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and a box-shaped baptismal font in soapstone. The pulpit is from the period 1550–1570 and the altarpiece dates from 1654, while the frame around the tablet is dated to 1620. The painting on the altarpiece shows the crucifixion in the centre, flanked by the Virgin Mary on the left and John the
Baptist on the right. In the tympanum field, a white dove hovers on a blue background. Below the painting is an inscription with golden letters on a black background. A sacrament from the period 1550–1570 in the same style as the pulpit is also preserved. A restoration of the building was carried out in the early 1870s, led by the architect Christian Christie, who removed benches, a second-floor gallery with seating, a ceiling over the chancel, and various windows including two large windows on the north and south sides. As the goal was to return the church to pre-Reformation condition, all post-Reformation interior paintwork was also removed.
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which runs in between. The double interval provides free access from the south portal to the church's central compartment, which would otherwise have been obstructed by the middle bar. The tops of the poles are finished with grotesque, carved human and animal masks. The tie-bars are secured with braces in the form of St. Andrew's crosses with a sun - shaped center and carved leaf shapes along the arms. The crosses reappear in less ornate form as braces along the church walls. On the north and south sides of the nave, a total of eight windows let in small amounts of light, and at the top of the nave's west gable is a window of more recent date - probably from pre-Reformation times. On the south wall of the nave, the inauguration crosses are still on the inside of the wall. The interior choir walls and west portal have engraved figures and
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carving shares similarities with the west portal of Ål Stave Church, which also has kites in a band braiding pattern, and follows the usual composition in the Sogn-Valdres portals, a larger group of portals with very clear similarities. Bugge writes that
Christian authority may have come to terms with such pagan and "wild scenes" in the church building because the rift could be interpreted as a struggle between good and evil; in Christian medieval art, the dragon was often used as a symbol of the devil himself but Bugge believes that the carvings were protective, like the dragon heads on the church roof.
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542:, this is reminiscent of contemporary second story galleries of large stone churches elsewhere in Europe. Smaller beams running between these upper supporting columns help clamp everything firmly together. The weight of the roof is thus supported by buttresses and columns, preventing downward and outward movement of the stave walls.
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To the south of the church is a free-standing stave-work bell tower that covers remnants of the mediaeval foundry used to cast the church bell. It was probably built in the mid-13th century. It is Norway's only remaining free-standing stave-work bell tower.It was given a new door around the year 1700
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The medieval interior of the stave church is almost untouched, save for its restorations and repairs, though the medieval crucifix was removed after the
Reformation. The original wooden floor and the benches that run along the walls of the nave are largely intact, together with a medieval stone altar
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The interior structure of the church is characterized by the twelve free-standing columns that support the nave's elevated central space. On the long side of the church there is a double interval between the second and third pillars, but with a half pillar resting on the lower bracing beam (the pier)
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On the lower side panel of the steeple are four carved circular cutouts. The carvings are weather-beaten, tarred and difficult to decipher, and there is disagreement about what they symbolize. Some believe they represent the four evangelists, symbolised by an eagle, an ox, a lion and a man. Hauglid
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The church's west portal (the nave's main entrance), is surrounded by a larger carving of dragons biting each other in the neck and tail. At the bottom of the half-columns that flank the front entrance, two dragon heads spew vine stalks that wind upwards and are braided into the dragons above. The
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Images from the 1990s show deer antlers hung on the lower, east-facing pillars. A local story claims that this is all that remains of a whole stuffed reindeer, shot when it tried to enter during a Mass. A travelogue from 1668 claims that a reindeer was shot during a sermon "when it marched like a
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to prevent collapse. Additional support is given by a truss that cuts across the "X", below the crossing point but above the bottom truss. The roof is steeply pitched, boarded horizontally and clad with shingles. The original outer roof would have been weatherproofed with boards laid lengthwise,
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heads are perhaps the most distinctive of all non-Christian symbols adorning
Borgund Stave Church. Their function is uncertain, and disputed; if pagan, they are recruited to the Christian cause in the battle between Good and Evil. They may have been intended to keep away evil spirits thought to
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but this was removed and not replaced at some time between the 1920s and 1940s, leaving the foundry pit exposed. To preserve the interior, new walls were built as cladding on the outside of the stave walls in the 1990s. One of the medieval bells is on display in the new
Borgund church.
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Borgund Stave Church was built sometime between 1180 and 1250 AD with later additions and restorations. Its walls are formed by vertical wooden boards, or staves, hence the name "stave church." The four corner posts are connected to one another by
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Structurally, the building has been described as a "cube within a cube", each independent of the other. The inner "cube" is formed by continuous columns that rise from ground level to support the roof. The top of the arcade is formed by arched
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Most of the internal fittings have been removed. There is little in the building, apart from the row of benches that are installed along the wall inside the church in the ambulatory outside of the arcade and raised platform, a
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runs around this platform and into the chancel and apse, both added in the 14th century. An additional ambulatory, in the form of a porch, runs around the exterior of the building, sheltered under the overhanging
1098:
Sheldon, Gwendolyn, "The Origin of the
Norwegian Stave Church" at the Third Annual North American Interdisciplinary Conference on Medieval Icelandic Studies, Cornell University, May 2008, pp. 3–4
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in
English for the stave church was published in 1898. From 2001, the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage has funded a program to research, restore, conserve and maintain stave churches.
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common in Norway and Europe in this period. Borgund's current dragon heads are possible 18th century replacements; similar, original dragon heads remain on older structures, such as
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was built in 1868 a short distance south of the old church. The old church has not been formally used for religious purposes since that year. Borgund Stave Church was bought by the
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The church interior is dark, as not much daylight enters the building. Some of the few sources of natural light are narrow circular windows along the roof, examples of
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describes the carvings as "dragons that extend their heads over to the neighboring field's dragon and bite into it", and points out their similarity to carvings at
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In 1868 the building was abandoned as a church but was turned into a museum; this saved it from the commonplace demolition of stave churches in that period. A new
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469:, and is classified as a triple-nave stave church of the Sogn-type. Its grounds contain Norway's sole surviving stave-built free-standing bell tower.
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Picture taken from a book edited by J. C. C. Dahl, landscape painter and professor at the K. S. Academy of Fine Arts in
Dresden and Leipzig, 1837
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and other standard church furnishings were included, however these have been removed since the building has come under the protection of the
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rather than shingles. In later years wooden shingles became more common. Scissor beam roof construction is typical of most stave churches.
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for his problems; perhaps a residue of ancient beliefs, as these female beings were thought to rule the personal destinies of all in
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with an apse attached to one end in place of the fourth arm. The entries to the church are in the three shorter arms of the cross.
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The picture is taken from the
National Library's picture collection Borgund Stave Church, Lærdal, Sogn og Fjordane
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538:"; these carry arched supports that offer the visual equivalent of a "second storey". While not a functional
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to the columns. Above the arcade, the columns are linked by cross-shaped, diagonal trusses, commonly dubbed "
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598:. Borgund is one of the only stave churches to have preserved its crested ridge caps. They are carved with
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1040:. Fortidsminneforeningen (The Society for the Preservation of Norwegian Ancient Monuments). Archived from
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806:, built in 1908, is modeled on the Borgund church. Four replicas exist in the United States, one at
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Zilmer, Kristel. “Words in Wood and Stone: Uses of Runic
Writing in Medieval Norwegian Churches.”
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Buildings and structures owned by the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments
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Borgund has tiered, overhanging roofs, topped at their intersection by a shingle-roofed tower or
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that form an "X" shape with a narrow top span and a broader bottom span, tied by a bottom
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Picture from the work "Norge fremstillet i Tegninger" from 1848 by Christian Tønsberg
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Borgund Stave Church, the "new" Borgund Church, and the visitor center in the back
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1202:. Mark Jarzombek, Vikramaditya Prakash (Third ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey.
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This article is about the stave church in Lærdal, Norway. For other uses, see
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Stavkirken, Borgund, Martinus Rørbye, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, København, 1833
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threaten the church building; to ward off evil, rather than represent it.
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Borgund Stave Church Floorplan of the church, depicting the lower frame
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461:) until 1868, when its religious functions were transferred to a "new"
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1289:"Fortidsminneforeningen avdeling Sogn og Fjordane (Borgund stavkirke)"
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676:(The Society for the Preservation of Norwegian Ancient Monuments).
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One of the four dragon heads that adorn the church's gable ridges
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The church served as an example for the reconstruction of the
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505:. It has a raised central nave demarcated on four sides by an
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486:. The intervening staves rise from the ground sills; each is
445:. It was built around the year 1200 as the village church of
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Picture of Borgund Church with visible daylighting windows
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Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments
586:. Similar gable heads appear on small bronze church-shaped
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Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments
1473:"Scandinavian Heritage Association – Minot, North Dakota"
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Entranceway through pillared arch, Borgund Stave Church
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1504:Hauglid, Roar; trans. R. I. Christophersen (1970).
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915:Lion on arch decoration from Borgund Stave Church
1496:Bugge, Gunnar og Mezzanotte, Bernardino (1994).
1173:Bugge, Gunnar og Mezzanotte, Bernardino (1994).
737:wizard in front of the other animal carcasses".
1426:"Borgund Stave Church replica Lyme Connecticut"
724:Interior, showing arcade, supporting columns, "
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545:The roof beams are supported by steeply angled
1554:Borgund stave church in Fortidsminneforeningen
794:, in 1883 and for its rebuilding in 1997. The
574:that straddles the ridge. On each of its four
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683:Drawing of Borgund stave church by G. A. Bull
497:plan, with reduced side aisles, and an added
449:, and belonged to Lærdal parish (part of the
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1500:. Oslo: Grøndahl Dreyer. ISBN 82-504-2072-1.
1177:. Oslo: Grøndahl Dreyer. ISBN 82-504-2072-1.
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1559:Fortidsminneforeninga's stave church pages
1230:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1564:(there are also English and German pages)
1251:, Woodbridge: Boydell Press, p. 39,
975:(Modeled after The Borgund Stave Church)
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879:Picture taken in the period 1880 - 1890
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1573:Information about Borgund stave church
1245:MacLeod, Mindy; Mees, Bernard (2006),
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1955:12th-century establishments in Norway
1546:Borgund stave church in Stavkirke.org
1276:https://www.jstor.org/stable/48501802
1274:, vol. 12, 2016, pp. 199–227. JSTOR,
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1404:"History of the Chapel in the Hills"
1318:"Borgund stavkyrkje – Norges Kirker"
654:, when the church was converted for
1018:(in Norwegian). KirkeKonsulenten.no
826:at the Scandinavian Heritage Park.
493:Borgund Stave Church is built on a
642:font, an altar (with 17th-century
602:vine and entangled plant designs.
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1518:Norwegian Stave Church Sculpture
1199:A global history of architecture
1016:"Oversikt over Nåværende Kirker"
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371:Norwegian Cultural Heritage Site
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1272:Viking and Medieval Scandinavia
1248:Runic Amulets and Magic Objects
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29:Borgund Church (disambiguation)
1149:Anker og Havran (2005), s. 152
996:. Kirkesøk: Kirkebyggdatabasen
1:
1522:Scandinavian University Press
1196:Ching, Francis D. K. (2017).
121:Borgund Stave Church (Norway)
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963:List of churches in Bjørgvin
820:Washington Island, Wisconsin
1493:. Oslo. ISBN 82-09-01890-6.
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973:Washington Island Stavkirke
822:, and the fourth in Minot,
1981:
728:" and gallery arches above
34:Church in Vestland, Norway
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1945:Wooden churches in Norway
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1343:Storsletten (1995), s. 20
796:Gustav Adolf Stave Church
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1960:Stave churches in Norway
1506:Norwegian Stave Churches
812:Rapid City, South Dakota
1514:Hohler, Erla Bergendahl
1508:. Oslo: Dreyers Forlag.
1278:. Accessed 9 Dec. 2022.
968:Runic inscription N 351
1489:Bugge, Gunnar (1981).
1379:"Borgund Stave Church"
1358:Fortidsminneforeningen
1186:Hauglid (1973), s. 267
1038:"Borgund Stave Church"
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726:Saint Andrew's crosses
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671:Fortidsminneforeningen
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88:Location of the church
1568:Replica in Rapid City
1520:. Vol. I. Oslo:
1406:. Chapel in the Hills
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482:, resting on a stone
209:Roman Catholic Church
205:Previous denomination
1940:Churches in Vestland
1795:Sogndal Municipality
1640:Aurland Municipality
1354:"Borgund stavkyrkje"
1044:on 17 September 2011
994:"Borgund stavkyrkje"
784:Fantoft Stave Church
700:'s Mass" blames the
411:Borgund Stave Church
390:Automatically listed
221:Evangelical Lutheran
115:Borgund Stave Church
91:Show map of Vestland
82:Borgund Stave Church
40:Borgund Stave Church
18:Borgund stave church
1717:Luster Municipality
1670:Lærdal Municipality
1491:Stavkirkene i Norge
1334:Anker (1997), s. 71
808:Chapel in the Hills
770:in 1877. The first
488:tongued and grooved
459:Diocese of Bjørgvin
435:Lærdal Municipality
172:Lærdal Municipality
152:61.0472°N 07.8122°E
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596:Urnes Stave Church
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419:Borgund stavkyrkje
284:Architectural type
124:Show map of Norway
56:View of the church
45:Borgund stavkyrkje
1920:
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1531:978-82-00-12748-2
1452:Washington Island
1209:978-1-118-98161-0
816:Lyme, Connecticut
616:Høre Stave Church
425:initially of the
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16:(Redirected from
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288:Stave church
271:Architecture
234:.stavechurch
194:Denomination
1779:Veitastrond
1682:Old Borgund
1614:Sogn prosti
1457:11 November
1448:"Stavkirke"
1410:27 February
1299:23 February
714:Poetic Edda
652:Reformation
632:daylighting
594:and nearby
588:reliquaries
584:Norse ships
520:Greek cross
451:Sogn prosti
348:Sogn prosti
155: /
1929:Categories
1875:Hopperstad
1744:Old Gaupne
1498:Stavkirker
1388:8 December
1175:Stavkirker
1048:1 November
1022:17 January
1000:17 January
980:References
800:Hahnenklee
758:Management
749:Bell tower
644:altarpiece
528:buttresses
511:ambulatory
484:foundation
140:61°02′50″N
1860:Arnafjord
1837:Leikanger
1807:Kaupanger
1226:cite book
1218:971615732
1089:, p. 104.
772:guidebook
694:Ave Maria
640:soapstone
457:) in the
415:Norwegian
316:Materials
294:Completed
143:7°48′44″E
1885:Vangsnes
1802:Fjærland
1759:Jostedal
1754:Joranger
1657:Undredal
1618:Vestland
1516:(1999).
1431:13 March
1140:, p. 69.
1110:, p. 12.
1077:, p. 32.
1065:, p. 99.
957:See also
711:and the
698:St. Olav
626:Interior
600:openwork
495:basilica
441:county,
439:Vestland
336:Bjørgvin
240:/borgund
177:Vestland
168:Location
1870:Fresvik
1822:Kvamsøy
1817:Ølmheim
1769:Solvorn
1677:Borgund
1161:, p. 13
830:Gallery
804:Germany
648:lectern
572:steeple
558:Dragons
540:gallery
499:chancel
455:deanery
447:Borgund
343:Deanery
331:Diocese
297:c. 1200
266:c. 1200
263:Founded
255:Former
247:History
227:Website
183:Country
1935:Lærdal
1905:Farnes
1832:Tjugum
1812:Stedje
1749:Hafslo
1739:Gaupne
1734:Fortun
1692:Tønjum
1662:Vangen
1528:
1363:1 July
1255:
1216:
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792:Bergen
778:Legacy
664:pulpit
607:dragon
580:dragon
576:gables
507:arcade
443:Norway
387:Status
382:Church
359:Lærdal
355:Parish
302:Closed
279:Museum
252:Status
187:Norway
1910:Årdal
1865:Feios
1774:Urnes
1687:Hauge
1647:Bakka
705:Norns
702:pagan
690:runes
551:truss
509:. An
399:83933
1880:Hove
1827:Sæle
1724:Dale
1652:Flåm
1526:ISBN
1459:2020
1433:2018
1412:2018
1390:2022
1365:2020
1301:2006
1253:ISBN
1232:link
1214:OCLC
1204:ISBN
1050:2011
1024:2020
1002:2020
788:Fana
662:, a
660:pews
503:apse
501:and
379:Type
320:Wood
305:1868
236:.com
1890:Vik
1764:Nes
1729:Fet
1616:in
798:in
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238:/en
232:www
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