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year, the CFA Institute offers a slight rebate and will not send the curriculum again (the curriculum changes only on an annual basis). If the student retests in a year other than the year of failure, he or she will receive the curriculum again, as it may have been changed. Study materials for the CFA exams are available from numerous commercial learning providers, although they are not officially endorsed. Various organizations (some officially accredited) also provide course-based preparation. As of 2019, the examination includes questions on
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affiliated
Council of Chartered Financial Analysts to stop using CFA Institute trademarks. The Deputy Registrar of Trade Marks determined that the trademark registration issued to CFA Institute for the "CFA" brand must be republished because of an error by the Trade Marks Registry. CFA Institute has numerous trademark applications on file with the Trade Marks Registry, and CFA charterholders from CFA Institute are free to use the "CFA" and "Chartered Financial Analyst" marks throughout India.
311:
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Union’s MiFID II directive for investment professionals who engage in any type of client advisory. Candidates must also pass the CAd test on
Spanish and EU regulation, commit to the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct, and be a local member of CFA Society Spain. CAd certification must be renewed every year by demonstrating 30 hours of continuous professional development (CPD) and reconfirming the observance of the code and standards.
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experience only, but then a series of three examinations was established along with a requirement to be a practitioner for several years before taking the exams. In 1990, in the hopes of boosting the credential's public profile, the CFA Institute (formerly the
Association for Investment Management and Research) merged with the FAF and the Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts.
756:(ASIC) has ranked the RG 146 Gap Training Program for CFA charterholders and CFA Program candidates at Tier 1. The RG 146 Gap Training Program is intended for candidates who have passed the CFA Level I exam or charterholders who wish to fulfill the requirements necessary to provide both financial product advice to retail clients and personal advice.
1319:
949:(ISA) requires six exams and an internship to become a portfolio manager. Exams include securities law and ethics, accounting, statistics, and finance; economics; securities and financial instrument analysis; and portfolio management. CFA charterholders are automatically considered to have completed five out of six exams.
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and thus "the relevant public in the UK would, prima facie, expect a person using the mark applied for to be representing themselves as a member of an organization of the kind subject to a Royal
Charter". "CFA" is a registered trademark in the UK, but only for "Educational services" (class 41) rather
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In 1998, CFA Institute's predecessor organization, AIMR, sued and won a judgment in an
American court against ICFAI/CCFA. The judgment prohibited ICFAI/CCFA and its members from using the CFA or Chartered Financial Analyst mark in the United States and Canada. In August 2006, an Indian court issued a
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for the CFA program is based on a
Candidate Body of Knowledge established by the CFA Institute. The CFA curriculum is updated annually to reflect the latest best practices, with the extent of changes varying by year and level. The curriculum comprises, broadly, the topic areas below. There are three
100:
A candidate who successfully completes the program and meets other professional requirements is awarded the "CFA charter" and becomes a "CFA charter-holder". As of
November 2022, at least 190,000 people are charter-holders globally, growing 6% annually since 2012 (including effects of the pandemic).
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recognizes completion of CFA Level III as equivalent to a bachelor’s degree in a relevant discipline in the admissions process. Similarly, successful completion of CFA Level I or II, combined with a bachelor’s degree in a non-relevant discipline, will be treated as a bachelor’s degree in a relevant
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For exams from 2008 onward, candidates are automatically provided the curriculum readings from the CFA Institute at the time of registration for the exam. The curriculum is not provided separately in the absence of exam registration. If the student fails an exam and is allowed to retest in the same
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The CFA exam was first administered in 1963 and began in the United States and Canada, but has become global with many people becoming charter-holders across Europe, Asia, and
Australia. By 2003, fewer than half the candidates in the CFA program were based in the United States and Canada, with most
239:
The predecessor of the CFA Institute, the
Financial Analysts Federation (FAF), was established in 1947 as a service organization for investment professionals. The FAF founded the Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts in 1962; the earliest CFA charter-holders were "grandfathered" in through work
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is the only organization in India that is affiliated with the CFA Institute. The CFA Institute's trademark rights to the "CFA" and "Chartered
Financial Analyst" brands were affirmed in India by the Delhi High Court. Further, the Delhi High Court issued an interim injunction ordering ICFAI and its
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Candidates who have passed Level 1 of the CFA Program are able to apply for the Certified Advisor (CAd) designation, a certification awarded by the CFA Society of Spain. CAd certification is recognized by Spain’s national securities regulator, the CNMV, as meeting the requirements of the European
296:
The CFA exams are notoriously difficult, with low pass rates. During the period 2010–2021, pass rates for Levels 1-3 ranged from 22-56%. The CFA Level 1 examination in May 2021 and July 2021 made news headlines after plummeting to a record-low pass rate of 25% and 22%, respectively, and in August
255:
A charter holder is held to the highest ethical standards. Once an investment professional obtains the charter, this individual also makes an annual commitment to uphold and abide by a strict professional code of conduct and ethical standards. Violations of the CFA code of ethics may result in
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recognizes that students who have passed the CFA Level I exam are exempt from the GMAT, GRE, and BAT score requirements, as well as the requirement of completing a specialized undergraduate degree in finance. Applicants who have passed the CFA Level 1 exam are eligible for 40 CP credits (four
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issued against ICFAI that CFA Institute obtained in October 1998. ICFAI had moved to reopen the case and to vacate the default judgment arguing that the court lacked jurisdiction over ICFAI at the time the default judgment was issued. With the default judgement vacated, ICFAI informed
1281:(SOA) granted the credit of "Validation by Educational Experience (VEE)-Economics" to the candidates who passed the CFA Level I exam. SOA also granted both the credits of VEE-Corporate Finance and VEE-Applied Statistical Methods to the candidates who passed the CFA Level II exam.
447:
are covered, including international economics (mainly related to currency conversions and how they are affected by international interest rates and inflation). By Level III, the focus is on applying economic analysis to portfolio management and asset allocation.
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911:(formerly The Hong Kong Society of Financial Analysts Limited) is recognized by the SFC as an institution for providing Continuous Professional Training (CPT). Continuing Education programs and seminars organized by CFA Society Hong Kong qualify for CPT hours.
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Certain Finance programs are recognized by the CFA Institute as a part of their University Recognition Program. This status is granted to institutions whose degree programs incorporate at least 70 percent of the CFA Program Candidate Body of Knowledge
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Due to the timing of the exams, completing all three levels of the CFA is possible within two years, but candidates must still complete the work experience requirement of 4,000 hours over a minimum of three years to become a charter-holder.
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charter holders that they could legally use their charter in the United States and Canada. However, on September 4, 2007, the court reversed its decision to vacate after a motion to reconsider that decision was filed by CFA Institute.
394:
The ethics section is primarily concerned with compliance and reporting rules when managing an investor's money or when issuing research reports. Some rules pertain more generally to professional behavior (such as prohibitions against
399:); others specifically relate to the proper use of the designation for charter-holders and candidates. These rules are delineated in the "Standards of Professional Conduct", within the context of an overarching "Code of Ethics".
1013:
The Comissão do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários (CMVM) (Portuguese Securities Market Commission) officially recognizes a CFA Charter-holder as fully satisfying the qualifications to register as an investment adviser or financial
1305:(CFP Board) has approved the CFA charter as fulfilling most of the education coursework requirement for CFP certification, pending completion of a capstone course registered with CFP Board prior to sitting for the CFP exam.
368:
study program emphasizes portfolio management and includes descriptions of strategies for applying the tools, inputs, and asset valuation models to manage equity, fixed income, and derivative investments for individuals and
810:
CFA charter-holders are recognized by Brazilian main regulator of securities analysts, APIMEC, as the equivalent to their "global content" test, although the candidates must still pass a "local content" test to award their
652:, natural resources (particularly precious metals), infrastructure, and other alternative investments, including, as applicable, strategies, sub-categories, potential benefits and risks, fee structures, and due diligence.
1197:(NYSE) exempts candidates who have passed CFA level I from the portion of the Series 16 exam that deals with rules on research standards and related matters from Part II of the NYSE Supervisory Analyst Qualification Exam.
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licensing process for Financial Service Providers (FSP) exempts CFA Charter-holders from category I, II, IIA, III, and IV of the FSP's entry level qualification for the Key Individuals and Representatives licensing
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recognizes CFA Charter-holders seeking to apply for a license as a Capital Markets Services (CMS) Representative to be exempt from modules 6 and 7 of the Capital Markets and Financial Advisory Services (CMFAS)
969:
The Comision Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro (CONSAR) grants the general finance certification permanent license to people who have completed the CFA Institute Investment Foundations Program.
548:, employing the "tools" studied under quantitative methods, financial statement analysis, corporate finance, and economics. Level III centers on incorporating these instruments into portfolios.
1147:(UK NARIC) bench-marked the CFA Program and the CFA charter as comparable to a Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF) Master's Level 7. The levels of the CFA Program were bench-marked as:
361:
study program emphasizes asset valuation and includes applications of the tools and inputs (including economics, financial reporting and analysis, and quantitative methods) in asset valuation.
274:
Have 4,000 hours in a minimum of three years of qualified work experience acceptable by the CFA Institute. However, individual-level exams may be taken prior to satisfying this requirement.
959:
The Securities Commission Malaysia (SC) requires Capital Markets Services Representatives License (CMSRL) applicants to pass various exams. CFA charterholders are waived from four exams.
1405:
1290:
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as qualifying for the position of portfolio manager, investment counsel, adviser in derivatives & commodity futures, exchange contracts and for the position of securities adviser.
1224:
considers CFA charter holders to be eligible for waivers for up to two out of 10 courses in the Master of Science in Financial Management (MSFM) on-campus and online degree programs.
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The Securities and Exchange Commission of Sri Lanka authorizes that CFA charterholders automatically meet the requirement to practice as investment managers, managing client funds.
2781:
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The State Securities Commission (SSC) considers candidates who have passed CFA Level II to be sufficient in exempting them from three required securities practicing certificates:
1230:
considers students enrolled in its graduate business programs who have passed the CFA Level III exam to be eligible for an unconditional administrative exemption from Finance 645.
1110:
The Securities Investment Trust & Consulting Association (SITCA) of Taiwan officially recognizes CFA charterholders as qualified to practice as securities investment analysts.
716:
than those who do not complete the program. However, there is some evidence that differential analyst performance is economically inconsequential, suggesting the predominance of
252:
The CFA designation is designed to demonstrate a strong foundation in advanced investment analysis and portfolio management, accompanied by a strict emphasis on ethical practice.
901:
The Academic and Accreditation Advisory Committee of the SFC has approved the CFA designation as a recognized industry qualification for the licensing of Responsible Officers in
596:
The curriculum includes coverage of the fundamental framework of derivatives markets, derivatives valuations, and hedging and trading strategies involving derivatives, including
1183:
1530:
807:
recognizes successful CFA Level III candidates as satisfying the requirements of taking the global content exams of the National Certificate of Professional Investment (CNPI).
49:(formerly the Association for Investment Management and Research, or AIMR) to investment and financial professionals. The program teaches a wide range of subjects relating to
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864:
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recognizes CFA Charter-holders as having automatically satisfied Standard Sets A, C, and D under the Code of Professional Conduct for Authorized Financial Advisers (AFA).
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753:
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Have obtained a bachelor's (or equivalent) degree or be in the final year of a bachelor's degree program. However, an accredited degree may not always be a requirement.
1464:
1144:
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The Capital Market Commission (CMC) waives licensing requirements for the position of investment analyst and portfolio manager for those who have passed CFA Level III.
791:
recognizes CFA Charter-holders as meeting the requirements for the regulated functions of Head of Treasury, Financial Instruments Trader, and Investment Consultant.
346:
exams ("levels") that test the academic portion of the CFA program. All three levels emphasize the subject of ethics. The material differences among the exams are:
3001:
1940:
1302:
2290:
1065:"Registered Persons Examination", depending on the candidate's level. No exemptions are available for the examination on local market regulations and compliance.
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study program emphasizes tools and inputs and includes an introduction to asset valuation, financial reporting and analysis, and portfolio-management techniques.
244:
of the other candidates based in Asia or Europe. The number of charter-holders in India and China had increased by 25% and 53%, respectively, from 2005 to 2006.
2866:
2181:
1201:
1062:
1211:, considers Master of Business Administration (MBA) candidates who have passed the CFA Level III exam to be granted an automatic waiver in two core courses.
980:
The Dutch Securities Institute (DSI) recognizes the completion of the CFA Level 1 exam as being sufficient for the qualification to be a financial analyst.
1133:
The Capital Markets Board (CMB) of Turkey considers the passing of CFA Level I, II, and III to be equivalent to the CMA Level 1, 2, and 3 licensing exams.
2816:
2426:
1179:
The Investment Adviser Registration Depository (IARD) exempts CFA Charterholders from the required competency exams to register as an investment adviser.
1003:
The Securities and Exchange Commission of the Philippines requires at least one fund manager to have passed CFA Level 1 in order to manage mutual funds.
983:
The Dutch Securities Institute (DSI) recognizes CFA charterholders as automatically meeting the qualifications requirement to be a senior fund manager.
993:
The Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores (SMV) recognizes applicants who have passed CFA Level I to be approved for the role of portfolio manager.
660:
This section increases in importance with each of the three levels—it integrates and draws from the other topics, including ethics. It includes: (i)
2971:
922:
843:
465:
2395:
2162:"RG146 Gap Training Program for CFA Charterholders and Candidates (Personal Advice) | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission"
1858:
1665:
1169:
1076:
1054:
1025:
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1069:
2795:
2050:
De Franco, Gus; Zhou, Yibin (2009). "The Performance of Analysts with a CFA ® Designation: The Role of Human-Capital and Signaling Theories".
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considers CFA charterholders in the Executive Master of Nonprofit Administration (EMNA) to be eligible for a waiver of required course work.
1547:
1337:
1329:
2976:
1187:
2378:
935:
The Institute of Banking exempts CFA Charter-holders from 2 out of 6 modules required for the Professional Diploma in Financial Advice.
712:
Given the time and effort that candidates must undergo to complete the CFA program, it would be expected that CFA charter-holders have
1870:
1208:
860:
considers the successful completion of the CFA Level III exam as satisfactory for the requirements necessary to be an exchange trader.
825:
2308:
2276:
1814:
1523:
1397:
1355:
895:
2923:
504:; this builds on the accounting, economics, and statistics areas. It then extends to more advanced topics such as the analysis of
3011:
2895:
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1039:
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804:
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The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of Thailand Passing CFA Level III qualifies the candidate to be a fund manager.
1204:(NFLPA) recognizes the CFA Charter as meeting the eligibility requirements to become a registered player financial advisor.
1427:
2223:
2026:
1396:
The judgments made no assessment of the quality of the Indian program and merely discussed the trademark violation. The
770:
discipline in the admissions process. Students who have passed CFA Levels I, II, or III are eligible for course waivers.
473:
2982:
1439:
than "Financial services" (class 36) under which the attempt to register "Chartered Financial Analyst" had been made.
946:
669:
794:
CFA Charter-holders automatically satisfy the requirements for the mandatory Financial Advice Program (AFP) level II.
2870:
1459:
1448:
722:
42:
2339:
2322:
1502:
1989:
1965:
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has bench-marked the CFA charter as comparable to its National Certificate in Financial Markets and Instruments.
271:
Pass all three levels of the CFA program (mastery of the current CFA curriculum and passing three examinations).
1265:
Individuals who have passed all three levels of the CFA exams are eligible to skip the elective courses of the
1215:
898:
considers the passing of CFA Level I to be recognized as an industry qualification for various licensing exams.
505:
256:
industry-related sanctions, suspension of the right to use the CFA designation, or a revocation of membership.
2820:
2433:
846:
considers candidates which have passed CFA Level 1 to be exempt from exam requirements for relevant positions.
640:
The curriculum includes coverage of a range of topics in the alternative investment category. Topics include
3006:
2562:
1194:
1028:(CMA) recognizes CFA charter-holders as sophisticated investors and they are exempted from CMA exam level I.
888:
788:
760:
661:
625:
420:
383:
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717:
685:
537:
94:
86:
39:
1673:
673:
649:
569:
90:
50:
2545:
544:, and commodities). The Level I exam requires familiarity with these instruments. Level II focuses on
2195:
1278:
766:
613:
533:
509:
457:
113:
70:
461:
2539:"FAIS Board Notice 106, Determination of Fit and Proper Requirements, and Category FSP Definitions"
2182:"FASEA approves education credits for CIMA and CFA coursework to attain a Professional Designation"
773:
629:
545:
525:
416:
1791:
2118:
2075:
1430:
refused to register "Chartered Financial Analyst" as a trademark, as the word "chartered" in the
665:
573:
561:
415:, hypothesis testing, (multi-variate) regression, and time-series analysis. Other topics include
412:
78:
62:
2093:
Kang, Qiang; Li, Xi; Su, Tie (2018-04-01). "Sell-Side Financial Analysts and the CFA® Program".
617:
2524:
1874:
1555:
2462:
2110:
2067:
1832:
1622:
1484:
1221:
857:
677:
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information is heavily tested at Levels I and II, but is not a significant part of Level III.
373:
82:
54:
2626:
2450:
2102:
2059:
1614:
1409:
693:
689:
609:
601:
597:
424:
2841:
2612:
2489:
2475:
1844:
1227:
1113:
CFA charterholders are not required to sit the Securities Investment Trust Licensing Exam.
697:
565:
501:
469:
117:
1718:
1694:
1578:"CFA Career Paths: What Are Typical Job Opportunities For CFA Charterholders? - 300Hours"
925:
requires that any collective investment scheme must have at least one CFA Charter-holder.
2947:
324:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1431:
1075:
Exemptions are available to Charter-holders for two of the six qualifying exams of the
865:
Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Frankfurt School of Finance and Management
701:
645:
605:
581:
577:
513:
444:
440:
105:
66:
2763:
2681:
2995:
2122:
1435:
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1150:
Level III of the CFA Program and the CFA charter are bench-marked at Level 7 by NARIC
727:
713:
46:
2724:"Securities Practicing Certificates Requirements, State Securities Commission (SSC)"
2137:
2002:
1895:
264:
To become a CFA charter-holder, candidates must satisfy the following requirements:
585:
557:
529:
2643:
2563:"The South African Institute of Financial Markets: Registered Persons Examination"
2451:"Comision Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro (CONSAR) CFA recognition"
2237:
2209:
283:
Adhere to the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct.
17:
477:
423:, and technical analysis. Recent additions, as mentioned above, are a survey of
2892:"MD, CFA Institute Discusses the Latest Developments on the CFA Exams in India"
2255:
2063:
101:
Successful candidates take an average of four years to earn their CFA charter.
1815:"CFA Pass Rate Plummets to Record Low of 25% for Level 1 Exam - BNN Bloomberg"
1414:
641:
541:
408:
396:
342:
58:
2114:
2071:
1626:
902:
386:, automated investment services, and mining unconventional sources of data.
74:
2412:
1618:
524:
The curriculum includes coverage of global markets as well as analysis and
2984:
US Department of Labor - U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupations Guide
1719:"Plan Your 2021 CFA Registration With Our Free Journey Planner - 300Hours"
821:
The CFA Institute is a recognized Educational Institution by Revenu Quebec
2106:
1641:
1602:
681:
428:
2079:
2699:
1767:
1742:
1172:(FINRA) exempts candidates who have passed CFA Level I and II from the
777:
courses) in the foundation component of the Master of Finance program.
891:
officially recognizes the CFA Charter as a professional qualification.
556:
The curriculum for equity investments includes the functioning of the
2977:
FINRA Education Reference Guide Showing CFA Charter and Requirements
1695:"CFA Work Experience Requirements: A Crystal Clear Guide - 300Hours"
1577:
1990:
Kathleen DeRose and Christophe Le Lanno (2020). "Machine Learning"
1390:
908:
372:
2917:"Trade Mark Application No. 2226144: Chartered Financial Analyst"
2613:"SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY REGISTERED QUALIFICATION"
2566:
1642:"What Exactly Are The CFA Charterholder Requirements? - 300Hours"
730:) suggests a positive human capital impact from the CFA program.
419:—incorporating basic valuation and yield and return calculations—
2591:
1293:(PRMIA) from the first required exam for the PRM qualification.
1941:"CFA exam to add artificial intelligence, 'big data' questions"
1153:
Level II of the CFA Program is bench-marked at Level 6 by NARIC
867:
allows elective waivers for passing any level of the CFA exams.
2817:"AIMR Obtains Favorable Ruling in Trademark Infringement Suit"
1312:
1156:
Level I of the CFA Program is bench-marked at Level 5 by NARIC
304:
109:
1920:"CFA List of Registered Curriculums and Educational Programs"
1285:
Professional Risk Managers' International Association (PRMIA)
2138:"CFA Exam Exemptions: A Big Perk You Should Know - 300Hours"
2027:"Is the CFA Useful for Corporate Finance? - Kaplan Schweser"
129:
Sectors with the highest proportion of CFA Charter-holders
1896:"2022 CFA Curriculum Changes: Our Super Summary - 300Hours"
1243:
Basic issues regarding securities and the securities market
2667:
1297:
Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards (CFP Board)
104:
The top employers of CFA charter-holders globally include
2723:
2700:"CFA Pass Rates: How Hard Are The CFA Exams? - 300Hours"
1768:"CFA Pass Rates: How Hard Are The CFA Exams? - 300Hours"
1406:
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia
2525:"What are the certificates accepted by the Saudi CMA"
1792:"CFA exams: high fail rate sets flunkees speculating"
1291:
Professional Risk Managers' International Association
1186:(NASAA) exempts CFA charterholders from the required
1184:
North American Securities Administrators Association
1061:
Exemptions are available for various modules in the
27:
Professional credential offered by the CFA Institute
2454:
2356:Securities and Futures Commission (January 2022).
2167:Australian Securities & Investments Commission
1381:(ICFAI) University of India or its affiliate, the
1379:Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India
1176:examination from registering as research analysts.
824:CFA Charter-holders are legally recognized by the
754:Australian Securities & Investments Commission
1859:CFA Level II Exam Pass Rate Is Lowest Ever at 29%
896:Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC)
1465:Professional certification in financial services
1284:
1145:National Academic Recognition Information Centre
923:Financial Services Authority of Indonesia (FSA)
844:Egyptian Financial Supervisory Authority (EFSA)
1524:"1963 - Current Candidate Examination Results"
1398:Indian Association of Investment Professionals
1303:Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards
2003:"CFA Level 1 FRA: Our Cheat Sheet - 300Hours"
1743:"CFA Pass Rates: How Hard Are The CFA Exams?"
1070:South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA)
536:(futures, forwards, options, and swaps), and
8:
1485:"Why Top Tier Firms Hire CFA Charterholders"
1202:National Football League Players Association
1063:South African Institute of Financial Markets
2948:"Case details for trade mark UK00002225116"
2588:"Registered Persons Examination Exemptions"
1249:Analysis of enterprise financial statements
1434:is associated with bodies incorporated by
488:The curriculum initially covers the major
127:
1373:CFA Institute is not affiliated with the
1356:Learn how and when to remove this message
1256:Recognition by professional organizations
297:2021, the level 2 pass rate fell to 29%.
1289:CFA charter-holders are exempted by the
826:Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA)
656:Portfolio management and wealth planning
466:Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
411:: the topics are fairly broad, covering
93:—and provides a generalist knowledge of
45:offered internationally by the US-based
2682:"SEC Thailand fund manager requirement"
2507:"CMVM - Regulamento da CMVM n.Âş 3/2010"
2277:"CSA recognition of CFA Charterholders"
1475:
1383:Council of Chartered Financial Analysts
1170:Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
1077:South African Institute of Stockbrokers
734:Global regulatory and legal recognition
632:is conceptual as opposed to technical.
277:Have two or three letters of reference.
2867:"India FAQS: The CFA Program in India"
2764:"Validation by Educational Experience"
2668:"Securities & Exchange Commission"
2471:
2460:
1840:
1830:
612:. The curriculum incorporates various
476:. Financial reporting and analysis of
3002:Professional certification in finance
2340:"SFC Licensing exams CFA recognition"
2224:"CFA Charterholder exemptions by CBB"
1966:"2017 Level I CFA Program Curriculum"
1040:Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS)
805:Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM)
702:measurement of investment performance
377:2012 Level III CFA Program Curriculum
280:Become a member of the CFA Institute.
7:
526:valuation of the various asset types
1536:from the original on July 29, 2014.
1190:to register as investment advisers.
2869:. Cfainstitute.org. Archived from
2819:. Cfainstitute.org. Archived from
2323:"CFA Charter official recognition"
1873:. Cfainstitute.org. Archived from
1601:Tatham, Charles Jr. (1945-01-01).
1328:tone or style may not reflect the
1246:Securities analysis and investment
1209:University of California, Berkeley
390:Ethical and professional standards
25:
2950:. UK Intellectual Property Office
2644:"Certified Advisor - CAd Program"
1389:temporary injunction against the
720:; although other research in the
2972:CFA Institute membership profile
2894:. Daulatguru.com. Archived from
2782:"PRM Frequently Asked Questions"
2379:"List of Approved CPT Providers"
2291:"University Affiliation Program"
1802:from the original on 2021-08-02.
1603:"A Brief History of The Society"
1338:guide to writing better articles
1317:
407:This topic area is dominated by
309:
2922:. Patent.gov.uk. Archived from
2242:Comissão de Valores Mobiliários
1483:Macon, Sophie (12 March 2022).
500:policy and implementation, and
1813:News, Bloomberg (2021-07-27).
1273:The Society of Actuaries (SOA)
700:using derivatives); and (iii)
572:similarly include the various
540:(real estate, private equity,
421:portfolio-related calculations
1:
2590:. Saifm.co.za. Archived from
2565:. Saifm.co.za. Archived from
1988:Discussion is top down; see:
789:Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB)
614:pricing models and frameworks
1503:"Become a CFA Charterholder"
739:Legal recognition by country
474:financial statement analysis
452:Financial statement analysis
51:advanced investment analysis
1443:List of CFA charter-holders
1375:Chartered Financial Analyst
947:Israel Securities Authority
708:Efficacy of the CFA program
670:capital asset pricing model
32:Chartered Financial Analyst
3028:
2358:"Guidelines on Competence"
2095:Financial Analysts Journal
2064:10.2308/accr.2009.84.2.383
1607:Financial Analysts Journal
1460:Professional certification
1449:List of CFA charterholders
1446:
723:Financial Analysts Journal
624:(extending to coverage of
578:risk associated with these
43:professional certification
2210:"Griffith University CFA"
1666:"Membership Requirements"
628:), while coverage of the
568:, and industry analysis.
318:This section needs to be
2796:"Education Requirements"
2365:Guidelines on Competence
1216:University of Notre Dame
1026:Capital Market Authority
726:(a journal published by
506:mergers and acquisitions
456:The curriculum includes
3012:Institutional investors
2627:"SAIS Education Policy"
2309:"CFA Level 1 exemption"
2136:Tan, Zee (2022-01-14).
1428:UK Trade Marks Registry
1332:used on Knowledge (XXG)
1195:New York Stock Exchange
889:Government of Hong Kong
761:Government of Australia
686:institutional investors
662:modern portfolio theory
636:Alternative investments
622:binomial option pricing
552:Equity and fixed income
538:alternative investments
384:artificial intelligence
87:alternative investments
1619:10.2469/faj.v1.n1.3934
1377:degree offered by the
1336:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
630:underlying mathematics
378:
166:Chief level executive
95:other areas of finance
2490:"SMV CFA recognition"
2413:"ISA CFA recognition"
2052:The Accounting Review
1548:"Research & Data"
1426:In January 2007, the
909:CFA Society Hong Kong
376:
142:Portfolio Management
2427:"SC CFA Recognition"
2107:10.2469/faj.v74.n2.2
1552:www.cfainstitute.org
1404:On May 8, 2007, the
1279:Society of Actuaries
1269:Program of Studies.
767:Macquarie University
510:corporate governance
403:Quantitative methods
174:Investment strategy
114:Royal Bank of Canada
91:portfolio management
2738:"Course Exemptions"
2396:"IOB CFA exemption"
774:Griffith University
674:investment practice
626:interest rate trees
570:Fixed income topics
528:: equity (stocks),
512:, and business and
458:financial reporting
417:time value of money
222:Financial planning
214:Accounting / audit
130:
2873:on October 7, 2007
2648:www.cfasociety.org
1922:. Cfainstitute.org
1877:on October 5, 2007
1843:has generic name (
1505:. Cfainstitute.org
1309:Trademark disputes
714:higher performance
666:efficient frontier
494:capital investment
413:probability theory
379:
190:Wealth management
128:
79:financial analysis
63:probability theory
2823:on April 26, 2007
2184:. August 9, 2019.
1871:"Topical Outline"
1798:. 2 August 2021.
1529:. CFA Institute.
1393:entity, as well.
1366:
1365:
1358:
1330:encyclopedic tone
1222:Boston University
858:Deutsche Börse AG
678:investment policy
520:Security analysis
498:capital structure
490:corporate finance
484:Corporate finance
339:
338:
237:
236:
83:corporate finance
55:business analysis
18:CFA Charterholder
16:(Redirected from
3019:
2987:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2944:
2938:
2937:
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2934:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2888:
2882:
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2879:
2878:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2846:cfainstitute.org
2838:
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2792:
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2600:
2599:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2544:. Archived from
2543:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2453:. Archived from
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2432:. Archived from
2431:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2403:
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2392:
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2158:
2152:
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2149:
2148:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2031:www.schweser.com
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
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1916:
1910:
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1907:
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1892:
1886:
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1883:
1882:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1672:. Archived from
1670:Cfainstitute.org
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1554:. Archived from
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1528:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1480:
1410:default judgment
1361:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1340:for suggestions.
1321:
1320:
1313:
882:Hong Kong, China
690:asset allocation
425:machine learning
334:
331:
325:
313:
312:
305:
198:Credit analysis
182:Risk management
131:
21:
3027:
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3018:
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2992:
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2810:
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2799:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2744:. CBV Institute
2736:
2735:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2708:
2706:
2698:Macon, Sophie.
2697:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2652:
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2642:
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2637:
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2611:
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2606:
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2505:
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2500:
2492:
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2398:
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2307:
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2289:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2259:
2258:. Apimec.com.br
2254:
2253:
2249:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2196:"Macquarie CFA"
2194:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2146:
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2135:
2134:
2130:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2049:
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2035:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1971:. CFA Institute
1968:
1964:
1963:
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1939:
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1864:
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1839:
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1823:
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1807:
1796:Financial Times
1790:
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1586:
1584:
1576:Macon, Sophie.
1575:
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1371:
1362:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1335:
1326:This section's
1322:
1318:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1258:
1237:
1228:Duke University
1188:Series 65 exams
1165:
1143:In 2009 the UK
1140:
1130:
1120:
1107:
1097:
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884:
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839:
818:
801:
784:
749:
741:
736:
710:
694:order execution
658:
638:
594:
574:debt securities
566:stock valuation
554:
522:
502:dividend policy
486:
454:
437:
405:
392:
335:
329:
326:
323:
314:
310:
303:
294:
262:
250:
126:
118:Bank of America
38:) program is a
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3025:
3023:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3007:Money managers
3004:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2966:External links
2964:
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2773:
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2729:
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2579:
2554:
2551:on 2013-06-26.
2530:
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2498:
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2457:on 2013-08-21.
2442:
2439:on 2014-02-09.
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2058:(2): 383–404.
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1447:Main article:
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676:(defining the
672:, etc.); (ii)
657:
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462:International′
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106:JPMorgan Chase
26:
24:
14:
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4:
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2:
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3008:
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2986:
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2973:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2929:on 2012-02-05
2925:
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2898:on 2010-04-08
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2756:
2743:
2742:CBV Institute
2739:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2594:on 2010-10-01
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2569:on 2010-08-30
2568:
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2296:
2295:CFA Institute
2292:
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2019:
2008:
2004:
1998:
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1991:
1985:
1982:
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1961:
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1942:
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1933:
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1696:
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1687:
1676:on 2013-04-24
1675:
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1597:
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1583:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1558:on 2017-07-01
1557:
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1436:royal charter
1433:
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1411:
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1402:
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1394:
1392:
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1357:
1349:
1346:November 2015
1339:
1333:
1331:
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1315:
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