110:
481:, the manager of the St. Louis Cardinals, filed a complaint against Twitter, accusing Twitter of cybersquatting. The dispute centered on a Twitter profile that used La Russa's name, had a picture of La Russa, and had a headline that said "Hey there! Tony La Russa is now using Twitter." The profile encouraged users to "join today to start receiving Tony La Russa's updates." According to La Russa, the status updates were vulgar and derogatory. La Russa argued that the author of the profile intended, in bad faith, to divert Internet traffic away from La Russa's website and make a profit from the injury to La Russa's mark. On June 26, 2009, La Russa filed a notice of voluntary dismissal after the parties settled the case.
102:
529:
253:, which was upheld by the court. Finally, the Supreme Court acquitted the four accused, understanding that the proven facts did not fit the crime of misappropriation. In this sense, it highlights that there are elements that did not concur in this case and that the actions carried out by these individuals (creation of another domain, change of passwords...) occurred prior to their termination and that, therefore, they were in willingness to do it.
1711:
73:", or the practice of registering a collection of domain names corresponding to trademarks with the intention of selling the registrations to the owners of the trademarks, within the notion of cybersquatting, while others distinguish between the two terms. In the former definition, the cybersquatter may offer to sell the domain to the person or company who owns a trademark contained within the name at an
1372:
664:
132:(WIPO)'s Arbitration and Mediation Center, eclipsing the 2020 level by 22%. The surge pushed WIPO cybersquatting cases to almost 56,000 and the total number of domain names covered past the 100,000 mark. As a matter of comparison, in 2006, there were 1823 complaints filed with WIPO, which was a 25% increase over the 2005 rate.
498:
Policy" that forbids non-parody impersonation. An account may be guilty of impersonation if it confuses or misleads others; "accounts with the clear intent to confuse or mislead may be permanently suspended." Twitter's standard for defining parody is whether a reasonable person would be aware that the fake profile is a joke.
518:
Facebook reserves the right to reclaim usernames on the website if they infringe on a trademark. Trademark owners are responsible for reporting any trademark infringement on a username infringement form
Facebook provides. Furthermore, Facebook usernames require "mobile phone authentication". In order
497:
Twitter's name squatting policy forbids cybersquatting similar to that seen in many domain name disputes, such as "username for sale" accounts: "Attempts to sell or extort other forms of payment in exchange for usernames will result in account suspension." Additionally, Twitter has an "Impersonation
151:
WIPO UDRP cases in 2021 involved parties from 132 countries. The top three business areas were
Banking and Finance (13%), Internet and IT (13%), and Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals (11%). The U.S., with 1,760 cases filed, France (938), the U.K. (450), Switzerland (326), and Germany (251) were the
135:
The accelerating growth in cybersquatting cases filed with the WIPO Center has been largely attributed by the WIPO Center to trademark owners reinforcing their online presence to offer authentic content and trusted sales outlets, with a greater number of people spending more time online, especially
68:
In popular terms, "cybersquatting" is the term most frequently used to describe the deliberate, bad faith abusive registration of a domain name in violation of trademark rights. However, precisely because of its popular currency, the term has different meanings to different people. Some people, for
509:
the verification system was changed to make it easier for individuals to get verified through the
Twitter Blue program, giving accounts "Profile Labels" instead – identifying ownership information such as whether the account is an individual, business, or a government.
230:
The case revolves around four members of the religious association Alpha
Education for Comprehensive Health. They created a web page (the Internet domain of which was www.alfatelevision.org) and opened a bank and PayPal account for donations made to the association.
885:
864:
In the
Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act 1999, US Congress accepted that as long as there is no attempt to sell on a "personal name" Web site for profit, then it is an example of "fair use" and permission is not needed from the individual in
80:
Similarly, some consider "cyberpiracy" to be interchangeable with "cybersquatting", whereas others consider that the former term relates to violation of copyright in the content of websites, rather than to abusive domain name registrations.
210:, of the United States District Court of the Central District of California, ruled that the actor would have to file a complaint in a Canadian court, where the current owner of kevinspacey.com resided. Spacey later won the domain through
241:
The association's general secretary denounced the four members for a crime of misappropriation, and they were sentenced by the
Provincial Court of Guadalajara, understanding that the internet domain was an asset of the association.
877:
226:
issued the first sentence on this practice, relating it to the crime of misappropriation (STS 358/2022, of April 7). An unprecedented fact that established the legal fit of this computer crime in
Spanish jurisprudence.
1740:
474:, a new form of cybersquatting involves registering trademark-protected brands or names of public figures on popular social media websites. Such cases may be referred to as "username squatting".
256:
In addition, the sentence reflects cases in which cybersquatting could have criminal relevance. In the first place, if the conduct sought to harm the rights of a brand, it could constitute a
1725:
195:(15 U.S.C.) is intended to provide protection against cybersquatting for individuals as well as owners of distinctive trademarked names. However, some notable personalities, including actor
1845:
405:
326:
2038:
412:
1404:
1914:
1755:
1513:
125:
109:
906:
2220:
2028:
1518:
172:
60:", which is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or building that the squatter does not own, rent, or otherwise have permission to use.
2033:
1745:
931:
2018:
833:
810:
788:
744:
306:
293:
129:
118:
234:
Sometime later, there were some disagreements between the members of the association and the four defendants who opened a new website, changed the
1587:
762:
505:. Usernames stamped with the "verified account" insignia is intended to indicate that the accounts are real and authentic. However, after the
211:
1011:
2110:
2048:
238:
and the passwords of the accounts, which redirected all the donations from the followers. Later, the association dismissed the four members.
2095:
2174:
1786:
2205:
2023:
506:
372:
1660:
501:
Soon after the La Russa suit was filed, Twitter took another step to prevent "identity confusion" caused by squatting by unveiling
1640:
1390:
982:
1243:
1218:
2043:
1929:
825:
802:
489:
Social networking websites have attempted to curb cybersquatting, making cybersquatting a violation of their terms of service.
736:
101:
2215:
785:"Innovative Activity Overcomes Pandemic Disruption - WIPO's Global Intellectual Property Filing Services Reach Record Levels"
1397:
2100:
1821:
1665:
1141:
272:. Finally, if cybersquatting were used to attack a domain name, the accused would be facing a crime of computer sabotage.
203:" for which no permission is needed, unless there is an attempt to profit from the domain name by putting it up for sale.
1909:
2200:
2105:
2090:
2064:
1826:
1630:
1580:
849:
528:
199:, failed to obtain control of their names on the internet because the US ACPA considers ownership of a website name "
1292:
878:"El Tribunal Supremo se pronuncia por primera vez sobre el delito de apropiaciĂłn indebida de un dominio de internet"
2169:
1939:
1655:
722:
354:
1771:
1610:
1492:
1376:
621:
557:
168:
88:), in a 1999 report, approved by its member states, considered it as the abusive registration of a domain name.
2210:
1836:
1816:
1432:
606:
141:
121:(WIPO) has provided an administrative process wherein a trademark holder can attempt to claim a squatted site.
1924:
1791:
1467:
1447:
1414:
346:
155:
In 2007 it was stated that 84% of the claims made since 1999 were decided in the complaining party's favor.
70:
2195:
2164:
2151:
2136:
1868:
1806:
1781:
1776:
1650:
1573:
939:
702:
1801:
1116:
1091:
1066:
1041:
961:
645:
1811:
1685:
1442:
587:
334:
300:
261:
246:
223:
46:
770:
379:
113:
Geographical
Distribution of Parties in WIPO Domain Name Cybersquatting Cases in 2021. Top 25 countries
1198:
La Russa Notice of
Voluntary Dismissal, La Russa v. Twitter, Inc., No. CGC-09-488101, 2009 WL 1569936"
681:
1967:
1899:
1853:
1796:
1750:
1645:
1487:
502:
784:
537:
2069:
1904:
1670:
1549:
1523:
1472:
1019:
457:
in 1996, eight years before Gmail was introduced, and Gail does not appear to profit from the site.
257:
268:
in a deceitful way to cause an error in the transfer of assets, the accused could face a crime of
2131:
2126:
1952:
1889:
1615:
562:
287:
1317:
1947:
1620:
716:
137:
84:
Because of the various interpretations of the term, World
Intellectual Property Organization (
2074:
1957:
1730:
1193:
1168:
682:"The management of internet names and addresses: intellectual property issues. Final report"
596:
583:
207:
191:
adopted the U.S. Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999. This expansion of the
2146:
2141:
1972:
1962:
1735:
1695:
1477:
425:
235:
74:
453:. However, gail.com claims that the site was created after Gail's husband bought her the
990:
962:"Administrative Panel Decision Primedia Magazine Finance Inc. v. Next Level Productions"
1894:
1675:
1635:
1497:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1418:
617:
572:
567:
433:
429:
361:
1382:
206:
Jurisdiction is an issue, as shown in the case involving Kevin Spacey, in which Judge
2189:
1680:
1544:
1482:
1247:
1222:
612:
601:
578:
478:
188:
163:
Some countries have specific laws against cybersquatting beyond the normal rules of
1858:
552:
533:
196:
1173:
La Russa Complaint, La Russa v. Twitter, Inc., No. CGC-09-488101, 2009 WL 1569936"
1863:
1625:
1539:
766:
265:
176:
38:
668:
17:
1919:
826:"Geographical Distribution of Parties in WIPO Domain Name Cases Top 25 (2021)"
365:
317:
192:
1700:
1596:
1554:
1012:"Panavision Int'l, L.P. v. Toeppen | Internet Trademark Case Summaries"
342:
184:
180:
164:
57:
50:
42:
519:
to obtain a username, the individual needs to verify the account by phone.
1371:
1346:
711:. An early UDRP decision regarding the domain name wal-marksuck.com. 2000.
1873:
467:
313:
200:
1272:
663:
590:
471:
1142:"A Good Place: The happy accident of mistakenly logging onto gail.com"
1993:
449:
engineer, gail.com, could be accused of cybersquatting on a typo for
250:
1268:
175:(ACPA), cybersquatting is registering, trafficking in, or using an
1988:
450:
387:
269:
108:
100:
737:"Total Number of WIPO Domain Name Cases and Domain Names by Year"
1998:
1565:
707:
539:
2021 WIPO's Global Intellectual Property Filing Services
446:
145:
85:
1569:
1386:
1293:"Twitter Verification requirements - how to get the blue check"
454:
124:
Trademark owners in 2021 filed a record 5,128 cases under the
37:) is the practice of registering, trafficking in, or using an
667:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
395:
Swiss Arabian Perfumes Ind. Ltd. v. Nexperian Holding Limited
536:
work. Licensed under CC-BY-4.0. Text taken from
803:"Areas of WIPO Domain Name Complainant Activity (2021)"
406:
Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. v. Bucci
327:
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals v. Doughney
983:"Deutsche Lufthansa AG v Future Media Architects, Inc"
938:. Internet Business News. Oct 17, 2000. Archived from
850:"Kevin Spacey loses pivotal cybersquatting court case"
669:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
1269:"About verified accounts | Twitter Help Center"
214:(formerly known as the National Arbitration Forum).
2119:
2083:
2057:
2011:
1981:
1938:
1882:
1844:
1835:
1764:
1718:
1603:
1532:
1506:
1425:
105:
Areas of WIPO Domain Name Complainant Activity 2021
413:Satyam Infoway Ltd. v. Sifynet Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
485:Efforts to curtail cybersquatting in social media
466:With the rise of social media websites such as
907:"A hit for Jethro Tull in domain name dispute"
1756:Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
1581:
1514:Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
1398:
126:Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
8:
532: This article incorporates text from a
264:. Secondly, if the intention was to use the
1341:
1339:
1841:
1588:
1574:
1566:
1519:Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act
1405:
1391:
1383:
173:Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act
27:Type of intellectual property infringement
1219:"Twitter Support: Name Squatting Policy"
1163:
1161:
1121:World Intellectual Property Organization
1096:World Intellectual Property Organization
1071:World Intellectual Property Organization
1046:World Intellectual Property Organization
834:World Intellectual Property Organization
811:World Intellectual Property Organization
789:World Intellectual Property Organization
745:World Intellectual Property Organization
650:World Intellectual Property Organization
400:Mou Limited v. Nexperian Holding Limited
320:) vs Next Level Productions (Benny Doro)
183:intent to profit from the goodwill of a
130:World Intellectual Property Organization
119:World Intellectual Property Organization
1244:"Twitter Support: Impersonation Policy"
1117:"WIPO Domain Name Decision: D2017-1079"
1092:"WIPO Domain Name Decision: D2017-0872"
1067:"WIPO Domain Name Decision: D2017-0730"
1042:"WIPO Domain Name Decision: D2017-0441"
757:
755:
634:
714:
640:
638:
763:"U.N: Cybersquatting complaints rise"
148:demonstrated its continuing primacy.
7:
245:This resolution was appealed to the
2024:International Trademark Association
646:"WIPO Internet Domain Name Process"
507:acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk
222:In relation to cybersquatting, the
167:law. For example, according to the
2221:Intellectual property infringement
1246:. Help.twitter.com. Archived from
1221:. Help.twitter.com. Archived from
1115:Arbitration and Mediation Center.
1090:Arbitration and Mediation Center.
1065:Arbitration and Mediation Center.
1040:Arbitration and Mediation Center.
960:Arbitration and Mediation Center.
932:"Madonna wins cybersquatting case"
882:Consejo General del Poder Judicial
25:
888:from the original on Apr 25, 2022
373:Nissan Motors vs. Nissan Computer
1709:
1370:
848:McCarthy, Kieren (26 Nov 2001).
769:. March 12, 2007. Archived from
662:
527:
2044:Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt
1930:Protected designation of origin
703:"Administrative Panel Decision"
187:belonging to someone else. The
159:In the United States of America
748:. 10 February 2022. p. 9.
314:Primedia Magazine Finance Inc.
1:
2075:Unregistered trademark symbol
1910:Electronic registration marks
620:, convicted of violating the
140:. Representing 70% of WIPO's
390:v. Nexperian Holding Limited
382:v. Nexperian Holding Limited
380:Van Cleef & Arpels, S.A.
2065:Registered trademark symbol
152:top five filing countries.
53:belonging to someone else.
2237:
2206:Culture jamming techniques
1656:Initial interest confusion
586:about a precedent-setting
445:The personal website of a
355:Microsoft vs. MikeRoweSoft
56:The term is derived from "
45:intent to profit from the
2160:
1707:
1493:Domain name front running
622:Truth in Domain Names Act
558:Domain name front running
440:Accused of cybersquatting
169:United States federal law
1545:"Catchall" typosquatting
1433:Reverse domain hijacking
607:Uniform Resource Locator
258:crime against industrial
142:Generic top-level domain
1925:Geographical indication
1468:Domain name warehousing
1448:Domain name speculation
1347:"Help Center, FACEBOOK"
347:Future Media Architects
2165:Category:Trademark law
2152:World Trademark Review
2137:Trademark infringement
1869:Unregistered trademark
1651:Functionality doctrine
1318:"About profile labels"
721:: CS1 maint: others (
193:Lanham (Trademark) Act
114:
106:
2216:Types of cyberattacks
1900:Collective trademarks
1686:Reputation parasitism
1641:Coexistence agreement
1443:Domain name drop list
588:intellectual property
335:Lamparello v. Falwell
262:intellectual property
224:Spanish Supreme Court
112:
104:
1905:Defensive trademarks
1854:Registered trademark
1751:Community Trade Mark
1701:Well-known trademark
1646:Confusing similarity
1488:IDN homograph attack
1379:at Wikimedia Commons
503:Twitter verification
388:Aviva Brands Limited
177:Internet domain name
39:Internet domain name
2111:Washington Redskins
2070:Service mark symbol
1953:Hologram trademarks
1890:Certification marks
1671:Secondary liability
1661:Good faith doctrine
1550:Wildcard DNS record
1524:PROTECT Act of 2003
1473:Doppelganger domain
837:. 10 February 2022.
814:. 10 February 2022.
791:. 10 February 2022.
290:vs. Denny Hammerton
2201:Domain Name System
2132:Trademark examiner
2127:Trademark attorney
884:. April 25, 2022.
773:on March 21, 2007.
563:Domain Name System
420:Without litigation
115:
107:
69:example, include "
2183:
2182:
2175:WP:MOS/Trademarks
2007:
2006:
1958:Motion trademarks
1948:Colour trademarks
1621:Generic trademark
1563:
1562:
1375:Media related to
1200:. Citmedialaw.org
1175:. Citmedialaw.org
477:On June 5, 2009,
138:COVID-19 pandemic
16:(Redirected from
2228:
1973:Sound trademarks
1968:Shape trademarks
1963:Scent trademarks
1940:Non-conventional
1842:
1746:Singapore Treaty
1731:Madrid Agreement
1726:Paris Convention
1713:
1712:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1567:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1384:
1374:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1322:help.twitter.com
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1297:help.twitter.com
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1018:. Archived from
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
989:. Archived from
979:
973:
972:
970:
969:
957:
951:
950:
948:
947:
928:
922:
921:
919:
918:
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
874:
868:
867:
861:
860:
845:
839:
838:
830:
822:
816:
815:
807:
799:
793:
792:
781:
775:
774:
759:
750:
749:
741:
733:
727:
726:
720:
712:
699:
693:
692:
691:. 30 April 1999.
686:
678:
672:
666:
661:
659:
657:
652:. April 30, 1999
642:
597:Top-level domain
531:
117:Since 1999, the
92:Legal resolution
35:domain squatting
21:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2211:Internet ethics
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2156:
2147:Trademark troll
2142:Trademark share
2115:
2079:
2053:
2003:
1977:
1934:
1895:Chartered marks
1878:
1831:
1760:
1736:Madrid Protocol
1714:
1710:
1705:
1696:Parallel import
1611:Distinctiveness
1599:
1594:
1564:
1559:
1528:
1502:
1478:Type-in traffic
1421:
1411:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1140:Nowicki, Cole.
1139:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1010:
1009:
1005:
996:
994:
993:on Jan 28, 2016
981:
980:
976:
967:
965:
959:
958:
954:
945:
943:
936:AllBusiness.com
930:
929:
925:
916:
914:
911:The Independent
905:
904:
900:
891:
889:
876:
875:
871:
858:
856:
847:
846:
842:
828:
824:
823:
819:
805:
801:
800:
796:
783:
782:
778:
761:
760:
753:
739:
735:
734:
730:
713:
701:
700:
696:
684:
680:
679:
675:
655:
653:
644:
643:
636:
631:
626:
548:
525:
516:
495:
487:
464:
442:
426:The White House
422:
283:
281:With litigation
278:
236:internet domain
220:
161:
99:
94:
66:
33:(also known as
28:
23:
22:
18:Cyber-squatting
15:
12:
11:
5:
2234:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2096:Debian–Mozilla
2093:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1915:Font trademark
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1822:United Kingdom
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1787:European Union
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1691:Cybersquatting
1688:
1683:
1678:
1676:Nominative use
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1636:Priority right
1633:
1631:Concurrent use
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1498:Drop registrar
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1463:Domain tasting
1460:
1458:Domain parking
1455:
1453:Domain sniping
1450:
1445:
1440:
1438:Cybersquatting
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:Cybersquatting
1366:
1365:External links
1363:
1360:
1359:
1349:. Facebook.com
1335:
1309:
1284:
1260:
1235:
1210:
1185:
1157:
1132:
1107:
1082:
1057:
1032:
1003:
974:
952:
923:
898:
869:
840:
817:
794:
776:
751:
728:
694:
673:
633:
632:
630:
627:
625:
624:
618:John Zuccarini
615:
610:
604:
599:
594:
575:
573:Domain tasting
570:
568:Domain sniping
565:
560:
555:
549:
547:
544:
542:, WIPO.
524:
521:
515:
512:
494:
491:
486:
483:
463:
460:
459:
458:
441:
438:
437:
436:
434:Whitehouse.org
430:Whitehouse.com
421:
418:
417:
416:
409:
402:
397:
392:
384:
376:
369:
362:Dennis Toeppen
358:
351:
339:
331:
323:
310:
297:
282:
279:
277:
274:
219:
216:
160:
157:
144:(gTLD) cases,
98:
95:
93:
90:
75:inflated price
65:
62:
31:Cybersquatting
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2233:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:Trademark law
2194:
2193:
2191:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1827:United States
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1681:Disparagement
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1597:Trademark law
1591:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:Typosquatting
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1250:on 2009-07-01
1249:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1225:on 2009-07-01
1224:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1199:
1197:
1189:
1186:
1174:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1022:on 2016-10-01
1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
992:
988:
984:
978:
975:
963:
956:
953:
942:on 2007-02-14
941:
937:
933:
927:
924:
912:
908:
902:
899:
887:
883:
879:
873:
870:
866:
855:
851:
844:
841:
836:
835:
827:
821:
818:
813:
812:
804:
798:
795:
790:
786:
780:
777:
772:
768:
764:
758:
756:
752:
747:
746:
738:
732:
729:
724:
718:
710:
709:
704:
698:
695:
690:
683:
677:
674:
670:
665:
651:
647:
641:
639:
635:
628:
623:
619:
616:
614:
613:Michael Urvan
611:
608:
605:
603:
602:Typosquatting
600:
598:
595:
592:
589:
585:
581:
580:
579:Taubman Sucks
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
545:
543:
541:
540:
535:
530:
522:
520:
513:
511:
508:
504:
499:
492:
490:
484:
482:
480:
479:Tony La Russa
475:
473:
469:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:
423:
419:
415:
414:
410:
408:
407:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
389:
385:
383:
381:
377:
375:
374:
370:
368:
367:
363:
359:
357:
356:
352:
349:
348:
344:
340:
337:
336:
332:
329:
328:
324:
321:
319:
315:
311:
308:
304:
302:
298:
295:
291:
289:
285:
284:
280:
276:Notable cases
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
247:Supreme Court
243:
239:
237:
232:
228:
225:
217:
215:
213:
209:
208:Gary A. Feess
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:United States
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:known as the
170:
166:
158:
156:
153:
149:
147:
143:
139:
133:
131:
127:
122:
120:
111:
103:
97:International
96:
91:
89:
87:
82:
78:
76:
72:
63:
61:
59:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
1883:Non-standard
1859:Service mark
1690:
1437:
1413:Domain name
1351:. Retrieved
1326:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1300:. Retrieved
1296:
1287:
1276:. Retrieved
1263:
1252:. Retrieved
1248:the original
1238:
1227:. Retrieved
1223:the original
1213:
1202:. Retrieved
1195:
1188:
1177:. Retrieved
1170:
1149:. Retrieved
1145:
1135:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1110:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1085:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:
1060:
1049:. Retrieved
1045:
1035:
1024:. Retrieved
1020:the original
1015:
1006:
995:. Retrieved
991:the original
987:Adrforum.com
986:
977:
966:. Retrieved
955:
944:. Retrieved
940:the original
935:
926:
915:. Retrieved
913:. 2000-07-31
910:
901:
890:. Retrieved
881:
872:
863:
857:. Retrieved
854:The Register
853:
843:
832:
820:
809:
797:
779:
771:the original
743:
731:
706:
697:
688:
676:
654:. Retrieved
649:
577:
553:Brandjacking
538:
534:free content
526:
517:
500:
496:
488:
476:
465:
462:Social media
411:
404:
399:
394:
386:
378:
371:
360:
353:
341:
333:
325:
312:
299:
286:
255:
244:
240:
233:
229:
221:
205:
197:Kevin Spacey
162:
154:
150:
134:
128:(UDRP) with
123:
116:
83:
79:
67:
55:
34:
30:
29:
2101:Stolichnaya
1920:Ghost marks
1864:Trade dress
1817:Philippines
1626:Passing off
1540:Domain hack
1415:speculation
1146:The Outline
767:Yahoo! News
584:documentary
288:Jethro Tull
266:domain name
249:through an
136:during the
71:warehousing
64:Terminology
2190:Categories
1353:2013-09-22
1328:13 January
1302:13 January
1278:2016-09-27
1254:2013-09-22
1229:2013-09-22
1204:2013-09-22
1179:2013-09-22
1151:2023-01-26
1126:2017-08-15
1101:2017-08-15
1076:2017-08-15
1051:2017-08-15
1026:2016-09-27
997:2016-09-27
968:2013-09-22
946:2008-07-22
917:2013-09-22
892:2022-05-13
859:2016-09-27
629:References
582:, a short
366:Panavision
318:Tiger Beat
303:vs. Parisi
2170:Case laws
2106:Ugg boots
2091:Budweiser
1792:Hong Kong
1772:Australia
1555:Fast flux
1533:Technical
1324:. Twitter
865:question.
343:Lufthansa
185:trademark
181:bad faith
165:trademark
58:squatting
51:trademark
43:bad faith
41:, with a
2084:Disputes
1874:Wordmark
1846:Standard
1719:Treaties
1666:Fair use
1616:Dilution
1604:Concepts
1016:Finnegan
886:Archived
717:cite web
656:16 March
546:See also
514:Facebook
468:Facebook
428:against
305:, 2000 (
292:, 2000 (
218:In Spain
201:fair use
47:goodwill
2120:Related
2058:Symbols
1982:Related
1802:Ireland
1765:Country
1426:General
1419:parking
1273:Twitter
591:lawsuit
523:Sources
493:Twitter
472:Twitter
301:Madonna
2012:Bodies
1994:Emblem
1777:Canada
964:. WIPO
350:, 2008
338:, 2005
330:, 2001
251:appeal
2039:ICANN
2034:USPTO
2029:EUIPO
1989:Brand
1837:Types
1807:Japan
1797:India
1782:China
1741:TRIPS
1507:Legal
829:(PDF)
806:(PDF)
740:(PDF)
685:(PDF)
609:(URL)
451:Gmail
309:Case)
296:Case)
270:fraud
212:FORUM
179:with
49:of a
2049:CIPO
2019:WIPO
1999:Logo
1812:Oman
1417:and
1330:2023
1304:2023
723:link
708:WIPO
689:WIPO
658:2022
470:and
447:NASA
432:and
307:WIPO
294:WIPO
146:.com
86:WIPO
1196:see
1171:see
455:URL
364:v.
345:v.
260:or
2192::
1338:^
1320:.
1295:.
1271:.
1160:^
1144:.
1119:.
1094:.
1069:.
1044:.
1014:.
985:.
934:.
909:.
880:.
862:.
852:.
831:.
808:.
787:.
765:.
754:^
742:.
719:}}
715:{{
705:.
687:.
648:.
637:^
77:.
1589:e
1582:t
1575:v
1406:e
1399:t
1392:v
1356:.
1332:.
1306:.
1281:.
1257:.
1232:.
1207:.
1194:"
1182:.
1169:"
1154:.
1129:.
1104:.
1079:.
1054:.
1029:.
1000:.
971:.
949:.
920:.
895:.
725:)
671:.
660:.
593:.
322:.
316:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
