169:
205:. The objectives given in the 1887 articles of incorporation were, "To unite its members; to combine their interests as railway conductors; to elevate their standards as such and their character as men for their mutual improvement and advantage, socially and otherwise..." The order provided mutual support and assistance to conductors, and administered a death and
250:
332:
May 26, 1955, after mediation, a strike ballot and
Presidential Emergency Board 109, the order achieved agreement on a graduated rate of pay system. Further gains were made in 1964, when employees won paid holidays and expenses away from home, and in 1966 when further improvements to wages and benefits were gained.
286:
on 23 August 1912. The commission sat through 154 days of public hearings between the fall of 1913 and the spring of 1915, uncovering many abuses and making various recommendations. In the late summer of 1916 Garretson played a leading role in negotiations in which railway workers won the right to an
331:
During the period from 1951 to 1954 various agreements were made over wage increases, cost of living adjustments and rules changes. The order had been accepting brakemen as members since the 1930s, and in 1954 the union changed its name to the Order of
Railway Conductors and Brakemen (ORC&B). On
232:
said "the
Brotherhood of Railway Conductors was organized at a time when the Order of Railway Conductors could scarcely be said to be in good standing with the laboring people because it had not a protective constitution. The young Brotherhood was organized to supply a pressing want of the time..."
277:
On 1 September 1906 Austin B. Garretson was elected Grand Chief
Conductor of the Order. His title was changed to president in 1907. In 1907 the ORC and other railroad unions managed to get Congress to pass laws that limited to sixteen the maximum number of hours a railroader could work in one day.
273:
was elected grand senior conductor, while C. H. Wilkins was assistant grand chief conductor. Garretson and
Wilkins then exchanged positions. In 1900 E. E. Clark made a speech at the Chicago Conference on Conciliation where he said that the men favored arbitration for settlement of labor disputes.
155:
The ORC represented the interests of train conductors, whose job function approximated that of an ocean ship captain and were consequently the most prestigious and highly compensated railway workers of their era. The ORC was governed by conventions held every three years and was not part of the
257:
Internal and external pressures combined to cause an upheaval in the organization in 1890. The old leaders were dismissed and a new, more aggressive policy of trade regulation was adopted. Good relations were established with other unions. The order continued to provide strong fraternal and
35:
258:
beneficial services, but the focus shifted to regulating working conditions and negotiating trade agreements to resolve difficulties with railroad owners. At the
September 21, 1891 meeting of the Brotherhood of Railway Conductors its Grand Chief
209:
plan. It covered the territories of the United States and Canada. Membership was open to white men in the occupations of road conductors, assistant conductors and ticket collectors; road brakemen,
220:
From 1877 to 1890 any member that participated in a strike would be expelled from the order. This led to the perception among other railway labor organizations that the conductors were
301:
The order's president S. N. Berry died on June 27, 1934. On 16 July 1934 James A. Phillips was appointed to fill his unexpired term as president. Phillips was elected chairman of the
187:
rather than a labor union. It adopted the name "Conductors
Brotherhood" at its first annual convention in 1869, and changed to the "Order of Railway Conductors of America" in 1878.
294:
Lucius E. Sheppard (1863-1934) was president of the Order of
Railway Conductors from 1919-28. He was one of the committee of six leaders of the main railway unions who founded the
237:
in 1886, the Rock Island
Division 106 of the Order of Railway Conductors said the demands of the switchmen were unjust and unreasonable. In response, one of the lodges of the
1192:
1071:
Proceedings of the Grand
Division of the Order of Railway Conductors (Formerly Conductors' Brotherhood): From Organization to the Eighteenth Session, Inclusive, 1868-1885.
269:
had been elected Grand Senior Conductor of the order. In 1890 he became Grand Chief Conductor of the Order. Clark would head the union until 1906. Assisting him, in 1894
241:
resolved, "That we extend our contempt and detestation to the members of Division 106, Order of Railway Conductors, for grovelling at the feet of railroad officials..."
336:
356:
324:
to join the Order of Railway Conductors during the war. The Order of Sleeping Car Conductors amalgamated with the ORC in 1942. Fraser was twice president of the
1182:
1167:
295:
1177:
1172:
325:
302:
141:
933:
882:
759:
732:
344:
305:
in February 1940. He replaced George Harrison, who resigned. Phillips became President-Emeritus of the Order of Railway Conductors in 1941.
238:
1197:
328:. Fraser died of a series of heart attacks at the union convention in May 1950. Roy O. Hughes of Milwaukee was elected as his successor.
279:
225:
340:
321:
229:
148:, and formed the "Conductors Union", which was to organize conductors across the country. On December 15, 1868 the group met at
361:
844:
253:
This ORC membership card for 1912 features a perforated serial number reminiscent of the train tickets punched by conductors.
949:
775:
320:
he was a representative of labor interests of the government's Management-Labor Policy Committee. Fraser encouraged the
198:
and moved to a semi-monthly frequency in August 1889. The magazine's frequency reverted to monthly status in June 1891.
157:
874:
Labor's Great War: The Struggle for Industrial Democracy and the Origins of Modern American Labor Relations, 1912-1921
112:
45:
262:
recommended consolidation with the Order of Railway conductors. The rival Brotherhood was absorbed into the order.
107:
in the United States. It has its origins in the Conductors Union founded in 1868. Later it extended membership to
104:
1187:
180:
133:
283:
898:
168:
707:. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Library.
814:
34:
206:
270:
152:, where they elected the leaders to form a "grand division" and adopted a constitution and bylaws.
137:
923:
749:
722:
906:
862:
780:
202:
184:
71:
17:
1069:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1025:
969:
929:
878:
840:
834:
755:
728:
684:
145:
872:
797:
1042:
1011:
987:
704:
695:
259:
698:. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University Library.
313:
129:
228:
was formed as a labor union in 1885. A later report of this event in the journal of the
266:
210:
149:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
316:
was president of the Order of Railway Conductors of America from 1941 to 1950. During
1161:
796:
Fisher, C.O. (1922). "Use of Federal Power in settlement of railway labor disputes".
221:
317:
1005:
836:
Home Front Heroes: A Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime, Volume 1
1010:. U. S. Govt. Print. Off. for United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics. p.
705:"Guide to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen Records, 1873-1975"
444:
442:
288:
953:
542:
540:
538:
536:
712:
DeLeon, Solon; Fine, Nathan (1926). "Order of Railway Conductors of America".
1079:
Working for the Railroad: The Organization of Work in the Nineteenth Century.
214:
618:
499:
497:
495:
493:
696:"Guide to the Order Of Railway Conductors And Brakemen Records, 1868-1969"
249:
1074:
Cedar Rapids, IA: Standard Co. for the Order of Railway Conductors, 1888.
108:
594:
287:
eight-hour day and time and a half overtime pay with the passage of the
234:
472:
190:
The order began to publish its official organ, the monthly magazine
683:
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen (1891). "Proposed Consolidation".
606:
248:
167:
546:
448:
201:
The order was incorporated in 1887 and made its headquarters in
503:
111:. In 1969 the ORC merged with three other unions to form the
1086:
Good, Reliable, White Men: Railroad Brotherhoods, 1877-1917.
484:
799:
Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
460:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
128:
The first Conductor's Union was formed in early 1868 at
971:
Report of Officers and Committees to the Grand Division
922:
Onofrio, Jan (2000-05-01). "Garretson, Austin Bruce".
860:"J.A. Phillips Chosen Chairman of Labor Executives".
77:
67:
59:
51:
41:
642:
968:Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen (1934).
347:to form the "United Transportation Union" (UTU).
1081:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.
217:conductors, yard foremen and other yard trades.
1088:Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
1007:Handbook of American trade-unions: 1936 edition
619:President-Emeritus Served Nation and Labor 1949
337:Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen
986:"President-Emeritus Served Nation and Labor".
666:
357:History of rail transport in the United States
724:10,000 Famous Freemasons From A To J Part One
595:Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen 1934
8:
833:Gerard, Gene C. (2007). "Fraser, Harry W.".
654:
582:
136:. Soon after another division was formed at
27:
815:"Former O.R.C. Chief dies of Heart Trouble"
296:Conference for Progressive Political Action
716:. New York: Rand School of Social Science.
396:
164:Benefit and temperance society (1869-1890)
33:
26:
1193:Organizations based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa
703:Bulkley, Connie; Eastman, Carol (2002).
558:
278:Garretson was appointed a member of the
570:
527:
433:
421:
384:
377:
142:Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad
630:
607:J.A. Phillips Chosen Chairman NYT 1940
515:
335:In 1969 the ORC&B merged with the
97:Order of Railway Conductors of America
28:Order of Railway Conductors of America
449:Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen 1891
326:Railway Labor Executives' Association
303:Railway Labor Executives' Association
194:in 1884. The publication was renamed
144:. The two groups met in July 1868 at
103:) was a labor union that represented
7:
751:10,000 Famous Freemasons from K to Z
547:ORC&B reigned for a century: UTU
473:Mr. Clark's qualifications: NYT 1902
140:, by a group of conductors from the
1183:Trade unions disestablished in 1969
1168:Railway unions in the United States
172:Cover of the January 1885 issue of
714:The American Labor Year Book, 1926
345:Switchmen's Union of North America
280:Commission on Industrial Relations
239:Switchmen's Mutual Aid Association
132:, by a group of conductors on the
25:
950:"ORC&B reigned for a century"
802:. U.S. Government Printing Office
504:Former O.R.C. Chief dies ... 1931
226:Brotherhood of Railway Conductors
18:Brotherhood of Railway Conductors
1178:Trade unions established in 1868
928:. North American Book Dist LLC.
341:Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen
322:Order of Sleeping Car Conductors
233:During a strike of switchmen in
230:Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen
179:The original organization was a
1173:1868 establishments in Illinois
877:. UNC Press Books. p. 19.
686:The Railroad Trainman, Volume 8
362:List of American railway unions
839:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1:
1004:Stewart, Estelle May (1936).
485:Edgar E. Clark dead: NYT 1930
298:in Chicago in February 1922.
291:. Garretson retired in 1919.
925:Iowa Biographical Dictionary
899:"Mr. Clark's qualifications"
871:McCartin, Joseph A. (1997).
748:Denslow, William R. (2004).
721:Denslow, William R. (2004).
192:Railway Conductor's Monthly,
174:Railway Conductor's Monthly.
158:American Federation of Labor
1198:United Transportation Union
1092:Railway Conductor's Monthly
694:Bulkley, Constance (2002).
113:United Transportation Union
46:United Transportation Union
1214:
1068:William P. Daniels (ed.),
989:The Conductor and Brakeman
667:Bulkley & Eastman 2002
309:Later history (1941-1969)
245:Consolidation (1890-1941)
224:. In response, the rival
134:Illinois Central Railroad
32:
754:. Kessinger Publishing.
727:. Kessinger Publishing.
461:Switchmen's Journal 1886
85:United States and Canada
643:Union Chief Dies: 1950
397:DeLeon & Fine 1926
284:United States Congress
254:
213:and train baggagemen;
176:
119:Organizational history
1096:The Railway Conductor
1084:Paul Michel Taillon,
952:. UTU. Archived from
776:"Edgar E. Clark dead"
252:
196:The Railway Conductor
171:
819:Cedar Rapids Gazette
207:disability insurance
1030:. Vol. 1. 1886
1027:Switchmen's Journal
866:. 17 February 1940.
271:Austin B. Garretson
138:Galesburg, Illinois
29:
1043:"Union Chief Dies"
910:. October 17, 1902
907:The New York Times
863:The New York Times
821:. 27 February 1931
784:. December 2, 1930
781:The New York Times
689:. The Brotherhood.
255:
203:Cedar Rapids, Iowa
185:temperance society
177:
72:Cedar Rapids, Iowa
1154:
1047:Coshocton Tribune
992:. 1949. p. 5
935:978-0-403-09304-5
884:978-0-8078-4679-7
761:978-1-4179-7579-2
734:978-1-4179-7578-5
181:fraternal benefit
146:Mendota, Illinois
124:Foundation (1868)
93:
92:
55:December 15, 1868
16:(Redirected from
1205:
1188:Fraternal orders
1102:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1049:: 1. 14 May 1950
1038:
1036:
1035:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1000:
998:
997:
982:
980:
979:
964:
962:
961:
945:
943:
942:
918:
916:
915:
903:
894:
892:
891:
867:
856:
854:
853:
829:
827:
826:
810:
808:
807:
792:
790:
789:
771:
769:
768:
744:
742:
741:
717:
708:
699:
690:
670:
664:
658:
655:Denslow 2004 A-J
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
586:
583:Denslow 2004 K-Z
580:
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
544:
531:
525:
519:
513:
507:
501:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
437:
431:
425:
419:
400:
394:
388:
382:
260:George W. Howard
105:train conductors
86:
37:
30:
21:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1158:
1157:
1065:
1063:Further reading
1060:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1003:
995:
993:
985:
977:
975:
967:
959:
957:
948:
940:
938:
936:
921:
913:
911:
901:
897:
889:
887:
885:
870:
859:
851:
849:
847:
832:
824:
822:
813:
805:
803:
795:
787:
785:
774:
766:
764:
762:
747:
739:
737:
735:
720:
711:
702:
693:
682:
673:
665:
661:
653:
649:
641:
637:
629:
625:
617:
613:
605:
601:
593:
589:
581:
577:
569:
565:
561:, p. 24ff.
557:
553:
545:
534:
526:
522:
514:
510:
502:
491:
483:
479:
471:
467:
459:
455:
447:
440:
432:
428:
420:
403:
395:
391:
383:
379:
370:
353:
314:Harry W. Fraser
311:
282:created by the
247:
166:
130:Amboy, Illinois
126:
121:
89:
84:
63:January 1, 1969
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:Vol. 13 (1896)
1148:Vol. 12 (1895)
1144:Vol. 11 (1894)
1140:Vol. 10 (1893)
1099:
1098:
1089:
1082:
1077:Walter Licht,
1075:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1039:
1022:
1001:
983:
965:
946:
934:
919:
895:
883:
868:
857:
845:
830:
811:
793:
772:
760:
745:
733:
718:
709:
700:
691:
679:
672:
671:
659:
657:, p. 266.
647:
635:
633:, p. 315.
623:
611:
599:
597:, p. 369.
587:
585:, p. 129.
575:
573:, p. 293.
563:
551:
532:
530:, p. 292.
520:
508:
489:
477:
465:
453:
451:, p. 710.
438:
436:, p. 255.
426:
424:, p. 254.
401:
399:, p. 105.
389:
387:, p. 253.
376:
369:
366:
365:
364:
359:
352:
349:
310:
307:
267:Edgar E. Clark
246:
243:
222:strikebreakers
165:
162:
150:Columbus, Ohio
125:
122:
120:
117:
91:
90:
88:
87:
81:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1210:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:Vol. 9 (1892)
1133:
1132:Vol. 8 (1891)
1129:
1128:Vol. 7 (1890)
1125:
1124:Vol. 6 (1889)
1121:
1120:Vol. 5 (1888)
1117:
1116:Vol. 4 (1887)
1113:
1112:Vol. 3 (1886)
1109:
1108:Vol. 2 (1885)
1105:
1104:Vol. 1 (1884)
1101:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1002:
991:
990:
984:
974:. p. 369
973:
972:
966:
956:on 2013-06-17
955:
951:
947:
937:
931:
927:
926:
920:
909:
908:
900:
896:
886:
880:
876:
875:
869:
865:
864:
858:
848:
842:
838:
837:
831:
820:
816:
812:
801:
800:
794:
783:
782:
777:
773:
763:
757:
753:
752:
746:
736:
730:
726:
725:
719:
715:
710:
706:
701:
697:
692:
688:
687:
681:
680:
678:
677:
668:
663:
660:
656:
651:
648:
644:
639:
636:
632:
627:
624:
620:
615:
612:
608:
603:
600:
596:
591:
588:
584:
579:
576:
572:
567:
564:
560:
559:McCartin 1997
555:
552:
548:
543:
541:
539:
537:
533:
529:
524:
521:
518:, p. 38.
517:
512:
509:
505:
500:
498:
496:
494:
490:
486:
481:
478:
474:
469:
466:
462:
457:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
430:
427:
423:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
393:
390:
386:
381:
378:
375:
374:
367:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
333:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
308:
306:
304:
299:
297:
292:
290:
285:
281:
275:
272:
268:
263:
261:
251:
244:
242:
240:
236:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
175:
170:
163:
161:
159:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
123:
118:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
83:
82:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1051:. Retrieved
1046:
1032:. Retrieved
1026:
1015:. Retrieved
1006:
994:. Retrieved
988:
976:. Retrieved
970:
958:. Retrieved
954:the original
939:. Retrieved
924:
912:. Retrieved
905:
888:. Retrieved
873:
861:
850:. Retrieved
835:
823:. Retrieved
818:
804:. Retrieved
798:
786:. Retrieved
779:
765:. Retrieved
750:
738:. Retrieved
723:
713:
685:
675:
674:
662:
650:
638:
626:
614:
602:
590:
578:
571:Onofrio 2000
566:
554:
528:Onofrio 2000
523:
511:
480:
468:
456:
434:Stewart 1936
429:
422:Stewart 1936
392:
385:Stewart 1936
380:
372:
371:
334:
330:
318:World War II
312:
300:
293:
276:
264:
256:
219:
200:
195:
191:
189:
178:
173:
154:
127:
100:
96:
94:
68:Headquarters
631:Gerard 2007
516:Fisher 1922
289:Adamson Act
1162:Categories
1053:2013-08-07
1034:2013-08-07
1017:2013-08-07
996:2013-08-08
978:2013-08-08
960:2013-08-07
941:2013-08-08
914:2009-02-28
890:2013-08-08
852:2013-08-07
846:0313334218
825:2013-08-07
806:2013-08-07
788:2009-02-28
767:2013-08-08
740:2013-08-07
368:References
343:, and the
373:Citations
60:Dissolved
351:See also
265:In 1888
109:brakemen
78:Location
676:Sources
235:Chicago
211:flagmen
52:Founded
932:
881:
843:
758:
731:
339:, the
42:Merged
902:(PDF)
930:ISBN
879:ISBN
841:ISBN
756:ISBN
729:ISBN
215:yard
183:and
95:The
1012:253
101:ORC
1164::
1150:|
1146:|
1142:|
1138:|
1134:|
1130:|
1126:|
1122:|
1118:|
1114:|
1110:|
1106:|
1094:/
1045:.
904:.
817:.
778:.
535:^
492:^
441:^
404:^
160:.
115:.
1056:.
1037:.
1020:.
999:.
981:.
963:.
944:.
917:.
893:.
855:.
828:.
809:.
791:.
770:.
743:.
669:.
645:.
621:.
609:.
549:.
506:.
487:.
475:.
463:.
99:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
