4928:
4871:Henry Bretislaus
4749:Saint Wenceslaus
4726:
4650:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4603:
4574:Preceded by
4554:Preceded by
4511:Preceded by
4506:
4499:
4483:
4474:
4459:
4438:
4419:
4400:
4381:
4362:
4343:
4324:
4305:
4286:
4267:
4246:
4227:
4208:
4189:
4167:
4150:
4138:
4124:
4105:
4086:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3952:, p. XLIII.
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3892:
3885:
3879:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3748:(ch. 9.), p. 75.
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3608:
3597:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3546:
3531:Bolesław Chrobry
3527:
3516:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3463:on 19 April 2017
3459:. Archived from
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3353:on 19 April 2017
3349:. Archived from
3343:
3337:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3296:
3295:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3218:Bolesław Chrobry
3214:
3173:
3167:
3158:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3096:
3090:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3018:Bolesław Chrobry
3014:
3008:
3002:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2840:
2834:
2825:
2815:
2809:
2799:
2793:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2733:(ch. 6.), p. 39.
2728:
2719:
2718:(ch. 6.), p. 37.
2713:
2702:
2696:
2685:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2640:
2639:(ch. 6.), p. 35.
2634:
2628:
2622:
2605:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2560:
2554:
2545:
2539:
2530:
2524:
2515:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2380:
2374:
2365:
2359:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2302:
2285:
2279:
2270:
2264:
2253:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2156:
2150:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2085:
2084:, p. xliii.
2079:
2062:
2047:Bolesław Chrobry
2043:
2037:
2030:
2014:
2005:
1999:
1989:Boleslav Chrabrý
1982:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1911:
1893:
1874:
1855:
1748:
1740:
1613:
1536:Cosmas of Prague
1529:Poznań Cathedral
1519:Death and burial
1503:from the south.
1479:
1461:Wipo of Burgundy
1309:Peace of Bautzen
1243:Peace of Bautzen
1214:and his forces.
1212:Henry the Strong
1175:
1174: 1014–1024
1172:
1165:depicted in the
1122:March of Lusatia
900:Jerzy Strzelczyk
886:Alexis P. Vlasto
857:
823:bishop of Poznań
743:Radim Gaudentius
736:
643:
624:in the year 1000
599:Jerzy Strzelczyk
549:
441:Peace of Bautzen
439:, ending in the
409:metropolitan see
321:
318:
238:
200:Unknown daughter
174:
163:
160:
60:
57:
44:
32:
21:
18:Bolesław Chrobry
5963:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5913:Dukes of Poland
5908:Kings of Poland
5873:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5852:
5803:Stephen Báthory
5793:Henry of Valois
5779:
5731:
5708:
5684:
5663:
5525:
5518:
5453:
5425:
5334:
5329:
5299:
5294:
5248:
5210:1780–1918
5192:
5125:1526–1780
5107:
5091:1471–1526
5073:
5057:1457–1471
5041:
5031:
5020:1437–1457
5002:
4975:1310–1437
4957:
4941:1306–1310
4929:
4916:
4880:
4719:
4639:
4630:
4596:
4587:
4584:Duke of Bohemia
4579:
4568:
4559:
4548:
4533:
4524:
4516:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4441:
4435:
4422:
4416:
4403:
4397:
4384:
4378:
4365:
4359:
4346:
4340:
4327:
4321:
4308:
4302:
4289:
4283:
4270:
4264:
4249:
4243:
4230:
4224:
4211:
4205:
4192:
4186:
4170:
4153:
4147:
4127:
4121:
4108:
4102:
4089:
4083:
4068:
4064:
4059:
3978:
3976:Primary sources
3973:
3968:
3962:Manteuffel 1982
3960:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3926:Manteuffel 1982
3924:
3920:
3912:
3895:
3886:
3882:
3873:
3869:
3863:Nungovitch 2019
3861:
3852:
3844:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3795:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3744:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3720:
3716:
3708:
3704:
3695:
3691:
3685:Manteuffel 1982
3683:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3643:
3635:
3631:
3609:
3600:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3528:
3519:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3322:, 1999, p. 32,
3317:
3313:
3308:
3299:
3292:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3265:Manteuffel 1982
3263:
3248:
3242:Manteuffel 1982
3240:
3236:
3215:
3176:
3170:Manteuffel 1982
3168:
3161:
3149:
3145:
3137:
3128:
3120:
3116:
3108:
3099:
3093:Manteuffel 1982
3091:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3052:
3048:
3042:Manteuffel 1982
3040:
3036:
3015:
3011:
3005:Manteuffel 1982
3003:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2887:Strzelczyk 2003
2885:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2858:
2843:
2837:Manteuffel 1982
2835:
2828:
2816:
2812:
2800:
2796:
2784:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2722:
2714:
2705:
2699:Manteuffel 1982
2697:
2688:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2652:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2608:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2563:
2557:Manteuffel 1982
2555:
2548:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2518:
2512:Manteuffel 1982
2510:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2440:Manteuffel 1982
2438:
2434:
2428:Manteuffel 1982
2426:
2422:
2416:Manteuffel 1982
2414:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2383:
2377:Manteuffel 1982
2375:
2368:
2360:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2303:
2288:
2282:Manteuffel 1982
2280:
2273:
2265:
2256:
2244:
2240:
2236:, p. xlii.
2232:
2228:
2222:Manteuffel 1982
2220:
2216:
2212:, pp. 8–9.
2208:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2186:Manteuffel 1982
2184:
2180:
2172:
2159:
2153:Manteuffel 1982
2151:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2065:
2044:
2040:
2034:Historia Polski
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2012:Bolesław Wielki
2006:
2002:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1947:Siege of Lubusz
1922:
1915:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1880:, a drawing by
1875:
1866:
1856:
1847:
1624:
1604:Gallus Anonymus
1521:
1480:
1471:
1402:
1396:
1386:, later called
1384:Red Strongholds
1380:the Golden Gate
1356:primary sources
1313:Kiev Expedition
1301:
1295:
1251:Sorbian Meissen
1185:crowned emperor
1173:
1149:Emperor Otto II
1005:Princes Polonie
948:, promised the
934:
858:
849:
755:Gallus Anonymus
710:
704:
688:Slavník dynasty
615:
547:
524:
339:Duke of Bohemia
319:
264:
232:
231:
223:
188:
172:
161:
92:Duke of Bohemia
61:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5961:
5959:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5875:
5874:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5798:Anna Jagiellon
5795:
5789:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5718:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:Wenceslaus III
5678:
5673:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5530:
5528:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5463:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5431:Proto-historic
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5344:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5305:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5285:Prince-elector
5282:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5261:Duke of Poland
5257:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5240:
5238:Francis Joseph
5235:
5230:
5224:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5182:Charles Albert
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5023:
5021:
5014:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4982:John the Blind
4978:
4976:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4912:Wenceslaus III
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4856:Conrad II Otto
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4728:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4606:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4589:
4580:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4545:King of Poland
4541:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4526:
4517:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4489:
4486:
4481:
4480:
4466:
4465:External links
4463:
4461:
4460:
4454:
4439:
4433:
4420:
4414:
4401:
4395:
4382:
4376:
4363:
4357:
4344:
4338:
4325:
4319:
4306:
4300:
4287:
4281:
4268:
4262:
4247:
4241:
4228:
4222:
4209:
4203:
4190:
4184:
4168:
4151:
4145:
4125:
4119:
4106:
4100:
4087:
4081:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4043:
4028:
4010:
3995:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3954:
3950:Wiszewski 2010
3942:
3940:, p. 376.
3938:Wiszewski 2010
3930:
3918:
3914:Wiszewski 2010
3893:
3880:
3867:
3850:
3846:Wiszewski 2010
3838:
3834:Wiszewski 2010
3826:
3824:, p. 312.
3822:Urbańczyk 2017
3814:
3812:, p. 104.
3810:Wolverton 2009
3802:
3789:
3777:
3775:, p. 310.
3773:Urbańczyk 2017
3762:
3758:Urbańczyk 2017
3750:
3738:
3726:
3724:, p. 311.
3722:Urbańczyk 2017
3714:
3712:, p. 291.
3702:
3689:
3677:
3673:Urbańczyk 2017
3665:
3661:Urbańczyk 2017
3653:
3649:Urbańczyk 2017
3641:
3639:, p. 287.
3629:
3625:Rafał Jaworski
3616:Rzeczpospolita
3598:
3594:Rafał Jaworski
3586:Rzeczpospolita
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3517:
3497:
3474:
3448:
3426:
3417:
3408:
3386:
3364:
3338:
3311:
3297:
3290:
3269:
3246:
3234:
3174:
3159:
3143:
3141:, p. 142.
3126:
3114:
3112:, p. 260.
3097:
3074:
3062:
3046:
3034:
3009:
2992:
2979:Lasy Państwowe
2966:
2941:
2915:
2913:, p. 421.
2903:
2891:
2876:
2864:
2862:, p. 127.
2841:
2826:
2810:
2794:
2778:
2776:, p. 122.
2766:
2764:, p. 420.
2747:
2745:, p. 121.
2735:
2720:
2703:
2686:
2670:
2658:
2641:
2629:
2627:, p. 419.
2606:
2590:
2578:
2576:, p. 264.
2561:
2546:
2544:, p. 105.
2531:
2516:
2495:
2483:
2481:, p. 255.
2471:
2467:Wiszewski 2010
2456:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2394:, p. 125.
2381:
2366:
2364:, p. 416.
2349:
2337:
2335:, p. 145.
2325:
2321:Wiszewski 2010
2313:
2286:
2271:
2269:, p. 417.
2254:
2238:
2234:Wiszewski 2010
2226:
2214:
2210:Wiszewski 2010
2202:
2198:Wiszewski 2010
2190:
2178:
2157:
2142:
2140:, p. 163.
2130:
2126:Wiszewski 2010
2113:
2109:Wiszewski 2010
2101:
2099:, p. 115.
2086:
2082:Wiszewski 2010
2063:
2038:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2000:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1888:
1886:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1857:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1831:Oda of Meissen
1828:
1827:
1826:(c. 1000–1033)
1821:
1814:
1808:
1801:
1791:
1790:
1623:
1620:
1568:Tadeusz Czacki
1520:
1517:
1469:
1398:Main article:
1395:
1392:
1297:Main article:
1294:
1291:
1283:Groß-Seitschen
1138:Count Palatine
1060:a peace treaty
933:
930:
864:drinking-horns
847:
706:Main article:
703:
700:
666:Polabian Slavs
614:
611:
523:
520:
335:King of Poland
331:Duke of Poland
308:
307:
302:
298:
297:
292:
288:
287:
282:
278:
277:
272:
266:
265:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
241:
239:
225:
224:
222:
221:
219:Oda of Meissen
216:
211:
206:
196:
194:
190:
189:
183:
181:
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
156:
152:
151:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
127:King of Poland
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
67:Duke of Poland
63:
62:
48:Saint Adalbert
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5960:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5933:Piast dynasty
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:John I Albert
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5691:Piast dynasty
5687:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5676:Wenceslaus II
5674:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5527:
5524:Fragmentation
5521:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5459:Piast dynasty
5456:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5428:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5326:
5321:
5319:
5314:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5290:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5265:Piast dynasty
5262:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5189:
5188:Maria Theresa
5186:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5162:Ferdinand III
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5098:Vladislaus II
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5038:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5009:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4993:Wenceslaus IV
4991:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4907:Wenceslaus II
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4861:Wenceslaus II
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4835:Vladislaus II
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4810:Bretislaus II
4808:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4799:Vratislaus II
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:Boleslaus III
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4627:
4622:
4620:
4615:
4613:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4595:
4586:
4585:
4578:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4558:
4552:
4547:
4546:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4523:
4522:
4515:
4509:
4504:
4497:
4492:
4491:Piast Dynasty
4484:
4478:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4457:
4455:0-7818-0200-8
4451:
4447:
4446:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4417:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4398:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4255:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:. Routledge.
4234:
4229:
4225:
4223:83-7181-211-6
4219:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4185:0-8143-1682-4
4181:
4177:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4101:0-8014-3977-9
4097:
4093:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4054:963-9241-40-7
4051:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4025:0-7190-4926-1
4022:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3963:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3928:, p. 53.
3927:
3922:
3919:
3916:, p. 39.
3915:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3865:, p. 98.
3864:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3848:, p. 56.
3847:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3787:, p. 80.
3786:
3785:Sochacki 2003
3781:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3739:
3736:, p. 19.
3735:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3687:, p. 75.
3686:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3543:83-04-00148-9
3540:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3514:3-86596-015-4
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3486:. Hov.isgv.de
3485:
3478:
3475:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3437:
3430:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3375:
3368:
3365:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3328:83-906184-8-6
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3291:963-04-2913-6
3287:
3283:
3280:
3273:
3270:
3267:, p. 67.
3266:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3230:83-04-00148-9
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3172:, p. 66.
3171:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3124:, p. 78.
3123:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3095:, p. 65.
3094:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:Thompson 2012
3066:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3030:83-04-00148-9
3027:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3007:, p. 64.
3006:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2892:
2889:, p. 24.
2888:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2874:, p. 13.
2873:
2872:Zamoyski 1987
2868:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:, p. 63.
2838:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2701:, p. 62.
2700:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2668:, p. 14.
2667:
2666:Zamoyski 1987
2662:
2659:
2656:, p. 21.
2655:
2654:Thompson 2012
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2559:, p. 61.
2558:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2514:, p. 60.
2513:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2469:, p. 13.
2468:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2442:, p. 58.
2441:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2418:, p. 57.
2417:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2379:, p. 56.
2378:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2224:, p. 55.
2223:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2188:, p. 52.
2187:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:Barański 2008
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2155:, p. 51.
2154:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2128:, p. 63.
2127:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2059:83-04-00148-9
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1835:
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1833:
1832:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1788:
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1781:
1776:
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1770:
1769:
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1759:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1647:
1640:
1637:, created by
1636:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:chapter house
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1534:According to
1530:
1525:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:Pope John XIX
1478:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1438:Easter Sunday
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
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1369:
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1361:
1357:
1353:
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1337:
1333:
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1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1288:
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1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:Eastern March
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:territories.
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1021:Dušan Třeštík
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
938:
931:
929:
927:
922:
920:
915:
911:
910:
903:
901:
897:
896:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
856:
852:
846:
844:
840:
836:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:Peter's Pence
812:
808:
804:
800:
792:
788:
784:
779:
775:
773:
769:
765:
759:
756:
752:
748:
744:
732:
728:
727:
722:
718:
714:
709:
701:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
679:
675:
671:
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663:
658:
656:
651:
639:
637:
630:
623:
619:
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
595:Lesser Poland
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
521:
519:
517:
513:
512:
507:
506:monetary unit
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
459:
454:
450:
446:
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438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Lesser Poland
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:Piast dynasty
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
314:
306:
303:
299:
296:
293:
289:
286:
283:
279:
276:
273:
271:
267:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
240:
237:
236:
230:
226:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
201:
198:
197:
195:
191:
186:
182:
178:
170:
166:
157:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
110:Boleslaus III
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
64:
53:
52:Gniezno Doors
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5860:
5843:Augustus III
5620:
5531:
5486:
5471:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5152:Ferdinand II
5083:Jagiellonian
5050:Non-dynastic
4934:Non-dynastic
4897:Wenceslaus I
4846:Sobeslaus II
4825:Vladislaus I
4794:Spytihněv II
4789:Bretislaus I
4773:
4759:Boleslaus II
4744:Vratislaus I
4582:
4563:Margrave of
4562:
4543:
4538:
4519:
4505:17 June 1025
4502:
4495:
4490:
4444:
4424:
4405:
4386:
4367:
4348:
4329:
4310:
4291:
4272:
4254:
4251:
4232:
4213:
4194:
4176:
4172:
4155:
4135:
4131:
4110:
4091:
4073:
4070:
4045:
4031:
4016:
4012:
3998:
3983:
3957:
3945:
3933:
3921:
3888:
3883:
3875:
3870:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3797:
3792:
3780:
3753:
3745:
3741:
3729:
3717:
3710:Grabski 1964
3705:
3697:
3692:
3680:
3668:
3656:
3644:
3637:Grabski 1964
3632:
3615:
3610:
3581:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3534:
3530:
3505:
3500:
3488:. Retrieved
3477:
3465:. Retrieved
3461:the original
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
3429:
3420:
3411:
3399:. Retrieved
3389:
3377:. Retrieved
3367:
3355:. Retrieved
3351:the original
3341:
3319:
3314:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3237:
3221:
3217:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3122:Třeštík 2011
3117:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3037:
3021:
3017:
3012:
2983:. Retrieved
2978:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2953:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2927:
2918:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2867:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2769:
2738:
2730:
2715:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2661:
2636:
2632:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2581:
2574:Barford 2001
2490:
2486:
2479:Barford 2001
2474:
2451:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2340:
2328:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2229:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2138:Barford 2001
2133:
2104:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2028:
2003:
1961:
1896:
1877:
1858:
1829:
1792:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1755:
1732:
1689:
1678:
1672:. Historian
1668:
1652:
1639:Marcin Rożek
1630:
1615:
1599:
1592:
1560:
1533:
1501:Papal States
1482:
1476:
1466:
1459:
1419:
1408:
1388:Red Ruthenia
1346:, Prince of
1305:Sviatopolk I
1302:
1278:
1274:
1216:
1178:
1087:
1049:
1034:
1010:
943:
923:
913:
907:
904:
893:
889:
883:
868:
860:
854:
843:Septuagesima
832:
795:
760:
747:Sylvester II
740:
724:
682:
659:
647:
633:
588:
574:. Historian
559:
548:11th century
543:
525:
509:
490:Red Ruthenia
467:
456:
449:Sviatopolk I
398:
367:
358:
343:Boleslaus IV
342:
326:
312:
311:
233:
173:(1025-06-17)
171:17 June 1025
29:
5888:1025 deaths
5838:Stanisław I
5614:Przemysł II
5233:Ferdinand V
5147:Matthias II
5132:Ferdinand I
5032:Interregnum
4830:Sobeslaus I
4754:Boleslaus I
4739:Spytihněv I
4525:992 – 1025
3621:Mówią Wieki
3590:Mówią Wieki
3110:Reuter 2013
2981:(in Polish)
2930:(in Polish)
2860:Vlasto 1970
2586:Vlasto 1970
2542:Vlasto 1970
2527:Vlasto 1970
2404:Vlasto 1970
2392:Vlasto 1970
2097:Vlasto 1970
1882:Jan Matejko
1700:Brandenburg
1667:Thietmar's
1556:sarcophagus
1540:Jan Długosz
1434:interregnum
1415:Jan Matejko
1332:mercenaries
1317:Kievan Rus'
1153:Kievan Rus'
1145:Lotharingia
999:Bolesław's
879:Charlemagne
835:fornication
772:St. Maurice
634:Bolizavs -
538:, known in
453:Golden Gate
368:The son of
106:Predecessor
81:Predecessor
59: 1170
5883:967 births
5877:Categories
5755:Casimir IV
5398:Leszko III
5227:Francis II
5222:Leopold II
5177:Charles II
5142:Rudolph II
5137:Maximilian
5069:Matthias I
4987:Charles IV
4967:Luxembourg
4902:Ottokar II
4815:Bořivoj II
4588:1003–1004
4569:1002–1025
4498:966 or 967
4015:Chronicon
3490:12 January
3153:Chronicon
3056:Chronicon
2928:puszcza.tv
2820:Chronicon
2804:Chronicon
2788:Chronicon
2680:Chronicon
2600:Chronicon
2307:Chronicon
2248:Chronicon
2021:References
1704:Liudolfing
1602:). Later,
1422:coronation
1378:) hitting
1376:Szczerbiec
906: [
895:foederatus
787:Wawel Hill
783:Holy Lance
522:Early life
474:strategist
463:coronation
458:Szczerbiec
421:Bishoprics
365:for king.
320: 967
162: 967
5765:Alexander
5689:Restored
5621:See also:
5467:Mieszko I
5449:Siemomysł
5416:Chościsko
5411:Popiel II
5391:Leszko II
5363:Krakus II
5340:Legendary
5278:from the
5263:from the
5243:Charles I
5217:Joseph II
5167:Leopold I
5157:Frederick
4998:Sigismund
4953:Rudolph I
4892:Ottokar I
4866:Ottokar I
4851:Frederick
4841:Frederick
4734:Bořivoj I
4705:Křesomysl
4653:Legendary
4645:Přemyslid
4539:New title
4514:Mieszko I
4408:. Brill.
4164:313427345
1884:, c. 1890
1865:, c. 1770
1712:Regelinda
1708:Vistulans
1669:Chronicon
1574:) in the
1509:Conrad II
1440:although
1336:Bug River
1329:Hungarian
1325:Pechenegs
1114:Merseburg
1079:Pomerania
871:Magdeburg
855:Chronicon
803:Kołobrzeg
670:Abodrites
644:992–1000.
534:princess
478:statesman
433:Kołobrzeg
250:Regelinda
141:Successor
136:1025–1025
116:Successor
101:1003–1004
85:Mieszko I
5579:Konrad I
5509:Zbigniew
5439:Siemowit
5405:Popiel I
5384:Leszko I
5356:Krakus I
5272:Antiking
5172:Joseph I
5117:Habsburg
5012:Habsburg
4805:Conrad I
4769:Vladivoj
4715:Hostivít
4685:Nezamysl
4633:Monarchs
4577:Vladivoj
3800:, p. 34.
3545:. p. 252
3467:18 April
3441:18 April
3401:18 April
3379:18 April
3357:18 April
3335:43087092
3232:. p. 251
3032:. p. 250
2061:. p. 248
1920:See also
1696:Dobromir
1576:Volhynia
1572:Pavlivka
1493:Basil II
1470:—
1368:Pecheneg
1360:Novgorod
1321:Thietmar
1279:Sciciani
1275:Cziczani
1193:Moravian
1163:Henry II
1102:Walthard
1072:Bohemian
1045:Soběslav
1017:Vladivoj
1001:denarius
986:Gunzelin
914:princeps
848:—
684:Soběslav
678:Otto III
572:Holy See
532:Bohemian
482:Slovakia
437:Henry II
405:Otto III
324:known as
301:Religion
187:, Poznań
76:992–1025
5861:Italics
5727:Jadwiga
5477:Bezprym
5370:Lech II
5289:Bavaria
4784:Oldřich
4779:Jaromír
4700:Vnislav
4680:Valasca
4637:Bohemia
4594:Jaromír
3971:Sources
2985:28 July
2959:28 July
2934:28 July
1845:Gallery
1794:Emnilda
1787:Bezprym
1762:Rogneda
1692:Emnilda
1685:Bezprym
1635:Gniezno
1600:Chrobry
1595:epitaph
1455:Bohemia
1447:Gniezno
1426:epitaph
1338:, near
1253:not as
1247:Lusatia
1239:Bohemia
1231:Niemcza
1219:Meissen
1204:Gero II
1196:knights
1181:Oldrich
1126:Meissen
1106:Lusatia
1090:Oldřich
1068:Meissen
1064:Lusatia
1052:Meissen
1041:Jaromír
1026:Moravia
982:Meissen
978:Strehla
974:Bautzen
966:Lusatia
926:beavers
839:scrotum
811:Wrocław
696:Gniezno
638:civitas
636:gnezdvn
560:Epitaph
544:Epitaph
536:Dobrawa
516:denarii
511:grzywna
502:Bohemia
498:Lusatia
494:Meissen
486:Moravia
429:Wrocław
413:Gniezno
399:At the
270:Dynasty
245:Bezprym
120:Jaromír
5526:period
5444:Lestek
5349:Lech I
5064:George
5027:Albert
4710:Neklan
4670:Libuše
4557:Odo II
4501:
4452:
4431:
4412:
4393:
4374:
4355:
4336:
4317:
4298:
4279:
4260:
4239:
4220:
4201:
4182:
4162:
4143:
4117:
4098:
4079:
4052:
4038:
4023:
4005:
3990:
3796:Wipo:
3541:
3512:
3333:
3326:
3288:
3228:
3028:
2057:
2008:Polish
1977:Polish
1966:Polish
1774:Rikdag
1659:Rikdag
1622:Family
1588:Puławy
1552:Gothic
1497:Sicily
1489:bribes
1451:Poznań
1354:. All
1287:Zützen
1277:(also
1271:castle
1227:Głogów
1118:homage
1110:Lubusz
1075:throne
1058:where
1056:Poznań
1037:Lutici
990:Herman
807:Kraków
791:Kraków
751:legate
674:Veleti
622:Poland
508:, the
500:, and
431:, and
425:Kraków
329:, was
291:Mother
281:Father
235:Detail
204:Rikdag
180:Burial
5377:Wanda
5245:(III)
5184:(II)
5103:Louis
4695:Vojen
4690:Mnata
4660:Czech
4549:1025
4503:Died:
4496:Born:
1993:Latin
1985:Czech
1953:Notes
1340:Wołyń
1255:fiefs
1235:Czech
1130:fiefs
1011:Duke
827:fasts
819:Unger
540:Czech
470:Piast
363:Latin
275:Piast
229:Issue
193:Wives
133:Reign
98:Reign
73:Reign
4665:Krok
4450:ISBN
4429:ISBN
4410:ISBN
4391:ISBN
4372:ISBN
4353:ISBN
4334:ISBN
4315:ISBN
4296:ISBN
4277:ISBN
4258:ISBN
4237:ISBN
4218:ISBN
4199:ISBN
4180:ISBN
4160:OCLC
4141:ISBN
4115:ISBN
4096:ISBN
4077:ISBN
4050:ISBN
4036:ISBN
4021:ISBN
4003:ISBN
3988:ISBN
3619:and
3588:and
3539:ISBN
3510:ISBN
3492:2013
3469:2017
3443:2017
3403:2017
3381:2017
3359:2017
3331:OCLC
3324:ISBN
3286:ISBN
3226:ISBN
3026:ISBN
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