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Dancers wear white trousers and white tunics, with brightly coloured ribbons streaming from their hats. Bells are attached to their ankles, and dances include the use of ornate sticks held upright whilst dancing, or pointing at the ground as a prop. The dance itself is highly acrobatic, emphasizing
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Traditionally, the Călușari group is a secret, male-only society associated with a spring rite, possibly a remnant of tribal warrior societies. The group leader (usually an older man) recruits a number of acolytes, always young, single adults chosen for physical prowess. The group members take an
435:, and point to the horse's mythical associations with fertility and war, as well as the imitation of horses found in certain Căluș dances, although these dances do not currently play a principal role in the ritual. Another theory is that it derives from "
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also means "a small piece of wood placed in the mouth to prevent talking", and derivation from this word has some support from the presence of the mute figure in some groups, and the ritual silence that used to be observed by the entire group. Others see
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region that included 1–2 young girls, now obsolete. A "bride" would be chosen by the group from each village they passed through, based on her dancing skills. The "bride" would be oath-bound to join in the ritual dance, for three years in a row.
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oath of secrecy, whereupon they participate in an initiation rite and taught the forms of the dance. The groups of Călușari roam the country in spring-time, visiting villages by turns and taking part in the week-end dances –
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In their dance, the Călușari carried clubs and a sword, as well as a flag and a wooden horsehead. They swore on the group's flag to treat each other as brothers, to respect the customs of the Călușari and to remain
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in
Romanian, for around two weeks they have traditionally travelled to all their local communities where they would dance, accompanied by a few fiddlers.
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for the next nine days. Upon their return home, their flag was fixed into the ground, with one member climbing it and crying out "war, dear ones, war!".
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noted that "Although the oath taken is made in the name of God, the mythico-ritual scenario enacted by the calusari has nothing in common with
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The origins of the Călușari are unknown, although the first written attestations are from the 17th-century musical notations of
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The
Romanian Căluș tradition and its changing symbolism as it travels from the village to the global platform
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of
Transylvania are very close to the Călușari with the addition of more complex later developments.
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Figures are formed from combinations of elements, often have a beginning-middle-end structure.
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Mircea Eliade believed that the term Călușari originated with the
Romanian word for
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Proclamation of the Oral and
Intagible Heritage of Humanity: The Calus Tradition
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Vancouver Morris Men's account of dancing with Canada's Regina Călușari in 1997
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is a male group dance, although there are records of traditions from
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The history of sacred dances: Choros, Hora, Calusul and Morris dance
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Journal of the
Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University
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is also similar in choreography, the meaning of the ritualistic
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Masterpieces of the Oral and
Intangible Heritage of Humanity
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Ordinary Time, Time after
Pentecost, Time after Trinity
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847:(1975). "Some Observations on European Witchcraft".
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307:who practice a ritual acrobatic dance known as the
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821:Căluș: Symbolic Transformation in Romanian Ritual
648:include only the most basic features whereas the
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1314:(The Spirit of the Lord fills the Universe)
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526:The dance includes the following elements:
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300:, singular: Călușar) are the members of a
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1388:Orgelbüchlein § Pentecost BWV 631–634
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923:Mellish, Liz; Green, Nick, eds. (2020b) .
885:Mellish, Liz; Green, Nick, eds. (2020a) .
876:Mellish, Liz; Green, Nick, eds. (2018) .
612:Other male group dances originating from
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
996:Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
506:extension and high jumps, much like the
182:This article includes a list of general
878:"Ceată de feciori – men's group dances"
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540:, in a circle moving counter clockwise.
1336:Komm, Schöpfer Geist, kehr bei uns ein
1324:Komm, Heilger Geist, der Leben schafft
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959:Călușari dance history and background
397:The generally accepted derivation of
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253:Dancers dressed in the călușari style
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911:, Uppsala University, archived from
823:. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
561:According to the Romanian historian
95:adding citations to reliable sources
1318:Komm, Gott Schöpfer, Heiliger Geist
1312:Der Geist des Herrn erfüllt das All
401:is from the old Latin double form "
1326:(Come, Holy Spirit, creating life)
624:. The Carpathian variants such as
426:"horse", in turn derived from the
188:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1342:Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist
1332:(Come, Holy Spirit, God and Lord)
831:(1973). "Notes on the Călușari".
370:for three years in some regions.
41:This article has multiple issues.
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1350:(Come, Holy Ghost, Who Ever One)
1338:(Come, Creator Spirit, visit us)
1330:Komm, Heiliger Geist, Herre Gott
1320:(Come, God Creator, Holy Spirit)
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530:The starting figure of walking (
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1344:(We now implore the Holy Ghost)
358:Romanian historian of religion
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49:or discuss these issues on the
457:Two Călușari, photographed by
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1356:(O come, you spirit of truth)
1354:O komm, du Geist der Wahrheit
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19:For The X-Files episode, see
1302:Breathe on Me, Breath of God
761:Mellish & Green (2020a)
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1348:Nunc sancte nobis spiritus
803:Mellish & Green (2018)
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1169:Monday of the Holy Spirit
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1061:Rite of the Kalyady Tsars
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887:"Lower Danubian Călușari"
839:(The Gaster Festschrift).
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327:. From three weeks after
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16:A riitual acrobatic dance
1307:Come Down, O Love Divine
1174:Third Day of the Trinity
925:"Transylvanian Călușeri"
557:Association with fairies
271:Romanian pronunciation:
203:more precise citations.
1393:Bach's church cantatas
961:from the Dunav website
819:Kligman, Gail (1977).
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1383:Messe de la Pentecôte
1362:(Come Creator Spirit)
1360:Veni Creator Spiritus
949:The Romanian Călușari
902:Mellish, Liz (2006),
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1489:Bulgarian traditions
1469:Moldovan folk dances
1464:Romanian folk dances
1366:Veni Sancte Spiritus
1189:Western Christianity
1146:Eastern Christianity
918:on 28 September 2007
849:History of Religions
616:are found along the
91:improve this article
1479:Moldovan traditions
1368:(Come, Holy Spirit)
1051:Hlinecko Shrovetide
790:, pp. 160–161.
420:as a diminutive of
404:collusium, collusii
275:[kəluˈʃarʲ]
1418:Season of Apostles
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48:
47:
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37:
28:
27:
22:
1509:Group dances
1262:Rose Sundays
1252:Morris dance
1241:
1237:Baby jumping
1207:Whit Tuesday
1030:
913:the original
904:
852:
848:
836:
832:
820:
812:Bibliography
783:
756:
744:
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695:Weapon dance
665:Morris dance
663:The English
662:
622:Transylvania
611:
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364:Christianity
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89:Please help
84:verification
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
21:The Calusari
1277:Whit Friday
1202:Whit Monday
1016:Anastenaria
690:Hobby horse
669:sword dance
658:Fecioreasca
638:Bărbătescul
618:Carpathians
508:Ceili dance
449:Description
353:Ioan Căianu
201:introducing
1458:Categories
1267:Wakes week
1247:Green week
1230:Traditions
927:. Eliznik.
889:. Eliznik.
880:. Eliznik.
706:References
700:Sântoaderi
685:Green week
673:folk dance
630:Țânțăroiul
626:Trilișești
538:basic step
513:Like many
438:Coli-Salii
294:Macedonian
184:references
117:newspapers
106:"Călușari"
46:improve it
1514:Pentecost
1127:Pentecost
1076:Verbunkos
1066:Semeiskie
1026:Busójárás
869:161503454
646:Maramureș
374:Etymology
368:communion
335:, called
333:Pentecost
302:fraternal
280:Bulgarian
267:Călușarii
52:talk page
1443:Category
1272:Whit ale
1257:Pinkster
1242:Călușari
1137:calendar
1041:Falconry
1031:Căluşari
679:See also
642:De sărit
634:Moldavia
581:Irodiada
536:), or a
533:plimbări
432:caballus
391:caballus
321:Bulgaria
317:Romanian
284:Калушари
263:Romanian
259:Călușari
1499:Fairies
1406:Related
1197:Whitsun
1071:Táncház
650:De bâtă
620:and in
546:mișcare
499:Oltenia
347:History
339:Rusalii
298:Русалии
289:Русалии
197:improve
131:scholar
1135:Church
1046:Fujara
867:
656:, and
654:Haidău
602:chaste
331:until
329:Easter
186:, but
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1376:Other
1294:Hymns
1286:Music
1036:Doina
916:(PDF)
909:(PDF)
865:S2CID
644:from
632:from
589:Diana
585:Arada
520:nebun
494:căluș
487:dance
485:Căluș
428:Latin
417:căluș
410:căluș
399:Căluș
380:horse
311:căluș
138:JSTOR
124:books
1004:list
640:and
636:and
628:and
583:and
569:zîne
491:The
476:hora
443:Mars
323:and
257:The
110:news
857:doi
423:cal
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355:.
286:or
93:by
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