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1351:, some of whom are well known throughout the country. From the 1960s and so on, a number of artists prepared the way, and their names are cited by today's artists as essential influences. Some of these known cartoonists in Tanzania include Ally Masoud 'kipanya', Sammi Mwamkinga, Nathan Mpangala 'Kijasti', King kinya, Adam Lutta, Fred Halla, James Gayo, Robert Mwampembwa, Francis Bonda, Popa Matumula, Noah Yongolo, Oscar Makoye, Fadhili Mohamed, and many others (see the history of cartoons in Tanzania at the Worldcomics website:
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479:, and Jackson Njau planned and provided life-size fossil casts at the request of the Tanzanian government, which were used by the Tanzanian artist Festo Kijo to create the two large concrete skulls. The monument consists of two large-scale models of fossil skulls which sit atop a large pedestal with an informative plaque mounted on the side of the pedestal. The fossil skulls depicted are
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In the few years prior to 1993, hip hop had been established in Dar es Salaam, Arusha and Mwanza. It was transitioning from
English performances of hip hop originating in uzunguni, rich areas like Oysterbay and Msasaki with international schools, to Kiswahili performances of kizazi kipya, originating
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Apart from being a painter, George
Lilanga, who died in 2005, was also one of Tanzania's most famous sculptors. Tanzanian craftsmen and artists of different ethnic groups have created a rich legacy of sculptures, representing people, animals or practical items of everyday use. Best known of these
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poetry accompanied by a band, typically with strings and percussion, in which the audience is often, but not always, encouraged to dance and clap. Kwaya is choir music originally limited to church services during colonization, but now a secular part of education, social, and political events.
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Tanzania's literary culture is primarily oral. Major oral literary forms include folktales, poems, riddles, proverbs, and songs. The greatest part of
Tanzania's recorded oral literature is in Swahili, even though each of the country's languages has its own oral tradition. The country's oral
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502:, located 5 km beyond the monument, is situated on the rim of the gorge at the junction of the main gorge and the side gorge. As one of the largest onsite museums in Africa, the museum provides educational exhibits related to the gorge and its long history.
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literature has been declining because of the breakdown of the multigenerational social structure, making transmission of oral literature more difficult, and because increasing modernization has been accompanied by the devaluation of oral literature.
582:, was shown by his local staff enormous bones weathering out of the path near the base of Tendaguru Hill, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Mtapaia (close to Nambiranji village, Mipingo ward, 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Lindi town).
471:(a route traveled by safari-goers). Eng. Joshua Mwankunda conceived the idea of erecting a monument to commemorate this significant site while also serving as a signpost and attracting visitors to the Olduvai Gorge and museum; paleoanthropologists
1969:
609:. Paintings made with a reddish dye also contained buffalo heads, giraffe's head and neck, domesticated cattle dated back to about several hundred years ago. Archaeologists estimated that these paintings can describe a ritual of the
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765:(RTD). Only the 4 Tanzanian genres were permitted to be recorded or broadcast, which at the time was ngoma, taarab, kwaya and dansi. The Broadcasting Services Act of 1993 allows private broadcast networks and recording studios.
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and singeli from
Tanzania, both since 2020. Singeli is a ngoma music style that originated in Manzese, a uswahilini in north-west Dar es Salaam. An MC performs over fast tempo taarab music, often at between 200-300
589:, was published for young readers in East Africa. It presents a slightly different, fictitious story of the first discovery, which is attributed to a Tanzanian farmer, rather than to the German engineer Sattler.
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for the citizens of the new country. To achieve this, Nyerere provided what has been regarded by some commentators as one of the most successful cases of ethnic repression and identity transformation in Africa.
487:, two contemporary species which were first discovered at Olduvai Gorge. The large-scale models created by Kijo are each 6 feet tall and weigh 5,000 pounds. The monument project was funded by the
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spoken, Tanzania is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in Africa. Despite this, ethnic divisions have remained rare in
Tanzania, especially when compared to the rest of the continent.
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The music industry in
Tanzania has seen many changes in the past ten years. With a fusion of local and foreign music traditions, Tanzanian musicians have grown in prominence within the
1488:. The National Sports Council also known as Baraza la Michezo la Taifa is the governing body for sports in the country under the Ministry of Information, Youth, Sports and Culture.
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Books in
Tanzania are often expensive and hard to come by. Most Tanzanian literature is in Swahili or, less often, in English. Major figures in Tanzanian written literature include
2523:[Use of Narrative Techniques in Raising the Demand for Political Liberation in Southern Africa: An Examination of Selected Dance Music Songs in Tanzania 1940-1990].
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word, meaning dance, drum and event is a traditional dance music that has been the most widespread music in
Tanzania. Dansi is urban jazz or band music. Taarab is sung
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2521:"Matumizi ya Mbinu ya Usimulizi katika Kuibua Dhamira ya Ukombozi wa Kisiasa Kusini mwa Afrika: Uchunguzi wa Nyimbo Teule za Muziki wa Dansi nchini Tanzania 1940-1990"
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Given the conditions of the period, it was not possible to introduce
Swahili in the entire educational system, because the scale of the task of writing or translating
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Perullo, Alex (2007). "" Here's a Little
Something Local": An Early History of Hip Hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1984-1997". In Brennan, James R (ed.).
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while females dance. Styles differ significantly between MC genders. Male MCs usually perform in fast paced rap, while female MCs usually perform kwaya.
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In July 2019, the Olduvai Gorge Monument was erected at the turnoff to Olduvai Gorge from the road which connects Ngorongoro Conservation Area and
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is constantly undergoing changes, and varies by location, people, settings and occasion. The five music genres in Tanzania, as defined by
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2015:
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pharmacist, chemical analyst and mining engineer Bernhard Wilhelm Sattler, on his way to a mine south of the Mbemkure River in former
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established excavation and research programs at Olduvai Gorge that achieved great advances in human knowledge and are world-renowned.
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announced the discovery of ancient rock art with anthropomorphic figures in a good condition at the Amak'hee 4 rockshelter site in
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The territory of Tanzania is home to some of the world's important archaeological excavations and their scientific interpretation:
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Tanzania's cartoons have a history that can be traced back to the work of pioneering artists, such as Christian Gregory with his
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Since a large community of Indians have migrated into Tanzania, a considerable proportion of the cuisine has been influenced by
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region. It includes artists from traditional music, such as Dionys Mbilinyi, Sabinus Komba, and many others, to new artists in
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in uswahilini Following airtime on radio waves, bongo flava spread throughout the country, and the rest of the Great Lakes.
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localities in the world; the many sites exposed by the gorge have proven invaluable in furthering understanding of early
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Mwakisinini Felix is a music artist who contributed a lot to church music as a composer, trainer, and choral conductor.
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From independence until 1993, all recording and distribution of music was strictly managed by BASATA, primarily through
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2614:"Hip-Hop and Bongo Flavour Music in Contemporary Tanzania: Youths' Experiences, Agency, Aspirations and Contradictions"
1074:, whereas the later bongo flava's dominant influences are taarab and dansi. Three recent influences on bongo flava are
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Grohs, Elisabeth (1995). "Tanzania oder die längst fällige Aufwertung der künstlerischen Tradition dieses Landes".
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or canvas. Usually, the motifs are animals and flowers in colorful and repetitive design. The style was started by
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Lyana, Manimbulu, Ally, Nlooto (2014). "Culture and Food Habits in Tanzania and Democratic Republic of Congo".
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1945:"Mysterious and bizarre: scientists discovered ancient rock art that dates back to several hundred years ago"
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Although the many non-official languages in Tanzania are not actively suppressed, they do not enjoy the same
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leaves). Tanzania grows at least 17 different types of bananas which are used for soup, stew, and chips.
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in the Uhuru newspaper back in the 1970s and 1980s, and Philip Ndunguru in the early 1980s. Outspokenly
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2549:"From the margins to the mainstream: making and remaking an alternative music economy in Dar es Salaam"
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Njogu, Kimani; Maupeu, Herv (2007). "Music and Politics in Tanzania: a case study of Nyota-wa-Cigogo".
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in Tanzania in the 1960s, Cory donated a large number of these figurines at the end of his life to the
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Regions in Tanzania's mainland consume different foods. Some typical mainland Tanzanian foods include
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1921:"Tanzanian Rock Art Depicts Trios of Bizarre Anthropomorphic Figures | Archaeology | Sci-News.com"
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lyrics were written for this anthem. - Another patriotic song, going back to colonial times, is
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1413:. Some of these figurines were published in 1994 in the catalogue for the German exhibition
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A host of devils : the history and context of the making of Makonde spirit sculpture
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are the two official languages of Tanzania. However, Swahili is the national language.
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Tanzania : Meisterwerke afrikanischer Skulptur = sanaa za mabingwa wa Kiafrika
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Georges Meurant, Ton- und Holzskulpturen aus Nordost-Tansania. In Jens Jahn (ed.)
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3043:, vol. 28, no. 3, UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center, 1995, pp. 89–90,
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The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
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East African Development and Communication Foundation; Art in Tanzania (1999).
2318:"'This cuts across society': how singeli music went from Tanzania to the world"
36:
1970:"Amak'hee 4: a newly documented rock art site in the Swaga Swaga Game Reserve"
1703:
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2675:"Hooligans and heroes: Youth identity and hip-hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"
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in different ethnic groups. He published these in his works, most notably in
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added in 2001. Singeli has since the mid- 2000's been an unofficial music of
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Tanzanian cuisine varies by geographical region. Along the coastal regions (
1386:
1269:
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552:
535:. The formation has provided a wealth of fossils of different groups; early
3030:. München: Fred Jahn, 1994, pp. 154-166. (in German) ISBN 978-3-88645-118-0
1684:) which is mostly eaten as a stew or prepared into traditional stew called
1347:
has really taken off in Tanzania. At the present date, there are dozens of
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A total of 130 languages are spoken in Tanzania; most of them are from the
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The Tendaguru Beds as a fossil deposit were first discovered in 1906, when
1989:
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is a composer, ethnomusicologist, church organist, and choral conductor.
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495:, in partnership with the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA).
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Cultured States: Youth, Gender, and Modern Style in 1960s Dar Es Salaam
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Bongo flava is Tanzanian pop music originating in the early 2000s from
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African Figurines: Their Ceremonial Use in Puberty Rites in Tanganyika
2222:
Performing the Nation: Swahili Music and Cultural Politics in Tanzania
1399:
African figurines: their ceremonial use in puberty rites in Tanganyika
1284:, was a Makonde from Tanzania. Contemporary Tanzanian artists include
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2824:. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Services. 2000. p. 3.
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2150:(Act). Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania. June 11, 1994.
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Live from Dar es Salaam: Popular Music and Tanzania's Music Economy
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In 1998, an illustrated book in Swahili, whose title translates as
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of Tanzanian paintings, which are painted with enamel paints on
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National Anthem of Tanzania performed by United States Navy Band
666:. Many students leave school after finishing primary education.
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432:, it is about 48 km (30 mi) long, and is located in the eastern
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1401:. According to German ethnologist Elisabeth Grohs, who studied
613:, although their present religion does not contain elements of
1417:, accompanied by art historical essays in German and Swahili.
571:, Germany, during excavations in the early twentieth century.
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2100:
Dar es Salaam. Histories from an Emerging African Metropolis
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for primary schools was already considerable. As a result,
2770:"United States Navy Ceremonial Music and National Anthems"
1847:. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
3228:
2475:
Performance and Politics in Tanzania: The Nation on Stage
1597:), spicy foods are common, and there is also much use of
1449:
is very popular throughout the country. The most popular
1173:'s official song and later became the national anthem of
1370:
different ethnic traditions are the Makonde carvings of
715:, Said Ahmed Mohammed Khamis, Mohamed Suleiman Mohamed,
1165:(God Bless Africa), composed by South African composer
2841:. Dar es Salaam: Michel Lanfrey, East African Movies.
1897:
African Dinosaurs Unearthed. The Tendaguru Expeditions
1871:
African Dinosaurs Unearthed. The Tendaguru Expeditions
1845:
African Dinosaurs Unearthed. The Tendaguru Expeditions
1833:
and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81
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Edmondson, Laura (2007). McNaughton, Patrick (ed.).
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Some breakfast foods typically seen in Tanzania are
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1465:is the governing body for football in the country.
3224:www.tingatinga.info - Information about Tingatinga
2911:(in German and Swahili). München: Verlag F. Jahn.
2400:A theatrical description of five Tanzanian dances
1043:, and is the newest mainstream genre since 2020.
364:(1964), leading to the formation of the state of
2311:
2309:
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743:and British nobel laureate of Zanzibari origin
703:(considered the father of Swahili literature),
3028:Tanzania – Meisterwerke afrikanischer Skulptur
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3261:
2957:Cory, Hans (1961). "Sumbwa Birth Figurines".
2010:
2008:
1676:Vegetables commonly used in Tanzania include
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707:, Muhammed Saley Farsy, Faraji Katalambulla,
597:In February 2021, Polish archaeologists from
337:
8:
3205:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3124:. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 53–.
3059:
3057:
1415:Tanzania - Masterpieces of African Sculpture
1374:shetani figures, made out of extremely hard
1177:. The melody is also the national anthem of
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2892:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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17:
2740:"Saleh J – Tanzanian Swahili rap pioneer"
1988:
1899:. Indiana University Press. p. 304.
1518:Traditional Tanzanian food consisting of
654:, the colonial language since the end of
360:independence (1961) and unification with
2807:, SAHistory.org.za, accessdate 2020-1-22
2065:
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1983:(379). Cambridge University Press: 1–9.
1385:From the 1930s to 1950s, anthropologist
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1659:(rice mixed with a variety of spices),
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673:as Swahili and English. Some also face
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3097:. New Holland Publishers. p. 96.
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1149:
452:, about 45 kilometres (28 miles) from
3707:Natural resource and waste management
2354:The Garland Handbook of African Music
2316:Hutchinson, Kate (17 December 2018).
7:
2425:Songs and Politics in Eastern Africa
1925:Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com
1554:Barbecued beef cubes and seafood in
1336:were created on a more recent date.
2554:Journal of African Cultural Studies
2145:THE BROADCASTING SERVICES ACT, 1993
569:Museum of Natural History in Berlin
3070:. Gareth Stevens Pub. p. 36.
2750:from the original on 21 April 2021
14:
2780:from the original on 7 April 2022
2593:from the original on 22 June 2022
2519:Mahenge, Elizabeth (2022-04-16).
2500:from the original on 22 June 2022
2450:from the original on 22 June 2022
2379:from the original on 22 June 2022
2247:from the original on 22 June 2022
1264:is the name applied to a popular
1159:The Tanzanian national anthem is
883:Nationalistic and patriotic songs
374:emphasised a need to construct a
4151:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3921:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3241:Information about George Lilanga
2719:from the original on 9 June 2022
2654:from the original on 2 June 2022
2294:from the original on 5 June 2022
2200:from the original on 5 June 2022
2125:from the original on 5 June 2022
2043:. Tanzania.go.tz. Archived from
2018:. Ethnologue.com. Archived from
2016:"Ethnologue report for Tanzania"
1750:Tanzanian snack foods include vi
1150:Problems playing this file? See
1128:
1007:As in other countries, music in
776:
311:
35:
2365:. pp. 14, 46–50, 136–137.
2073:Culture and Customs of Tanzania
1339:In the past decade, the art of
681:that is not spoken any longer.
3185:10.1080/09709274.2014.11906770
1731:(fried doughnut), chai (tea),
1637:(skewers of marinated grilled
1522:(seasoned rice with chicken),
424:. A steep-sided ravine in the
1:
2571:10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776
2434:Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Ltd
2109:Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Ltd
1468:Other popular sports include
1411:Dar es Salaam National Museum
416:is one of the most important
2632:10.1080/00020184.2011.628800
2526:Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam
2351:Stone, Ruth M., ed. (2008).
1874:. Indiana University Press.
1463:Tanzania Football Federation
763:Radio Tanzania Dar es Salaam
438:Ngorongoro Conservation Area
160:
3732:Water supply and sanitation
2404:University of Dar es Salaam
2231:University of Chicago Press
2041:"Tanzania National Website"
1451:professional football clubs
1124:National Anthem of Tanzania
1039:, unplanned communities in
850:Tanzania Music Awards (TMA)
658:, is still the language of
4271:
3064:Wairagala, Wakabi (2004).
2547:Kerr, David (2018-01-02).
2398:Kaduma, Godwin Z. (1978).
1968:Grzelczyk, Maciej (2021).
1495:
1424:
1405:ceremonies and the use of
1389:collected about 1000 clay
1362:
1249:
1078:in the 2010's, as well as
992:
754:
688:
624:
524:is considered the richest
509:
405:
3782:
3632:
3563:
3456:
3390:
3368:
3091:Skinner, Annabel (2005).
2860:Kingdon, Zachary (2002).
2402:(Thesis). Dar es Salaam:
2155:27 September 2020 at the
1453:in Dar es Salaam are the
1353:http://www.worldcomics.fi
1252:List of Tanzanian artists
1169:in 1897. The tune is the
493:John Templeton Foundation
3906:Central African Republic
3774:House of Representatives
3173:Journal of Human Ecology
2738:Nne, Juma (2001-10-01).
2689:Indiana University Press
2484:Indiana University Press
2184:Indiana University Press
1812:List of African cuisines
1778:(Zanzibari rice bread),
603:Swaga Swaga Game Reserve
3118:Pritchett, Bev (2007).
3094:Tanzania & Zanzibar
2803:4 November 2013 at the
2798:Enoch Mankayti Sontonga
2774:United States Navy Band
2612:Suriano, Maria (2011).
2430:Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
2266:Ivaska, Andrew (2011).
2233:. pp. 27–67, 276.
2070:Otiso, Kefa M. (2013).
1895:Maier, Gerhard (2003).
1843:Maier, Gerhard (2003).
1274:Edward Saidi Tingatinga
599:Jagiellonian University
469:Serengeti National Park
3712:Persecution of Albinos
3375:
3312:East African Campaign
3229:Website of John Kilaka
2673:Perullo, Alex (2005).
2168:Perullo, Alex (2011).
1868:Gerhard Maier (2003).
1574:
1562:
1547:
1511:
1443:
1247:
1110:
1089:beats per minute (BPM)
1060:muziki wa kizazi kipya
1004:
587:Dinosaurs of Tendaguru
428:that stretches across
73:East African Campaign
4066:São Tomé and Príncipe
3926:Republic of the Congo
3374:
3330:Sultanate of Zanzibar
2278:Duke University Press
2219:Askew, Kelly (2002).
1990:10.15184/aqy.2020.246
1568:
1553:
1517:
1510:Lemon and ginger tea.
1509:
1434:
1241:
1109:
1003:Tanzanian Ngoma group
1002:
833:Media and performance
729:May Materru Balisidya
713:Muhammed Said Abdalla
627:Languages of Tanzania
506:Tendaguru excavations
91:Sultanate of Zanzibar
3335:Zanzibar slave trade
3121:Tanzania in Pictures
2946:. Faber & Faber.
2697:10.1353/at.2005.0045
2436:. pp. 241–246.
2111:. pp. 250–272.
1807:Religion in Tanzania
1786:(rice patties), and
1162:Mungu Ibariki Africa
1117:Mungu ibariki Afrika
900:Mungu ibariki Afrika
691:Tanzanian literature
615:anthropomorphization
500:Olduvai Gorge Museum
418:paleoanthropological
268:Stone Town Buildings
263:World Heritage Sites
96:Zanzibar slave trade
4255:Culture of Tanzania
4141:States with limited
3357:Uganda–Tanzania War
3342:Zanzibar Revolution
3307:Maji Maji Rebellion
2940:Cory, Hans (1956).
2907:Jahn, Jens (1994).
1696:amaranthus tricolor
1455:Young Africans F.C.
1330:Chakubanga cartoons
1199:African Great Lakes
717:Euphrase Kezilahabi
675:language extinction
593:Rock art formations
518:Tendaguru Formation
512:Tendaguru Formation
489:Stone Age Institute
481:Paranthropus boisei
446:Ngorongoro District
318:Tanzania portal
118:Uganda–Tanzania War
103:Zanzibar Revolution
68:Maji Maji Rebellion
30:Culture of Tanzania
3852:Culture of Africa
3687:List of Tanzanians
3601:Telecommunications
3376:
3347:Arusha Declaration
3302:German East Africa
3234:2012-06-24 at the
2727:– via JSTOR.
2619:Africa Development
1575:
1573:dinner in Tanzania
1563:
1548:
1512:
1444:
1334:political cartoons
1248:
1187:Tanzania, Tanzania
1111:
1005:
580:German East Africa
108:Arusha Declaration
63:German East Africa
4242:
4241:
4168:other territories
3941:Equatorial Guinea
3818:
3817:
3740:
3739:
3619:
3618:
3550:
3549:
3513:Political parties
3488:Foreign relations
3443:
3442:
3362:COVID-19 pandemic
3131:978-0-8225-8571-8
3104:978-1-86011-216-4
3077:978-0-8368-3119-1
2871:978-1-136-47666-2
2744:Africanhiphop.com
2493:978-0-253-11705-2
2443:978-9987-08-108-0
2287:978-0-8223-4770-5
2240:978-0-226-02981-8
2193:978-0-253-00150-4
2118:978-9987-08-107-3
2105:British Institute
2083:978-0-313-08708-0
1881:978-0-253-00054-5
1776:mkate wa kumimina
1556:Forodhani Gardens
1502:Zanzibari cuisine
1427:Sport in Tanzania
1137:
995:Music of Tanzania
991:
990:
907:
906:
878:
877:
786:Music of Tanzania
757:Media of Tanzania
745:Abdulrazak Gurnah
721:Gabriel Ruhumbika
671:linguistic rights
426:Great Rift Valley
376:national identity
354:
353:
166:Zanzibari cuisine
123:COVID-19 pandemic
4262:
4229:
4228:(United Kingdom)
4224:Tristan da Cunha
4220:Ascension Island
4212:
4199:
4190:
4166:Dependencies and
3859:Sovereign states
3845:
3838:
3831:
3822:
3798:
3791:
3630:
3586:
3561:
3454:
3388:
3315:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3247:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3196:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3061:
3052:
3039:Pelrine, Diane.
3037:
3031:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3000:(4/6): 567–574.
2989:
2983:
2982:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2883:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2814:
2808:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2626:(3–4): 113–126.
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2419:
2408:
2407:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2313:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2165:
2159:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2067:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1992:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1840:
1834:
1831:Pierre Englebert
1828:
1758:(coconut bars),
1542:(flatbread) and
1526:(grilled meat),
1436:National Stadium
1395:initiation rites
1314:Godfrey Semwaiko
1139:
1138:
1108:
983:
976:
969:
889:
839:
780:
779:
773:
737:Amandina Lihamba
705:Aniceti Kitereza
679:Kw'adza language
444:ward located in
434:Serengeti Plains
346:
339:
332:
316:
315:
314:
76:
39:
18:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4227:
4210:
4197:
4188:
4169:
4167:
4160:
4144:
4142:
4135:
3854:
3849:
3819:
3814:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3778:
3736:
3717:Public holidays
3615:
3584:
3546:
3439:
3377:
3366:
3313:
3283:
3274:
3236:Wayback Machine
3220:
3215:
3214:
3197:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3150:Tanzania Sports
3144:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3049:10.2307/3337281
3038:
3034:
3025:
3021:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2971:10.2307/2844469
2956:
2955:
2951:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2919:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2884:
2872:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2838:Art in Tanzania
2834:
2833:
2829:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2805:Wayback Machine
2796:
2792:
2783:
2781:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2494:
2480:Bloomington, IN
2471:
2470:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2444:
2421:
2420:
2411:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2373:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2328:Kampala, Uganda
2315:
2314:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2288:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2241:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2194:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2157:Wayback Machine
2147:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2119:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2006:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1803:
1504:
1498:African cuisine
1494:
1429:
1423:
1367:
1361:
1326:
1318:Evarist Chikawe
1259:
1254:
1236:
1195:
1181:. In Tanzania,
1157:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1099:National anthem
997:
987:
892:National anthem
866:Sauti za Busara
858:Music festivals
777:
771:
759:
753:
741:Penina O. Mlama
725:Ebrahim Hussein
709:Adam Shafi Adam
693:
687:
629:
623:
595:
514:
508:
422:human evolution
410:
404:
396:
394:Natural history
388:local languages
350:
312:
310:
303:
302:
298:National anthem
283:
282:
273:
272:
258:
257:
241:
240:
226:
225:
193:
192:
183:
182:
171:
170:
156:
155:
130:
129:
128:
127:
74:
51:
50:
12:
11:
5:
4268:
4266:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:Western Sahara
4230:
4213:
4200:
4191:
4177:Canary Islands
4173:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3800:
3799:
3792:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3591:Stock Exchange
3588:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3535:Prime Minister
3532:
3530:Vice President
3527:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3415:National Parks
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3226:
3219:
3218:External links
3216:
3213:
3212:
3163:
3152:. October 2011
3137:
3130:
3110:
3103:
3083:
3076:
3053:
3032:
3019:
2984:
2949:
2932:
2917:
2899:
2870:
2852:
2827:
2809:
2790:
2761:
2730:
2665:
2604:
2536:
2529:(in Swahili).
2511:
2492:
2461:
2442:
2409:
2390:
2371:
2340:
2305:
2286:
2280:. p. 78.
2258:
2239:
2211:
2192:
2160:
2136:
2117:
2089:
2082:
2057:
2032:
2004:
1960:
1936:
1912:
1905:
1887:
1880:
1860:
1853:
1835:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1795:Indian cuisine
1538:(vegetables),
1493:
1490:
1425:Main article:
1422:
1419:
1360:
1357:
1325:
1322:
1320:, and others.
1282:George Lilanga
1258:
1255:
1235:
1232:
1194:
1193:Music industry
1191:
1167:Enoch Sontonga
1147:
1141:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1097:
993:Main article:
989:
988:
986:
985:
978:
971:
963:
960:
959:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
914:
913:
912:Regional music
909:
908:
905:
904:
903:
902:
894:
893:
885:
884:
880:
879:
876:
875:
874:
873:
871:Asili Festival
868:
860:
859:
855:
854:
853:
852:
844:
843:
835:
834:
830:
829:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
794:
793:
789:
788:
782:
781:
770:
767:
755:Main article:
752:
749:
701:Shaaban Robert
689:Main article:
686:
683:
677:, such as the
625:Main article:
622:
619:
617:of buffaloes.
611:Sandawe people
594:
591:
549:crocodyliforms
510:Main article:
507:
504:
406:Main article:
403:
400:
395:
392:
382:With over 130
372:Julius Nyerere
352:
351:
349:
348:
341:
334:
326:
323:
322:
321:
320:
305:
304:
301:
300:
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227:
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220:
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209:
208:
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184:
178:
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139:
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54:
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52:
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40:
32:
31:
27:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4267:
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4253:
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4225:
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4208:
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4192:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
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4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3981:Guinea-Bissau
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
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3914:
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3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
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3884:
3882:
3879:
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3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
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3857:
3853:
3846:
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3834:
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3827:
3826:
3823:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3797:
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3786:
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3700:
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3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Ethnic groups
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3628:
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3622:
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3408:
3406:
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3398:
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3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3314:(World War I)
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
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3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3208:
3202:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3164:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3087:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2996:(in German).
2995:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2918:3-88645-118-6
2914:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2799:
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2779:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2676:
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2653:
2649:
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2641:
2637:
2633:
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2625:
2621:
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2615:
2608:
2605:
2592:
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2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2515:
2512:
2499:
2495:
2489:
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2481:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2449:
2445:
2439:
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2427:
2426:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2378:
2374:
2372:9781135900014
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2259:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2212:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2176:United States
2173:
2172:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2047:on 2001-04-17
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2022:on 2012-01-11
2021:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1673:with meat).
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:Dar es Salaam
1572:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1440:Dar es Salaam
1437:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:Thobias Minzi
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:Haji Chilonga
1287:
1286:David Mzuguno
1283:
1279:
1278:Dar es Salaam
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1125:
1118:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1041:Dar es Salaam
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1001:
996:
984:
979:
977:
972:
970:
965:
964:
962:
961:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
915:
910:
901:
898:
897:
896:
895:
890:
887:
886:
881:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
862:
861:
856:
851:
848:
847:
846:
845:
840:
837:
836:
831:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
796:
795:
790:
787:
784:
783:
775:
774:
768:
766:
764:
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750:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
692:
684:
682:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
628:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
607:Dodoma Region
605:in northwest
604:
600:
592:
590:
588:
583:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
561:invertebrates
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:mammaliaforms
534:
530:
527:
526:Late Jurassic
523:
520:northwest of
519:
513:
505:
503:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:Nicholas Toth
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Arusha Region
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:Olduvai Gorge
409:
408:Olduvai Gorge
402:Olduvai Gorge
401:
399:
393:
391:
389:
385:
384:ethnic groups
380:
377:
373:
369:
368:
363:
359:
347:
342:
340:
335:
333:
328:
327:
325:
324:
319:
309:
308:
307:
306:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
277:
276:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
252:
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248:
244:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
224:
218:
217:
214:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
189:
186:
185:
181:
175:
174:
167:
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162:
159:
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148:
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144:
140:
137:
133:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
75:(World War I)
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
49:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
4216:Saint Helena
4187:
4105:
4091:South Africa
4081:Sierra Leone
3886:Burkina Faso
3652:Demographics
3646:
3573:Central bank
3493:Human rights
3466:Constitution
3320:British rule
3201:cite journal
3176:
3172:
3166:
3154:. Retrieved
3149:
3140:
3120:
3113:
3093:
3086:
3066:
3041:African Arts
3040:
3035:
3027:
3022:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2965:(1): 67–76.
2962:
2958:
2952:
2942:
2935:
2908:
2902:
2861:
2855:
2837:
2830:
2819:
2812:
2793:
2782:. Retrieved
2773:
2764:
2752:. Retrieved
2743:
2733:
2721:. Retrieved
2684:
2680:Africa Today
2678:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2623:
2617:
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2558:
2552:
2530:
2524:
2514:
2502:. Retrieved
2474:
2452:. Retrieved
2424:
2399:
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2353:
2331:. Retrieved
2323:The Guardian
2321:
2296:. Retrieved
2268:
2261:
2249:. Retrieved
2221:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2170:
2163:
2139:
2127:. Retrieved
2099:
2092:
2076:. ABC-CLIO.
2072:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:the original
2035:
2024:. Retrieved
2020:the original
1980:
1976:
1963:
1952:. Retrieved
1948:
1939:
1928:. Retrieved
1924:
1915:
1896:
1890:
1870:
1863:
1844:
1838:
1826:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1744:chipsi mayai
1742:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1599:coconut milk
1576:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1530:(plantain),
1527:
1523:
1519:
1467:
1445:
1414:
1398:
1384:
1379:
1368:
1338:
1329:
1327:
1306:Robino Ntila
1260:
1229:
1223:
1196:
1175:South Africa
1160:
1158:
1093:
1084:South Africa
1059:
1057:
1045:
1036:
1006:
842:Music awards
760:
733:Fadhy Mtanga
698:
694:
668:
664:universities
660:high schools
645:
630:
596:
584:
573:
515:
497:
485:Homo habilis
484:
480:
477:Kathy Schick
466:
462:Louis Leakey
411:
397:
381:
370:, President
365:
358:Tanganyika's
355:
293:Coat of arms
161:Main Cuisine
81:British rule
15:
4143:recognition
4096:South Sudan
3986:Ivory Coast
3769:Archipelago
3568:Agriculture
3497:LGBT rights
1949:www.msn.com
1737:(a kind of
1667:ndizi-nyama
1627:nyama choma
1546:(hot sauce)
1365:Makonde art
1349:cartoonists
1310:John Kilaka
1298:Max Kamundi
1294:Salum Kambi
1225:Imani Sanga
1033:bongo flava
800:Bongo flava
656:World War I
436:within the
430:East Africa
4198:(Portugal)
4156:Somaliland
4076:Seychelles
4041:Mozambique
4026:Mauritania
4011:Madagascar
3966:The Gambia
3901:Cape Verde
3692:Literature
3672:Healthcare
3585:(currency)
3508:Parliament
3477:High Court
3471:Corruption
3325:Tanganyika
2864:. London.
2820:Millennium
2784:2022-06-03
2691:: 75–101.
2274:Durham, NC
2051:2012-01-28
2026:2012-01-28
1954:2021-02-16
1930:2021-02-16
1906:0253342147
1854:0253342147
1818:References
1739:flat bread
1704:green peas
1649:, usually
1520:pilau kuku
1496:See also:
1478:volleyball
1476:, boxing,
1470:basketball
1459:Simba S.C.
1372:surrealist
1363:See also:
1262:Tingatinga
1250:See also:
1244:Tingatinga
1152:media help
1037:uswahilini
950:Mozambique
685:Literature
553:amphibians
539:, several
356:Following
231:Television
206:Literature
86:Tanganyika
4031:Mauritius
3682:Languages
3657:Education
3611:Transport
3583:Shilling
3578:Companies
3518:President
3483:Elections
3430:Volcanoes
3400:Districts
3383:Geography
3156:5 January
3006:0257-9774
2994:Anthropos
2888:cite book
2880:863157643
2713:144975952
2648:163049425
2640:0850-3907
2587:146229942
2579:1369-6815
2565:: 65-80.
2563:Routledge
2363:Routledge
1999:231891881
1977:Antiquity
1671:plantains
1629:(grilled
1544:pili pili
1534:(beans),
1482:athletics
1407:figurines
1393:used for
1391:figurines
1387:Hans Cory
1359:Sculpture
1270:hardboard
1052:Kiswahili
1046:Ngoma, a
648:textbooks
621:Languages
545:dinosaurs
256:Monuments
188:Saba Saba
180:Festivals
143:Languages
4249:Category
4222: /
4218: /
4211:(France)
4205: /
4183: /
4179: /
4131:Zimbabwe
4106:Tanzania
3956:Ethiopia
3951:Eswatini
3931:Djibouti
3896:Cameroon
3881:Botswana
3805:Category
3746:Zanzibar
3722:Religion
3677:HIV/AIDS
3596:Taxation
3503:Military
3475:Courts (
3449:Politics
3435:Wildlife
3297:Timeline
3281:articles
3277:Tanzania
3232:Archived
3193:42910567
3179:: 9–21.
3067:Tanzania
3014:40463202
2927:30557893
2847:50326689
2801:Archived
2778:Archived
2776:. 1967.
2748:Archived
2717:Archived
2652:Archived
2591:Archived
2498:Archived
2448:Archived
2377:Archived
2359:New York
2292:Archived
2245:Archived
2198:Archived
2153:Archived
2123:Archived
1801:See also
1784:vitumbua
1728:maandazi
1708:maharage
1662:biriyani
1635:mishkaki
1623:porridge
1591:Zanzibar
1587:Bagamoyo
1560:Zanzibar
1532:maharage
1524:mishkaki
1447:Football
1382:) wood.
1341:cartoons
1324:Cartoons
1257:Painting
1246:painting
1080:amapiano
1009:Tanzania
920:DR Congo
635:family.
491:and the
442:Olbalbal
367:Tanzania
362:Zanzibar
199:Religion
58:Timeline
23:a series
21:Part of
4207:Réunion
4203:Mayotte
4194:Madeira
4189:(Spain)
4185:Melilla
4116:Tunisia
4086:Somalia
4071:Senegal
4056:Nigeria
4046:Namibia
4036:Morocco
4001:Liberia
3996:Lesotho
3946:Eritrea
3916:Comoros
3891:Burundi
3866:Algeria
3789:Outline
3754:History
3647:Culture
3637:Cuisine
3625:Society
3606:Tourism
3556:Economy
3461:Cabinet
3420:Regions
3405:Islands
3289:History
2979:2844469
2705:4187688
2333:26 June
2227:Chicago
2180:Indiana
1768:sambusa
1756:kashata
1734:chapati
1720:cassava
1716:kisamvu
1714:), and
1700:njegere
1691:mchicha
1651:tilapia
1571:Ramadan
1540:chapati
1492:Cuisine
1474:netball
1403:puberty
1380:mapingo
1203:R&B
1183:Swahili
1076:Afropop
1072:hip hop
1031:, with
940:Burundi
805:Singeli
652:English
641:English
637:Swahili
454:Laetoli
440:in the
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