1795:
122:
1856:
386:
104:
373:. Fossils have been uncovered in Colorado, California, Maryland, western Nebraska, and Texas. It was likely an omnivore, and lacked the bone-cracking adaptations found in some later borophagines. Newer findings have proved the genus to be described as a large dog-like raccoon, a result from combining characteristics from Canidae with
402:
complete dentition, it was found to have slight differences in the structure of the mouth/jaw area from the species of C. saxatilis. Findings confirmed that the premolars were more reduced, teeth were narrower, canine smaller, and that the jaw was relatively longer and more slender than species C. saxatilis.
419:
A part of a right maxilla (Early
Pliocene age) was located 75 feet above stream on the west side of Turkey Creek in Donely County, Texas. The fossil was obtained by W. W. Dalquest, during June 1960. The principal cusps of the teeth are rounded, suggesting that it was mainly frugivorous. This species
410:
Collected by Erwin H. Barbour and Harold J. Cook, for the same
Nebraska Geological Survey in 1913, as the species C. crucidens was found. This species is also represented by a part of a lower right jaw and is considered to be the smallest that has so far been discovered. It differs from the species
401:
Found by Mr. A. C. Whitford, from the
Department of Geology at The University of Nebraska, and collected for the Nebraska Geological Survey in 1913. This species of Cynarctus is represented by a right lower jaw that was located in beds (Lower Pliocene) in Sioux County, Nebraska. Having an almost
1741:
1840:
1936:
596:
1926:
1728:
1931:
1941:
488:
1897:
1833:
411:
C. saxitilis and C. crucidens, whom have a heavy and broad posterior cinguli, by having a comparatively very weak posterior cingulum.
589:
464:
1826:
420:
differs from C. crucidens as it lacks an accessory cusp between the protocone and paracone of the fourth upper premolar.
1680:
1651:
582:
121:
1890:
1921:
1581:
1794:
1696:
1621:
1571:
1113:
347:
242:
1916:
1767:
1103:
1093:
1946:
1521:
1421:
1267:
1883:
1411:
1257:
1133:
1561:
1496:
1292:
1156:
1123:
528:
116:
1772:
1754:
1746:
1641:
1541:
1531:
1441:
1311:
520:
484:
355:
1867:
1810:
1759:
1471:
1166:
547:
1327:
1176:
732:
681:
443:
574:
1461:
1451:
1431:
1382:
1187:
887:
667:
1910:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1551:
975:
939:
921:
866:
343:
61:
1855:
1232:
1196:
894:
821:
812:
767:
711:
335:
251:
196:
385:
1068:
989:
966:
880:
839:
780:
753:
725:
690:
374:
209:
36:
1719:
1802:
1631:
1483:
1003:
912:
901:
873:
739:
704:
645:
605:
222:
81:
46:
524:
1806:
1347:
1244:
1222:
1048:
1038:
982:
955:
948:
859:
852:
828:
801:
794:
787:
746:
718:
639:
173:
133:
86:
368:
1713:
1508:
1357:
1279:
1212:
1058:
697:
633:
627:
153:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1863:
1733:
1080:
1022:
996:
609:
532:
508:
359:
183:
103:
91:
66:
1337:
1144:
621:
163:
143:
1690:
1394:
1369:
568:
384:
363:
339:
569:
Phylogenetic systematics of the
Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae)
571:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 243:1-391.
1694:
578:
548:"A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, Pliocene, of Texas"
552:
444:"TWO NEW FOSSIL DOGS OF THE GENUS CYNARCTUS FROM NEBRASKA"
1871:
1814:
481:
Dogs, Their Fossil
Relatives and Evolutionary History
1647:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1547:
1537:
1527:
1517:
1492:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1378:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1323:
1288:
1263:
1253:
1228:
1218:
1208:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1034:
764:
678:
663:
1703:
1506:
1481:
1392:
1367:
1310:
1277:
1242:
1195:
1186:
1143:
1078:
1021:
965:
938:
911:
838:
811:
763:
677:
654:
358:of Colorado. It lived during the Middle to Late
567:Wang, X., R.H. Tedford, and B.E. Taylor. 1999.
442:Barbour, Erwin; Cook, Harold (1 January 1914).
546:Hall, E. Raymond; Dalquest, Walter W. (1962).
1891:
1834:
590:
8:
479:Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008).
1898:
1884:
1841:
1827:
1691:
1400:
1316:
1307:
1201:
1192:
1027:
844:
772:
597:
583:
575:
350:in 1901, based from a pair of lower jaws,
102:
20:
429:
7:
1937:Taxa named by William Diller Matthew
1852:
1850:
1791:
1789:
502:
500:
437:
435:
433:
274:"C, acridens", Barbour and Cook 1914
1870:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1813:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
283:"C. fortidens", Hall "et al." 1962
14:
346:. The genus was first founded by
1927:Miocene mammals of North America
1854:
1793:
448:Conservation and Survey Division
120:
1:
1932:Prehistoric carnivoran genera
366:, existing for approximately
321:, Jasinski & Wallace 2015
1942:Prehistoric carnivoran stubs
334:is an extinct genus of the
32:Middle Miocene–Late Miocene
16:Extinct genus of carnivores
1963:
1849:
1788:
1677:
1403:
1319:
1204:
1030:
847:
775:
616:
271:
266:
257:
250:
117:Scientific classification
115:
110:
101:
23:
1801:This article related to
507:McGrew, Paul O. (1937).
483:. Columbia. p. 34.
513:Journal of Paleontology
465:Paleobiology Database:
280:, Barbour and Cook 1914
608:members of the family
393:
1768:Paleobiology Database
509:"The Genus Cynarctus"
388:
1383:C. alpinus europaeus
352:Cynarctus saxitilis,
1805:animals from order
1622:C. l. mogollonensis
415:Cynarctus fortidens
397:Cynarctus crucidens
260:Cynarctus saxatilis
1632:C. l. monstrabilis
406:Cynarctus acridens
394:
1879:
1878:
1822:
1821:
1783:
1782:
1755:Open Tree of Life
1697:Taxon identifiers
1688:
1687:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1592:C. l. griseoalbus
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
490:978-0-231-13528-3
356:Pawnee Creek Beds
327:
326:
246:
1954:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1797:
1790:
1776:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1737:
1736:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1692:
1649:
1639:
1629:
1619:
1612:C. l. hodophilax
1609:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1562:C. l. floridanus
1559:
1552:C. l. cristaldii
1549:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1494:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1419:
1412:C. apolloniensis
1409:
1401:
1380:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1317:
1308:
1290:
1265:
1255:
1230:
1220:
1210:
1202:
1193:
1174:
1164:
1154:
1131:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1028:
845:
773:
766:
680:
665:
599:
592:
585:
576:
560:
559:
543:
537:
536:
504:
495:
494:
476:
470:
462:
456:
455:
439:
372:
241:
234:
221:
208:
195:
125:
124:
111:Cynarctus Skull
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1848:
1847:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1699:
1689:
1684:
1657:
1532:C. l. beothucus
1502:
1477:
1388:
1363:
1298:
1273:
1268:L. ensenadensis
1238:
1182:
1139:
1114:U. minicephalus
1074:
1009:
961:
934:
907:
834:
807:
759:
733:Paraenhydrocyon
682:Hesperocyoninae
673:
650:
612:
603:
564:
563:
545:
544:
540:
506:
505:
498:
491:
478:
477:
473:
463:
459:
441:
440:
431:
426:
417:
408:
399:
383:
367:
262:
240:
232:
219:
206:
193:
119:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1960:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:Miocene canids
1919:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1859:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1798:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1582:C. l. gregoryi
1575:
1565:
1555:
1545:
1542:C. l. bernardi
1535:
1525:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1442:C. cedazoensis
1435:
1425:
1422:C. armbrusteri
1415:
1404:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1320:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1261:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1205:
1199:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1157:V. qiuzhudingi
1149:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1097:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1042:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
971:
969:
963:
962:
960:
959:
952:
944:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
925:
917:
915:
909:
908:
906:
905:
898:
891:
888:Microtomarctus
884:
877:
870:
863:
856:
848:
842:
836:
835:
833:
832:
825:
817:
815:
809:
808:
806:
805:
798:
791:
784:
776:
770:
761:
760:
758:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
686:
684:
675:
674:
672:
671:
668:Prohesperocyon
660:
658:
656:incertae sedis
652:
651:
649:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
617:
614:
613:
604:
602:
601:
594:
587:
579:
573:
572:
562:
561:
538:
519:(5): 444–449.
496:
489:
471:
457:
428:
427:
425:
422:
416:
413:
407:
404:
398:
395:
382:
379:
325:
324:
323:
322:
316:
306:
305:, Matthew 1902
300:
297:C. marylandica
294:
284:
281:
275:
269:
268:
264:
263:
255:
254:
248:
247:
230:
226:
225:
217:
213:
212:
204:
200:
199:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
113:
112:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1959:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1866:article is a
1865:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1642:C. l. nubilus
1636:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1497:C. l. orcutti
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1472:C. lepophagus
1466:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1258:L. cultridens
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1124:U. progressus
1118:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
998:
994:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:
980:
978:
977:
976:Paratomarctus
973:
972:
970:
968:
964:
958:
957:
953:
951:
950:
946:
945:
943:
941:
940:Aelurodontina
937:
931:
930:
926:
924:
923:
922:Paracynarctus
919:
918:
916:
914:
910:
904:
903:
899:
897:
896:
892:
890:
889:
885:
883:
882:
878:
876:
875:
871:
869:
868:
867:Metatomarctus
864:
862:
861:
857:
855:
854:
850:
849:
846:
843:
841:
837:
831:
830:
826:
824:
823:
819:
818:
816:
814:
810:
804:
803:
799:
797:
796:
792:
790:
789:
785:
783:
782:
778:
777:
774:
771:
769:
762:
756:
755:
751:
749:
748:
744:
742:
741:
737:
735:
734:
730:
728:
727:
723:
721:
720:
716:
714:
713:
709:
707:
706:
702:
700:
699:
695:
693:
692:
688:
687:
685:
683:
676:
670:
669:
662:
661:
659:
657:
653:
647:
643:
641:
637:
635:
631:
629:
625:
623:
619:
618:
615:
611:
607:
600:
595:
593:
588:
586:
581:
580:
577:
570:
566:
565:
557:
553:
549:
542:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
503:
501:
497:
492:
486:
482:
475:
472:
469:
468:
461:
458:
453:
449:
445:
438:
436:
434:
430:
423:
421:
414:
412:
405:
403:
396:
391:
387:
380:
378:
376:
371:million years
370:
365:
361:
357:
354:found in the
353:
349:
348:W. D. Matthew
345:
344:North America
341:
338:subfamily of
337:
333:
332:
320:
317:
314:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
272:
270:
265:
261:
256:
253:
249:
244:
239:
238:
231:
228:
227:
224:
218:
215:
214:
211:
205:
202:
201:
198:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
123:
118:
114:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1917:Borophagines
1872:expanding it
1861:
1815:expanding it
1800:
1785:
1704:
1679:
1652:C. l. youngi
1650:
1640:
1630:
1620:
1610:
1602:C. l. hattai
1600:
1590:
1580:
1572:C. l. fuscus
1570:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1507:
1495:
1482:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1393:
1381:
1368:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1293:S. pacivorus
1291:
1278:
1266:
1256:
1243:
1233:Theriodictis
1231:
1221:
1211:
1197:Cerdocyonina
1175:
1167:V. riffautae
1165:
1155:
1132:
1122:
1112:
1102:
1092:
1079:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
954:
947:
928:
927:
920:
900:
895:Protomarctus
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
827:
822:Cynarctoides
820:
813:Phlaocyonini
800:
793:
786:
779:
768:Borophaginae
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
712:Sunkahetanka
710:
703:
696:
689:
666:
655:
555:
551:
541:
516:
512:
480:
474:
466:
460:
451:
447:
418:
409:
400:
389:
351:
336:Borophaginae
330:
329:
328:
318:
312:
309:C. voorhiesi
308:
303:C. saxatilis
302:
299:, Berry 1938
296:
290:
286:
278:C. crucidens
277:
259:
252:Type species
236:
235:
197:Borophaginae
24:
18:
1947:Canid stubs
1803:prehistoric
1522:C. l. alces
1462:C. etruscus
1452:C. edwardii
1432:C. arnensis
1328:Cynotherium
1177:V. skinneri
1104:U. galushai
1094:U. citrinus
1069:Prototocyon
990:Protepicyon
967:Borophagina
881:Psalidocyon
840:Borophagini
781:Archaeocyon
754:Ectopocynus
726:Enhydrocyon
691:Hesperocyon
390:C. galushai
375:Procyonidae
287:C. galushai
210:Borophagini
190:Subfamily:
1911:Categories
1484:C. latrans
1004:Borophagus
913:Cynarctina
902:Tephrocyon
874:Euoplocyon
740:Osbornodon
705:Cynodesmus
646:Caniformia
644:Suborder:
558:: 135–138.
424:References
362:16.0—10.3
342:native to
223:Cynarctina
216:Subtribe:
1807:Carnivora
1705:Cynarctus
1245:Lycalopex
1223:Protocyon
1049:Metalopex
1039:Leptocyon
983:Carpocyon
956:Aelurodon
949:Tomarctus
929:Cynarctus
860:Desmocyon
853:Cormocyon
829:Phlaocyon
802:Rhizocyon
795:Otarocyon
788:Oxetocyon
747:Caedocyon
719:Philotrox
640:Carnivora
620:Kingdom:
525:0022-3360
331:Cynarctus
237:Cynarctus
174:Carnivora
140:Kingdom:
134:Eukaryota
25:Cynarctus
1720:Q3699884
1714:Wikidata
1681:Category
1509:C. lupus
1358:Xenocyon
1348:Aenocyon
1280:Speothos
1213:Dusicyon
1134:U. webbi
1059:Nurocyon
698:Mesocyon
634:Mammalia
628:Chordata
626:Phylum:
622:Animalia
467:Cynartus
319:C. wangi
267:Species
180:Family:
164:Mammalia
154:Chordata
150:Phylum:
144:Animalia
130:Domain:
1760:3612534
1747:1279284
1734:4833489
1081:Urocyon
1023:Caninae
997:Epicyon
638:Order:
632:Class:
610:Canidae
606:Extinct
533:1298460
381:Species
360:Miocene
311:, Wang
289:, Wang
243:Matthew
229:Genus:
203:Tribe:
184:Canidae
170:Order:
160:Class:
1338:Eucyon
1312:Canina
1188:Canini
1145:Vulpes
531:
523:
487:
340:canids
313:wt al.
291:et al.
245:, 1902
1864:canid
1862:This
1809:is a
1773:41206
1742:IRMNG
1395:Canis
529:JSTOR
392:skull
1868:stub
1811:stub
1729:GBIF
1370:Cuon
521:ISSN
485:ISBN
315:1999
293:1999
37:PreꞒ
369:5.7
364:mya
1913::
1770::
1757::
1744::
1731::
1716::
556:14
554:.
550:.
527:.
517:11
515:.
511:.
499:^
450:.
446:.
432:^
377:.
87:Pg
1899:e
1892:t
1885:v
1874:.
1842:e
1835:t
1828:v
1817:.
1648:†
1638:†
1628:†
1618:†
1608:†
1598:†
1588:†
1578:†
1568:†
1558:†
1548:†
1538:†
1528:†
1518:†
1493:†
1468:†
1458:†
1448:†
1438:†
1428:†
1418:†
1408:†
1379:†
1354:†
1344:†
1334:†
1324:†
1289:†
1264:†
1254:†
1229:†
1219:†
1209:†
1173:†
1163:†
1153:†
1130:†
1120:†
1110:†
1100:†
1090:†
1065:†
1055:†
1045:†
1035:†
765:†
679:†
664:†
598:e
591:t
584:v
535:.
493:.
454:.
452:4
258:†
233:†
220:†
207:†
194:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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