520:, the protagonist's brain is scanned in extreme detail for medical purposes; over a century later, the data from the scan are transferred into an artificial body, effectively performing a consciousness transplant. Later in the story, the protagonist comes across many other cases of a similar event, with far worse body choices for the transplanted consciousnesses. The Protagonist's goal is to ensure that an artificial world called the "ARK" is as safe as possible. The ARK is a supercomputer, a server hosting a virtual world, which can be explored with one's consciousness alone. Many people, including the protagonist, have had their brains scanned and consciousnesses "transplanted" into the computer, so that they may live on, since Earth is no longer habitable in SOMA's story.
470:, the protagonist, Caroline, discovers that the old couple she is looking after are poor Voodoo witch doctors who stole the bodies of two young, privileged children in their care using a ritual which allows a soul to swap bodies. Unfortunately the evil old couple also trick Caroline and their lawyer into the same procedure, and both end up stuck in old dying bodies unable to speak while the witch doctors walk off with their young bodies.
1385:
262:
45:
2550:
328:
1397:
1166:
483:, the vampire Lestat discovers a man, Raglan James, who can will himself into another person's body. Lestat demands that the procedure be used on him to allow him to be human once again, but soon finds that he has made an error and is forced to recapture James in his vampiric form so he can take his body back.
639:
pilot aces. After surgically transplanting them into a protective cocoon filled with nutrient fluids, they were surgically connected to cybernetic hardware that gave them external sensors, flight control, and tactical computers that augmented their reflexes beyond the biological limit, at the cost of
189:
can be used connecting the subject to their own body. A study using a monkey as a subject shows that it is possible to directly use commands from the brain, bypass the spinal cord and enable hand function. An advantage is that this interface can be adjusted after the surgical interventions are done
153:, which involves transferring the entire head to a new body, as opposed to the brain only. Theoretically, a person with complete organ failure could be given a new and functional body while keeping their own personality, memories, and consciousness through such a procedure. Neurosurgeon
511:), the protagonist Helen Ash discovers that many of the victims in a plane crash which she witnessed have vital organs missing or deficient, including the brain. She goes on to uncover her estranged father's murky and secretive past and her own connection.
1727:
498:), Dio Brando, a vampire who was the main antagonist in the first part of JJBA, comes back from his 100-year sleep with his new body of Jonathan Joestar. He was only left with his head, so he took the body of Jonathan from the neck down.
161:
organ, as the host's immune system did not attack it at first, but immunorejection caused the monkey to die after nine days. Brain transplants and similar concepts have also been explored in various forms of science fiction.
193:
Also, for the procedure to be practical, the age of the donated body must be close to that of the recipient brain: an adult brain cannot fit into a skull that has not reached its full growth, which occurs at age 9–12 years.
547:, and/or other medical procedures, in uploading the brain itself moves nowhere and may even be physically destroyed or discarded; the goal is rather to duplicate the information patterns contained within the brain.
432:(2003–2004), Hector Con Carne was reduced to a brain and a stomach and both of them were put in jars attached to the body of a Russian circus bear. Hector's brain is the main character of the cartoon.
550:
Another similar literary theme, though different from either procedure described above, is the transplanting of a human brain into an artificial, usually robotic, body. Examples of this include:
157:
has grafted the head of a monkey onto the headless body of another monkey. EEG readings showed the brain was later functioning normally. Initially, it was thought to prove that the brain was an
1842:
441:
involves a surgeon who performs brain transplants as his main operation, as well as a man from Earth—the narrator and main character—who is also trained to perform brain transplants.
1067:
452:
stories (1931), the main character is the last earthman, whose brain is saved by some alien cyborgs called the
Zoromes, and is inserted into a robotic body, making him immortal.
205:
can occur. Because immune cells of the CNS contribute to the maintenance of neurogenesis and spatial learning abilities in adulthood, the brain has been hypothesized to be an
1002:
823:
Ziv, Yaniv; Ron, Noga; Butovsky, Oleg; et al. (2006). "Immune cells contribute to the maintenance of neurogenesis and spatial learning abilities in adulthood".
406:) to her family's estate to be auctioned off for a brain transplant procedure that enables older white people to obtain pseudo-immortality in a black person's body.
2284:
2166:
1435:
2078:
1677:
626:
features many central characters who undergo such transplants, and deals with the difficult decisions facing a human contemplating such a procedure. In the
749:
1060:
539:, a small cult based in Florida, France, and Quebec. While the ultimate goal of transplanting is transfer of the brain to a new body optimized for it by
703:
342:
1498:
233:
2404:
1003:"Artificial Brain Cells Implanted In-Patient The Procedure Is The First of Its Kind. Doctors Hope Eventually To Treat Brain Disorders This Way"
1389:
1053:
911:
722:
2210:
2493:
2159:
1940:
1821:
1816:
1428:
1400:
972:
461:, features a main character named Johann Sebastian Bach Smith whose entire brain is transplanted into his deceased secretary's skull.
149:
is a procedure in which the brain of one organism is transplanted into the body of another organism. It is a procedure distinct from
1485:
309:
283:
128:
62:
1010:
1747:
1732:
1463:
1861:
338:
109:
2576:
2152:
1866:
1837:
1811:
1421:
606:
381:
The whole-body transplant is just one of several means of putting a consciousness into a new body that have been explored in
287:
222:
81:
66:
2554:
2520:
1742:
1722:
361:
1076:
186:
1780:
1707:
88:
1785:
628:
488:
2525:
2461:
1790:
1646:
1568:
1217:
1120:
479:
399:
357:
1538:
95:
2508:
2468:
2133:
1672:
1543:
248:
as well as had limited speech. The team hoped that the cells would correct the listed damage. She died later on.
806:
644:
also imbued them with the dark side giving them a sixth sense, and making them into extensions of his own will.
209:(unrejectable) organ. However, immunorejection of a functional transplanted brain has been reported in monkeys.
2203:
1737:
1563:
353:
272:
77:
2473:
2446:
2374:
1904:
1849:
1600:
1508:
573:
532:
291:
276:
55:
2483:
2478:
2451:
2335:
2128:
2113:
2034:
1854:
1712:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1548:
1212:
2581:
2409:
2318:
2313:
2190:
2175:
2118:
2055:
2002:
1966:
1894:
1575:
1553:
1533:
1444:
1360:
1319:
1222:
419:, a CEO and his accomplice transplanted a beggar's brain to an ultra-rich man to rob him of his wealth.
893:
2456:
2419:
2399:
1925:
1682:
1558:
1523:
1180:
1145:
764:
198:
179:
2513:
2488:
2257:
2018:
1513:
1475:
1470:
1458:
1155:
552:
457:
947:
726:
2530:
2350:
2340:
2328:
2252:
1889:
1370:
1289:
1227:
939:
856:
653:
558:
494:
660:
531:
and others with a mechanistic view of natural intelligence and an optimistic outlook regarding
2357:
2345:
2323:
2306:
2123:
2103:
2098:
1997:
1899:
1651:
1350:
1279:
1207:
931:
894:
But What Will The
Neighbors Think? A Discourse On The History And Rationale Of Neurosuspension
848:
840:
798:
780:
516:
102:
2498:
2414:
2220:
1945:
1309:
1130:
998:
923:
832:
788:
772:
611:
503:
466:
206:
158:
875:
2367:
2269:
2230:
1930:
1770:
1628:
1610:
1528:
1518:
1191:
1186:
1135:
1090:
750:"Restoration of grasp following paralysis through brain-controlled stimulation of muscles"
681:
676:
592:
382:
154:
150:
28:
768:
2503:
2279:
2274:
2237:
2225:
2198:
1992:
1909:
1702:
1638:
1274:
1258:
1125:
793:
666:
524:
428:
411:
403:
245:
927:
2570:
2535:
2301:
2247:
2060:
2050:
1971:
1935:
1765:
1623:
1618:
1580:
1493:
1365:
1334:
1329:
1304:
1294:
1095:
860:
623:
528:
445:
423:
218:
202:
2439:
2291:
2262:
1987:
1961:
1355:
1324:
1314:
1232:
1140:
1039:
943:
416:
395:
1035:
2434:
2429:
2362:
2065:
1717:
1656:
636:
261:
237:
44:
34:
Theoretical medical procedure in which the brain is placed into a different body
17:
2394:
2296:
1299:
582:
544:
536:
844:
784:
2424:
1284:
1150:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
641:
601:
569:
474:
225:
in New York City, achieved success with a partial brain transplant in mice.
1045:
935:
852:
802:
635:
the shadow droids were created by taking the brains of grievously wounded
170:
One of the most significant barriers to the procedure is the inability of
2215:
2108:
1795:
671:
577:
540:
2144:
1413:
776:
615:
564:
437:
390:
229:
1165:
1253:
241:
614:
is stolen and installed in a large computer-like structure; and in "
836:
748:
Ethier, C.; Oby, E. R.; Bauman, M. J.; Miller, L. E. (April 2012).
656:(for stories of brains transplanted into wholly artificial bodies)
597:
587:
171:
1775:
175:
2148:
1417:
1049:
321:
255:
38:
684:(for experiments done with mice to restore circadian rhythms)
618:" Uhura is offered immortality in an android body. The novel
973:"Transplant Success Reported With Part of a Mouse's Brain"
178:
nerve tissue does not transmit signals well, which is why
349:
190:
where nerves can not be reconnected without surgery.
2387:
2189:
2182:
2091:
2043:
2027:
2011:
1980:
1954:
1918:
1882:
1875:
1830:
1804:
1756:
1691:
1665:
1637:
1609:
1484:
1451:
1343:
1267:
1241:
1200:
1173:
1083:
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
501:In Matthew Broughton's BBC radio drama thriller
2285:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence
2079:List of organ transplant donors and recipients
455:Robert Heinlein's 1970 science fiction novel,
244:that caused the loss of mobility in her right
2160:
1429:
1061:
8:
1678:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
960:(As reproduced at author's personal webpage)
523:Similar in many ways to this is the idea of
240:to Alma Cerasini, who had suffered a severe
290:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2549:
2186:
2167:
2153:
2145:
1879:
1436:
1422:
1414:
1068:
1054:
1046:
704:"What Would Happen in a Brain Transplant?"
217:In 1982, Dr. Dorothy T. Krieger, chief of
792:
310:Learn how and when to remove this message
197:When organs are transplanted, aggressive
182:devastate muscle function and sensation.
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
694:
234:University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
2405:Differential technological development
1042:in The Sunday Telegraph Magazine, 2000
876:"A Mind is a Terrible Thing to Waste"
596:series; or full-body cyborgs in many
7:
2211:Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation
1396:
288:adding citations to reliable sources
67:adding citations to reliable sources
2494:Future-oriented technology analysis
1822:Canadian Society of Transplantation
1817:American Society of Transplantation
236:attempted to transplant a group of
352:by removing the content or adding
25:
702:Adams, Cecil (20 December 2013).
2548:
1748:United Network for Organ Sharing
1733:National Transplant Organization
1395:
1384:
1383:
1164:
979:. Associated Press. 18 June 1982
415:(2023), written and directed by
394:(2017), written and directed by
326:
260:
43:
1862:Organ transplantation in Israel
910:McCrone, John (December 2003).
54:needs additional citations for
1867:Organ transplantation in Japan
1838:Organ transplantation in China
1812:American Society of Nephrology
1:
2521:Technology in science fiction
1743:Trillium Gift of Life Network
1723:National Marrow Donor Program
928:10.1016/S1474-4422(03)00596-9
874:Jacobson, Lou (August 1997).
402:) lures her black boyfriend (
1781:Halachic Organ Donor Society
1708:Gift of Life Marrow Registry
1786:Kidney Foundation of Canada
2598:
2526:Technology readiness level
2462:Technological unemployment
1843:harvesting from Falun Gong
1791:National Kidney Foundation
1647:Non-heart-beating donation
1218:Computational neuroscience
1121:Intelligence amplification
604:genre. In one episode of
480:The Tale of the Body Thief
223:Mount Sinai Medical Center
207:immunologically privileged
159:immunologically privileged
26:
2544:
2509:Technological singularity
2469:Technological convergence
2074:
1673:Graft-versus-host disease
1379:
1162:
1007:The Philadelphia Inquirer
426:' Cartoon Network series
348:Please help Knowledge to
174:tissue to heal properly;
2204:Microgravity bioprinting
1738:NHS Blood and Transplant
1077:Brain–computer interface
640:their humanity. Emperor
535:. It is also a goal of
489:JoJo's Bizarre Adventure
213:Partial brain transplant
187:brain–computer interface
27:Not to be confused with
2474:Technological evolution
2447:Exploratory engineering
2375:Whole genome sequencing
2114:Immunosuppressive drugs
1850:Organ donation in India
586:television series; the
533:artificial intelligence
2484:Technology forecasting
2479:Technological paradigm
2452:Proactionary principle
2336:Robot-assisted surgery
2134:Frankenstein's monster
2129:Total body irradiation
1855:Gurgaon kidney scandal
1713:Human Tissue Authority
1213:Cognitive neuroscience
438:The Mastermind of Mars
435:Edgar Rice Burroughs'
2577:Organ transplantation
2410:Disruptive innovation
2319:Regenerative medicine
2314:Personalized medicine
2176:Emerging technologies
2119:Lung allocation score
2056:Jean-Michel Dubernard
1445:Organ transplantation
1361:Simulation hypothesis
708:Washington City Paper
147:whole-body transplant
2457:Technological change
2400:Collingridge dilemma
1926:J. Hartwell Harrison
1683:Transplant rejection
1181:Electrocorticography
1174:Scientific phenomena
1146:Sensory substitution
950:on February 28, 2015
350:improve this section
284:improve this section
199:transplant rejection
180:spinal cord injuries
151:head transplantation
63:improve this article
2514:Technology scouting
2489:Accelerating change
2258:Genetic engineering
2035:André van der Merwe
2019:Richard C. Lillehei
1692:Transplant networks
1476:Xenotransplantation
1471:Autotransplantation
1459:Allotransplantation
1156:Synthetic telepathy
825:Nature Neuroscience
777:10.1038/nature10987
769:2012Natur.485..368E
729:on 28 February 2015
514:In the horror game
464:In the horror film
458:I Will Fear No Evil
362:independent sources
228:In 1998, a team of
166:Existing challenges
2531:Technology roadmap
2351:Synthetic genomics
2341:Relational biology
2329:Tissue engineering
2253:Generative biology
1890:Christiaan Barnard
1486:Organs and tissues
1371:Walk Again Project
1290:J. C. R. Licklider
1228:Neural engineering
977:The New York Times
723:"head transplants"
654:Cyborgs in fiction
559:Ghost in the Shell
495:Stardust Crusaders
450:Professeur Jameson
252:In science fiction
78:"Brain transplant"
2564:
2563:
2383:
2382:
2346:Synthetic biology
2324:Stem-cell therapy
2307:engineered uterus
2221:Artificial organs
2142:
2141:
2124:Machine perfusion
2104:Edmonton protocol
2099:Biomedical tissue
2087:
2086:
1998:Vladimir Demikhov
1900:Adrian Kantrowitz
1652:Organ procurement
1411:
1410:
1351:Human enhancement
1280:Douglas Engelbart
1208:Cognitive science
999:Vedantam, Shankar
912:"Monkey Business"
763:(7398): 368–371.
632:expanded universe
398:, a white woman (
379:
378:
320:
319:
312:
185:Alternatively, a
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
2589:
2552:
2551:
2499:Horizon scanning
2415:Ephemeralization
2243:Brain transplant
2187:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2146:
1946:Michael Woodruff
1880:
1611:Medical grafting
1438:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1399:
1398:
1387:
1386:
1310:Miguel Nicolelis
1249:Brain transplant
1168:
1131:Neuroprosthetics
1070:
1063:
1056:
1047:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1013:on 18 April 2016
1009:. Archived from
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
969:
963:
962:
957:
955:
946:. Archived from
916:Lancet Neurology
907:
901:
890:
884:
883:
871:
865:
864:
820:
814:
813:
812:on 21 July 2013.
811:
805:. Archived from
796:
754:
745:
739:
738:
736:
734:
725:. Archived from
718:
712:
711:
699:
620:Harvest of Stars
600:or works in the
467:The Skeleton Key
400:Allison Williams
374:
371:
365:
330:
329:
322:
315:
308:
304:
301:
295:
264:
256:
143:brain transplant
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
18:Brain Transplant
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2540:
2379:
2368:Oncolytic virus
2270:Head transplant
2178:
2173:
2143:
2138:
2083:
2070:
2039:
2023:
2007:
1976:
1950:
1931:John P. Merrill
1914:
1871:
1826:
1805:Joint societies
1800:
1771:Blood Cancer UK
1758:
1752:
1695:
1693:
1687:
1661:
1633:
1629:Vascular bypass
1605:
1480:
1447:
1442:
1412:
1407:
1375:
1339:
1263:
1237:
1196:
1192:Neuroplasticity
1187:Neural ensemble
1169:
1160:
1136:Neurotechnology
1091:Biomechatronics
1079:
1074:
1036:Dr Robert White
1032:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1001:(2 July 1998).
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
971:
970:
966:
953:
951:
909:
908:
904:
900:, October 1988.
891:
887:
873:
872:
868:
822:
821:
817:
809:
752:
747:
746:
742:
732:
730:
721:McCrone, John.
720:
719:
715:
701:
700:
696:
691:
682:Martin R. Ralph
677:Robert J. White
661:Donovan's Brain
650:
593:Legends of Dune
383:science fiction
375:
369:
366:
347:
343:popular culture
331:
327:
316:
305:
299:
296:
281:
265:
254:
215:
168:
155:Robert J. White
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
35:
32:
29:head transplant
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2595:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2569:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2280:Life extension
2277:
2275:Isolated brain
2272:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2238:Biofabrication
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2226:Organ printing
2218:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2199:3D bioprinting
2195:
2193:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2092:Related topics
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2003:James D. Hardy
2000:
1995:
1993:Joel D. Cooper
1990:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1967:James D. Hardy
1964:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1941:Elizabeth Ward
1938:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1910:Norman Shumway
1907:
1902:
1897:
1895:James D. Hardy
1892:
1886:
1884:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1703:Eurotransplant
1699:
1697:
1694:and government
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1639:Organ donation
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Charles Stross
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1259:Mind uploading
1256:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:Isolated brain
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1031:
1030:External links
1028:
1025:
1024:
990:
964:
902:
885:
866:
837:10.1038/nn1629
831:(2): 268–275.
815:
740:
713:
693:
692:
690:
687:
686:
685:
679:
674:
669:
667:Isolated brain
664:
657:
649:
646:
527:, promoted by
525:mind uploading
429:Evil Con Carne
412:Pichaikkaran 2
404:Daniel Kaluuya
377:
376:
341:references to
334:
332:
325:
318:
317:
268:
266:
259:
253:
250:
214:
211:
201:by the host's
167:
164:
137:
136:
119:September 2009
51:
49:
42:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2594:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2557:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2536:Transhumanism
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2302:Organ culture
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:De-extinction
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Donna Mansell
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Alexis Carrel
2049:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1972:Thomas Starzl
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:Joseph Murray
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:Richard Lower
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Anthony Nolan
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:organizations
1755:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:Complications
1664:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Skin grafting
1622:
1620:
1619:Bone grafting
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Transhumanism
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1335:Edward Boyden
1333:
1331:
1330:Yoky Matsuoka
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:Merlin Donald
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:Kevin Warwick
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Brain implant
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1041:
1038:, profile by
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
994:
991:
978:
974:
968:
965:
961:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
906:
903:
899:
895:
892:Mike Darwin:
889:
886:
881:
880:Lingua Franca
877:
870:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
816:
808:
804:
800:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
751:
744:
741:
728:
724:
717:
714:
709:
705:
698:
695:
688:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
662:
658:
655:
652:
651:
647:
645:
643:
638:
634:
633:
631:
625:
624:Poul Anderson
621:
617:
613:
612:Spock's Brain
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
594:
589:
585:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:
561:
560:
555:
554:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:Marvin Minsky
526:
521:
519:
518:
512:
510:
506:
505:
499:
497:
496:
491:
490:
484:
482:
481:
476:
471:
469:
468:
462:
460:
459:
453:
451:
447:
446:Neil R. Jones
442:
440:
439:
433:
431:
430:
425:
424:Maxwell Atoms
420:
418:
414:
413:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:
386:
384:
373:
363:
359:
355:
351:
345:
344:
340:
335:This section
333:
324:
323:
314:
311:
303:
293:
289:
285:
279:
278:
274:
269:This section
267:
263:
258:
257:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
219:endocrinology
212:
210:
208:
204:
203:immune system
200:
195:
191:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
165:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
133:
130:
122:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
30:
19:
2582:Neurosurgery
2553:
2440:Robot ethics
2292:Nanomedicine
2263:Gene therapy
2242:
1988:Fikri Alican
1962:Fikri Alican
1503:
1401:
1388:
1356:Neurohacking
1325:Vernor Vinge
1315:Peter Kyberd
1248:
1233:Neuroscience
1141:Optogenetics
1084:Technologies
1040:David Bennun
1015:. Retrieved
1011:the original
1006:
993:
981:. Retrieved
976:
967:
959:
952:. Retrieved
948:the original
919:
915:
905:
897:
888:
879:
869:
828:
824:
818:
807:the original
760:
756:
743:
731:. Retrieved
727:the original
716:
707:
697:
659:
629:
627:
619:
605:
591:
581:
563:
557:
551:
549:
522:
515:
513:
508:
507:(series 1 –
502:
500:
493:
487:
485:
478:
472:
465:
463:
456:
454:
449:
443:
436:
434:
427:
421:
417:Vijay Antony
410:
409:In the film
408:
396:Jordan Peele
389:
388:In the film
387:
380:
367:
337:may contain
336:
306:
297:
282:Please help
270:
227:
216:
196:
192:
184:
169:
146:
142:
140:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
2504:Moore's law
2435:Neuroethics
2430:Cyberethics
2363:Virotherapy
2297:Nanosensors
2066:Bruce Reitz
1718:LifeSharers
1696:departments
1657:Organ trade
1499:Bone marrow
1242:Speculative
1201:Disciplines
954:January 20,
922:(12): 772.
637:TIE fighter
238:brain cells
2571:Categories
2395:Automation
2191:Biomedical
1569:islet cell
1539:Heart–lung
1320:Steve Mann
1300:Matt Nagle
733:20 January
689:References
583:Doctor Who
572:superhero
545:proteomics
370:March 2024
339:irrelevant
300:March 2024
89:newspapers
2425:Bioethics
2358:Tricorder
1831:Countries
1544:Intestine
1285:Hugh Herr
1151:Stentrode
1116:Exocortex
1111:Cyberware
1106:Brainport
1101:BrainGate
861:205430936
845:1097-6256
785:0028-0836
642:Palpatine
630:Star Wars
607:Star Trek
602:cyberpunk
580:from the
570:DC Comics
492:(part 3:
475:Anne Rice
354:citations
271:does not
232:from the
2216:Ampakine
2109:Eye bank
2012:Pancreas
1796:ORGANIZE
1757:Advocacy
1564:Pancreas
1390:Category
936:14636785
898:Cryonics
853:16415867
803:22522928
672:Robotics
648:See also
578:Cybermen
574:Robotman
541:genetics
358:reliable
230:surgeons
1509:Corneal
1402:Commons
983:20 July
944:5254407
794:3358575
765:Bibcode
616:I, Mudd
590:in the
565:RoboCop
553:Caprica
537:Raëlism
509:Origins
391:Get Out
292:removed
277:sources
176:scarred
103:scholar
2420:Ethics
2388:Topics
2183:Fields
1919:Kidney
1876:People
1728:NOD-Lb
1601:Vagina
1596:Uterus
1591:Thymus
1586:Spleen
1549:Kidney
1268:People
1254:Cyborg
1183:(ECoG)
1017:29 May
942:
934:
859:
851:
843:
801:
791:
783:
757:Nature
588:cymeks
576:; the
568:; the
504:Tracks
242:stroke
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
2044:Other
2028:Penis
1955:Liver
1883:Heart
1576:Penis
1554:Liver
1534:Heart
1504:Brain
1452:Types
1344:Other
940:S2CID
857:S2CID
810:(PDF)
753:(PDF)
598:manga
246:limbs
172:nerve
110:JSTOR
96:books
2555:List
2231:Womb
1981:Lung
1776:DKMS
1581:Skin
1559:Lung
1529:Head
1524:Hand
1519:Face
1494:Bone
1464:ABOi
1223:NBIC
1019:2013
985:2010
956:2015
932:PMID
849:PMID
841:ISSN
799:PMID
781:ISSN
735:2015
517:SOMA
360:and
275:any
273:cite
82:news
1514:Eye
924:doi
833:doi
789:PMC
773:doi
761:485
622:by
486:In
477:'s
473:In
444:In
422:In
356:to
286:by
221:at
145:or
65:by
2573::
1005:.
975:.
958:.
938:.
930:.
918:.
914:.
896:.
878:.
855:.
847:.
839:.
827:.
797:.
787:.
779:.
771:.
759:.
755:.
706:.
610:,
562:;
556:;
543:,
448:'
385:.
141:A
2168:e
2161:t
2154:v
1437:e
1430:t
1423:v
1069:e
1062:t
1055:v
1021:.
987:.
926::
920:2
882:.
863:.
835::
829:9
775::
767::
737:.
710:.
372:)
368:(
364:.
346:.
313:)
307:(
302:)
298:(
294:.
280:.
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
59:.
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
