421:
1675:, England, with a population of 2,700,000, two children between 12 months and six years old died, and five suffered life-changing injuries, in the 18 months leading up to October 2014. In the United States, on average, over 3,000 pediatric ingestions of button batteries are reported annually. The proportion of major and fatal outcomes is increasing. Coin cells of diameter 20 mm or greater cause the most serious injuries, even if expended and intact. In Auckland, New Zealand as of 2018 there are about 20 cases per year requiring hospitalization.
1114:
1645:
1590:
393:(e.g., 1.3 V) to operate correctly, a silver cell with a flat discharge characteristic will give much longer service than an alkaline cell—even if it has the same specified capacity in mAh to an end-point of 0.9 V. If a device seems to "eat up" batteries after the original supplied by the manufacturer is replaced, it may be useful to check the device's requirements and the replacement battery's characteristics. For
1380:
191:
1388:
2496:
2484:
33:
133:
1913:, showing many batteries in plug-in and horizontal and vertical solder versions. The same site lists rechargeable cells with various chemistries, in the same sizes and options as disposable batteries of the same size code and hence mechanically interchangeable, though carrying risks of malfunctioning and damage.
218:. Devices using button cells are usually designed around a cell giving a long service life, typically well over a year in continuous use in a wristwatch. Most button cells have low self-discharge, holding their charge for a long time if not used. Relatively high-power devices such as hearing aids may use a
1652:
Button cells are attractive to small children; they may put them in their mouth and swallow them. The ingested battery can cause significant damage to internal organs. The battery reacts with bodily fluids, such as mucus or saliva, creating a circuit which can release an alkali that is strong enough
1630:
Rechargeable batteries typically have the same dimension-based numeric code with different letters; thus CR2032 is a disposable battery while ML2032, VL2032 and LIR2032 are rechargeables that fit in the same holder if not fitted with solder tags. It is mechanically possible, though hazardous, to fit
1342:
Some coin cells, particularly lithium, are made with solder tabs for permanent installation, such as to power memory for configuration information of a device. The complete nomenclature will have prefixes and suffixes to indicate special terminal arrangements. For example, there is a plug-in and a
1706:
delayed appropriate intervention, iv) diagnosis was confirmed by X-ray, v) in each case the battery lodged in the child's oesophagus, vi) the offending batteries were 20mm lithium cells, vii) death occurred 19 days to 3 weeks after ingestion. The presenting symptoms of button cell ingestion may be
1601:
in many of the same sizes are available, with lower capacity than disposable cells. Disposable and rechargeable batteries are manufactured to fit into a holder or with solder tags for permanent connection. In equipment with a battery holder, disposable or rechargeable batteries may be used, if the
1121:
Package size of button batteries using standard names is indicated by a 2-digit code representing a standard case size, or a 3- or 4-digit code representing the cell diameter and height. The first one or two digits encode the outer diameter of the battery in whole millimeters, rounded down; exact
434:
60086-3 defines an alphanumeric coding system for "Watch batteries". Manufacturers often have their own naming system; for example, the cell called LR1154 by the IEC standard is named AG13, LR44, 357, A76, and other names by different manufacturers. The IEC standard and some others encode the case
392:
Examining datasheets for a manufacturer's range may show a high-capacity alkaline cell with a capacity as high as one of the lower-capacity silver types; or a particular silver cell with twice the capacity of a particular alkaline cell. If the powered equipment requires a relatively high voltage
845:
For types with stable voltage falling precipitously at end-of-life (cliff-top voltage-versus-time graph), the end-voltage is the value at the "cliff-edge", after which the voltage drops extremely rapidly. For types which lose voltage gradually (slope graph, no cliff-edge), the end-point is the
1605:
A typical use for a small rechargeable battery (in coin or other format) is to back up the settings of equipment which is normally permanently mains-powered, in the case of power failure. For example, many central heating controllers store operation times and similar information in
1433:
The manufacturing date can be abbreviated to the last digit of the year, followed by a digit or letter indicating the month, where O, Y, and Z are used for
October, November and December, respectively (e.g., 01 = January 2010 or 2000, 9Y = November 2019 or 2009).
400:
While alkaline, silver oxide, and mercury batteries of the same size may be mechanically interchangeable in any given device, use of a cell of the right voltage but unsuitable characteristics can lead to short battery life or failure to operate equipment. Common
1724:
1701:
Children most at risk of button battery ingestion are those aged 5 years and under. Three child deaths in
Australia reveal that in each case: i) the ingestion was not witnessed, ii) the source of the battery remains unknown, iii) initial
1825:. amazon.co.uk. A card marked with the name Hyundai with 30 button cells in 5 sizes made in China, stating that they are alkaline but with pictures of watches, calculators, etc. is sold for prices ranging from about £1 to £4 in the UK
405:
primary cells, with a terminal voltage around 3 volts, are not made in sizes interchangeable with 1.5 volt cells. Use of a battery of significantly higher voltage than equipment is designed for can cause permanent damage.
367:
and have much higher capacity than other types, as they take that air from the atmosphere. Cells have an air-tight seal which must be removed before use; they will then dry out in a few weeks, regardless of use.
1610:, lost in the case of power failure. It is usual for such systems to include a backup battery, either a disposable in a holder (current drain is extremely low and life is long) or a soldered-in rechargeable.
315:
on a camera requires a stable voltage, thus silver cells are usually specified). Sometimes different cells of the same type, size and capacity are optimized for different loads by using different
2310:
596:
SR synonymous to AG. Much flatter discharge curve than L. Slightly higher nominal capacity, much higher effective capacity for devices with higher cutoff voltage (eg. digital calipers).
1617:
button cells were often components of the backup battery of older computers; non-rechargeable lithium button cells with a lifetime of several years are used in later equipment.
1375:
W: high drain type for all quartz watches, calculators and cameras. The battery complies with all the requirements of the international IEC 60086-3 standard for watch batteries.
909:
The standard only describes primary batteries. Rechargeable types made in the same case size will carry a different prefix not given in the IEC standard, for example some
1422:
Often a 2-letter code (sometimes on the side of the battery) where the first letter identifies the manufacturer and the second is the year of manufacture. For example:
2027:
1906:
2114:
347:
characteristics ranging from gradually reducing to fairly constant, and some stated to be for continuous low drain with high pulse on demand, others for photo use.
329:
are made in the same button sizes as the other types, but typically provide less capacity and less stable voltage than more costly silver oxide or lithium cells.
977:
sometimes called "rechargeable CR"; higher voltage than CR can cause damage when used as direct replacement, may be lowered with a serial diode or regulator
1631:
a disposable battery in a holder intended for a rechargeable; holders are fitted in parts of equipment only accessible by service personnel in such cases.
438:
Examples of batteries conforming to the IEC standard are CR2032, SR516, and LR1154, where the letters and numbers indicate the following characteristics.
2140:
2242:
1727:
voted for a ban on the export and import of a range of mercury-containing products such as button cells and other batteries, to be imposed from 2020.
431:
307:
Cells of different chemical composition made in the same size are mechanically interchangeable. However, the composition can affect service life and
2317:
2221:
2363:
1944:
1925:
1756:
1126:
is 9.5 mm in diameter, no other value between 9.0 and 9.9 is used. The last two digits are the overall height in tenths of a millimeter.
1978:
846:
voltage beyond which further discharge will cause damage to the battery and possibly the device it is powering, typically 1.0 or 0.9 V.
371:
For comparison, the properties of some cells from one manufacturer with diameter 11.6 mm and height 5.4 mm were listed in 2009 as:
1999:
1015:"manganese silicon"; -20..+60 °C, 2.8..3.3V charging; better charge/discharge characteristics than VL or ML; common for memory/RTC backups
1351:
After the package code, the following additional letters may optionally appear in the type designation to indicate the electrolyte used:
1660:, and can create a hole in the esophagus lining in two hours. In severe cases, damage can cause a passage between the esophagus and the
2193:
2169:
1343:
solder-in CR2032, a plug-in and three solder-in BR2330s in addition to CR2330s, and many rechargeables in 2032, 2330, and other sizes.
692:
Similar to C, with better performance and lower self-discharge at higher temperatures; lower initial voltage, flatter discharge curve.
291:
Button cells are dangerous for small children, as when swallowed they can cause severe internal burns and significant injury or death.
446:
The first letter in the IEC standard system identifies the chemical composition of the battery, which also implies a nominal voltage:
335:
may have an output voltage that is stable until it suddenly drops at end of life. This varies for individual types; one manufacturer (
1878:
1338:
LR1154/SR1154: alkaline/silver, 11.6 mm diameter, 5.4 mm height. The two-digit codes LR44/SR44 are often used for this size
116:
1664:. Swallowed button cells can damage the vocal cords. They can even burn through the blood vessels in the chest area, including the
1077:
2273:
1942:
Datasheet of a mains-powered smoke alarm, with models backed up by disposable battery or by rechargeable UL2330 button battery
339:) offers three silver oxide cells of the same size, 357–303, 357-303H and EPX76, with capacities ranging from 150 to 200
54:
1903:
435:
size so that the numeric part of the code is uniquely determined by the case size; other codes do not encode size directly.
97:
1799:
895:
and medical instruments. In the IEC system, larger cells may have no prefix for the chemical system, indicating they are
1751:
69:
50:
2329:
1785:
2356:
729:
420:
2474:
876:
76:
1894:
Battery
Standards and Sizes. (2005). Batteries for Portable Devices, 29–32. doi:10.1016/b978-044451672-5/50003-x
1859:
1049:"cobalt titanium"; -20..+60 °C, 2.5..2.7V charging; common in solar watches, sometimes called "watch capacitor"
1032:"vanadium", eg, VL1220, VL2020, VL2330, VL3032; -20..+60 °C, 3.25..3.55V charging; lower voltage drop on load
896:
83:
2516:
43:
2349:
1614:
544:
428:
316:
180:
1822:
2372:
2304:
1840:
1741:
1736:
1403:
Apart from the type code described in the preceding section, watch batteries should also be marked with
1372:
SW: low drain type for quartz watches (analog or digital) without light, alarm, or chronograph functions
153:
65:
1962:
1941:
397:, in particular, some are specified to require at least 1.25 V to operate and others 1.38 V.
219:
2218:
2028:
Silent
Nursery: Button Battery Fatalities in Children – the Long Road from Externality to Obsolescence
1922:
2380:
1598:
571:
415:
332:
234:
203:
157:
1625:
1426:
YN – the letter N is the 14th letter in the alphabet – indicates the cell was manufactured in 2014.
1356:
1122:
diameters are specified by the standard, and there is no ambiguity; e.g., any cell with an initial
969:
672:
498:
376:
282:
262:
1668:. In the United States, 44 child deaths were reported from button battery ingestion in 2002–2021.
2500:
2067:
Litovitz, Toby; Whitaker, Nicole; Clark, Lynn; White, Nicole C.; Marsolek, Melinda (2010-06-01).
1672:
308:
1644:
1113:
2441:
2096:
2088:
1974:
1746:
1716:
642:
539:
503:
285:
254:
211:
2182:
2080:
1363:
884:
880:
759:
702:
604:
534:
360:
326:
320:
2172:, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Research, 2021, 5(3), 297–303
2068:
319:, so that one may have longer service life than the other when supplying a relatively high
2446:
2225:
1948:
1929:
1910:
1882:
1875:
1863:
1844:
1780:
1621:
1607:
1391:
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637:
402:
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274:
195:
184:
177:
173:
90:
1589:
2030:, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Research, 6 (3): 301–308.
1379:
1117:
Several sizes of button and coin cell with four 9 V batteries as a size comparison
995:
822:
789:
190:
2510:
2488:
2461:
2423:
508:
2141:"Duracell's new coin batteries have a bitter coating that makes them taste terrible"
2433:
2388:
2299:
1703:
1686:
compound to discourage children from ingesting them. An alternative solution is to
1578:
1387:
868:
576:
266:
258:
230:
311:. Using the wrong cell may lead to short life or improper operation (for example,
2456:
2451:
2393:
2311:"IEC 60086-2 Primary batteries – Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications"
892:
629:
High capacity. Activated by taking off seal from vent. Electrolyte can dry out.
364:
340:
312:
223:
207:
32:
2495:
2115:"Risk of swallowing deadly button batteries prompts new industry safety policy"
1707:
misdiagnosed and attributed to common non life-threatening childhood maladies.
1383:
Type CR2032 watch battery (lithium anode, 3 V, 20.0 mm × 3.2 mm)
849:
Common names are conventional rather than uniquely descriptive; for example, a
2398:
872:
17:
2228:, European Parliament & Council, 20 November 2013, Retrieved 7 April 2015
2092:
1775:
2483:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2274:"An Investigation of Alternatives to Miniature Batteries Containing Mercury"
2254:
1683:
1657:
353:
also supply a stable voltage, but are banned in many countries due to their
336:
296:
2100:
2084:
1682:
announced that they were coating some of their lithium button cells with a
994:"manganese"; -20..+60 °C, 2.8..3.2V charging; common for long-term memory/
277:
button cells were formerly common, but are no longer available due to the
2284:
2265:
1691:
1679:
354:
292:
278:
165:
161:
2043:
1720:
1695:
1661:
394:
344:
250:
246:
132:
1856:
1687:
609:
270:
169:
2330:"DIRECTIVE 2006/66/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL"
2170:
Button batteries and child deaths: Market failure of unsafe products
1085:
can replace LR/SR cells if lower voltage than 1.5V is not a problem
226:
for a given size, but dries out after a few weeks even if not used.
1665:
1386:
1378:
1112:
238:
189:
131:
1332:
CR2025: lithium, 20 mm diameter, 2.5 mm height, 170 mAh
1329:
CR2032H; lithium, 20 mm diameter, 3.2 mm height 240 mAh
1326:
CR2032: lithium, 20 mm diameter, 3.2 mm height, 220 mAh
2341:
549:
513:
242:
168:
and 1 to 6 mm (0.039 to 0.236 in) high – resembling a
2345:
183:
of the cell; insulated from it, the metallic top cap forms the
26:
1837:
1800:"Duracell Is Making Coin Batteries Taste Horrible on Purpose"
2249:
1847:, with datasheets for many batteries of several chemistries
939:
IM - lithium-manganese oxide with organic electrolyte, 3.8V
2241:
IEC 60086-3: Primary batteries – Part 3: Watch batteries.
2069:"Emerging Battery-Ingestion Hazard: Clinical Implications"
1656:
Swallowed batteries can cause damage to the lining of the
1648:
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN icon required by IEC 60086-4
2338:
6 September 2006 (re recycling and disposal of batteries)
2006:. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. October 2018
1951:. Kiddefirex.co.uk (2015-10-01). Retrieved on 2015-11-08.
1581:, this may suggest incorrectly that AG cells are silver.
930:
PB - lead-lead dioxide with sulfuric acid electrolyte, 2V
382:
Alkaline (manganese dioxide): 150 mAh (0.9), 3–9 Ω, 2.4 g
936:
IN - lithium-nickel oxide with organic electrolyte, 3.8V
933:
IC - lithium-cobalt oxide with organic electrolyte, 3.8V
375:
Silver: capacity 200 mAh to an end-point of 0.9 V,
1967:
Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
1335:
SR516: silver, 5.8 mm diameter, 1.6 mm height
927:
K - cadmium-nickel oxide with aqueous electrolyte, 1.2V
1932:. (PDF) . Just scope/preview. Retrieved on 2015-11-08.
1776:"See what a button battery can do to a child's throat"
1407:
the name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
1066:"manganese titanium"; -10..+60 °C, 1.8..2.6V charging
899:; such types are not available in button cell format.
164:
typically 5 to 25 mm (0.197 to 0.984 in) in
2472:
1597:
In addition to disposable (single use) button cells,
924:
H - alloy-nickel oxide with aqueous electrolyte, 1.2V
867:
type cells are today the most commonly used types in
662:
Very common. Gradual loss of voltage with discharge.
2219:"Directive 2013/56/EU amending Directive 2006/66/EC"
1923:
IEC 60086-3 Standard for Watch
Batteries (withdrawn)
2432:
2379:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
917:button cells use rechargeable lithium technology.
2357:
8:
1833:
1831:
1885:. Davehylands.com. Retrieved on 2015-11-08.
295:has attempted to mitigate this by adding a
2364:
2350:
2342:
2245:, Geneva, 1995. (also: BS EN 60086-3:1996)
1450:(silver) followed by a number, as follows
920:For rechargeables, the IEC prefixes are:
2243:International Electrotechnical Commission
2183:"EUBatteryDirective (2006/66/EC) Summary"
1725:European Parliament Environment Committee
1102:"thionyl chloride"; for low temperatures
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1857:Buying Button Cells for Digital Calipers
1643:
1588:
1452:
1128:
942:
906:, indicates a round (cylindrical) form.
448:
419:
2479:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1866:. Truetex.com. Retrieved on 2015-11-08.
1788:from the original on 22 September 2016.
1767:
563:Much higher capacity than zinc-carbon.
2164:
2162:
2160:
2000:"Button batteries – using them safely"
1757:Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
734:Manganese dioxide, nickel oxyhydroxide
2248:Sample of data sheets available from
2038:
2036:
2022:
2020:
1723:, which are toxic. In early 2013 the
1442:A code used by some manufacturers is
202:Button cells are used to power small
7:
2325:(includes discharge characteristics)
229:Button cells are usually disposable
214:. Wider variants are usually called
55:adding citations to reliable sources
2305:Watch battery cross reference table
1961:"Clause 9: Marking and packaging".
1694:) the offending cells, mostly 20mm
1130:Diameter codes (1st 1 or 2 digits)
1622:Lithium battery § Chemistries
176:usually forms the bottom body and
25:
2199:from the original on 10 July 2012
2192:. Eveready Battery Company, Inc.
1626:Lithium-ion battery § Shapes
2494:
2482:
2139:Gartenberg, Chaim (2020-09-29).
1698:cells, out of the supply chain.
1430:There is no universal standard.
31:
809:Low temperature, high capacity
42:needs additional citations for
1904:Panasonic CR battery data page
1653:to burn through human tissue.
1579:chemical symbol for silver, Ag
1369:No letter: organic electrolyte
879:devices, computer clocks, and
379:5–15 Ω, weight 2.3 g
303:Properties of cell chemistries
1:
853:has an alkaline electrolyte.
2004:Great Ormond Street Hospital
1752:Artificial cardiac pacemaker
136:Button, coin, or watch cells
2044:"Button Battery Statistics"
1577:To those familiar with the
2533:
2255:"CR2032 Technical Details"
1715:Some button cells contain
1619:
1413:the date of manufacturing.
998:backups; plateaus at 2.5V
413:
357:and environmental impact.
222:, which has a much higher
2300:Coin cell reference table
1438:Common manufacturer code
1394:and corroded button cell
388:Zinc-air: 620 mAh, 1.9 g
237:secondary cells. Common
1602:voltage is compatible.
1593:Coin cells being tested
385:Mercury: 200 mAh, 2.6 g
2085:10.1542/peds.2009-3037
1649:
1599:rechargeable batteries
1594:
1399:Other package markings
1395:
1384:
1118:
442:Electrochemical system
429:International standard
425:
199:
160:and shaped as a squat
137:
1784:. 22 September 2016.
1742:List of battery types
1737:List of battery sizes
1647:
1592:
1585:Rechargeable variants
1390:
1382:
1116:
897:zinc-carbon batteries
423:
193:
135:
2168:Paull, John (2021).
1876:Caliper Battery Life
1823:Alkaline button cell
1640:Accidental ingestion
955:Nominal voltage (V)
416:Battery nomenclature
299:to their batteries.
204:portable electronics
158:electrochemical cell
51:improve this article
2026:Paull, John (2022)
1711:Mercury and cadmium
1357:potassium hydroxide
1131:
902:The second letter,
891:type – are used in
851:silver (oxide) cell
730:Nickel oxyhydroxide
673:Carbon monofluoride
377:internal resistance
263:carbon monofluoride
194:Button cell use in
2224:2016-03-04 at the
1947:2013-08-05 at the
1928:2013-06-27 at the
1909:2013-07-02 at the
1881:2010-06-21 at the
1862:2010-07-27 at the
1843:2009-08-28 at the
1673:Greater Manchester
1650:
1595:
1396:
1385:
1129:
1119:
963:LPM, LiR, RJD, RCR
885:zinc-air batteries
426:
424:LR44 alkaline cell
361:Zinc-air batteries
327:Alkaline batteries
286:effects of mercury
212:pocket calculators
200:
138:
2470:
2469:
1980:978-2-8322-6808-7
1838:Energizer website
1747:Battery recycling
1575:
1574:
1410:the polarity (+);
1320:
1319:
1106:
1105:
843:
842:
643:Manganese dioxide
540:Manganese dioxide
504:Manganese dioxide
351:Mercury batteries
309:voltage stability
255:manganese dioxide
156:made of a single
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
2524:
2499:
2498:
2487:
2486:
2478:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2343:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2316:. Archived from
2315:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2269:
2261:
2259:
2229:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2187:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2079:(6): 1168–1177.
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2040:
2031:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
1996:
1985:
1984:
1972:
1965:IEC 60086-4:2019
1958:
1952:
1939:
1933:
1920:
1914:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1873:
1867:
1854:
1848:
1835:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1772:
1453:
1364:sodium hydroxide
1132:
943:
814:M, N (withdrawn)
760:Thionyl chloride
756:Thionyl chloride
449:
410:Type designation
395:digital calipers
220:zinc–air battery
206:devices such as
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2442:Nine-volt (PP3)
2428:
2375:
2370:
2335:
2328:
2320:
2313:
2309:
2296:
2291:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2253:
2237:
2232:
2226:Wayback Machine
2217:
2213:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2190:8 December 2009
2185:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2122:
2121:. February 2018
2113:
2112:
2108:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2025:
2018:
2009:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1981:
1973:. Geneva: IEC.
1970:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1949:Wayback Machine
1940:
1936:
1930:Wayback Machine
1921:
1917:
1911:Wayback Machine
1902:
1898:
1893:
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1883:Wayback Machine
1874:
1870:
1864:Wayback Machine
1855:
1851:
1845:Wayback Machine
1836:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1781:BBC News Online
1774:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1733:
1713:
1642:
1637:
1628:
1608:volatile memory
1587:
1440:
1420:
1401:
1349:
1146:
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1111:
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481:
476:
471:
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418:
412:
363:use air as the
305:
233:, but some are
198:as power source
174:Stainless steel
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2517:Battery shapes
2509:
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2346:
2340:
2339:
2326:
2323:on 2013-11-02.
2307:
2302:
2295:
2294:External links
2292:
2290:
2289:
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2246:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
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2211:
2174:
2156:
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2106:
2059:
2048:www.poison.org
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2016:
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1175:
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1168:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1142:diameter (mm)
1138:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
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1097:
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1038:
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1021:
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989:
986:
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964:
960:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
941:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
869:quartz watches
841:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
823:Mercuric oxide
820:
815:
811:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
790:Iron disulfide
787:
784:
780:
779:
777:
774:
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747:
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478:
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411:
408:
390:
389:
386:
383:
380:
313:light metering
304:
301:
297:bitter coating
275:Mercuric oxide
273:from the air.
253:materials are
241:materials are
128:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
24:
18:CR2032 battery
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2529:
2518:
2515:
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2502:
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2434:Multiple-cell
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2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2373:Battery sizes
2367:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2336:(407 Kb)
2331:
2327:
2319:
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2286:
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2256:
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2215:
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2184:
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2157:
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2102:
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2039:
2037:
2033:
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2023:
2021:
2017:
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1995:
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1987:
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1976:
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1659:
1654:
1646:
1639:
1635:Health issues
1634:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1613:Rechargeable
1611:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1580:
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1567:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:1130 or 1131
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:1120 or 1121
1530:
1527:
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1389:
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1353:
1352:
1347:Letter suffix
1346:
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1315:
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1005:
1002:
1001:
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993:
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984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
971:
968:
965:
962:
961:
957:
954:
951:
949:Rechargeable
948:
945:
944:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
922:
921:
918:
916:
912:
907:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:blinky lights
878:
874:
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852:
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838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
824:
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813:
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808:
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799:
796:
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791:
788:
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769:
766:
763:
761:
758:
755:
752:
751:
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728:
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724:
721:
718:
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709:
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619:
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566:
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543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
530:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
509:Zinc chloride
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
494:
493:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
466:
461:
456:
451:
450:
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441:
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436:
433:
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417:
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369:
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338:
334:
330:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
300:
298:
294:
289:
287:
284:
283:environmental
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:primary cells
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:wrist watches
205:
197:
192:
188:
186:
182:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
146:watch battery
143:
134:
129:Small battery
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
66:"Button cell"
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2418:
2318:the original
2214:
2201:. Retrieved
2189:
2177:
2148:. Retrieved
2144:
2134:
2123:. Retrieved
2118:
2109:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2051:. Retrieved
2047:
2008:. Retrieved
2003:
1966:
1963:
1956:
1937:
1918:
1899:
1890:
1871:
1852:
1818:
1807:. Retrieved
1803:
1794:
1779:
1770:
1714:
1704:misdiagnosis
1700:
1677:
1670:
1655:
1651:
1629:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1576:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1429:
1421:
1402:
1350:
1341:
1321:
1308:
1295:
1282:
1269:
1256:
1243:
1230:
1217:
1204:
1191:
1178:
1165:
1152:
1123:
1120:
1109:Package size
919:
914:
910:
908:
903:
901:
893:hearing aids
888:
883:. Miniature
864:
860:
856:
855:
850:
848:
844:
786:Iron sulfide
703:Copper oxide
577:Silver oxide
487:voltage (V)
482:voltage (V)
477:voltage (V)
467:Electrolyte
445:
437:
427:
399:
391:
370:
359:
349:
333:Silver cells
331:
325:
317:electrolytes
306:
290:
267:cupric oxide
259:silver oxide
235:rechargeable
228:
215:
201:
150:coin battery
149:
145:
141:
139:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2501:Electronics
2419:Button cell
2381:Single-cell
2264:(56.2
1523:926 or 927
1515:920 or 921
1366:electrolyte
1359:electrolyte
873:calculators
499:Zinc-carbon
365:depolarizer
196:RTC modules
187:terminal.
152:is a small
142:button cell
107:August 2023
2283:(440
2150:2020-09-29
2125:2018-04-07
2073:Pediatrics
2053:2018-06-30
2010:2019-10-19
1809:2022-02-17
1763:References
1620:See also:
1418:Date codes
1322:Examples:
1145:Tolerance
952:Chemistry
472:electrode
464:electrode
414:See also:
249:. Common
216:coin cells
77:newspapers
2250:Energizer
2145:The Verge
2093:0031-4005
1684:bitterant
1678:In 2020,
1658:esophagus
1459:IEC code
958:Comments
833:1.35/1.40
490:Comments
480:End-point
337:Energizer
2511:Category
2252: :
2222:Archived
2194:Archived
2101:20498173
1945:Archived
1926:Archived
1907:Archived
1879:Archived
1860:Archived
1841:Archived
1786:Archived
1731:See also
1692:litigate
1680:Duracell
1140:Nominal
875:, small
605:Zinc-air
535:Alkaline
470:Negative
462:Positive
355:toxicity
293:Duracell
279:toxicity
224:capacity
185:negative
181:terminal
178:positive
166:diameter
162:cylinder
2475:Portals
2447:Lantern
2235:Sources
2203:20 June
1721:cadmium
1717:mercury
1696:lithium
1662:trachea
1135:Number
1096:LiSoCl2
946:Prefix
818:Mercury
797:Lithium
794:Organic
767:Lithium
764:Organic
710:Lithium
707:Organic
680:Lithium
677:Organic
650:Lithium
647:Organic
638:Lithium
485:Maximum
475:Nominal
403:lithium
345:voltage
321:current
251:cathode
247:lithium
154:battery
91:scholar
2489:Energy
2334:
2281:
2262:
2209:148 Kb
2099:
2091:
1977:
1688:design
1624:, and
1456:G code
1392:Leaked
1316:±0.20
1303:±0.50
1290:±0.50
1277:±0.25
1264:±0.25
1251:±0.25
1238:±0.20
1225:±0.20
1212:±0.15
1199:±0.15
1186:±0.15
1173:±0.15
1160:±0.15
1060:LiMnTi
1043:CoTiLi
1026:LiV2O5
1009:LiMnSi
988:LiMnO2
970:Li-ion
863:, and
827:Alkali
737:Alkali
614:Alkali
610:Oxygen
581:Alkali
572:Silver
545:Alkali
457:Common
452:Letter
271:oxygen
170:button
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
2462:CR-V3
2424:18650
2321:(PDF)
2314:(PDF)
2277:(PDF)
2258:(PDF)
2197:(PDF)
2186:(PDF)
2119:Stuff
1971:(PDF)
1804:PCMAG
1666:aorta
1571:1154
1563:1142
1147:(mm)
1137:code
1071:V, MH
459:name
454:code
239:anode
148:, or
98:JSTOR
84:books
2389:AAAA
2205:2013
2097:PMID
2089:ISSN
1975:ISBN
1690:(or
1615:NiCd
1568:xG13
1560:xG12
1555:721
1552:xG11
1544:xG10
1539:936
1507:754
1499:626
1491:736
1483:726
1475:621
1467:521
1313:11.6
1300:24.5
1287:23.0
1274:20.0
1261:16.0
1248:12.5
1235:11.6
1222:10.0
1078:NiMH
913:and
830:Zinc
806:1.83
740:Zinc
626:1.68
617:Zinc
593:1.63
587:1.55
584:Zinc
560:1.65
550:Zinc
524:1.72
514:Zinc
281:and
243:zinc
210:and
70:news
2457:A27
2452:A23
2394:AAA
2285:KiB
2266:KiB
2081:doi
2077:125
1719:or
1671:In
1536:xG9
1528:xG8
1520:xG7
1512:xG6
1504:xG5
1496:xG4
1488:xG3
1480:xG2
1472:xG1
1464:xG0
1362:S:
1355:P:
1209:9.5
1196:7.9
1183:6.8
1170:5.8
1157:4.8
1099:3.6
1082:1.2
1074:yes
1063:1.5
1057:yes
1046:2.3
1040:yes
1037:CTL
1023:yes
1006:yes
996:RTC
985:yes
974:3.7
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