848:
636:
constructed so as to give an impression of timelessness and universality. Details of contemporary "relevance" yielding specific clues as to time, place, and people (like Kirill's admonition of
Feodorek – Bishop Fedor of Rostov called so in depreciation) are rare and skillfully disguised. Kirill-the author identifies himself as a humble monk (following the tradition of humility topos) who fades before the ultimate author and authority of God. Here is an example of Kyrill's humility topos taken from "A Tale of a layman, and on monasticism, and on the soul, and on repentance"; by the most sinful monk Kirill, for Vasilij, abbot of the Caves: "(52) And me: I beg you, do not spurn me like a dog, but remember me even here in your prayers, and there throw me scraps from that holy table, and may all Christians be judged worthy of that life, through
542:. Usually he is thought to have died in 1182. According to an alternative line of thought, he became a bishop after 1182, remaining a monk throughout the period of the 1160s and 1170s. Even the dates of Kirill's life and work are debated. The dates 1130-1182 had been commonly accepted but among notable scholars, Simon Franklin vigorously disputes them. Kirill's title the Bishop of Turov is usually agreed to be a later invention arising out of a desire to designate an appropriately high status to the author of extremely popular and influential words. Even though Kirill came to be known as the Bishop of Turov his works deal most extensively with a theme of
725:, and the chronicler George the monk (George Hamartolus). As Ingunn Lunde points out, Kirill's technique of quotations is based on the convention of the epideictic discourse where the establishment of verbal correspondences and parallels through emphasis and amplification serve to invocation of the authority of the sacred texts. "What is essential is the recognition of certain layer of sacred texts or voice in the orators' discourse". If we accept the conventional attributions of works to Kyrill of Turov, he can be justly named the most prolific extant writer of Kievan Rus'.
824:
559:
designation occurs, it tends to be just one of several variant readings), the headings in 'his' manuscripts include "Kirill the monk," "Kirill the philosopher," "Saint Kirill," "The
Blessed father Kirill," "the blessed monk Kirill," "Kirill the unworthy monk," "the venerable Kirill." Given this variety of labels, 'Kirill's' texts invite several candidates for being their more likely authors (writers whose existence has been substantiated with historical facts). Hypothetically, each work can be allocated to one of several real Kirills and Cyrils:
685:"played the game according to received rules". The Byzantines also valued the stability of form and expression-the impression of timelessness. Consequently, in creating their native tradition, Kievan writers drew on the "tradition one of whose higher aesthetic virtues was traditionalism itself". As Franklin sees it, Kirill's "self-imposed task was to perpetuate a tradition, not to change or modernize it; to become authoritative by following authority rather than by challenging it".
836:
592:
84:
186:
43:
583:(1223–1233); Metropolitan Kirill II of Kiev (1243–1290); Bishop Kirill of Rostov (1231–1262); Kirill of Turov. There are also numerous Kirills who may have been active but were not recorded by chroniclers and hagiographers. Matters are further complicated by the fact, that these labels appear to have been used interchangeably as Simon Franklin points out.
248:
603:, monastic commentaries, some letters, and a cycle of prayers, other hymnological texts, several versions of a penitential Prayer Canon, a Canon of Olga and an abecedarian prayer. These works constitute what came to be known as Corpus Cyrillianium (which at its core has only eleven works which are agreed by the majority to be by Kirill of Turov.)
631:
determine the original wording of his prayers. The attempt to establish a canon of his liturgical works may ultimately be vain: what we have to deal with is not necessarily the recognizable oeuvre of one man, but rather a devotional tradition, a profoundly penitential spirituality which was cultivated among the
510:(continuing through the 17th century). The question of Kirill's heritage is problematic to some degree. First of all, there is the problem with the historically verifiable existence of Kirill of Turov; the questions as to whether he ever existed and who he might have been have not been answered definitively.
688:
Kirill's works are not original in form because they closely follow the
Byzantine style. In content it relies heavily on quotes from the Holy Texts. Kirill's texts are characterized by their extreme citationality. Simon Franklin in his most current English translation of the sermons numbers about 370
505:
comparing the melting of ice in the spring and Thomas's dissolving doubts about Christ's resurrection: "Ныне зима греховнаа покаянием престала есть и лед невериа богоразумием растаяся... лед же Фомина невериа показанием Христов ребр растаяся." It is often emphasized that Kirill was an accomplished
684:
genres are among the 'purest' versions of the rhetorical tradition inherited from
Byzantium, relatively uncontaminated in language and structure," as Franklin affirms. These genres within the tradition of Christian rhetoric became Kievan elite culture, eagerly imitated by Rus' medieval authors who
630:
As a scholar of Kyrill, C.M. MacRobert summarizes the state of scholarship: "Even if further early copies of the texts attributed to Kirill of Turov come to light, it may well not be possible to reconstruct his kanon in the form in which he wrote it—supposing that he did write it—or to
635:
during the medieval period and taken up by other
Orthodox Slavs under the pressure of social and political vicissitudes." Another problem that complicates any precise attribution is the traditionalism of the Corpus Cyrillianum and the genre itself. The Kirillic genres themselves are deliberately
558:
Generally, Kirill's autographs are not available and the manuscript sources are separated from the assumed time of composition by centuries. The medieval habit of anonymity and pseudonymity further complicates the process of attribution. Apart from the very rare "Kirill of Turov" (even when this
496:
style of writing. He had an excellent command of Greek and his literary achievements surpass those of any other
Russian man of letters of that era ... Of all his works, Cyril's sermon with the triumphant description of spring as the symbol of the Resurrection was the most popular." Indeed, this
847:
484:
For centuries Cyril of Turov enjoyed considerable prestige as a writer; his works were continuously copied and imitated. According to
Zenkovsky's assessment of Cyril's heritage: "Cyril, Bishop of Turov, was probably the most accomplished master of
610:
sources, there are 23 prayers attributed to Kirill, as well as an additional nine unattributed prayers that are regularly copied together as a group. The prayers form a seven-day liturgical cycle. His homilies are also a cycle based on the
783:
652:, and concerning Thomas's resting of the Lord's ribs: "(1) The Church requires a great teacher and a wise interpreter to adorn the feast. But we are poor in word and dim in mind, and we lack the fire of the
1114:. Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature. English Translations. Vol. V. Cambridge, MA: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University.
1356:
530:, the son of wealthy parents. He was characterized by extreme piety at a young age and he entered a monastery still a young man. In the monastery he was respected for his
1321:
656:
to compose words to benefit the soul. Yet, for the love of the brethren that are with me, I shall say a few words concerning the renewal of the resurrection of
1293:Кирилл Туровский. . || По изд.: Мельнікаў А.А. Кірыл, епіскап Тураўскі. Жыццё, спадчына, светапогляд. 2-е выд., Мн., 2000. - Эл. версия: О.Лицкевич, 2002-2003.
823:
518:
Biographic details are scant and because none come from sources contemporary with Kirill, many are debated. All we have in terms of his biography is a short
1341:
522:
Life: Life of Kirill of Turov (28 April) which was written no earlier than the mid-13th century. This terse formulaic composition draws heavily on the
1316:
689:
biblical quotation and allusions. Further textual sources for almost all of Kirill's works are also identified. They are works by early
Christian and
813:
802:
1336:
1138:
473:
368:
835:
599:
Questions of authorship notwithstanding, a remarkable corpus of works in different genres has been attributed to Kirill of Turov: festal
538:
of Turov in the 1160s. With the support of the
Metropolitan in 1169 he became involved in deposing Fedor, who occupied the bishopric of
323:
1252:
1211:
1176:
1157:
1119:
298:
229:
167:
70:
196:
1331:
791:
356:
101:
56:
148:
895:
105:
120:
1346:
1284:
258:
127:
211:
1272:
1326:
768:
757:
746:
572:
410:
207:
94:
134:
539:
384:
1351:
644:, now and ever." And another one from: A Sermon for Low Sunday by the unworthy monk Kirill in praise of the
486:
469:
449:
430:
352:
116:
457:
1311:
1306:
706:
702:
669:
568:
62:
1171:. Slavica Bergensia. Vol. 2. Bergen: Department of Russian Studies, IKRR University of Bergen.
1152:. Slavica Bergensia. Vol. 2. Bergen: Department of Russian Studies, IKRR University of Bergen.
776:
714:
694:
649:
576:
564:
401:
560:
363:
546:. It is often emphasized that Kirill's points of reference are located within the walls of the
1248:
1172:
1153:
1134:
1115:
591:
501:
is one of his best known works in which he creates some of his more compelling images like a
141:
1220:
1206:
1202:
1186:
690:
672:
tradition which came to Rus' from
Byzantium via Slavonic translations originating mainly in
606:
This is a 19th-century consensus which is generally assumed but continuously questioned. In
493:
421:
1288:
1276:
718:
698:
612:
874:
527:
453:
853:
Church of St Cyril of Turau and All the Patron Saints of the Belarusian People, London
526:
conventions and yields very few historical details. He was born in a thriving town of
1300:
1241:
1131:
Verbal Celebrations: Kirill of Turov's Homiletic Rhetoric and its Byzantine Sources
764:
645:
534:
and his learned interpretation of biblical texts. He is said to be the consecrated
899:
653:
641:
616:
543:
523:
83:
1224:
784:
Church of St Cyril of Turau and All the Patron Saints of the Belarusian People
677:
632:
607:
531:
519:
507:
17:
1167:
MacRobert, C. M. (2000). "In Search of a Canon". In Ingunn Lunde (ed.).
1281:
620:
547:
465:
322:
1133:. Slavistische Veröffentlichungen. Vol. 86. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
775:
Besides that, several notable Orthodox and Greek Catholic churches of the
1269:
1083:
1072:
798:
710:
681:
673:
624:
489:
733:
There are several Belarusian Orthodox churches named after St. Cyril in
809:
734:
461:
787:
657:
600:
535:
502:
498:
441:
214:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
753:
742:
722:
637:
590:
445:
31:
741:
Church of the Holy Bishop Cyril of Turov at the Cathedral House (
1094:
580:
1189:, Alexander (1968). "Spiritual writings of St Cyril of Turaŭ".
752:
Cathedral of St. Bishops Cyril of Turov and Lawrence of Turov (
241:
179:
77:
36:
395:
1084:Кафедральный собор святителей Кирилла и Лаврентия Туровских
506:
author who exerted influence on subsequent generations of
273:
415:
269:
595:
Prayer book by Kirill of Turov, 16th century manuscript
265:
203:
693:
churchmen that would have been available to Kirill in
640:
our Lord, to whom glory with the Father and with the
435:
1073:Минск. Церковь Кирилла Туровского при Соборном доме.
452:. He was one of the first and finest theologians of
362:
348:
340:
332:
313:
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1240:
627:commentaries are directed at a monastic audience.
1095:Храм святителя Кирилла Туровского, г.Светлогорск
1169:Kirill of Turov; Bishop, Preacher, Hymnographer
1150:Kirill of Turov; Bishop, Preacher, Hymnographer
550:. Monks are Kirill's most frequent addressees.
1243:Medieval Russia's Epics, Chronicles, and Tales
1357:Russian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church
1017:
1015:
890:
888:
268:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
8:
668:Most Kievan Rus' literature is based on the
27:Belarusian Eastern Orthodox bishop and saint
1032:
1030:
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1148:Lunde, Ingunn (2000). Ingunn Lunde (ed.).
763:Church of the Holy Bishop Cyril of Turov (
701:, Epiphanius of Salamis, Ephrem of Syrus,
310:
958:
923:
829:Cathedral of St. Cyril of Turau, New York
299:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
1048:
1036:
1021:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
946:
935:
869:
867:
863:
819:
1282:История Беларуси IX-XVIII веков: Works
912:
1270:История Беларуси IX-XVIII веков: Life
1060:
841:Church of St. Cyril of Turau, Toronto
259:too many or overly lengthy quotations
7:
1322:Eastern Orthodox saints from Belarus
1207:"The Writings of St. Cyril of Turau"
779:are named after St. Cyril of Turaŭ:
106:adding citations to reliable sources
1112:Sermons and Rhetoric of Kievan Rus'
1342:People whose existence is disputed
554:Alternative names and attributions
25:
814:Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox
803:Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox
52:This article has multiple issues.
1317:People from Zhytkavichy District
846:
834:
822:
575:, apostle of the Slavs(d. 869);
571:(mid-sixth century); Konstantin-
357:Belarusian Greek Catholic Church
321:
246:
184:
82:
41:
896:"28/May 11 + Orthodox Calendar"
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
973:, pp. 167, 1xxvii–1xxviii
808:Church of St. Cyril of Turau (
797:St. Cyril of Turau Cathedral (
729:Churches named after St. Cyril
664:Style: Kirill's traditionalism
663:
1:
1337:12th-century Christian saints
1212:Journal of Belarusian Studies
1239:Zenkovsky, Serge A. (1974).
737:, including, among others:
436:
416:
396:
210:the claims made and adding
1373:
1225:10.30965/20526512-00101002
29:
792:Belarusian Greek Catholic
425:
405:
388:
320:
1110:Franklin, Simon (1991).
266:summarize the quotations
1332:Belarusian male writers
1191:Eastern Churches Review
613:ecclesiastical calendar
470:Eastern Orthodox Church
450:Russian Orthodox Church
353:Eastern Orthodox church
1129:Lunde, Ingunn (2001).
596:
648:, and concerning the
619:to the Sunday before
594:
458:Principality of Turov
315:Saint Kirill of Turov
1347:Russian male writers
1247:. New York: Dutton.
875:"ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ"
707:Eusebius of Caesarea
703:Gregory of Nazianzus
569:Cyril of Scythopolis
102:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
777:Belarusian diaspora
715:Nicetas of Heraclea
565:Cyril of Alexandria
440:; 1130–1182) was a
1287:2018-07-11 at the
1275:2018-06-27 at the
597:
561:Cyril of Jerusalem
514:Biographic details
426:Кири́лл Ту́ровский
397:Kürīllǔ Turovsǐkij
389:Кѷриллъ Туровськiй
195:possibly contains
1327:Belarusian saints
1203:Nadson, Alexander
1140:978-3-447-04358-8
1051:, pp. 96–157
949:, p. 1xxxiii
721:, Theophylact of
670:Eastern Christian
434:
414:
394:
374:
373:
349:Venerated in
309:
308:
301:
291:
290:
240:
239:
232:
197:original research
178:
177:
170:
152:
117:"Kirill of Turov"
75:
16:(Redirected from
1364:
1258:
1246:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1198:
1182:
1163:
1144:
1125:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1025:
1024:, p. xvciii
1019:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
959:MacRobert (2000)
956:
950:
944:
938:
933:
927:
924:Zenkovsky (1974)
921:
915:
910:
904:
903:
898:. Archived from
892:
883:
882:
871:
850:
838:
826:
769:Russian Orthodox
758:Russian Orthodox
747:Russian Orthodox
439:
437:Kirill Turovskiy
429:
427:
419:
409:
407:
399:
393:romanized:
392:
390:
325:
311:
304:
297:
286:
283:
277:
250:
249:
242:
235:
228:
224:
221:
215:
212:inline citations
188:
187:
180:
173:
166:
162:
159:
153:
151:
110:
86:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1297:
1296:
1289:Wayback Machine
1277:Wayback Machine
1266:
1261:
1255:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1201:
1185:
1179:
1166:
1160:
1147:
1141:
1128:
1122:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1049:Franklin (1991)
1047:
1043:
1037:Franklin (1991)
1035:
1028:
1022:Franklin (1991)
1020:
1013:
1007:Franklin (1991)
1005:
1001:
995:Franklin (1991)
993:
989:
983:Franklin (1991)
981:
977:
971:Franklin (1991)
969:
965:
957:
953:
947:Franklin (1991)
945:
941:
936:Franklin (1991)
934:
930:
922:
918:
911:
907:
894:
893:
886:
873:
872:
865:
861:
854:
851:
842:
839:
830:
827:
731:
719:Titus of Bostra
699:John Chrysostom
666:
589:
563:(ca. 315-386);
556:
516:
482:
460:, now southern
417:Kiryła Turawski
406:Кірыла Тураўскі
385:Church Slavonic
381:Kirill of Turov
328:
327:Kirill of Turov
316:
305:
294:
293:
292:
287:
281:
278:
272:or excerpts to
263:
251:
247:
236:
225:
219:
216:
201:
189:
185:
174:
163:
157:
154:
111:
109:
99:
87:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1370:
1368:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1352:Russian saints
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1279:
1265:
1264:External links
1262:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1236:
1199:
1183:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1145:
1139:
1126:
1120:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1087:
1076:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1039:, p. xcii
1026:
1011:
1009:, p. civi
999:
987:
975:
963:
951:
939:
928:
916:
905:
902:on 2012-03-24.
884:
879:ynaxaristis.gr
862:
860:
857:
856:
855:
852:
845:
843:
840:
833:
831:
828:
821:
818:
817:
806:
795:
773:
772:
761:
750:
730:
727:
697:translations:
665:
662:
588:
585:
555:
552:
515:
512:
481:
480:Cyril of Turov
478:
456:; he lived in
379:, alternately
377:Cyril of Turov
372:
371:
366:
360:
359:
350:
346:
345:
342:
338:
337:
334:
330:
329:
326:
318:
317:
314:
307:
306:
289:
288:
254:
252:
245:
238:
237:
192:
190:
183:
176:
175:
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
18:Cyril of Turaŭ
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1369:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1254:9780525483663
1250:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1197:(4): 347–358.
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1178:9788290249279
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1159:9788290249279
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1121:9780916458416
1117:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1063:, p. 128
1062:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1000:
997:, p. 108
996:
991:
988:
984:
979:
976:
972:
967:
964:
961:, p. 195
960:
955:
952:
948:
943:
940:
937:
932:
929:
925:
920:
917:
914:
913:Nadson (1968)
909:
906:
901:
897:
891:
889:
885:
880:
876:
870:
868:
864:
858:
849:
844:
837:
832:
825:
820:
815:
811:
807:
804:
800:
796:
793:
789:
785:
782:
781:
780:
778:
770:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
748:
744:
740:
739:
738:
736:
728:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
661:
659:
655:
651:
650:paschal bread
647:
643:
639:
634:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
604:
602:
593:
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
513:
511:
509:
504:
500:
495:
491:
488:
479:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
432:
423:
418:
412:
403:
398:
386:
382:
378:
370:
367:
365:
361:
358:
354:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
324:
319:
312:
303:
300:
285:
275:
271:
267:
261:
260:
255:This article
253:
244:
243:
234:
231:
223:
213:
209:
205:
199:
198:
193:This article
191:
182:
181:
172:
169:
161:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119: –
118:
114:
113:Find sources:
107:
103:
97:
96:
91:This article
89:
85:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1242:
1228:. Retrieved
1216:
1210:
1194:
1190:
1168:
1149:
1130:
1111:
1103:Bibliography
1090:
1079:
1068:
1061:Lunde (2000)
1056:
1044:
1002:
990:
985:, p. 81
978:
966:
954:
942:
931:
926:, p. 90
919:
908:
900:the original
878:
774:
765:Svietlahorsk
732:
687:
667:
646:resurrection
638:Jesus Christ
629:
605:
598:
579:Kirill I of
577:Metropolitan
557:
524:hagiographic
517:
483:
380:
376:
375:
295:
279:
264:Please help
256:
226:
217:
194:
164:
155:
145:
138:
131:
124:
112:
100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
1312:1182 deaths
1307:1130 births
1219:(I): 4–15.
881:(in Greek).
654:Holy Spirit
642:Holy Spirit
625:allegorical
617:Palm Sunday
544:monasticism
454:Kievan Rus'
1301:Categories
859:References
709:, and the
633:East Slavs
608:manuscript
567:(d. 444);
532:asceticism
520:Synaxarion
508:East Slavs
402:Belarusian
282:March 2022
274:Wikisource
220:March 2022
204:improve it
158:March 2022
128:newspapers
57:improve it
691:Byzantine
678:homiletic
621:Pentecost
548:monastery
494:Byzantine
466:feast day
431:romanized
411:romanized
270:Wikiquote
257:contains
208:verifying
63:talk page
1285:Archived
1273:Archived
1205:(1965).
799:Brooklyn
695:Slavonic
682:exegetic
674:Bulgaria
601:homilies
492:and the
490:theology
487:Orthodox
474:28 April
369:28 April
810:Toronto
735:Belarus
711:scholia
676:. "The
468:in the
462:Belarus
448:of the
433::
422:Russian
413::
202:Please
142:scholar
1251:
1230:21 May
1187:Nadson
1175:
1156:
1137:
1118:
788:London
658:Christ
623:. His
540:Rostov
536:bishop
503:simile
499:sermon
472:is on
464:. His
442:bishop
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
754:Turau
743:Minsk
723:Ohrid
615:from
587:Works
573:Cyril
528:Turov
446:saint
364:Feast
149:JSTOR
135:books
32:Cyril
1249:ISBN
1232:2024
1173:ISBN
1154:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1116:ISBN
680:and
581:Kiev
444:and
344:1182
341:Died
336:1130
333:Born
121:news
1221:doi
756:,
713:of
660:."
206:by
104:by
1303::
1215:.
1209:.
1193:.
1029:^
1014:^
887:^
877:.
866:^
812:,
801:,
790:,
767:,
745:,
717:,
705:,
476:.
428:,
424::
420:,
408:,
404::
400:,
391:,
387::
355:,
66:.
1257:.
1234:.
1223::
1217:I
1195:1
1181:.
1162:.
1143:.
1124:.
816:)
805:)
794:)
786:(
771:)
760:)
749:)
383:(
302:)
296:(
284:)
280:(
276:.
262:.
233:)
227:(
222:)
218:(
200:.
171:)
165:(
160:)
156:(
146:·
139:·
132:·
125:·
98:.
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
