420:
305:(A&AEE) observed the powered turret to be somewhat cramped, while excessive engine vibration and issues with the longitudinal controls were also noted. Various positive attributes were also noted, such the addition of crew comfort features, as well as the aircraft's ability to attain speeds as high as 153 mph (246 km/h) at an altitude of 6,500 ft (2,000 m) without any negative impact upon its manoeuvrability.
31:
268:
In addition to the turret, various other revisions and improvements were also incorporated. It was decided that the cockpit ought to also be fully enclosed within a canopy of anti-glare
Perspex, complete with a sliding hood. The airframe was strengthened considerably in many areas, which facilitated
308:
Modifications were made after the aircraft's return on 19 March to refine the design. This led to a second
Sidestrand being converted to the Overstrand configuration, incorporating these improvements, such as larger diameter turret, tweaks to the fins and elevators, and a simplification of the rear
387:
Due to the rapid advances made in bomber technology during the late 1930s, the
Overstrand had been effectively rendered obsolete by 1938, the final example of the type being withdrawn from frontline duties during the summer of that same year. Despite this, it continued to be operated in secondary
260:
motors, powered by air bottles on board that were pressurised to 200 psi (1,400,000 Pa) using an engine-driven air compressor. The turret could move through a fully 360-degree circle if the gun was raised sufficiently, helping the turret to cover the widest area of any turret system. A
323:
Continued flight testing revealed the vibration issues to be present still, but would be largely resolved upon later new-build
Overstrands. Having been encouraged by the demonstrated performance, which displayed a meaningful improvement over the Sidestrand, the Air Ministry authorised the
236:. Unlike its predecessors, the Sidestrand could fly at speed of up to 140 mph (230 km/h), which made operating the guns in exposed positions difficult, particularly in the nose. To address this difficulty, the Overstrand was furnished with an alternative nose
273:, complete with larger wheels, was also fitted, while the tailskid of the Sidestrand was replaced by a tailwheel. The wing design was also revised, a noticeable sweepback was added to the outer sections in order to compensate for the aircraft's heavier nose section.
269:
an increased bomb capacity of up to 1,500 lb (680 kg), up to two 500 lb (230 kg) bombs could be carried in the aircraft's recessed bomb cell in addition to two 250 lb (110 kg) bombs on external carriers. A new levered main
182:
instead. It demonstrated a higher maximum speed than its predecessor and was procured for the RAF in limited numbers. As such, the type entered service during the mid 1930s, but became increasingly overshadowed by the new generation of
243:
The
Overstrand's innovative turret was largely developed in-house by Bolton Paul's chief armament designer H. A. Hughes. In terms of its basic design, the turret was a metal-framed cylinder with a domed upper and lower area;
371:
tanker aircraft. The type would perform regular public displays of its capabilities, from mock interceptions to bombing demonstrations, throughout the 1930s; one particularly prominent occasion was during the
335:, designated the P.80 "Superstrand"; however, this project was ultimately abandoned due to alternative options involving rival monoplane designs proving to be more attractive in the eyes of military planners.
359:
bomber during 1938. The
Overstrand proved to be relatively popular with its crews, who often appreciated the attention paid to crew comfort as well as the ability of the newly developed powered turret.
392:, eleven Overstrands remained in service and six were used for gunnery training. They remained in operation until May 1941, though flying was limited following the fatal mid-air breakup of Overstrand
328:
and issued an initial order for 19 Overstrands. A small follow-on order for five new-built
Overstrands would lead to a total of 24 aircraft being built in addition to the four converted Sidestrands.
240:
design, which was both enclosed and powered. At the time this was a relatively novel feature, the resulting aircraft being the first in the world to feature a fully-enclosed power-operated turret.
388:
roles, such as experimental flights and for gunnery training missions. Accordingly, the surviving
Overstrands were allocated to the Armament Training Camps during 1938. At the outbreak of the
302:
636:
1,500 lb (680 kg) bombs (two 500 lb/227 kg and two 250 lb/113 kg) and four 20 lb (9 kg) bombs could be carried on fuselage racks by the cockpit and dorsal gun position
1069:
1686:
199:, albeit only being flown by training units. The few surviving aircraft were withdrawn from service during 1941, having been rendered surplus to requirements.
320:
used upon the
Sidestrand, the second aircraft was outfitted with the improved Bristol Pegasus II.M3 engine, capable of 580 hp (430 kW), instead.
331:
At one stage, plans were drawn up for an improved variant of the aircraft to be developed, the principal difference being the adoption of a retractable
367:
was still a somewhat experimental capability during the late 1930s, it is known that at least one
Overstrand was modified to receive fuel from a
343:
A total of 24 Overstrands would be procured for the RAF, a quantity that facilitated the complete replacement of the older Sidestrands flown by
1671:
376:, with the King himself inspecting one such aircraft externally and internally. During 1935, an Overstrand of No. 101 Squadron was awarded to
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316:, each capable of generating up to 580 hp (430 kW), in comparison to the 460 hp (340 kW) provided by the
324:
modification of a further two Sidestrands into Overstrands. Shortly thereafter, the Ministry selected the type to fulfil
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A number of Overstrands were destroyed or beyond economic repair in accidents, the type had only two fatal accidents.
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fastener to facilitate movement of the gun itself. Traverse motion of the turret was driven by
167:. The Overstrand was also the first aircraft to be fitted with a fully-enclosed power-operated
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of 101 Squadron crashed off Chesil Beach, Dorset following an engine fire, three crew killed.
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of 101 Squadron flew into ground in fog at Swanbourne, Buckinghamshire, three crew killed.
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equipped with the type, to commence in January 1935. The type was also briefly adopted by
317:
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301:. Some criticisms of the aircraft were produced during this time, one early report by the
225:
152:
81:
151:. It was the final example of a series of biplane medium bombers that had served in the
425:
968:. London: Putnam & Company Ltd./Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers Inc., 1967.
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factory. The earlier Sidestrand had been largely similar to its predecessors of the
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195:. Nevertheless, the Overstrand remained operational during the early years of the
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289:. Shortly thereafter, it was decided to rename the aircraft after the village of
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404:
A replica of an Overstrand nose section, marked as K4556, is on display at the
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First flown in 1933, the Overstrand was essentially an improved model of the
627:
257:
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216:, which had first flown in 1928 and like the Sidestrand, it was named after
184:
309:
engine mount area. While the initial example had been powered by a pair of
30:
588:
148 mph (238 km/h, 129 kn) at 6,500 ft (2,000 m)
1020:, Vol. 2. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Educational Corporation, 1980.
248:
was used as glazing, in which there was a vertical slot for the single
245:
229:
221:
141:
261:
geared spindle at the base of the turret was supported by a series of
178:
of the 1920s, thus early references to the type referred to it as the
253:
49:
966:
The British Bomber since 1914: Fifty Years of Design and Development
666:, contemporary American all-metal monoplane bomber with nose turret
1051:
953:. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1976.
606:
Five minutes and 24 seconds to 6,500 ft (2,000 m)
147:
designed and produced by the British aircraft manufacturer
355:, although it was quickly replaced by the more modern
293:. On 22 February 1934, the prototype was delivered to
1003:
Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the Present
1016:
Taylor, Michael J.H., ed. "Boulton Paul Overstrand".
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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384:, having the highest score achieved at that time.
1001:Taylor, John W.R. "Boulton and Paul Overstrand".
303:Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment
285:, at which point the type was still known as the
630:in nose turret, dorsal and ventral gun positions
281:During 1933, the first Overstrand performed its
1063:
252:, which was covered by a canvas strip with a
8:
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975:. Rochester, Kent, UK: Grange Books, 2000.
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1035:. London: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2003.
951:Royal Air Force Aircraft: K1000 to K9999
212:The Overstrand was a development of the
698:
594:545 mi (877 km, 474 nmi)
1005:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969.
7:
1687:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
535:72 ft 0 in (21.95 m)
529:46 ft 0 in (14.02 m)
406:Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum
265:. Elevation was achieved manually.
541:15 ft 6 in (4.72 m)
468:Army Co-operation Development Unit
14:
973:British Warplanes of World War II
573:, 580 hp (430 kW) each
458:No. 10 Bombing and Gunnery School
159:, starting with the likes of the
936:Boulton Paul Aircraft since 1915
418:
29:
1018:Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation
547:980 sq ft (91 m)
91:28 (four converted Sidestrands)
559:11,932 lb (5,412 kg)
508:The British Bomber since 1914.
220:, home also of Boulton Paul's
1:
1672:1930s British bomber aircraft
988:The British Bomber since 1912
600:21,300 ft (6,500 m)
553:7,936 lb (3,600 kg)
1682:Aircraft first flown in 1933
232:and hand-operated defensive
187:medium bombers, such as the
138:Boulton Paul P.75 Overstrand
1033:Bombers of the 20th Century
193:Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
16:1933 medium bomber aircraft
1703:
374:Silver Jubilee of George V
453:No. 2 Air Observer School
28:
990:. London: Putnam, 1994.
938:. London: Putnam, 1993.
463:Balloon Development Unit
297:for trials conducted by
1479:By role (service names)
844:Brew 1993, pp. 232-233.
811:Brew 1993, pp. 231-232.
802:Brew 1993, pp. 230-231.
765:Brew 1993, pp. 228-229.
756:Brew 1993, pp. 227-228.
721:Winchester 2003, p. 11.
682:List of bomber aircraft
652:Boulton Paul Sidestrand
514:General characteristics
476:Accidents and incidents
214:Boulton Paul Sidestrand
176:Boulton Paul Sidestrand
129:Boulton Paul Sidestrand
892:www.aviationmuseum.net
449:RAF Second line units
203:Design and development
1667:Boulton Paul aircraft
567:Bristol Pegasus IIM.3
382:aerial reconnaissance
311:Bristol Pegasus IM.3
218:a village in Norfolk
35:Overstrand in flight
920:Mason 1994, p. 256.
865:Halley 1976, p. 68.
820:Lewis 1967, p. 240.
733:Lewis 1967, p. 238.
646:Related development
400:Aircraft on display
339:Operational history
326:Specification 23/34
165:Handley Page Type O
41:General information
1079:Boulton & Paul
986:Mason, Francis K.
911:March 2000, p. 34.
877:Brew 1993, p. 234.
856:Brew 1993, p. 233.
832:Brew 1993, p. 232.
793:Brew 1993, p. 230.
777:Brew 1993, p. 229.
747:Brew 1993, p. 227.
712:Brew 1993, p. 231.
396:on 22 April 1940.
189:Vickers Wellington
140:was a twin-engine
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1031:Winchester, Jim.
971:March, Daniel J.
949:Halley, James J.
604:Time to altitude:
484:11 January 1937:
365:aerial refuelling
228:, featuring open
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101:Introduction date
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438:No. 101 Squadron
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390:Second World War
369:Vickers Virginia
357:Bristol Blenheim
353:No. 144 Squadron
345:No. 101 Squadron
318:Bristol Jupiters
299:No. 101 Squadron
287:Sidestrand Mk IV
197:Second World War
180:Sidestrand Mk IV
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670:Breguet 410
664:Martin B-10
579:Performance
563:Powerplant:
347:, the only
295:RAF Andover
277:Into flight
72:H.A. Hughes
1661:Categories
1604:Transports
1549:Overstrand
1544:Sidestrand
688:References
628:Lewis guns
545:Wing area:
291:Overstrand
155:since the
24:Overstrand
1616:Mailplane
1508:Partridge
693:Citations
626:(7.7 mm)
533:Wingspan:
505:Data from
412:Operators
258:pneumatic
250:Lewis gun
185:monoplane
1677:Biplanes
1630:Trainers
1611:Atlantic
1570:Atlantic
1493:Bobolink
1486:Fighters
1085:aircraft
641:See also
612:Armament
349:squadron
230:cockpits
68:Designer
1642:Balliol
1637:Phoenix
1529:Bourges
1517:Bombers
1503:Defiant
1498:Bittern
624:.303 in
539:Height:
527:Length:
246:Perspex
222:Norwich
208:Origins
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117:Retired
96:History
1585:P.92/2
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363:While
238:turret
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50:Bomber
1621:P.71A
1595:P.120
1590:P.111
1539:Bugle
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620:Guns:
521:Crew:
493:K8173
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394:K8173
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