308:
212:
134:
365:
72:
Cooke, Richard (2021). "Origins, Dispersal, and
Survival of Indigenous Societies in the Central American Landbridge Zone of the Isthmo-Colombian Area". In McEwan, Colin; Hoopes, John (eds.).
122:
435:
445:
115:
406:
108:
349:
100:
372:
23:
399:
93:(1999). The crises and transformations of invaded societies: The Caribbean (1492–1580). In F. Salomon & S. B. Schwartz (Eds.),
430:
30:. Although it has been used variously to describe a specific ethnicity, many scholars believe that the peoples who used the
198:
392:
150:
425:
342:
246:
239:
440:
335:
256:
271:
266:
276:
251:
376:
319:
234:
168:
90:
193:
261:
173:
47:
31:
419:
288:
217:
158:
35:
74:
Pre-Columbian
Central America, Colombia, and Ecuador: Toward an Integrated Approach
34:
belonged to multiple ethnolinguistic groups, and that this language was in fact a
188:
178:
138:
52:
207:
307:
95:
The
Cambridge history of the native peoples of South America: South America
97:(Vol. 3, Pt. 1, pp. 864–903). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
364:
315:
183:
142:
27:
104:
380:
323:
22:
was the name assigned by
Spanish colonists to various
227:
149:
76:. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. pp. 49–83.
400:
343:
116:
8:
436:Extinct Indigenous peoples of the Americas
407:
393:
350:
336:
123:
109:
101:
446:Indigenous peoples of North America stubs
26:populations they encountered in Eastern
64:
7:
361:
359:
304:
302:
373:Indigenous peoples of North America
379:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
322:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
363:
306:
210:
132:
1:
371:This article relating to the
462:
358:
301:
285:
205:
16:American indigenous town
431:Ethnic groups in Panama
318:-related article is a
139:Ancestry and ethnicity
91:Whitehead, Neil L.
426:History of Panama
388:
387:
331:
330:
296:
295:
453:
409:
402:
395:
367:
360:
352:
345:
338:
310:
303:
220:
215:
214:
213:
137:
136:
135:
125:
118:
111:
102:
78:
77:
69:
461:
460:
456:
455:
454:
452:
451:
450:
416:
415:
414:
413:
357:
356:
299:
297:
292:
281:
223:
216:
211:
209:
203:
145:
133:
131:
129:
87:
85:Further reading
82:
81:
71:
70:
66:
61:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
459:
457:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
418:
417:
412:
411:
404:
397:
389:
386:
385:
368:
355:
354:
347:
340:
332:
329:
328:
311:
294:
293:
286:
283:
282:
280:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
243:
242:
231:
229:
228:Non-Indigenous
225:
224:
222:
221:
206:
204:
202:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
174:Embera-Wounaan
171:
166:
161:
155:
153:
147:
146:
130:
128:
127:
120:
113:
105:
99:
98:
86:
83:
80:
79:
63:
62:
60:
57:
56:
55:
50:
48:Cueva language
43:
40:
32:Cueva language
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
458:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
423:
421:
410:
405:
403:
398:
396:
391:
390:
384:
382:
378:
374:
369:
366:
362:
353:
348:
346:
341:
339:
334:
333:
327:
325:
321:
317:
312:
309:
305:
300:
291:
290:
284:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
241:
238:
237:
236:
233:
232:
230:
226:
219:
218:Panama portal
208:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
126:
121:
119:
114:
112:
107:
106:
103:
96:
92:
89:
88:
84:
75:
68:
65:
58:
54:
51:
49:
46:
45:
41:
39:
37:
36:lingua franca
33:
29:
25:
21:
441:Panama stubs
381:expanding it
370:
324:expanding it
313:
298:
287:
163:
94:
73:
67:
19:
18:
199:Ngöbe–Buglé
420:Categories
151:Indigenous
59:References
24:indigenous
240:Cimarron
42:See also
272:Mexican
267:Mestizo
257:Italian
247:Chinese
235:African
316:Panama
289:Portal
262:Jewish
252:Indian
184:Movere
169:Embera
159:Bokota
143:Panama
28:Panama
375:is a
314:This
277:White
194:Ngäbe
164:Cueva
20:Cueva
377:stub
320:stub
189:Naso
179:Guna
53:Kuna
141:in
422::
38:.
408:e
401:t
394:v
383:.
351:e
344:t
337:v
326:.
124:e
117:t
110:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.