109:
361:. Their study found that concrete reinforced with Curran could be made with lower quantities of cement, thereby significantly reducing carbon emissions associated with cement production. Curran also made concrete more resistant to corrosion over time, as it increased the density of its microstructure. As of 2019, the Lancaster University research team, led by Mohamed Saafi, planned to conduct trials of Curran-enforced concrete in the United Kingdom by the end of 2020. The European Union's
122:
Root vegetables were selected over wood or cotton, which are more widely used in the production of nanofibres, because root vegetables grow faster and are easier to process. During early development, Whale and
Hepworth's team bought large quantities of carrots from local grocery stores, finding them
304:
properties of liquids such as plastics and paints. This increases the quality of paints, and can also prevent cracking. Curran is more ecologically friendly than many other alternatives used in paint manufacturing because of the lower energy costs involved in its production. However, it does not
317:
made out of Curran. The rod, marketed as Carrot Stix, was bright orange colored. Carrot Stix were made out of 70% Curran wrapped around a thin carbon core. It was noted to be strong and significantly lighter than solely carbon-based rods. The rods were a commercial success, selling over 500,000
318:
units. It won "Best
Freshwater Rod" and "Best of Show" at the 2007 International Convention of Allied Sportfishing Trades. Cellucomp also marketed a similar brand of rods called Just Cast in the United Kingdom. After introducing Carrot Stix, they planned to produce
172:
Cellucomp began producing Curran fibres for paint manufacturers in 2013 and moved to a new production facility that allowed them to increase production from 15 to 50 tons annually. In 2015, a new
Cellucomp facility was unveiled in
264:. Curran has a 5% strain to failure, and greater stiffness than glass composites. Because of its composition, it increases both the strength and viscosity of the products it is added to. The material is also
166:
162:
142:, as their source of cellulose. Beet pulp was even more widely available than carrots due to the scale of the global sugar industry. The process can also be applied to other root vegetables, such as
234:
polymer-based Curran composites are strong and mouldable. Curran is sold in the form of a powder, granule or slurry for different applications and is typically sold in quantities of 15 kilograms.
127:
full of carrots at a time, until their local stores could no longer keep up with the volume required and refused to sell them more carrots. After this, the scientists switched to purchasing
210:
of nanocellulose particles. The excess water is removed from the slurry, and the nanocellulose fibre is extracted. Whale described the processed fibres as being similar in consistency to
237:
Unlike other methods of separating cellulose fibres from root vegetable pulp, Curran production does not require fossil fuel-based chemicals. Manufacturing Curran also does not produce
187:
By 2015, Cellucomp had received £1 million in grants from the
Scottish government, including Scottish Enterprise. The company's growth was part of larger efforts to expand Scotland's
169:(EMPA). The EMPA researchers applied a multi-perspective application selection (MPAS) method to determine whether Curran could be efficiently produced and marketed on a large scale.
856:
333:
were particularly likely applications for Curran due to the need for materials used in their construction to be lightweight and strong, and advised more development in this area.
1080:
Liu, Ming; Hoffmann, Katrin Greta; Geiger, Thomas; Nyström, Gustav (2022). "Production of microfibrillated cellulose fibers and their application in polymeric composites".
1295:
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sector, per the country's
National Plan for Industrial Biotechnology. The company also received £3 million of funding from private investors such as Claridge, Inc. and
260:
composites. Its composition is around 80% root vegetable fibre and 20% oil. Its cellulose content is approximately 20%. Curran composites have a tensile strength of 5
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composites. It has numerous industrial and technological applications, especially for the production of paints and sporting equipment.
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The material was developed by
Scottish material scientists David Hepworth and Eric Whale, who met while studying for their
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184:. The facility was reported to produce 400 tons of Curran per year, with plans to expand to 2000 tons per year.
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346:
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1146:
Smith, Rebecca (2017). "Sustainable Supply Chains: Utilisation of Whole Crops for New
Product Development".
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significantly impact the sustainability of paint since it makes up a small percentage of total ingredients.
83:. They began researching carrot-derived cellulose fibres in 2002. In 2004, they founded Cellucomp, Ltd. in
385:
partnered to produce sustainable paper-based food packaging based on Curran as an alternative to plastic.
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1296:"Super Strong Concrete Naturally: Calcite-Precipitating Bacteria, Mushrooms … Now Carrots & Beets?"
1430:"Faster Than a Speeding Carrot: A Racing Car Made Entirely from Recyclables and Vegetable By-Products"
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As of 2019, the company had plans to begin building a €22.6 million commercial scale facility.
33:. It was developed by Scottish scientists David Hepworth and Eric Whale, with funding from the
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In 2007, Cellucomp partnered with the
American sports equipment company E21 to produce a
292:. Its strength means that it has applications for use in automobile and aerospace parts.
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768:"From By-Product to Biorefinery: Case Study on Success of CelluComp - Innovate UK KTN"
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During the production of Curran, vegetables are mechanically broken down to create a
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The effects of hydrogen peroxide and bleach on cellulose in oxidised sugar beet pulp
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engineered the vehicle. It was test driven by professional driver Aaron Steele at
365:
programme awarded £195,000 in funding to Saafi's team to continue their research.
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1039:
Cellulose
Nanocrystals: An Emerging Nanocellulose for Numerous Chemical Processes
397:
automobile made entirely out of recycled and renewable materials. Researchers at
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In 2009, Curran was used to create part of the steering wheel of
Worldfirst, a
1392:"DTI and Cellucomp introduce packaging material produced from sugar beet pulp"
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particles, with properties similar to both carbon fibre-based composites and
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word for "carrot". The material was developed as a potential substitute for
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a cheap and convenient source of cellulose. They would typically buy four
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37:. The sources of root vegetable pulp used to manufacture Curran include
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575:"Cellulose Nano-Fiber from Carrots is Twice as Strong as Carbon Fiber"
1223:"A Surprising Carbon Fiber Alternative: Nanofibers Made from Carrots"
215:
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602:"Sugar beet waste product could be billion dollar 'wonder material'"
280:
and as a reinforcing additive in construction, paints and coatings,
1121:
Donohoe, Christian; Fry, Stephen C.; Whale, Eric (September 2022).
91:. They hoped to develop a composite that could be a substitute for
1411:"Fibre From Sugar Beet Is a Key Ingredient in New Paper Packaging"
219:
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Silva, F. A.; Dourado, F.; Gama, M.; Poças, F. (October 2020).
214:. The fibres are then further processed by combining them with
167:
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
163:
Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
1417:(Press release). Danish Technological Institute. 29 July 2022.
438:"The future is orange for hi-tech material made from carrots"
381:, including paper and cardboard. In 2022, Cellucomp and the
857:"Forget graphite, fiberglass fishing rods -- think carrots"
494:"The UK's latest 'wonder material' is made from sugar beet"
797:"Small-scale technology options for regional bioeconomies"
325:
EMPA's research found that out of possible applications,
1341:"Nanocellulose Bio-Based Composites for Food Packaging"
672:"Better analysis method saves time, effort...and money"
946:
Properties and Performance of Natural-Fibre Composites
644:"Carrot nanofibers to make snowboards and battleships"
1127:
9th IUPAC International Conference on Green Chemistry
874:
Grose, Thomas K. (April 2007). "Fishing's New Lure".
218:. Resins used to create Curran biocomposites include
131:
carrots not fit for consumers directly from farmers.
728:"Nyt vidunderprodukt skabt af rester fra sukkerroer"
1179:Crocker, J. (September 2008). "Natural materials".
157:Hepworth and Whale received grant funding from the
1390:
1042:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 62.
972:"Could Carrots Be the Carbon Fiber of the Future?"
460:
1036:Katiyar, Vimal; Dhar, Prodyut (12 October 2020).
87:with funding from the Scottish government agency
549:"New Space Age Material Made From... Carrots?"
621:"Could Your Next Car Be Made Out of Carrots?"
8:
1300:International Society for Concrete Pavements
1082:Nanotechnology in Paper and Wood Engineering
863:. Scripps Howard News Service. 22 July 2007.
1269:"Carrots could be key to stronger concrete"
1021:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
795:Colmorgen, Felix; Khawaja, Cosette (2019).
752:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
349:within the material. Research conducted at
1069:. Society of Chemical Industry. p. 7.
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373:Nanocellulose can be used to manufacture
276:The material has applications for use in
179:Minister for Youth and Women's Employment
165:which they used to hire researchers from
698:"CelluComp's bio-refinery opens in Fife"
527:"Coming Soon: Helmets Made From Carrots"
726:Kornum 8, Af René (30 September 2015).
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134:The development team later began using
16:Material made from nanocellulose fibers
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1320:Mehta, Angeli (16 September 2019).
1248:"Rods will be a carrot to the fish"
525:Hansman, Heather (24 August 2015).
415:Biotechnology in the United Kingdom
341:Curran has been used to strengthen
1090:10.1016/B978-0-323-85835-9.00003-9
357:concrete by combining Curran with
14:
389:Automotive and aerospace industry
943:Pickering, Kim (23 June 2008).
138:, an agricultural byproduct of
29:fibre derived from the pulp of
970:LeBlanc, Tyler (13 May 2014).
822:Lefteri, Chris (12 May 2014).
573:Markham, Derek (19 May 2014).
462:"Carrots top reel innovations"
383:Danish Technological Institute
1:
1454:Pool, Rebecca (1 June 2009).
1294:Dean, Amy M. (12 July 2018).
912:svendonoe (15 October 2015).
547:Clarke, Paul (29 June 2014).
1156:10.1007/978-3-319-65079-1_12
345:by increasing the amount of
1397:International Sugar Journal
1322:"Concrete's carbon problem"
1132:. Athens. pp. 171–172.
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239:volatile organic compounds
949:. Elsevier. p. 285.
619:Lo, Karen (15 May 2014).
113:Scottish Finance Minister
1201:10.1179/175355508X373378
1063:Walter, Patrick (2007).
914:"From waste to resource"
467:Las Vegas Review-Journal
375:biodegradeable packaging
347:calcium silicate hydrate
1415:Food Industry Executive
1066:Chemistry and Industry
830:. Quercus Publishing.
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399:University of Warwick
290:sustainable packaging
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81:University of Reading
63:and is often used in
1358:10.3390/nano10102041
1181:Materials Technology
1150:. pp. 271–286.
1084:. pp. 197–229.
828:Materials for Design
608:. 16 September 2015.
531:Smithsonian Magazine
351:Lancaster University
300:Curran improves the
49:. It is named after
1434:Scientific American
1193:2008MaTec..23..174C
498:www.telegraph.co.uk
296:Paints and coatings
278:composite materials
249:Curran is based on
89:Scottish Enterprise
35:Scottish Government
1254:. 8 February 2007.
444:. 9 February 2007.
327:motorcycle helmets
120:
101:means "carrot" in
1484:Cellucomp website
1165:978-3-319-65078-4
1099:978-0-323-85835-9
1049:978-3-11-064801-0
956:978-1-84569-459-3
837:978-1-78067-534-3
806:. pp. 14–15.
676:plasticstoday.com
125:shopping trolleys
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