27:
156:
address itself". He adds that any "theory of language that neglects this 'creative' aspect is of only marginal interest". Chomsky then calls the existing structuralist linguistic theory of his time a "taxonomic" enterprise which limited itself within a narrow scope to become an "inventory of elements", not an inventory of underlying rules. In doing so, this "far too oversimplified" linguistic model "seriously underestimates the richness of structure of language and the generative processes that underlie it". After dismissing the existing theories, Chomsky attempts to show that his newly invented "transformational generative grammar" model is "much closer to the truth".
169:
data in an ad hoc manner. But for
Chomsky this still gives us little insight into the nature of linguistic structure. Therefore a comprehensive coverage of all data in the "observational adequacy" or all structural descriptions at the "descriptive adequacy" level would not be worthwhile nor interesting. A successful linguistic theory must achieve the higher level of "explanatory adequacy", describing the distinctive features of a natural language as opposed to any set of structural descriptions. For Chomsky, considering the stage where linguistics was at the time, such depth of analysis seemed more important than ever-broadening scope.
168:
Chomsky states that much of modern structural linguistics in the first half of the 20th century were preoccupied with observational adequacy. He also states that descriptive adequacy could technically be achieved by a set of structural descriptions (like a computer program) that cover all linguistic
155:
Chomsky places emphasis on the capacity of human languages to create new sentences in an infinite manner. To him, this creativity is an essential characteristic of languages in general. Chomsky boldly proclaims that this creativity is the "central fact to which any significant linguistic theory must
164:
Chomsky defines three levels of success for any linguistic theory. These are "observational adequacy" (i.e. correctly picking out the valid linguistic data that linguists must work on), "descriptive adequacy" (i.e. assigning clear structural description to elements of sentences) and "explanatory
702:
383:
852:
506:
360:
967:
662:
26:
339:
375:
576:
1064:
682:
567:
390:
128:
947:
888:
516:
110:
546:
294:
270:
783:
937:
127:. It is a revised and expanded version of "The Logical Basis of Linguistic Theory", a paper that Chomsky presented in the ninth
1074:
1059:
870:
438:
143:
1069:
977:
712:
596:
487:
957:
165:
adequacy" (i.e. justifying, with the help of a principled basis, the selection of a descriptive grammar for a language).
917:
763:
468:
1037:
259:
1079:
332:
177:
According to the
British linguist John Earl Joseph, the paper "secured international reputation in linguistics".
478:
672:
132:
879:
496:
652:
283:
Joseph, John Earl (2003), "Rethinking
Linguistic Creativity", in Hayley G. Davis, Talbot J. Taylor (ed.),
1084:
897:
743:
619:
526:
448:
325:
843:
692:
609:
586:
418:
137:
642:
632:
813:
753:
536:
793:
458:
367:
290:
266:
105:
861:
624:
601:
276:
997:
927:
135:
in 1962. It is a short monograph of about a hundred pages, similar to
Chomsky's earlier
773:
1053:
1018:
1005:
818:
803:
733:
348:
124:
40:
309:
284:
58:
89:
85:
147:(1965), Chomsky presents many of its ideas in a more elaborate manner.
321:
317:
1029:
989:
908:
832:
724:
558:
409:
400:
104:
96:
80:
72:
64:
54:
46:
36:
948:Distorted Morality – America's War on Terror?
258:
918:Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media
547:New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind
333:
8:
853:Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction
19:
938:Power and Terror: Noam Chomsky in Our Times
507:The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory
406:
340:
326:
318:
25:
18:
968:Peace, Propaganda & the Promised Land
663:The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many
289:, London: Routledge, pp. 121–150,
229:
217:
205:
193:
186:
241:
160:Scope and depth of linguistic analysis
376:Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
7:
577:American Power and the New Mandarins
123:is a 1964 book by American linguist
20:Current Issues in Linguistic Theory
958:Noam Chomsky: Rebel Without a Pause
683:Objectivity and Liberal Scholarship
568:The Responsibility of Intellectuals
429:Current Issues in Linguistic Theory
311:Current Issues in Linguistic Theory
261:Current Issues in Linguistic Theory
129:International Congress of Linguists
120:Current Issues in Linguistic Theory
889:The Cambridge Companion to Chomsky
517:Lectures on Government and Binding
14:
871:Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent
784:9-11: Was There An Alternative?
439:Aspects of the Theory of Syntax
144:Aspects of the Theory of Syntax
713:Requiem for the American Dream
597:Counter-Revolutionary Violence
1:
978:Is the Man Who Is Tall Happy?
488:Conditions on Transformations
469:The Sound Pattern of English
1101:
1065:American non-fiction books
479:Remarks on Nominalization
355:
24:
16:1964 book by Noam Chomsky
1013:Valeria Wasserman (wife)
673:World Orders Old and New
133:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1038:Chomsky–Foucault debate
880:The Anti-Chomsky Reader
497:Reflections on Language
313:preview in Google Books
1075:English-language books
1060:1964 non-fiction books
653:Letters from Lexington
537:The Minimalist Program
286:Rethinking Linguistics
257:Chomsky, Noam (1964),
1070:Books by Noam Chomsky
898:The Kingdom of Speech
744:Middle East Illusions
620:Manufacturing Consent
527:Knowledge of Language
449:Cartesian Linguistics
265:, The Hague: Mouton,
693:Hegemony or Survival
610:The Fateful Triangle
587:For Reasons of State
419:Syntactic Structures
138:Syntactic Structures
643:Deterring Democracy
633:Necessary Illusions
391:Political positions
31:First edition cover
21:
754:Imperial Ambitions
1080:Linguistics books
1047:
1046:
828:
827:
794:Making the Future
459:Language and Mind
368:Chomsky hierarchy
116:
115:
73:Publication place
1092:
1040:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1001:
982:
972:
962:
952:
942:
932:
922:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
862:Decoding Chomsky
856:
847:
821:
808:
798:
788:
778:
768:
758:
748:
738:
717:
707:
697:
687:
677:
667:
657:
647:
637:
627:
625:Edward S. Herman
614:
604:
602:Edward S. Herman
591:
581:
571:
551:
541:
531:
521:
511:
501:
491:
482:
473:
463:
453:
443:
433:
423:
407:
393:
386:
384:Honorary degrees
379:
370:
363:
342:
335:
328:
319:
299:
279:
277:Internet Archive
264:
244:
239:
233:
227:
221:
215:
209:
203:
197:
191:
29:
22:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1025:
1017:
1012:
1008:(deceased wife)
1004:
998:William Chomsky
996:
985:
975:
965:
955:
945:
935:
928:Last Party 2000
925:
915:
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
834:
824:
811:
801:
791:
781:
771:
761:
751:
741:
731:
720:
710:
700:
690:
680:
670:
660:
650:
640:
630:
617:
607:
594:
584:
574:
565:
554:
544:
534:
524:
514:
504:
494:
485:
476:
466:
456:
446:
436:
426:
416:
402:
396:
389:
382:
373:
366:
359:
351:
346:
306:
297:
282:
273:
256:
253:
248:
247:
240:
236:
228:
224:
216:
212:
204:
200:
192:
188:
183:
175:
162:
153:
81:Media type
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1098:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1010:
1002:
993:
991:
987:
986:
984:
983:
973:
963:
953:
943:
933:
923:
912:
910:
906:
905:
903:
902:
893:
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
838:
836:
830:
829:
826:
825:
823:
822:
809:
799:
789:
779:
774:Gaza in Crisis
769:
759:
749:
739:
728:
726:
722:
721:
719:
718:
708:
698:
688:
678:
668:
658:
648:
638:
628:
615:
605:
592:
582:
572:
562:
560:
556:
555:
553:
552:
542:
532:
522:
512:
502:
492:
483:
474:
464:
454:
444:
434:
424:
413:
411:
404:
398:
397:
395:
394:
387:
380:
371:
364:
356:
353:
352:
347:
345:
344:
337:
330:
322:
316:
315:
305:
304:External links
302:
301:
300:
295:
280:
271:
252:
249:
246:
245:
234:
222:
210:
198:
185:
184:
182:
179:
174:
171:
161:
158:
152:
149:
114:
113:
111:978-9027907004
108:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1097:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1019:Aviva Chomsky
1016:
1011:
1007:
1006:Carol Chomsky
1003:
999:
995:
994:
992:
988:
980:
979:
974:
970:
969:
964:
960:
959:
954:
950:
949:
944:
940:
939:
934:
930:
929:
924:
920:
919:
914:
913:
911:
907:
900:
899:
894:
891:
890:
885:
882:
881:
876:
873:
872:
867:
864:
863:
858:
855:
854:
849:
846:
845:
840:
839:
837:
831:
820:
817:(2015), with
816:
815:
810:
806:
805:
800:
796:
795:
790:
786:
785:
780:
776:
775:
770:
766:
765:
764:Interventions
760:
756:
755:
750:
746:
745:
740:
736:
735:
734:Class Warfare
730:
729:
727:
723:
715:
714:
709:
705:
704:
703:Failed States
699:
695:
694:
689:
685:
684:
679:
675:
674:
669:
665:
664:
659:
655:
654:
649:
645:
644:
639:
635:
634:
629:
626:
623:(1988), with
622:
621:
616:
612:
611:
606:
603:
600:(1973), with
599:
598:
593:
589:
588:
583:
579:
578:
573:
569:
564:
563:
561:
557:
549:
548:
543:
539:
538:
533:
529:
528:
523:
519:
518:
513:
509:
508:
503:
499:
498:
493:
489:
484:
480:
475:
471:
470:
465:
461:
460:
455:
451:
450:
445:
441:
440:
435:
431:
430:
425:
421:
420:
415:
414:
412:
408:
405:
399:
392:
388:
385:
381:
377:
372:
369:
365:
362:
358:
357:
354:
350:
343:
338:
336:
331:
329:
324:
323:
320:
314:
312:
308:
307:
303:
298:
296:9781135788643
292:
288:
287:
281:
278:
274:
272:9783110867565
268:
263:
262:
255:
254:
250:
243:
238:
235:
231:
226:
223:
219:
214:
211:
207:
202:
199:
195:
190:
187:
180:
178:
172:
170:
166:
159:
157:
150:
148:
146:
145:
140:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:
112:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:United States
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
39:
35:
28:
23:
1085:Syntax books
976:
966:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
814:On Palestine
812:
802:
792:
782:
772:
762:
752:
742:
732:
711:
701:
691:
681:
671:
661:
651:
641:
631:
618:
608:
595:
585:
575:
545:
535:
525:
515:
505:
495:
467:
457:
447:
437:
428:
427:
417:
403:bibliography
361:Bibliography
349:Noam Chomsky
310:
285:
275:– via
260:
237:
232:, p. 27
230:Chomsky 1964
225:
220:, p. 27
218:Chomsky 1964
213:
206:Chomsky 1964
201:
194:Chomsky 1964
189:
176:
167:
163:
154:
142:
136:
125:Noam Chomsky
119:
118:
117:
41:Noam Chomsky
961:(2003) (TV)
909:Filmography
835:works about
725:Collections
410:Linguistics
251:Works cited
242:Joseph 2003
208:, p. 8
196:, p. 7
141:(1957). In
59:Linguistics
1054:Categories
1021:(daughter)
819:Ilan Pappé
181:References
173:Reception
90:Paperback
86:Hardcover
65:Published
1000:(father)
833:Academic
570:" (1967)
559:Politics
490:" (1973)
481:" (1970)
151:Overview
131:held in
47:Language
1030:Related
844:Chomsky
84:Print (
55:Subject
50:English
990:Family
981:(2013)
971:(2004)
951:(2003)
941:(2002)
931:(2001)
921:(1992)
807:(2012)
804:Occupy
797:(2012)
787:(2011)
777:(2010)
767:(2007)
757:(2005)
747:(2003)
737:(1996)
716:(2017)
706:(2006)
696:(2003)
686:(1997)
676:(1994)
666:(1993)
656:(1993)
646:(1991)
636:(1989)
613:(1983)
590:(1973)
580:(1969)
550:(2000)
540:(1995)
530:(1986)
520:(1981)
510:(1975)
500:(1975)
472:(1968)
462:(1968)
452:(1966)
442:(1965)
432:(1964)
422:(1957)
401:Select
293:
269:
37:Author
97:Pages
291:ISBN
267:ISBN
106:ISBN
88:and
68:1964
100:119
1056::
566:"
486:"
477:"
378:"
374:"
341:e
334:t
327:v
92:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
