1750:
136:
1811:
115:
266:
319:. Seven species are currently recognised, all of which are estimated to have weighed no more than 1 kilogram (2.2 lb). They had an unusual dentition that implies an omnivorous, or possibly even herbivorous, diet.
515:
Martin, L.D. 1989. Fossil history of the terrestrial carnivora. Pages 536 - 568 in J.L. Gittleman, editor. Carnivore
Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, Vol. 1. Comstock Publishing Associates: Ithaca.
453:
518:
Tedford, R.H. 1978. History of dogs and cats: A view from the fossil record. Pages 1 โ 10 in
Nutrition and Management of Dogs and Cats. Ralston Purina Co.: St. Louis.
1696:
1795:
1886:
551:
1683:
1891:
1896:
501:
1852:
1788:
544:
521:
468:
1781:
1635:
1606:
537:
135:
1876:
1845:
1881:
1536:
1749:
1651:
1576:
1526:
1068:
1871:
1722:
1058:
1048:
1901:
1476:
1376:
1222:
431:
migrated to the east and southeast over time becoming extinct in the northwest followed by the upper
1838:
1366:
1212:
1088:
1516:
1451:
1247:
1111:
1078:
130:
243:
1727:
1709:
1701:
1596:
1496:
1486:
1396:
1266:
497:
1822:
1765:
1714:
1426:
1121:
1282:
1131:
687:
636:
301:
529:
1416:
1406:
1386:
1337:
1142:
842:
622:
305:
1865:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1506:
930:
894:
876:
821:
297:
72:
1810:
1187:
1151:
849:
767:
722:
666:
432:
416:
392:
289:
223:
210:
17:
265:
1023:
944:
921:
835:
794:
735:
708:
680:
645:
47:
1674:
1757:
1586:
1438:
958:
867:
856:
828:
694:
659:
600:
560:
344:
340:
92:
57:
1761:
1302:
1199:
1177:
1003:
993:
937:
910:
903:
883:
814:
807:
783:
756:
749:
742:
701:
673:
594:
187:
147:
97:
314:
114:
1668:
1463:
1312:
1234:
1167:
1013:
652:
588:
582:
420:
362:
167:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
1818:
1688:
1035:
977:
951:
564:
396:
336:
197:
102:
77:
1292:
1099:
576:
388:
177:
157:
1645:
1349:
1324:
348:
309:
293:
1649:
533:
452:
Wang, Xiaoming; Richard
Tedford; Beryl Taylor (1999-11-17).
125:
fossil, University of
California Museum of Paleontology.
1826:
1769:
494:
Dogs, Their Fossil
Relatives and Evolutionary History
1602:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1447:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1333:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1243:
1218:
1208:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1019:
1009:
999:
989:
719:
633:
618:
1658:
1461:
1436:
1347:
1322:
1265:
1232:
1197:
1150:
1141:
1098:
1033:
976:
920:
893:
866:
793:
766:
718:
632:
609:
461:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
454:"Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae"
1846:
1789:
545:
8:
492:Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008).
1853:
1839:
1796:
1782:
1646:
1355:
1271:
1262:
1156:
1147:
982:
799:
727:
552:
538:
530:
264:
113:
31:
444:
7:
1887:Prehistoric mammals of North America
1807:
1805:
1746:
1744:
381:Loomis 1932 - Wyoming ~24.8โ20.6 Ma
1825:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1768:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
25:
1809:
1748:
134:
427:Fossil evidence suggests that
375:1999 - New Mexico ~20.3โ5.3 Ma
331:Barbour & Cook 1914 (syn.
1:
1892:Prehistoric carnivoran genera
312:, existing for approximately
1897:Prehistoric carnivoran stubs
409:1999 - Wyoming ~24.8โ20.6 M
288:is an extinct genus of the
27:Extinct genus of carnivores
1918:
1804:
1743:
1632:
1358:
1274:
1159:
985:
802:
730:
571:
272:
263:
256:
251:
131:Scientific classification
129:
121:
112:
34:
1756:This article related to
496:. Columbia. p. 38.
435:and then the southeast.
43:OligoceneโMiddle Miocene
277:based on fossil record
563:members of the family
403:Cynarctoides luskensis
1723:Paleobiology Database
329:Cynarctoides acridens
1338:C. alpinus europaeus
379:Cynarctoides harlowi
333:Cynarctus mustelinus
300:. It lived from the
1760:animals from order
1577:C. l. mogollonensis
369:Cynarctoides gawnae
18:Cynarctoides gawnae
1587:C. l. monstrabilis
385:Cynarctoides lemur
355:Cynarctoides emryi
123:Cynarctoides lemur
1834:
1833:
1777:
1776:
1738:
1737:
1710:Open Tree of Life
1652:Taxon identifiers
1643:
1642:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1547:C. l. griseoalbus
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
972:
971:
968:
967:
503:978-0-231-13528-3
415:Macdonald 1963 -
413:Cynarctoides roii
281:
280:
247:
16:(Redirected from
1909:
1877:Oligocene canids
1855:
1848:
1841:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1752:
1745:
1731:
1730:
1718:
1717:
1705:
1704:
1692:
1691:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1647:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1567:C. l. hodophilax
1564:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1517:C. l. floridanus
1514:
1507:C. l. cristaldii
1504:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1449:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1367:C. apolloniensis
1364:
1356:
1335:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1272:
1263:
1245:
1220:
1210:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1157:
1148:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1021:
1011:
1001:
991:
983:
800:
728:
721:
635:
620:
554:
547:
540:
531:
508:
507:
489:
483:
482:
480:
479:
473:
467:. Archived from
458:
449:
318:
268:
242:
235:
222:
209:
139:
138:
117:
107:
44:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1803:
1802:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1654:
1644:
1639:
1612:
1487:C. l. beothucus
1457:
1432:
1343:
1318:
1253:
1228:
1223:L. ensenadensis
1193:
1137:
1094:
1069:U. minicephalus
1029:
964:
916:
889:
862:
789:
762:
714:
688:Paraenhydrocyon
637:Hesperocyoninae
628:
605:
567:
558:
522:Fossilworks -
512:
511:
504:
491:
490:
486:
477:
475:
471:
456:
451:
450:
446:
441:
351:, ~20.6โ16.3 Ma
325:
313:
302:Early Oligocene
241:
233:
220:
207:
133:
108:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1915:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1882:Miocene canids
1879:
1874:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1814:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1753:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1719:
1706:
1693:
1680:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1537:C. l. gregoryi
1530:
1520:
1510:
1500:
1497:C. l. bernardi
1490:
1480:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1397:C. cedazoensis
1390:
1380:
1377:C. armbrusteri
1370:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1275:
1269:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1240:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1216:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1160:
1154:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1112:V. qiuzhudingi
1104:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1041:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1007:
997:
986:
980:
974:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
963:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
926:
924:
918:
917:
915:
914:
907:
899:
897:
891:
890:
888:
887:
880:
872:
870:
864:
863:
861:
860:
853:
846:
843:Microtomarctus
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
803:
797:
791:
790:
788:
787:
780:
772:
770:
764:
763:
761:
760:
753:
746:
739:
731:
725:
716:
715:
713:
712:
705:
698:
691:
684:
677:
670:
663:
656:
649:
641:
639:
630:
629:
627:
626:
623:Prohesperocyon
615:
613:
611:incertae sedis
607:
606:
604:
603:
597:
591:
585:
579:
572:
569:
568:
559:
557:
556:
549:
542:
534:
528:
527:
519:
516:
510:
509:
502:
484:
443:
442:
440:
437:
425:
424:
410:
400:
382:
376:
366:
352:
324:
321:
306:Middle Miocene
279:
278:
270:
269:
261:
260:
254:
253:
249:
248:
231:
227:
226:
218:
214:
213:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
119:
118:
110:
109:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1914:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1821:article is a
1820:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1597:C. l. nubilus
1591:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1452:C. l. orcutti
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1427:C. lepophagus
1421:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1213:L. cultridens
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1079:U. progressus
1073:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1005:
998:
996:
995:
988:
987:
984:
981:
979:
975:
961:
960:
956:
954:
953:
949:
947:
946:
942:
940:
939:
935:
933:
932:
931:Paratomarctus
928:
927:
925:
923:
919:
913:
912:
908:
906:
905:
901:
900:
898:
896:
895:Aelurodontina
892:
886:
885:
881:
879:
878:
877:Paracynarctus
874:
873:
871:
869:
865:
859:
858:
854:
852:
851:
847:
845:
844:
840:
838:
837:
833:
831:
830:
826:
824:
823:
822:Metatomarctus
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
804:
801:
798:
796:
792:
786:
785:
781:
779:
778:
774:
773:
771:
769:
765:
759:
758:
754:
752:
751:
747:
745:
744:
740:
738:
737:
733:
732:
729:
726:
724:
717:
711:
710:
706:
704:
703:
699:
697:
696:
692:
690:
689:
685:
683:
682:
678:
676:
675:
671:
669:
668:
664:
662:
661:
657:
655:
654:
650:
648:
647:
643:
642:
640:
638:
631:
625:
624:
617:
616:
614:
612:
608:
602:
598:
596:
592:
590:
586:
584:
580:
578:
574:
573:
570:
566:
562:
555:
550:
548:
543:
541:
536:
535:
532:
526:
525:
520:
517:
514:
513:
505:
499:
495:
488:
485:
474:on 2007-03-20
470:
466:
462:
455:
448:
445:
438:
436:
434:
430:
423:~30.8โ26.3 Ma
422:
418:
414:
411:
408:
404:
401:
399:~24.8โ20.6 Ma
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
370:
367:
365:~20.6โ16.3 Ma
364:
360:
356:
353:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:
326:
322:
320:
317:million years
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:North America
295:
292:subfamily of
291:
287:
286:
276:
271:
267:
262:
259:
255:
250:
245:
240:
239:
232:
229:
228:
225:
219:
216:
215:
212:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1872:Borophagines
1827:expanding it
1816:
1770:expanding it
1755:
1740:
1660:Cynarctoides
1659:
1634:
1607:C. l. youngi
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1557:C. l. hattai
1555:
1545:
1535:
1527:C. l. fuscus
1525:
1515:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1475:
1462:
1450:
1437:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1365:
1348:
1336:
1323:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1281:
1248:S. pacivorus
1246:
1233:
1221:
1211:
1198:
1188:Theriodictis
1186:
1176:
1166:
1152:Cerdocyonina
1130:
1122:V. riffautae
1120:
1110:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1034:
1022:
1012:
1002:
992:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
909:
902:
882:
875:
855:
850:Protomarctus
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
782:
777:Cynarctoides
776:
775:
768:Phlaocyonini
755:
748:
741:
734:
723:Borophaginae
707:
700:
693:
686:
679:
672:
667:Sunkahetanka
665:
658:
651:
644:
621:
610:
524:Cynarctoides
523:
493:
487:
476:. Retrieved
469:the original
464:
460:
447:
433:Great Plains
428:
426:
417:South Dakota
412:
406:
402:
393:South Dakota
387:Cope 1879 -
384:
378:
372:
368:
358:
354:
332:
328:
308:, 33.3โ13.6
290:Borophaginae
285:Cynarctoides
284:
283:
282:
275:Cynarctoides
274:
257:
238:Cynarctoides
237:
236:
224:Phlaocyonini
211:Borophaginae
122:
36:Cynarctoides
35:
29:
1902:Canid stubs
1758:prehistoric
1477:C. l. alces
1417:C. etruscus
1407:C. edwardii
1387:C. arnensis
1283:Cynotherium
1132:V. skinneri
1059:U. galushai
1049:U. citrinus
1024:Prototocyon
945:Protepicyon
922:Borophagina
836:Psalidocyon
795:Borophagini
736:Archaeocyon
709:Ectopocynus
681:Enhydrocyon
646:Hesperocyon
204:Subfamily:
1866:Categories
1439:C. latrans
959:Borophagus
868:Cynarctina
857:Tephrocyon
829:Euoplocyon
695:Osbornodon
660:Cynodesmus
601:Caniformia
599:Suborder:
478:2007-07-08
439:References
345:New Mexico
341:California
296:native to
1762:Carnivora
1200:Lycalopex
1178:Protocyon
1004:Metalopex
994:Leptocyon
938:Carpocyon
911:Aelurodon
904:Tomarctus
884:Cynarctus
815:Desmocyon
808:Cormocyon
784:Phlaocyon
757:Rhizocyon
750:Otarocyon
743:Oxetocyon
702:Caedocyon
674:Philotrox
595:Carnivora
575:Kingdom:
273:Range of
258:See text
188:Carnivora
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
1675:Q3699883
1669:Wikidata
1636:Category
1464:C. lupus
1313:Xenocyon
1303:Aenocyon
1235:Speothos
1168:Dusicyon
1089:U. webbi
1014:Nurocyon
653:Mesocyon
589:Mammalia
583:Chordata
581:Phylum:
577:Animalia
429:C. lemur
421:Nebraska
363:Nebraska
252:Species
194:Family:
178:Mammalia
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
1715:3612522
1702:1304397
1689:4833531
1036:Urocyon
978:Caninae
952:Epicyon
593:Order:
587:Class:
565:Canidae
561:Extinct
397:Florida
361:1999 -
337:Wyoming
323:Species
304:to the
230:Genus:
217:Tribe:
198:Canidae
184:Order:
174:Class:
1293:Eucyon
1267:Canina
1143:Canini
1100:Vulpes
500:
407:et al.
389:Oregon
373:et al.
359:et al.
294:canids
246:, 1938
244:McGrew
1819:canid
1817:This
1764:is a
1728:41205
1697:IRMNG
1350:Canis
472:(PDF)
457:(PDF)
405:Wang
371:Wang
357:Wang
349:Texas
1823:stub
1766:stub
1684:GBIF
1325:Cuon
498:ISBN
335:) -
315:19.7
48:Pre๊
465:243
310:Mya
1868::
1725::
1712::
1699::
1686::
1671::
463:.
459:.
419:,
395:,
391:,
347:,
343:,
339:,
98:Pg
1854:e
1847:t
1840:v
1829:.
1797:e
1790:t
1783:v
1772:.
1603:โ
1593:โ
1583:โ
1573:โ
1563:โ
1553:โ
1543:โ
1533:โ
1523:โ
1513:โ
1503:โ
1493:โ
1483:โ
1473:โ
1448:โ
1423:โ
1413:โ
1403:โ
1393:โ
1383:โ
1373:โ
1363:โ
1334:โ
1309:โ
1299:โ
1289:โ
1279:โ
1244:โ
1219:โ
1209:โ
1184:โ
1174:โ
1164:โ
1128:โ
1118:โ
1108:โ
1085:โ
1075:โ
1065:โ
1055:โ
1045:โ
1020:โ
1010:โ
1000:โ
990:โ
720:โ
634:โ
619:โ
553:e
546:t
539:v
506:.
481:.
234:โ
221:โ
208:โ
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:๊
20:)
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