134:. Those in which the symptoms persist longer may be diagnosed with postconcussion syndrome (Ruff, 2005). PCS is recognised in International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10;(World Health Organization, 1992) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV;(American Psychiatric Association, 2000). PCS symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, light and noise sensitivity, nausea, fatigue, sleep disturbance, irritability, temper problems, emotional problems, poor concentration, and memory impairment.
68:
The two ratings are multiplied (how often × how bad) to create a single score for each item. These product-based scores are then converted to item scores that reflect both the frequency and intensity of symptom endorsement (range = 0–4). Item product scores convert to item total scores:
173:
Clinicians need to be cautious when interpreting questionnaires and be aware of the possibility of nonspecific symptom endorsement, symptom overendorsement, symptom expectations influencing symptom endorsement, and the
445:
238:
Brain injury medicine: principles and practice p. 377 By Nathan D. Zasler, Douglas I. Katz, Ross D. Zafonte
Publisher: Demos Medical Publishing; 1 edition (October 15, 2006) Language: English
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Iverson, GL; Brooks, BL; Ashton, VL; Lange, RT (Jan 2010). "Interview versus questionnaire symptom reporting in people with the postconcussion syndrome".
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Some research has indicated that healthy controls and those seen for psychological services also endorse many of the items on the BC-PSI
486:
395:
733:
827:
542:
876:
774:
243:
74:
Item scores of 3> reflect moderate to severe symptom endorsement, Item scores from 1 - 2 reflect mild endorsement of the symptom
843:
130:
For most patients with MTBI the cognitive, psychological, and psychosocial symptoms do not last longer than three to six months.
794:
563:
789:
573:
501:
388:
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between a clinician conducted open-ended interview and the self-report (BC-PSI), conducted among patients following a mild
812:
440:
255:
Belanger, HG; Vanderploeg, RD (Jul 2005). "The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: a meta-analysis".
532:
522:
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681:
624:
461:
50:
857:
640:
614:
558:
496:
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Meares, S.; et al. (Mar 2008). "Mild traumatic brain injury does not predict acute postconcussion syndrome".
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718:
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46:
728:
723:
411:
157:
804:
743:
588:
527:
38:
671:
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Iverson, GL; Lange, RT (2003). "Examination of "postconcussion-like" symptoms in a healthy sample".
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rating scale that measures the frequency and intensity of each symptom in the past two weeks.
578:
350:
307:
264:
205:
53:. The (BC-PSI) asks the respondent to rate the severity of 13 symptoms rated on a six-point
471:
870:
175:
160:
showed patients endorsed all 13 items on the (BC-PSI) at significantly higher rates.
370:
327:
284:
225:
537:
54:
354:
851:
209:
583:
268:
311:
425:
380:
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open-ended interview; average 3.3 symptoms; 44% endorsed 4 or more symptoms
64:
Intensity ratings range from 0 = “not at all” to 5 = “very severe problem”.
837:
42:
446:
Repeatable
Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status
61:
Frequency ratings range from 0 = “not at all” to 5 = “constantly”.
384:
167:
BC-PSI: average 9.1 symptoms; 92% endorsed 4 or more symptoms
41:
designed to measure both the frequency, and intensity of the
27:
measure of the ICD-10 criteria for Post concussion syndrome
132:(Belanger & Vanderploeg, 2005); (Carroll et al., 2004)
785:
Wechsler
Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
850:
836:
803:
762:
706:
690:
654:
633:
597:
551:
510:
454:
418:
23:
18:
71:0–1 = 0, 2–3 = 1, 4–6 = 2, 8–12 = 3, and 15+ = 4.
749:Pediatric Attention Disorders Diagnostic Screener
714:British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory
35:British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory
19:British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory
754:Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire
396:
8:
823:General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition
49:, which is a common occurrence in cases of
431:Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
403:
389:
381:
436:Luria–Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery
780:Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
188:
662:Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System
477:Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test
15:
620:Controlled Oral Word Association Test
605:Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination
482:Morningness–eveningness questionnaire
7:
818:Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination
487:Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test
734:Florida Cognitive Activities Scale
148:The results of a comparison study
14:
775:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
844:Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale
564:California Verbal Learning Test
790:Wechsler Test of Adult Reading
574:Digit symbol substitution test
502:Test of Variables of Attention
1:
828:Mini–mental state examination
813:Abbreviated mental test score
543:Rey–Osterrieth complex figure
441:Montreal Cognitive Assessment
300:J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
795:Raven's Progressive Matrices
533:Judgment of Line Orientation
523:Benton Visual Retention Test
355:10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181b4b6ab
770:National Adult Reading Test
682:Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
625:Thurstone Word Fluency Test
462:Continuous performance task
51:mild traumatic brain injury
893:
858:Test of Memory Malingering
641:Compensatory tracking task
615:Comprehensive aphasia test
559:1-2-AX working memory task
497:Test of everyday attention
210:10.1207/S15324826AN1003_02
667:Hayling and Brixton tests
269:10.1017/s1355617705050411
95:Extra sensitive to noises
877:Neuropsychological tests
719:Clinical Dementia Rating
698:Epworth Sleepiness Scale
569:Corsi block-tapping test
412:Neuropsychological tests
312:10.1136/jnnp.2007.126565
47:Post concussion syndrome
729:Disability Rating Scale
724:Digit Cancellation Test
37:(BC-PSI), is a 16 item
257:J Int Neuropsychol Soc
158:traumatic brain injury
86:Dizziness/light-headed
744:Glasgow Outcome Scale
589:Wechsler Memory Scale
528:Dot cancellation test
343:J Head Trauma Rehabil
39:self-report inventory
707:Specific impairments
672:Tower of London test
646:Purdue Pegboard Test
511:Sensation/Perception
467:D2 Test of Attention
518:Bender-Gestalt Test
89:Nausea/feeling sick
739:Glasgow Coma Scale
610:Boston Naming Test
492:Posner cueing task
116:Difficulty reading
110:Poor concentration
864:
863:
677:Trail Making Test
455:Arousal/Attention
198:Appl Neuropsychol
155:
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133:
31:
30:
884:
579:Doors and People
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104:Nervous or tense
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655:Problem-solving
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472:Four boxes test
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113:Memory problems
107:Temper problems
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263:(4): 345–57.
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244:1-888799-93-5
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204:(3): 137–44.
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176:nocebo effect
171:CONCLUSIONS:
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150:(Iverson GL.
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45:criteria for
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40:
36:
26:
22:
17:
763:Intelligence
713:
538:Navon figure
349:(1): 23–30.
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342:
336:
306:(3): 300–6.
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78:BC-PSI items
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34:
32:
852:Malingering
55:Likert-type
584:MCI Screen
183:References
119:Poor sleep
426:Cognistat
98:Irritable
83:Headaches
871:Category
805:Bed-side
598:Language
371:37285823
363:19680134
328:20317987
320:17702772
285:15959192
277:16209414
226:37015199
218:12890639
143:., 2008)
139:(Meares
126:Validity
419:Battery
101:Sadness
92:Fatigue
24:Purpose
838:Social
552:Memory
369:
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318:
283:
275:
242:
224:
216:
152:et al.
141:et al.
43:ICD-10
691:Sleep
634:Motor
367:S2CID
324:S2CID
281:S2CID
222:S2CID
154:2010)
359:PMID
316:PMID
273:PMID
240:ISBN
214:PMID
33:The
351:doi
308:doi
265:doi
206:doi
873::
365:.
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347:25
345:.
322:.
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304:79
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279:.
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261:11
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220:.
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202:10
200:.
145:.
404:e
397:t
390:v
373:.
353::
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287:.
267::
228:.
208::
178:.
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