127:
649:
630:
706:
750:
687:
664:
611:
732:
158:
596:
105:
998:
239:
328:, grow more rapidly, but are more vulnerable to storm damage. Like other genera of corals, brain corals feed on small drifting animals, and also receive nutrients provided by the algae which live within their tissues. The behavior of one of the most common genera,
319:
Brain corals extend their tentacles to catch food at night. During the day, they use their tentacles for protection by wrapping them over the grooves on their surface. The surface is hard and offers good protection against fish or
648:
629:
705:
749:
1234:
610:
1100:
718:
126:
663:
731:
686:
316:
or "flower animals". The lifespan of the largest brain corals is 900 years. Colonies can grow as large as 1.8 m (6 ft) or more in height.
1179:
1331:
337:
The grooved surface of brain corals has been used by scientists to investigate methods of giving spherical wheels appropriate grip strength.
1507:
1254:
1269:
841:
1374:
1214:
904:
1305:
1229:
1512:
1154:
157:
1259:
1219:
859:
308:. Brain corals are found in shallow warm water coral reefs in all the world's oceans. They are part of the phylum
1346:
1111:
595:
243:
1356:
1209:
1174:
1199:
873:
1341:
1194:
1502:
1336:
1300:
1264:
1106:
1094:
1072:
334:, is semiaggressive; it will sting other corals with its extended sweeper tentacles during the night.
1446:
1384:
1189:
897:
760:
674:
621:
517:
1364:
1159:
1134:
696:
1310:
1295:
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1184:
819:
635:
577:
152:
527:
1315:
1164:
290:
135:
1476:
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1067:
1024:
948:
814:
282:
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1471:
1441:
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1089:
890:
602:
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302:
286:
845:
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1224:
1169:
973:
781:
404:
325:
113:
1496:
1409:
1129:
1079:
968:
943:
805:
796:
639:
617:
61:
1422:
1239:
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1006:
958:
925:
741:
678:
434:
378:
357:
305:
209:
199:
1415:
1204:
1139:
953:
933:
722:
567:
537:
506:
399:
367:
347:
298:
270:
255:
228:
36:
997:
1481:
1466:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1121:
1084:
1062:
1044:
1029:
1019:
917:
475:
465:
424:
389:
294:
81:
46:
1461:
655:
557:
321:
169:
104:
86:
1149:
987:
963:
882:
496:
485:
413:
313:
309:
274:
266:
223:
189:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
238:
1249:
1034:
454:
91:
66:
461:– moon, pineapple, brain, closed brain, star, worm, or honeycomb coral
1274:
981:
711:
179:
1052:
913:
795:
Aronson, R.; Bruckner, A.; Moore, J.; Precht, B.; E. Weil (2008).
444:
330:
278:
259:
237:
886:
1057:
1434:
1402:
1355:
1324:
1283:
1120:
1043:
1005:
924:
215:
151:
25:
385:– boulder brain coral or large-grooved brain coral
654:Close-up of a brain coral near Nusa Kode Island,
642:near Bahia de la Chiva on the island of Vieques
1101:The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs
898:
719:Windley Key Fossil Reef Geological State Park
8:
820:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133257A3657726.en
409:– diploastrea brain coral or honeycomb coral
277:shape and grooved surface which resembles a
1352:
905:
891:
883:
125:
103:
22:
818:
773:
591:
1180:Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
1332:Environmental issues with coral reefs
874:Can a rubber ball reinvent the wheel?
7:
281:. Each head of coral is formed by a
806:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
273:, so called due to their generally
14:
289:which secrete a hard skeleton of
1375:International Coral Reef Society
1215:Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System
996:
748:
730:
704:
685:
662:
647:
628:
620:near Esperanza on the island of
609:
594:
156:
1306:Stony coral tissue loss disease
439:Pichon, Scheer and Pillai, 1983
740:, in the near shore waters of
18:Common name for various corals
1:
1235:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
582:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
572:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
542:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
532:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
490:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
480:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
470:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
418:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
394:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
383:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
324:. Branching corals, such as
293:; this makes them important
1260:Southeast Asian coral reefs
1529:
1220:New Caledonia barrier reef
1508:Invertebrate common names
1112:Spur and groove formation
994:
799:Diploria labyrinthiformis
757:Diploria labyrinthiformis
285:of genetically identical
244:Diploria labyrinthiformis
220:
153:Scientific classification
133:
124:
111:
102:
1175:East African coral coast
782:"What are Brain Corals?"
842:"Brain Coral Fact File"
352:Yabe and Sugiyama, 1941
1342:Coral reef restoration
248:
32:Middle Triassic–Recent
1337:Coral reef protection
1301:Skeletal eroding band
1107:Catlin Seaview Survey
1095:Census of Coral Reefs
1073:mesophotic coral reef
860:"Grooved Brain Coral"
813:: e.T133257A3657726.
759:with visible polyps,
420:– grooved brain coral
247:(grooved brain coral)
241:
1447:Aquaculture of coral
1230:Non-tropical regions
761:Vieques, Puerto Rico
638:on a brain coral in
622:Vieques, Puerto Rico
312:, in a class called
297:builders like other
1513:Polyphyletic groups
1365:Coral Reef Alliance
1255:Solomon Archipelago
1160:Belize Barrier Reef
1135:African coral reefs
876:, BBC, 8 March 2016
697:San Salvador Island
511:de Blainville, 1830
1311:White band disease
1296:Black band disease
1265:Tuvalu Archipelago
1245:Raja Ampat Islands
1185:Great Barrier Reef
636:Black band disease
513:– great star coral
492:– great star coral
374:– candy cane coral
249:
1490:
1489:
1398:
1397:
1316:White pox disease
1165:Coral Sea Islands
738:Diploria strigosa
671:Diploria strigosa
583:
573:
563:
553:
543:
533:
523:
512:
502:
491:
481:
471:
460:
450:
440:
430:
419:
408:
395:
384:
373:
363:
353:
291:calcium carbonate
258:given to various
236:
235:
136:Manicina areolata
97:
1520:
1477:Deep-water coral
1452:Coral dermatitis
1353:
1068:Deep-water coral
1000:
907:
900:
893:
884:
877:
870:
864:
863:
856:
850:
849:
848:on 2 April 2009.
844:. Archived from
838:
832:
831:
829:
827:
822:
792:
786:
785:
778:
752:
734:
708:
693:Diploria clivosa
689:
666:
651:
632:
613:
598:
581:
571:
561:
551:
541:
531:
521:
510:
500:
489:
479:
469:
458:
448:
438:
428:
417:
403:
393:
382:
371:
361:
351:
216:Groups included
161:
160:
129:
107:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
28:
23:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1472:Coralline algae
1442:Artificial reef
1430:
1403:Symbiotic algae
1394:
1351:
1347:Reef resilience
1320:
1291:Coral bleaching
1279:
1145:Andros, Bahamas
1116:
1090:Coral reef fish
1039:
1001:
992:
920:
911:
881:
880:
871:
867:
858:
857:
853:
840:
839:
835:
825:
823:
794:
793:
789:
780:
779:
775:
770:
763:
753:
744:
735:
726:
709:
700:
690:
681:
667:
658:
652:
643:
633:
624:
614:
605:
599:
590:
562:Ehrenberg, 1834
548:Parasimplastrea
501:Ehrenberg, 1834
343:
326:staghorn corals
155:
98:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1457:Precious coral
1454:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1284:Coral diseases
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1270:Virgin Islands
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1170:Coral Triangle
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1003:
1002:
995:
993:
991:
990:
984:
978:
977:
976:
971:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
930:
928:
922:
921:
912:
910:
909:
902:
895:
887:
879:
878:
872:David Gibson,
865:
851:
833:
787:
772:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
754:
747:
745:
736:
729:
727:
710:
703:
701:
691:
684:
682:
668:
661:
659:
653:
646:
644:
634:
627:
625:
615:
608:
606:
600:
593:
589:
586:
585:
584:
574:
564:
554:
552:Sheppard, 1985
544:
534:
524:
514:
503:
493:
482:
472:
462:
451:
441:
431:
421:
410:
396:
386:
375:
364:
354:
342:
339:
234:
233:
232:
231:
226:
218:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
149:
148:
139:in the family
131:
130:
122:
121:
117:in the family
114:Favites abdita
109:
108:
100:
99:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
27:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1525:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:Zooxanthellae
1408:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:Project AWARE
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1357:Organizations
1354:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:Ningaloo Reef
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:List of reefs
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1122:Coral regions
1119:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
999:
989:
985:
983:
979:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
908:
903:
901:
896:
894:
889:
888:
885:
875:
869:
866:
861:
855:
852:
847:
843:
837:
834:
821:
816:
812:
808:
807:
802:
800:
791:
788:
783:
777:
774:
767:
762:
758:
751:
746:
743:
739:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
713:
707:
702:
698:
694:
688:
683:
680:
676:
675:Snapper Ledge
672:
665:
660:
657:
650:
645:
641:
640:Caribbean Sea
637:
631:
626:
623:
619:
618:Caribbean Sea
616:Brain coral,
612:
607:
604:
597:
592:
587:
580:
579:
575:
570:
569:
565:
560:
559:
555:
550:
549:
545:
540:
539:
535:
530:
529:
525:
520:
519:
515:
509:
508:
504:
499:
498:
494:
488:
487:
483:
478:
477:
473:
468:
467:
463:
457:
456:
452:
447:
446:
442:
437:
436:
432:
429:Lamarck, 1816
427:
426:
422:
416:
415:
411:
406:
402:
401:
397:
392:
391:
387:
381:
380:
376:
370:
369:
365:
360:
359:
355:
350:
349:
345:
344:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:
327:
323:
317:
315:
311:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
265:
261:
257:
253:
246:
245:
240:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
219:
214:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
159:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
123:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
101:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
24:
21:
16:
1503:Scleractinia
1423:Symbiodinium
1421:
1414:
1325:Conservation
1240:Pulley Ridge
1099:
1007:Octocorallia
938:
926:Hexacorallia
868:
854:
846:the original
836:
824:. Retrieved
810:
804:
798:
790:
776:
756:
755:Close up of
742:Key West, FL
737:
714:
692:
679:Florida Keys
670:
601:Brain coral
576:
566:
556:
546:
536:
526:
522:Quelch, 1884
516:
505:
495:
484:
474:
464:
453:
443:
435:Erythrastrea
433:
423:
412:
398:
388:
379:Colpophyllia
377:
366:
358:Bikiniastrea
356:
346:
336:
329:
318:
306:Scleractinia
299:stony corals
251:
250:
242:
210:Scleractinia
200:Hexacorallia
144:
140:
134:
118:
112:
20:
15:
1416:Amphidinium
1205:Lakshadweep
1140:Amazon Reef
1045:Coral reefs
918:coral reefs
826:12 November
723:Pleistocene
669:Closeup of
578:Solenastrea
568:Plesiastrea
538:Oulophyllia
507:Montastraea
400:Diploastrea
368:Caulastraea
362:Wells, 1954
348:Barabattoia
271:Merulinidae
256:common name
252:Brain coral
229:Merulinidae
119:Merulinidae
26:Brain coral
1497:Categories
1482:Fire coral
1467:Coral sand
1390:Reef Check
1370:Green Fins
1085:Microatoll
1025:Organ pipe
949:Hermatypic
768:References
476:Leptastrea
466:Goniastrea
459:Link, 1807
449:Oken, 1815
425:Echinopora
390:Cyphastrea
372:Dana, 1846
322:hurricanes
295:coral reef
1462:Coral rag
1385:Reef Ball
1155:Baa Atoll
699:, Bahamas
656:Indonesia
558:Platygyra
528:Oulastrea
176:Kingdom:
170:Eukaryota
1210:Maldives
1200:Kiribati
1150:Apo Reef
1080:Fringing
1035:Sea pens
1030:Sea fans
988:Tabulate
974:Staghorn
944:Elegance
715:Diploria
695:(dead),
603:spawning
518:Moseleya
497:Manicina
486:Leptoria
414:Diploria
314:Anthozoa
310:Cnidaria
275:spheroid
267:Mussidae
264:families
224:Mussidae
190:Cnidaria
186:Phylum:
180:Animalia
166:Domain:
145:Faviidae
141:Mussidae
1250:Red Sea
1195:Jamaica
969:Elkhorn
954:Chalice
717:at the
588:Gallery
455:Favites
405:Matthai
301:in the
262:in the
206:Order:
196:Class:
1275:Yabiji
1015:Bamboo
982:Rugose
959:Pillar
914:Corals
712:Fossil
407:, 1914
341:Genera
287:polyps
283:colony
260:corals
1435:Other
1190:India
1063:Coral
1053:Atoll
964:Table
939:Brain
934:Black
721:, of
445:Favia
331:Favia
303:order
279:brain
254:is a
1020:Blue
916:and
828:2021
811:2008
269:and
37:PreꞒ
1058:Cay
815:doi
725:age
1499::
809:.
803:.
677:,
673:,
147:)
87:Pg
986:†
980:†
906:e
899:t
892:v
862:.
830:.
817::
801:"
797:"
784:.
143:(
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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