1731:
245:
42:
3425:
3415:
820:
706:
788:
933:
489:
253:
1742:
People in
Northern England, West England, Ireland, and Scotland have long carved turnips and often use them as lanterns to ward off harmful spirits. In the Middle Ages, rowdy bands of children roamed the streets in masks carrying carved turnips known in Scotland as "tumshie heads". In modern times,
528:
was developed independently in
Finland and Sweden from turnip and cabbage in connection with seed cultivation. There are contradictory accounts of how rutabaga arrived in England. Some sources say it arrived in England from Germany, while other accounts support Swedish origins. According to
2476:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1758:(Manx equivalent of Halloween), lit with a candle or electric torch, and carried from house to house by some children, with the accompanying Hop tu Naa song; hoping for money or treats of food. The smell of burning turnip is an evocative part of the event.
1137:
In Canada, they are considered winter vegetables, as, along with similar vegetables, they can be kept in a cold area or cellar for several months. They are primarily used as a side dish. They are also used as filler in foods such as
1086:. Roughly equal quantities of neeps and tatties are boiled in salted water and mashed with butter. Seasoning can be augmented with black pepper. Onions are never used. Regionally, neeps are a common ingredient in soups and stews.
1031:
In
England, swede is boiled with carrots and mashed or pureed with butter and ground pepper. The flavoured cooking water is often retained for soup or as an addition to gravy. Swede is also a component of the popular condiment
2040:
977:
Finnish cuisine also roasts, bakes, boils, and grills rutabagas. Oven-baked root vegetables are another home-cooking classic in
Finland: rutabaga, carrots, beetroots, and potatoes are roasted in the oven with salt and oil.
1683:) find rutabaga twice as bitter as insensitive subjects (AVI/AVI). The difference for the mixed type (PAV/AVI) is insignificant for rutabaga. As a result, sensitive individuals may find some rutabagas too bitter to eat.
1812:
228:, fed directly in the winter or foraged in the field during the other seasons. Scotland, Northern and Western England, Wales, the Isle of Man, and Ireland had a tradition of carving the roots into
1604:
2050:
2986:
Baxter, I. A., Schröder, M. J. A., and Bower, J. A. (1999), "The influence of socio-economic background on perceptions of vegetables among
Scottish primary school children",
2454:
2364:
1686:
Other chemical compounds that contribute to flavour and odour include glucocheirolin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoberteroin, gluconapoleiferin, and glucoerysolin. Several
3012:
3621:
2899:
3035:
1771:
1754:
became readily available in Europe in the 1980s, they have taken over this role to a large extent. In the Isle of Man, turnip lanterns are still carved at
2748:
Pedras, M. S. C.; Montaut, S.; Suchy, M. (2004). "Phytoalexins from the crucifer rutabaga: structures, syntheses, biosyntheses, and antifungal activity".
2624:
Verkerk, R.; Schreiner, M.; Krumbein, A.; Ciska, E.; Holst, B.; Rowland, I.; De
Schrijver, R.; Hansen, M.; Gerhäuser, C.; Mithen, R.; Dekker, M. (2009).
2169:
806:
During the difficult days of World War II, rutabaga and rutabaga juice were an important part of the local diet, and were consumed in large quantities.
2334:
780:'mash pot', a dish often served alongside smoked sausage. Similar dishes are known in the Southern low countries, down to and including Brussels, as
3556:
1652:
may develop when there is a dietary imbalance of thiocyanate-containing food in excess of iodine consumption, and these compounds can contribute to
3569:
1997:
3121:
2853:
2810:
2488:
1158:
In New
Zealand, they are more commonly available in winter but can be easily purchased for much of the year. It is thought they best grow in
522:
was most likely bred on more than one occasion in
Northern Europe around the 16th century. Studies by its research institute have shown that
3692:
186:
574:
3065:
2149:
2291:
2243:
2045:
513:
2787:
974:
Finns use rutabaga in most dishes that call for a root vegetable. Many
Finnish soup bases consist of potatoes, carrots, and rutabagas.
3543:
3219:
2943:
2483:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
3687:
3452:
3385:
2912:
1981:
1961:
1877:
1856:
1743:
turnips are often carved to look as sinister and threatening as possible and are put in the window or on the doorstep of a house on
952:(rutabaga casserole), one of the three main casseroles served during Finnish Christmas, alongside the potato and carrot casseroles.
745:
2446:
1671:
As with watercress, mustard greens, turnip, broccoli, and horseradish, human perception of bitterness in rutabaga is governed by a
2394:
2193:
2841:
2420:
2356:
3595:
2273:
2225:
2928:
727:
530:
2731:
2502:
3608:
3185:
2442:
1714:
The roots and tops of "swedes" came into use as a forage crop in the early nineteenth century, used as winter feed for
3507:
2964:
2283:
2235:
1937:
1730:
130:
542:
2896:
1162:, where the winters are colder. They are usually served mashed with butter but are often added to other dishes like
2279:
2231:
1831:
919:
554:
as early as 1817. In 1835, a rutabaga fodder crop was recommended to New York farmers in the Genesee River valley.
716:
3626:
3027:
2114:
1187:
946:
Finns eat and cook rutabaga in a variety of ways. Rutabaga is the major ingredient in the popular Christmas dish
723:
1679:
bitter receptor, which detects the glucosinolates in rutabaga. Sensitive individuals with the genotype PAV/PAV (
3697:
3682:
3151:
649:
2166:
3677:
2326:
2119:
3475:
3441:
3212:
1898:
1735:
1694:
have also been isolated from the rutabaga, including three novel phytoalexins that were reported in 2004.
1600:
643:, or elevated to species rank. In 1768, a Scottish botanist promoted Linnaeus' variety to species rank as
587:
of 1916–17) and between 1945 and 1949. As a result, many older Germans had unhappy memories of this food.
122:
2072:
Harvey, Nigel (1949). "The Coming of the Swede to Great Britain: An Obscure Chapter in Farming History".
1668:
vegetables is around one percent of dry matter. These compounds also cause the bitter taste of rutabaga.
500:
in 1620, where he notes that it was growing wild in Sweden. It is often considered to have originated in
3574:
3428:
3301:
1779:
1648:
transport and, at high doses, competes with iodide in the organification process within thyroid tissue.
1503:
1591:
988:) is a popular slow-cooking stew with root vegetables and meat cooked for a long time in a Dutch oven.
3091:
2005:
3636:
3259:
2682:
2564:
1555:
1516:
570:
395:
306:
165:
134:
24:
3266:
3113:
913:
573:) was a typical food in Germany during the famines and food shortages of World War I caused by the
244:
2818:
2708:
2089:
1791:
1490:
1470:
1293:
596:
413:). Some areas of south-east Scotland, such as Berwickshire and Roxburghshire, still use the term
229:
3057:
2630:
vegetables: The influence of the food supply chain on intake, bioavailability and human health"
3672:
3447:
3418:
3287:
3252:
3245:
3205:
3179:
3006:
2908:
2765:
2700:
2651:
2580:
2494:
2484:
2144:
2081:
1977:
1957:
1873:
1852:
1381:
676:
657:
627:
617:
41:
2127:
220:). Rutabaga roots are eaten as human food in various ways, and the leaves can be eaten as a
2995:
2891:
2783:
2757:
2690:
2641:
2572:
2537:
1775:
1767:
1398:
1159:
979:
622:
265:
201:
174:
170:
83:
3328:
3273:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2903:
2735:
2287:
2239:
2173:
2153:
1941:
1835:
1816:
1719:
1041:
1033:
1011:
546:
suggests that the rutabaga was introduced more widely to England in 1790. Introduction to
178:
20:
1603:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
2686:
2568:
3350:
3280:
2386:
2199:
2177:
1691:
1653:
1143:
1071:
948:
938:
685:
681:
600:
497:
364:
310:
221:
160:
138:
66:
58:
2999:
2857:
2576:
2416:
768:
In the Netherlands, rutabaga is traditionally served boiled and mashed. Adding mashed
533:, the root vegetable arrived in England from Germany around 1750. Rutabaga arrived in
3666:
3408:
3360:
3294:
3175:
1657:
1249:
1129:
In Australia, swedes are used as a flavour enhancer in casseroles, stews, and soups.
1094:
Swede is an essential vegetable component of the traditional Welsh lamb broth called
885:
689:
612:
584:
547:
471:
197:
2712:
3457:
3437:
3338:
3190:
2541:
1656:. Yet, there have been no reports of ill effects in humans from the consumption of
1626:
1622:
1225:
1147:
1075:
992:
967:
in light syrup are often added to the rutabaga salad. Sometimes, thinly sliced raw
819:
566:
326:
182:
3512:
2925:
2726:
2671:"Variability in a taste-receptor gene determines whether we taste toxins in food"
2108:
3613:
3582:
2842:"Bettina Arnold – Halloween Lecture: Halloween Customs in the Celtic World"
1687:
1680:
1638:
1209:
705:
562:
558:
501:
496:
The first known printed reference to the rutabaga comes from the Swiss botanist
338:
318:
2478:
1819:
OED Online. Oxford University Press, September 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
1082:(the Scottish national dish). Neeps mashed with carrots or potatoes are called
959:
rutabaga is often served as a side dish salad in school and workplace lunches.
787:
2695:
2670:
2181:
1755:
1542:
1415:
1364:
956:
640:
3548:
3498:
2612:
Werner and Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text, 6th Edition
2085:
3649:
3530:
2847:
1744:
1715:
1698:
1630:
1529:
1448:
1179:
1163:
1139:
1015:
964:
932:
893:
877:
488:
314:
233:
225:
2878:
Rogers, Nicholas (2002). "Festive Rights: Halloween in the British Isles".
2769:
2704:
2655:
2646:
2625:
2498:
1934:
2584:
1891:"Geiriadur yr Academi | The Welsh Academy English-Welsh Dictionary Online"
1734:
A traditional Irish Halloween turnip (rutabaga) lantern on display in the
3644:
3522:
3492:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3345:
3333:
3229:
2951:
1828:
1751:
1722:), or animals may be allowed to forage the plants directly in the field.
1347:
1083:
909:
775:
769:
561:
in both Germany and France due to its association with food shortages in
551:
534:
379:
330:
148:
3561:
3318:
2728:
Phytochemical Dictionary: A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants
2093:
1809:
1676:
1642:
1634:
1614:
1327:
1059:
899:
795:
730: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
505:
334:
205:
189:). However, elsewhere, the name "turnip" usually refers to the related
52:
3587:
2965:"Get traditional with a turnip this year - Top stories - Scotsman.com"
2761:
1174:
In the US, rutabagas are not widely eaten but may be found as part of
252:
3395:
3390:
3375:
3323:
3088:"The International Rutabaga Curl – Ithaca Farmers Market – Ithaca NY"
2614:
1991. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 371–2.
1701:: 100 g contains 25 mg, 30% of the daily recommended dose.
1649:
1645:
1431:
1079:
995:
made from root vegetables, such as rutabagas, beetroots and carrots.
968:
960:
841:
837:
833:
791:
781:
670:
665:
509:
454:). In north-east England, turnips and swedes are colloquially called
430:
264:
is the common North American term for the plant. This comes from the
213:
190:
3600:
3469:
3143:
3028:"Hop Tu Naa Celebrations at Cregneash – Isle of Man News | Manx.net"
2220:
772:(and, in some recipes, similarly mashed vegetables or fruits) makes
390:(also used as a pejorative term for a foolish or stupid person), or
1036:. The swede is also one of the four traditional ingredients of the
3535:
1729:
1618:
1239:
1183:
1037:
931:
865:
849:
818:
786:
487:
342:
251:
243:
2599:
Nutritional factors involved in the goitrogenic action of cassava
2264:
874:
is an obligatory accompaniment to many festive dishes, including
550:
came in the early 19th century with reports of rutabaga crops in
2524:
Olsson, K.; Jeppsson, L. (1984). "Undesirable glucosinolates in
1672:
1568:
1175:
1095:
845:
449:
399:
281:
3473:
3201:
3114:"Rutabaga Festival Parade – Cumberland Chamber of Commerce, WI"
3087:
2555:
Jones, D.A. (1998). "Why are so many food plants cyanogenic?".
1890:
1774:
annually on the last day of the market season. The villages of
569:. Boiled stew with rutabaga and water as the only ingredients (
1613:
Rutabaga and other cyanoglucoside-containing foods (including
1269:
699:
444:
Some will also refer to both swede and (white) turnip as just
92:
599:
history. The earliest account comes from the Swiss botanist
3197:
680:. The resulting cross doubled its chromosomes, becoming an
325:
is also used in parts of Northern and Midland England, the
113:
107:
98:
2601:. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1982.
2447:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
1098:. A mash produced using just potato and swede is known as
3144:"Askov Rutabaga Festival & Fair: A Community Event -"
110:
2198:, Talking Food magazine, 7 February 2019, archived from
290:'lump, bunch'. In the U.S., the plant is also known as
639:. It has since been moved to other taxa as a variety,
417:, possibly a derivative of the Swedish dialectal word
3148:
Askov Rutabaga Festival & Fair: A Community Event
86:
104:
95:
89:
3482:
3311:
3237:
2725:Harborne, J. B., Baxter, H., and Moss, J. P. 1999.
1567:
1554:
1541:
1528:
1515:
1502:
1489:
1468:
1447:
1430:
1414:
1397:
1380:
1363:
1346:
1325:
1290:
1266:
1248:
1238:
1222:
1208:
1203:
101:
65:
51:
34:
23:. For similar vegetables also called "turnip", see
2939:, 31 October 2005. Retrieved on 19 October 2006. "
2480:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2107:
1052:In Scotland, separately boiled and mashed, swede (
1849:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Heirloom Vegetables
1782:, both hold annual rutabaga festivals in August.
1480:
1337:
345:, according to region, it is variously known as
2954:, 28 October 2005. Retrieved 23 September 2007.
1992:
1990:
891:
883:
875:
869:
859:
664: = 38. It originated from a cross between
260:Rutabaga has many national and regional names.
2327:"Brukiew. Kiedyś codzienna, dzisiaj odświętna"
1718:. They may be fed directly (chopped or from a
1204:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
908:is often eaten together with cured and boiled
832:In Sweden and Norway, rutabaga is cooked with
3213:
2967:. Edinburghnews.scotsman.com. 28 October 2009
2669:Sandell, Mari A.; Breslin, Paul A.S. (2006).
2139:
2137:
1956:Chambers English Dictionary (Chambers 1988),
1005:
999:
983:
936:
917:
903:
853:
823:
523:
517:
419:
285:
275:
269:
8:
3178:—Center for New Crops & Plant Products,
3011:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2738:. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor and Francis, Inc.
2041:"Geenit valottavat vanhaa viljelykulttuuria"
1198:
1182:, served mashed with carrots, or baked in a
578:
2880:Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night
2856:: Center for Celtic Studies. Archived from
1772:International Rutabaga Curling Championship
1111:
1105:
1099:
1065:
1057:
773:
684:. This relationship was first published by
407:
358:
352:
346:
3470:
3220:
3206:
3198:
2941:Turnip battles with pumpkin for Hallowe'en
2443:United States Food and Drug Administration
2313:Vegetable Brassicas and Related Crucifers.
1952:
1950:
1307:
1197:
475:
40:
31:
2694:
2645:
1697:Rutabaga contains significant amounts of
746:Learn how and when to remove this message
3176:Alternative Field Crops Manual: Rutabaga
1935:Dictionary of the Scots Language: baigie
1770:, New York, organizes what it calls the
1637:, which is subsequently detoxified into
1056:) and potatoes are served as "neeps and
305:(from "Swedish turnip") is used in many
2156:Albany, NY: J. B. Lyon Company, p. 105.
1802:
1766:A local farmers' market in the town of
224:. The roots and tops are also used for
3090:. Rutabagacurl.com. 17 December 2011.
3004:
2882:. pp. 43, 48. Oxford University Press.
2790:from the original on 23 September 2012
2423:from the original on 24 September 2022
991:Finnish supermarkets sell alternative
916:. This classic Swedish dish is called
256:Harvested roots waiting to be prepared
3154:from the original on 18 November 2015
3124:from the original on 29 December 2019
2397:from the original on 24 February 2018
2337:from the original on 5 September 2022
1918:
1916:
1901:from the original on 24 February 2018
1664:vegetables. Glucosinolate content in
1186:. They are sometimes included in the
1146:. In Newfoundland, it is served with
1104:in the North-East of the country, as
1074:word for potatoes), in a traditional
16:Root vegetable in the Brassica family
7:
3637:734f70ec-6148-4be1-8a08-f118efce3a88
3068:from the original on 2 December 2017
2146:Sturtevant's Notes on Edible Plants.
2128:participating institution membership
998:Rutabagas are also an ingredient in
858:(Swedish, literally 'root mash') or
728:adding citations to reliable sources
3038:from the original on 1 October 2017
2840:Arnold, Bettina (31 October 2001).
2367:from the original on 10 August 2018
2292:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2244:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2046:Natural Resources Institute Finland
1078:, together with the main course of
844:and either stock or, occasionally,
514:Natural Resources Institute Finland
2457:from the original on 27 March 2024
2325:Przybylak, Karol (24 March 2010).
868:is occasionally added. In Norway,
14:
3094:from the original on 8 March 2018
3058:"The Manx festival of Hop-tu-Naa"
2854:University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
2357:"BBC – Geirfa'r gogledd ddwyrain"
603:, who wrote about it in his 1620
3424:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3186:"Are 'neeps' swedes or turnips?"
2597:Delange F, Iteke FB, Ermans AM.
2315:CABI: Oxfordshire, UK. pp. 6–36.
1925:, Mairi Robinson (editor) (1985)
704:
448:(this word is also derived from
82:
2505:from the original on 9 May 2024
2274:International Plant Names Index
2226:International Plant Names Index
1976:. CRC Press, 2017. Chapter 47.
1872:. John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
715:needs additional citations for
611:was first validly published by
557:Rutabaga was once considered a
2907:. Pelican Publishing Company.
2542:10.17660/ActaHortic.1984.163.9
537:by way of Sweden around 1781.
492:Longitudinal section of a root
185:, as well as some dialects of
1:
3000:10.1016/S0950-3293(98)00042-1
2577:10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00425-1
2030:New York: Simon and Schuster.
2028:A World of Vegetable Cookery.
1838:(Swedish) Linked 2 March 2018
1110:on the Llyn peninsula and as
19:For the Drosophila gene, see
3118:www.cumberland-wisconsin.com
2049:(in Finnish). Archived from
1923:The Concise Scots Dictionary
1870:Anne Lindsay's Smart Cooking
1690:that aid in defence against
1599:Percentages estimated using
688:in 1935 and is known as the
466:. Rutabaga is also known as
3693:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2988:Food Quality and Preference
2811:"Swedes and Turnips – SRUC"
2284:Harvard University Herbaria
2236:Harvard University Herbaria
1592:Link to USDA Database entry
852:, to create a puree called
470:in the Isle of Man and the
187:English in Northern England
3714:
2786:. Healthaliciousness.com.
2280:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2232:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1747:to ward off evil spirits.
1214:157 kJ (38 kcal)
645:Brassica napobrassica
609:Brassica napobrassica
18:
3404:
2696:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.049
2610:Braverman LE, Utiger RD.
2221:"Brassica napus rapifera"
2115:Oxford English Dictionary
1598:
1588:
1580:
1464:
1460:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1306:
1286:
1282:
1262:
1258:
1218:
1188:New England boiled dinner
971:are mixed with rutabaga.
39:
3688:Plants described in 1753
3453:Cruciferous Biochemistry
2931:23 November 2008 at the
2902:13 November 2022 at the
2897:Forerunners to Halloween
2417:"Swedes – Tuwīti tānapu"
2167:The Culture of Ruta Baga
2143:Sturtevant, E. L. 1919.
1944:" Relinked 2 March 2018.
650:The Gardeners Dictionary
543:The Gardeners' Chronicle
516:(now Luke), rutabaga or
309:, including much of the
151:). Other names include
3484:Brassica napus rapifera
2946:9 November 2008 at the
2892:Bannatyne, Lesley Pratt
2120:Oxford University Press
1660:from normal amounts of
1641:. Thiocyanate inhibits
1601:US recommendations
1066:
1058:
595:Rutabaga has a complex
450:
400:
3442:Cruciferous vegetables
2647:10.1002/mnfr.200800065
2165:James Houghton (1835)
2026:Hawkes, Alex D. 1968.
1974:Vegetable Crop Science
1739:
1736:Museum of Country Life
1605:the National Academies
1112:
1106:
1100:
1006:
1000:
984:
943:
937:
918:
904:
892:
884:
876:
870:
860:
854:
829:
824:
798:
794:served with neeps and
774:
579:
524:
518:
493:
476:
420:
408:
359:
353:
347:
286:
276:
270:
257:
249:
123:North American English
3302:Brassica tournefortii
2734:17 April 2023 at the
2267:Brassica napobrassica
2152:17 April 2023 at the
1815:13 March 2020 at the
1780:Cumberland, Wisconsin
1733:
1312:Vitamins and minerals
935:
822:
790:
491:
429:is also used for the
255:
247:
147:(which also includes
3260:Brassica fruticulosa
2172:16 July 2020 at the
2074:Agricultural History
1940:3 March 2018 at the
1895:geiriaduracademi.org
1834:2 March 2018 at the
955:Uncooked and thinly
920:fläsklägg med rotmos
724:improve this article
307:Commonwealth Nations
135:Commonwealth English
25:Turnip (terminology)
3267:Brassica hilarionis
3064:. 24 October 2011.
2821:on 31 December 2019
2687:2006CBio...16.R792S
2634:Mol. Nutr. Food Res
2626:"Glucosinolates in
2569:1998PChem..47..155J
2118:(Online ed.).
1847:McLaughlin, Chris.
1829:Våra ord: rotabagge
1399:Pantothenic acid (B
1200:
828:served with sausage
559:food of last resort
512:. According to the
474:word for turnip is
3194:, 25 January 2010.
2860:on 27 October 2007
2311:Dixon, G.R. 2007.
2053:on 26 October 2020
2008:on 1 November 2018
1792:List of vegetables
1740:
944:
840:, and mashed with
830:
799:
494:
258:
250:
71:Napobrassica Group
3660:
3659:
3476:Taxon identifiers
3467:
3466:
3288:Brassica oleracea
3253:Brassica elongata
3246:Brassica carinata
3180:Purdue University
2926:Pumpkins Passions
2762:10.1021/jo049648a
2756:(13): 4471–4476.
2490:978-0-309-48834-1
2202:on 12 August 2020
2195:Back to our Roots
2126:(Subscription or
1851:. Penguin, 2010.
1611:
1610:
1584:
1583:
912:, accompanied by
815:Sweden and Norway
756:
755:
748:
677:Brassica oleracea
658:chromosome number
618:Species Plantarum
615:in his 1753 work
591:Botanical history
571:Steckrübeneintopf
382:, it is known as
341:, and Canada. In
210:Brassica oleracea
75:
74:
46:Rutabaga or Swede
35:Rutabaga or Swede
3705:
3653:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3614:NHMSYS0000456604
3604:
3603:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3577:
3565:
3564:
3552:
3551:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3525:
3516:
3515:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3471:
3427:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3199:
3184:Smillie, Susan.
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3010:
3002:
2994:(4–5): 261–272,
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2961:
2955:
2922:
2916:
2889:
2883:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2817:. Archived from
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2745:
2739:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2698:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2621:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2322:
2316:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2190:
2184:
2163:
2157:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2111:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2037:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2004:. Archived from
1994:
1985:
1970:
1964:
1954:
1945:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1887:
1881:
1866:
1860:
1845:
1839:
1826:
1820:
1807:
1776:Askov, Minnesota
1484:
1435:
1419:
1402:
1385:
1368:
1351:
1341:
1308:
1201:
1116:in other parts.
1115:
1109:
1103:
1069:
1063:
1010:, a traditional
1009:
1003:
987:
980:Karelian hot pot
942:
923:
907:
897:
889:
881:
873:
863:
857:
827:
779:
751:
744:
740:
737:
731:
708:
700:
633:B. oleracea
628:B. oleracea
582:
580:Steckrübenwinter
527:
521:
479:
453:
423:
411:
403:
362:
356:
350:
289:
279:
273:
230:Jack-o'-lanterns
175:Canadian English
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
44:
32:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3698:Root vegetables
3683:Leaf vegetables
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3648:
3643:
3635:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3612:
3607:
3599:
3594:
3586:
3581:
3573:
3568:
3560:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3529:
3521:
3519:
3511:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3478:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3400:
3329:Chinese cabbage
3307:
3274:Brassica juncea
3233:
3226:
3172:
3167:
3157:
3155:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3026:Telecom, Manx.
3025:
3024:
3020:
3003:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2948:Wayback Machine
2933:Wayback Machine
2923:
2919:
2904:Wayback Machine
2890:
2886:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2736:Wayback Machine
2724:
2720:
2675:Current Biology
2668:
2667:
2663:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2609:
2605:
2596:
2592:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2491:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2391:Amgueddfa Cymru
2385:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2205:
2203:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2174:Wayback Machine
2164:
2160:
2154:Wayback Machine
2142:
2135:
2125:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1971:
1967:
1955:
1948:
1942:Wayback Machine
1933:
1929:
1921:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1868:Lindsay, Anne.
1867:
1863:
1846:
1842:
1836:Wayback Machine
1827:
1823:
1817:Wayback Machine
1808:
1804:
1800:
1788:
1764:
1728:
1712:
1707:
1692:plant pathogens
1594:
1589:
1575:
1562:
1549:
1536:
1523:
1510:
1497:
1485:
1455:
1442:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1400:
1392:
1383:
1375:
1366:
1358:
1349:
1342:
1313:
1302:
1297:
1278:
1273:
1234:
1229:
1196:
1172:
1156:
1135:
1127:
1122:
1092:
1050:
1040:originating in
1034:Branston Pickle
1029:
1024:
930:
817:
812:
804:
766:
761:
752:
741:
735:
732:
721:
709:
698:
656:Rutabaga has a
593:
575:Allied blockade
486:
268:dialectal word
248:Harvested roots
242:
85:
81:
47:
28:
21:Rutabaga (gene)
17:
12:
11:
5:
3711:
3709:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3678:Halloween food
3675:
3665:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3641:
3631:
3618:
3605:
3592:
3579:
3566:
3553:
3540:
3527:
3517:
3504:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3351:Collard greens
3348:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3281:Brassica napus
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3182:
3171:
3170:External links
3168:
3166:
3165:
3135:
3105:
3079:
3049:
3018:
2978:
2956:
2917:
2884:
2871:
2832:
2801:
2775:
2740:
2718:
2681:(18): R792-4.
2661:
2616:
2603:
2590:
2563:(2): 155–162.
2557:Phytochemistry
2547:
2536:(163): 83–84.
2516:
2489:
2468:
2434:
2408:
2378:
2348:
2317:
2304:
2256:
2212:
2185:
2178:Genesee Farmer
2158:
2133:
2099:
2080:(4): 286–288.
2064:
2032:
2019:
1986:
1965:
1946:
1927:
1912:
1882:
1861:
1840:
1821:
1810:"rutabaga, n."
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1763:
1760:
1727:
1724:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1675:affecting the
1658:glucosinolates
1654:hypothyroidism
1627:sweet potatoes
1609:
1608:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1194:Phytochemistry
1192:
1171:
1168:
1155:
1152:
1144:Christmas cake
1134:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:Outside Europe
1118:
1091:
1088:
1049:
1046:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1022:United Kingdom
1020:
985:karjalanpaisti
949:lanttulaatikko
939:Lanttulaatikko
929:
926:
836:and sometimes
816:
813:
811:
808:
803:
800:
765:
762:
760:
757:
754:
753:
712:
710:
703:
697:
694:
686:Woo Jang-choon
601:Gaspard Bauhin
592:
589:
540:An article in
498:Gaspard Bauhin
485:
482:
329:(particularly
311:United Kingdom
292:Swedish turnip
241:
238:
222:leaf vegetable
195:Brassica napus
193:. The species
153:Swedish turnip
144:Brassica napus
139:root vegetable
73:
72:
69:
67:Cultivar group
63:
62:
59:Brassica napus
55:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3710:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3459:
3458:genera (list)
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3420:
3412:
3410:
3409:Triangle of U
3407:
3406:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Spring greens
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:Mustard plant
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3295:Brassica rapa
3292:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3211:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2979:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2913:1-56554-346-7
2910:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2836:
2833:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2640:: S219–S265.
2639:
2635:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2528:vegetables".
2527:
2520:
2517:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2472:
2469:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2366:
2362:
2361:www.bbc.co.uk
2358:
2352:
2349:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2257:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1982:9781351648875
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1962:1-85296-000-0
1959:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1878:9780470157114
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1857:9781101441831
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1623:bamboo shoots
1620:
1616:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1372:
1370:
1365:Riboflavin (B
1362:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1250:Dietary fiber
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:Carbohydrates
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1199:Rutabaga, raw
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:United States
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1002:
996:
994:
989:
986:
981:
975:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
951:
950:
941:
940:
934:
927:
925:
922:
921:
915:
911:
906:
902:. In Sweden,
901:
896:
895:
888:
887:
880:
879:
872:
871:kålrabistappe
867:
864:(Norwegian).
862:
861:kålrabistappe
856:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
826:
821:
814:
809:
807:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
783:
778:
777:
771:
763:
758:
750:
747:
739:
729:
725:
719:
718:
713:This section
711:
707:
702:
701:
695:
693:
691:
690:Triangle of U
687:
683:
682:allopolyploid
679:
678:
673:
672:
671:Brassica rapa
667:
663:
659:
654:
652:
651:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:
624:
620:
619:
614:
613:Carl Linnaeus
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
588:
586:
585:Turnip Winter
581:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
548:North America
545:
544:
538:
536:
532:
531:John Sinclair
526:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
490:
483:
481:
478:
473:
472:Manx language
469:
465:
462:(archaic) or
461:
457:
452:
447:
442:
440:
436:
435:Brassica rapa
432:
428:
424:
422:
416:
412:
410:
404:
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
361:
355:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
296:yellow turnip
293:
288:
283:
278:
272:
267:
263:
254:
246:
239:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Brassica rapa
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:Irish English
176:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
118:
79:
70:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
3483:
3438:Brassicaceae
3436:
3429:Brassicaceae
3380:
3339:Napa cabbage
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3228:
3191:The Guardian
3189:
3156:. Retrieved
3147:
3138:
3126:. Retrieved
3117:
3108:
3098:15 September
3096:. Retrieved
3082:
3070:. Retrieved
3061:
3052:
3040:. Retrieved
3032:www.manx.net
3031:
3021:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2971:15 September
2969:. Retrieved
2959:
2936:
2920:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2858:the original
2845:
2835:
2823:. Retrieved
2819:the original
2814:
2804:
2794:15 September
2792:. Retrieved
2778:
2753:
2750:J. Org. Chem
2749:
2743:
2727:
2721:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2593:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2479:
2471:
2459:. Retrieved
2450:
2437:
2427:24 September
2425:. Retrieved
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2393:(in Welsh).
2390:
2387:"Amser Bwyd"
2381:
2369:. Retrieved
2363:(in Welsh).
2360:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2331:Biokurier.pl
2330:
2320:
2312:
2307:
2295:. Retrieved
2272:
2266:
2259:
2247:. Retrieved
2224:
2215:
2204:, retrieved
2200:the original
2194:
2188:
2161:
2145:
2113:
2102:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2051:the original
2044:
2035:
2027:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:the original
2002:wiki1.sch.im
2001:
1973:
1972:Rana, M. K.
1968:
1930:
1922:
1903:. Retrieved
1897:(in Welsh).
1894:
1885:
1869:
1864:
1848:
1843:
1824:
1805:
1765:
1749:
1741:
1713:
1696:
1688:phytoalexins
1685:
1681:supertasters
1670:
1665:
1661:
1612:
1481:
1476:
1469:
1338:
1333:
1326:
1292:
1268:
1224:
1173:
1157:
1148:Jiggs dinner
1136:
1128:
1113:stwnsh rwden
1093:
1076:Burns supper
1053:
1051:
1030:
997:
993:potato chips
990:
976:
973:
954:
947:
945:
831:
805:
767:
742:
733:
722:Please help
717:verification
714:
675:
669:
661:
655:
648:
644:
637:napobrassica
636:
632:
626:
616:
608:
604:
594:
567:World War II
556:
541:
539:
495:
467:
463:
459:
455:
445:
443:
438:
434:
431:white turnip
426:
418:
414:
406:
398:
391:
387:
383:
377:
375:in English.
372:
368:
327:West Country
322:
302:
300:
295:
291:
261:
259:
217:
209:
204:between the
194:
191:white turnip
183:Manx English
164:
156:
152:
143:
142:
141:, a form of
126:
77:
76:
57:
29:
3583:iNaturalist
3128:18 November
2850:Celebration
2784:"Rutabagas"
2341:5 September
1639:thiocyanate
1348:Thiamine (B
1154:New Zealand
1001:lanttukukko
898:and salted
810:Scandinavia
764:Netherlands
736:August 2018
563:World War I
502:Scandinavia
425:. The term
396:Old English
339:Isle of Man
321:. The name
319:New Zealand
3667:Categories
3601:60452368-2
2915:p. 44
2864:16 October
2846:Halloween
2825:9 November
2815:sruc.ac.uk
2297:30 October
2249:30 October
2206:5 February
2182:HathiTrust
2130:required.)
2012:20 October
1798:References
1756:Hop-tu-Naa
1705:Other uses
1633:) release
1631:lima beans
1543:Phosphorus
1180:casseroles
1166:or bakes.
1164:casseroles
1101:ponsh maip
1070:being the
1004:(rutabaga-
963:or canned
886:pinnekjøtt
641:subspecies
212:) and the
198:originated
3650:100300283
3312:Cultivars
2848:Inaugural
2530:Acta Hort
2288:Libraries
2240:Libraries
2086:0002-1482
2057:1 January
1859:. p. 208.
1762:Festivals
1745:Halloween
1738:, Ireland
1726:Halloween
1716:livestock
1710:Livestock
1699:vitamin C
1556:Potassium
1530:Manganese
1517:Magnesium
1449:Vitamin C
1432:Folate (B
1416:Vitamin B
1382:Niacin (B
1160:Southland
1140:mincemeat
1125:Australia
965:pineapple
957:julienned
894:raspeball
878:smalahove
605:Prodromus
597:taxonomic
421:rotabagge
367:, and as
315:Australia
301:The term
271:rotabagge
240:Etymology
234:Halloween
226:livestock
133:and some
3673:Brassica
3645:Tropicos
3520:BioLib:
3493:Wikidata
3448:Brassica
3419:Brassica
3381:Rutabaga
3371:Rapeseed
3366:Nanohana
3356:Kohlrabi
3346:Choy sum
3334:Bok choy
3230:Brassica
3152:Archived
3122:Archived
3092:Archived
3072:16 March
3066:Archived
3062:BBC News
3042:16 March
3036:Archived
3007:citation
2952:BBC News
2944:Archived
2929:Archived
2900:Archived
2894:(1998).
2788:Archived
2770:15202903
2732:Archived
2713:17133799
2705:16979544
2656:19035553
2628:Brassica
2526:Brassica
2503:Archived
2499:30844154
2461:28 March
2455:Archived
2445:(2024).
2421:Archived
2401:16 March
2395:Archived
2371:16 March
2365:Archived
2335:Archived
2170:Archived
2150:Archived
1938:Archived
1905:16 March
1899:Archived
1880:. p. 174
1832:Archived
1813:Archived
1786:See also
1752:pumpkins
1666:Brassica
1662:Brassica
1621:(corn),
1537:0.131 mg
1477:Quantity
1471:Minerals
1334:Quantity
1328:Vitamins
1084:clapshot
1048:Scotland
1042:Cornwall
1016:Karelian
1012:Savonian
910:ham hock
776:stamppot
770:potatoes
552:Illinois
535:Scotland
460:snaggers
456:snadgers
405:, Latin
380:Scotland
331:Cornwall
262:Rutabaga
171:Scottish
149:rapeseed
78:Rutabaga
3562:3042637
3499:Q158464
3319:Bomdong
3238:Species
2683:Bibcode
2585:9431670
2565:Bibcode
2509:21 June
2109:"Swede"
2094:3740589
1998:"Photo"
1650:Goitres
1643:thyroid
1635:cyanide
1615:cassava
1576:0.24 mg
1511:0.44 mg
1491:Calcium
1410:0.16 mg
1376:0.04 mg
1359:0.09 mg
1294:Protein
1067:tatties
1060:tatties
1027:England
1018:dish).
969:carrots
961:Raisins
928:Finland
914:mustard
900:herring
796:tatties
696:Cuisine
623:variety
506:Finland
484:History
464:narkies
388:tumshie
360:erfinen
335:Ireland
274:, from
266:Swedish
206:cabbage
163:), and
137:) is a
131:English
53:Species
3634:NZOR:
3588:450737
3575:319659
3549:164407
3513:439394
3396:Turnip
3391:Tatsoi
3376:Rapini
3324:Canola
3158:7 June
2911:
2809:SRUC.
2768:
2711:
2703:
2654:
2583:
2497:
2487:
2286:&
2276:(IPNI)
2238:&
2228:(IPNI)
2092:
2084:
1980:
1960:
1876:
1855:
1778:, and
1768:Ithaca
1750:Since
1720:hopper
1646:iodide
1629:, and
1563:305 mg
1426:0.1 mg
1393:0.7 mg
1301:1.08 g
1277:0.16 g
1244:4.46 g
1240:Sugars
1233:8.62 g
1210:Energy
1133:Canada
1107:mwtrin
1080:haggis
905:rotmos
855:rotmos
842:butter
838:carrot
834:potato
825:Rotmos
802:Poland
792:Haggis
782:stoemp
759:Europe
674:) and
666:turnip
525:lanttu
519:lanttu
510:Russia
446:turnip
427:turnip
415:baigie
394:(from
384:turnip
373:turnip
348:meipen
337:, the
323:turnip
317:, and
214:turnip
202:hybrid
166:turnip
3544:EUNIS
3536:BRSNA
3523:39211
2709:S2CID
2124:
2090:JSTOR
1677:TAS2R
1619:maize
1550:53 mg
1524:20 mg
1498:43 mg
1456:25 mg
1443:21 μg
1254:2.3 g
1184:pasty
1176:stews
1090:Wales
1072:Scots
1054:neeps
1038:pasty
1007:kukko
866:Onion
850:cream
635:var.
621:as a
577:(the
477:napin
409:napus
369:swede
365:Welsh
357:, or
354:rwden
343:Wales
303:swede
287:bagge
200:as a
161:Scots
127:Swede
125:) or
3627:3709
3622:NCBI
3596:IPNI
3570:GRIN
3557:GBIF
3531:EPPO
3508:APNI
3160:2019
3130:2018
3100:2012
3074:2018
3044:2018
3013:link
2973:2012
2909:ISBN
2866:2007
2827:2013
2796:2012
2766:PMID
2701:PMID
2652:PMID
2581:PMID
2511:2024
2495:PMID
2485:ISBN
2463:2024
2429:2022
2403:2018
2373:2018
2343:2022
2299:2009
2251:2009
2208:2020
2180:via
2082:ISSN
2059:2024
2014:2017
1978:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1907:2018
1874:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1673:gene
1569:Zinc
1504:Iron
1142:and
1096:cawl
1014:and
846:milk
660:of 2
565:and
468:moot
439:rapa
437:ssp
392:neep
284:' +
282:root
181:and
173:and
157:neep
3609:NBN
2996:doi
2950:",
2937:BBC
2935:",
2758:doi
2691:doi
2642:doi
2573:doi
2538:doi
2534:163
2451:FDA
1561:10%
1482:%DV
1454:28%
1339:%DV
1270:Fat
1178:or
1064:" (
848:or
726:by
647:in
625:of
583:or
508:or
451:næp
441:).
401:næp
378:In
371:or
363:in
333:),
294:or
277:rot
232:at
3669::
3647::
3624::
3611::
3598::
3585::
3572::
3559::
3546::
3533::
3510::
3495::
3446::
3188:,
3150:.
3146:.
3120:.
3116:.
3060:.
3034:.
3030:.
3009:}}
3005:{{
2992:10
2990:,
2852:.
2844:.
2813:.
2764:.
2754:69
2752:.
2707:.
2699:.
2689:.
2679:16
2677:.
2673:.
2650:.
2638:53
2636:.
2632:.
2579:.
2571:.
2561:47
2559:.
2532:.
2501:.
2493:.
2453:.
2449:.
2419:.
2389:.
2359:.
2333:.
2329:.
2290:;
2282:;
2278:.
2271:.
2242:;
2234:;
2230:.
2223:.
2176:,
2136:^
2112:.
2088:.
2078:23
2076:.
2043:.
2000:.
1989:^
1949:^
1915:^
1893:.
1625:,
1617:,
1574:2%
1548:4%
1535:6%
1522:5%
1509:2%
1496:3%
1441:5%
1424:6%
1408:3%
1391:4%
1374:3%
1357:8%
1190:.
1150:.
1044:.
924:.
890:,
882:,
784:.
692:.
653:.
631::
607:.
504:,
480:.
458:,
386:,
351:,
313:,
298:.
236:.
177:,
155:,
121:;
108:eɪ
93:uː
3444:)
3440:(
3221:e
3214:t
3207:v
3162:.
3132:.
3102:.
3076:.
3046:.
3015:)
2998::
2975:.
2924:"
2868:.
2829:.
2798:.
2772:.
2760::
2715:.
2693::
2685::
2658:.
2644::
2587:.
2575::
2567::
2544:.
2540::
2513:.
2465:.
2431:.
2405:.
2375:.
2345:.
2301:.
2269:"
2265:"
2253:.
2122:.
2096:.
2061:.
2016:.
1984:.
1909:.
1607:.
1436:)
1434:9
1418:6
1403:)
1401:5
1386:)
1384:3
1369:)
1367:2
1352:)
1350:1
982:(
749:)
743:(
738:)
734:(
720:.
668:(
662:n
433:(
280:'
216:(
208:(
169:(
159:(
129:(
117:/
114:ə
111:ɡ
105:b
102:ˈ
99:ə
96:t
90:r
87:ˌ
84:/
80:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
