159:, in which it refers to bleeding or spotting between any expected withdrawal bleedings, or bleeding or spotting at any time if none is expected. If spotting continues beyond the first 3-4 cycles of oral contraceptive use, a woman should have her prescription adjusted to a pill containing higher
515:
Breakthrough bleeding is commonly due to 4 factors: physiologic effects of OCs on the endometrium, OC-related parameters, (dose, formulation, and regimen), patient behavior, (compliance, using concomitant medications, and smoking) and benign or malignant pathology.
2189:
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Breakthrough bleeding that does not resolve on its own is a common reason for women to switch to different pill formulations, or to switch to a non-hormonal method of
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137:. Some women experience acute mid-cycle abdominal pain around the time of ovulation (sometimes referred to by the German term for this phenomenon,
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Patricia A. Lohr; Mitchell D. Creinin (2006). "Oral contraceptives and breakthrough bleeding: What patients need to know".
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The bleeding is usually light, often referred to as "spotting," though a few people may experience heavier bleeding.
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Intermittent spotting between periods can result from any of numerous reproductive system disorders:
588:
Bacon, JL (June 2017). "Abnormal
Uterine Bleeding: Current Classification and Clinical Management".
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2010:
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1821:
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Metrorrhagia is from metro = measure, -rrhagia = abnormal flow. The term is no longer recommended.
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M. Hickey; I. S. Fraser (2012). "Iatrogenic unscheduled (breakthrough) endometrial bleeding".
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507:(COCP) users during the initial 3 to 4 months of use, it then usually resolves on its own.
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In some women, menstrual spotting between periods occurs as a normal and harmless part of
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ratio by either increasing the estrogen dose or decreasing the relative progestin dose.
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Besides the aforementioned physiologic forms, metrorrhagia may also represent
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Carlson, Karen J., MD; Eisenstat, Stephanie A., MD; Ziporyn, Terra (2004).
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Vaginal bleeding at irregular intervals between expected menstrual periods
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143:). This may also occur at the same time as menstrual spotting. The term
739:"Prophylaxis: Barriers and challenges - World Federation of Hemophilia"
324:
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Netter's
Obstetrics and Gynecology: Netter's Obstetrics and Gynecology
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and be a sign of an underlying disorder, such as hormone imbalance,
465:. It may also occur with other hormonal contraceptives. Sometimes,
1691:
488:, the term describes a bleeding that occurs while a patient is on
714:
McGraw-Hill
Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. Copyright 2002
503:
It is estimated that breakthrough bleeding affects around 25% of
400:
1695:
871:
726:
Merriam-Webster's
Medical Dictionary > Breakthrough bleeding
152:
631:(4th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 139–140.
147:
or breakthrough spotting is usually used for women using
457:, usually referring to mid-cycle bleeding in users of
2152:
706:
Farlex
Medical Dictionary > Breakthrough Bleeding
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590:Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
846:"Rrhagia | Define Rrhagia at Dictionary.com"
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1859:Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive
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684:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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711:Segen's Medical Dictionary. Copyright 2012
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122:at irregular intervals between expected
51:Metrorrhagia, irregular vaginal bleeding
656:The New Harvard Guide to Women's Health
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677:
7:
660:. Harvard University Press. p.
477:, and sometimes it is classified as
1677:Persistent genital arousal disorder
25:
1491:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
1010:Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
505:combined oral contraceptive pill
461:, as attributed to insufficient
193:If the bleeding is repeated and
128:bleeding with sexual intercourse
2006:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
268:Sexually Transmitted Infections
1105:Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
820:The Journal of Family Practise
366:-only contraceptives, such as
319:Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
1:
453:) is any of various forms of
238:Primary fallopian tube cancer
93:Based on physical examination
2027:Menstrual hygiene management
1978:Premenstrual water retention
1952:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
1917:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
1201:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
1172:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
459:combined oral contraceptives
372:Change in oral contraception
126:. It may be associated with
1618:Pelvic inflammatory disease
334:polycystic ovarian syndrome
278:Endometrial abnormalities:
273:Pelvic inflammatory disease
197:, it can cause significant
73:Bleeding in between periods
2259:
1613:Pelvic congestion syndrome
1043:Fallopian tube obstruction
848:. Dictionary.reference.com
29:
1922:Metropathia haemorrhagica
1832:Billings Ovulation Method
1662:Vestibular papillomatosis
1581:
1514:
1414:
1241:
1231:Metropathia haemorrhagica
1095:
776:10.1007/s11154-012-9227-3
728:Retrieved on Feb 28, 2010
625:"60. Postcoital bleeding"
602:10.1016/j.ogc.2017.02.012
473:and thereby as a form of
309:Endocrinological causes:
172:abnormal uterine bleeding
2137:Sustainable menstruation
2117:Menstruation celebration
998:Follicular cyst of ovary
623:Smith, Roger P. (2023).
566:Culture and menstruation
30:Not to be confused with
2079:In culture and religion
1496:Sexual arousal disorder
1452:Candidal vulvovaginitis
1110:Endometrial hyperplasia
764:Rev Endocr Metab Disord
299:Endometrial hyperplasia
149:hormonal contraceptives
112:Intermenstrual bleeding
43:Intermenstrual bleeding
1907:Irregular menstruation
1864:Lactational amenorrhea
1827:Calendar-based methods
1796:Basal body temperature
939:Endometriosis of ovary
344:Von Willebrand Disease
199:iron-deficiency anemia
104:Irregular menstruation
99:Differential diagnosis
2107:Menstrual suppression
2069:Menstrual Hygiene Day
2001:Premenstrual syndrome
1383:Vesicouterine fistula
1326:Cervical incompetence
1251:Recurrent miscarriage
1189:Premenstrual syndrome
1050:Fallopian tube cancer
556:Menstruation in Islam
467:breakthrough bleeding
447:Breakthrough bleeding
442:Breakthrough bleeding
433:Enlarged uterus with
414:Implantation bleeding
145:breakthrough bleeding
18:Breakthrough bleeding
1541:Rectovaginal fistula
966:Poor ovarian reserve
339:Bleeding disorders:
2243:Menstrual disorders
2042:Cloth menstrual pad
2011:Menstrual psychosis
1973:Menstrual synchrony
1822:Fertility awareness
1591:Postcoital bleeding
1519:Urogenital fistulas
1447:Bacterial vaginosis
1100:Asherman's syndrome
561:Withdrawal bleeding
323:Diets which induce
157:oral contraceptives
1476:Sexual dysfunction
1442:Atrophic vaginitis
1378:Retroverted uterus
1341:Female infertility
1321:Cervical dysplasia
1246:Female infertility
1038:Female infertility
993:Corpus luteum cyst
949:Ovulatory disorder
944:Female infertility
708:, in turn citing:
484:In the context of
387:Traumatic causes:
233:Endometrial cancer
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1844:
1730:Events and phases
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1534:Obstetric fistula
1432:Vaginal discharge
1401:
1400:
1346:Cervical stenosis
1261:
1260:
1115:Endometrial polyp
1073:
1072:
1003:Theca lutein cyst
638:978-0-443-10739-9
469:is classified as
418:Ectopic pregnancy
314:Hormone imbalance
124:menstrual periods
109:
108:
89:Diagnostic method
37:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2250:
2154:
2122:Menstruation hut
2102:Menstrual stigma
2062:Period underwear
2032:Feminine hygiene
1968:Folliculogenesis
1912:Menometrorrhagia
1786:
1742:Follicular phase
1716:
1709:
1702:
1693:
1657:Kraurosis vulvae
1652:Bartholin's cyst
1635:
1586:Vaginal bleeding
1479:
1412:
1388:Uterine prolapse
1216:Menometrorrhagia
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983:Ovarian apoplexy
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546:Menometrorrhagia
455:vaginal bleeding
180:uterine fibroids
120:vaginal bleeding
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2165:
2151:
2146:
2112:Menstrual taboo
2097:Menstrual leave
2073:
2015:
1987:
1983:Sexual activity
1956:
1947:Polymenorrhagia
1932:Oligoamenorrhea
1892:Cryptomenorrhea
1868:
1841:
1837:Creighton Model
1810:
1777:
1756:
1725:
1723:Menstrual cycle
1720:
1690:
1681:
1622:
1597:
1577:
1510:
1473:
1468:
1464:Vaginal atresia
1397:
1357:
1316:Cervical cancer
1302:
1284:
1280:Uterine fibroid
1257:
1237:
1221:Polymenorrhagia
1162:Oligoamenorrhea
1134:
1129:
1069:
1024:
1020:Ovarian torsion
909:
899:Female diseases
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218:Cervical cancer
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12:
11:
5:
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2157:Classification
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1961:Related events
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1942:Oligoovulation
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1937:Oligomenorrhea
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1524:Ureterovaginal
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1501:Vaginal cancer
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1393:Uterine cancer
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1353:Nabothian cyst
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1167:Oligomenorrhea
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959:Oligoovulation
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864:External links
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826:(10): 872–80.
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770:(4): 301–308.
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429:Other causes:
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392:Automutilation
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379:medication or
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358:Drug induced:
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248:Inflammation:
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243:Ovarian cancer
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228:Vaginal cancer
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223:Uterine cancer
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188:vaginal cancer
184:uterine cancer
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83:Family history
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2037:Menstrual pad
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1787:
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1774:
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1759:
1753:
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1735:
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1728:
1724:
1717:
1712:
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1705:
1703:
1698:
1697:
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1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1647:Vulvar cancer
1645:
1644:
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1636:
1633:
1629:
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1592:
1589:
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1572:
1569:
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1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:Vesicovaginal
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
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1478:
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1471:
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1199:
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1187:
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1177:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
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1158:
1157:Hypomenorrhea
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:Endometriosis
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
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1098:
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1094:
1091:
1089:
1085:
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1080:
1076:
1066:
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1055:Hematosalpinx
1053:
1051:
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1044:
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1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1021:
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999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Mittelschmerz
971:
967:
964:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
950:
947:
946:
945:
942:
940:
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928:
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919:
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829:
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719:
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673:
671:0-674-01343-3
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619:
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531:
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526:birth control
519:
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476:
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468:
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422:(Incomplete)
421:
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409:
402:
398:
395:
393:
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389:
388:
382:
378:
377:anticoagulant
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283:Endometriosis
281:
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210:
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196:
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189:
185:
181:
177:
176:endometriosis
173:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:
140:mittelschmerz
136:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
105:
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100:
96:
92:
90:
86:
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80:
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66:
63:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
33:
19:
2214:
2203:
2188:
2169:
1927:Metrorrhagia
1897:Dysmenorrhea
1752:Luteal phase
1737:Menstruation
1566:Sigmoidocele
1474:
1419:Hematocolpos
1298:Parametritis
1206:Metrorrhagia
1184:Dysmenorrhea
1137:Menstruation
1135:
1125:Endometritis
1060:Hydrosalpinx
988:Ovarian cyst
850:. Retrieved
840:
823:
819:
785:11343/220598
767:
763:
757:
746:. Retrieved
742:
733:
721:
655:
647:
628:
618:
593:
589:
535:
523:
514:
502:
499:
496:Presentation
483:
479:not abnormal
478:
475:metrorrhagia
470:
466:
450:
446:
445:
428:
405:
397:Sexual abuse
386:
375:Overdose of
368:Depo Provera
357:
349:Pancytopenia
338:
308:
277:
258:Endometritis
247:
212:
208:
192:
169:
165:progesterone
138:
132:
115:
111:
110:
79:Risk factors
1887:Anovulation
1851:Suppression
1761:Life stages
1571:Urethrocele
1486:Dyspareunia
1459:Hydrocolpos
1423:Hydrocolpos
1369:Hematometra
1290:Parametrium
1275:Adenomyosis
1088:Endometrium
1065:Salpingitis
954:Anovulation
743:www.wfh.org
532:Terminology
490:prophylaxis
424:miscarriage
406:Related to
329:Atkins diet
288:Adenomyosis
213:Neoplasia:
48:Other names
32:Menorrhagia
2216:DiseasesDB
2142:Tampon tax
1882:Amenorrhea
1672:Vulvodynia
1556:Enterocele
1506:Vaginismus
1428:Leukorrhea
1336:Cervicitis
1267:Myometrium
1152:Amenorrhea
978:Oophoritis
852:2013-06-27
748:2018-07-05
572:References
486:hemophilia
294:leiomyomas
253:Cervicitis
151:, such as
62:Gynecology
2087:Chhaupadi
1874:Disorders
1773:Menopause
1747:Ovulation
1561:Rectocele
1551:Cystocele
1437:Vaginitis
680:cite book
551:Istihadha
520:Treatment
511:Mechanism
463:estrogens
435:menorrhea
408:pregnancy
364:progestin
263:Vaginitis
135:ovulation
57:Specialty
2237:Category
2092:In Islam
1782:Tracking
1768:Menarche
1667:Vulvitis
1631:External
1546:Prolapse
1373:Pyometra
914:Internal
907:genitals
832:17014753
802:26184273
794:23224719
610:28499529
540:See also
471:abnormal
381:Aspirine
353:leukemia
292:Uterine
161:estrogen
69:Symptoms
2210:D008796
2020:Hygiene
1815:Systems
1362:General
901:of the
362:Use of
351:due to
325:ketosis
2127:Niddah
2047:Tampon
1407:Vagina
1308:Cervix
1227:Other
1212:Mixed
1196:Timing
1079:Uterus
922:Adnexa
903:pelvis
830:
800:
792:
668:
635:
608:
304:Polyps
2199:626.6
2184:N92.4
2180:N92.1
1789:Signs
1639:Vulva
1606:Other
931:Ovary
798:S2CID
383:abuse
205:Cause
195:heavy
186:, or
118:) is
2221:6847
2205:MeSH
2194:9-CM
1179:Pain
1147:Flow
905:and
828:PMID
790:PMID
686:link
666:ISBN
633:ISBN
606:PMID
401:rape
153:IUDs
2190:ICD
2171:ICD
780:hdl
772:doi
662:385
598:doi
451:BTB
399:or
155:or
116:IMB
2239::
2219::
2208::
2197::
2182:,
2178::
2175:10
1430:/
1421:/
1371:/
824:55
822:.
810:^
796:.
788:.
778:.
768:13
766:.
741:.
694:^
682:}}
678:{{
664:.
627:.
604:.
594:44
592:.
580:^
528:.
492:.
481:.
410::
201:.
190:.
182:,
178:,
130:.
2192:-
2173:-
2163:D
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1708:t
1701:v
891:e
884:t
877:v
855:.
834:.
804:.
782::
774::
751:.
688:)
674:.
641:.
612:.
600::
449:(
163::
114:(
34:.
20:)
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