317:
too little real income, however, the real resources of the company were dwindling, despite the considerable flotation of the stock numbers. As the imaginary books and the real company finances diverged more and more, the requirements of appearances became greater. Even the cooked books were insufficient to cover all of the company's losses, at which time it turned to mergers with, and acquisition of, new companies. Purchased companies' assets could be similarly inflated, and the increase either boost operating income or write off losses. The misreporting of assets by CUC from 1995 to 1997 is similar to that performed during the
199:. After the merger, Cendant retained its core business as a direct marketer and thereafter also specialized in hotel franchises, car rentals, travel agencies and its consumer software operations, Cendant Software. The merger of these two companies, which between them owned "a virtual monopoly in the worldwide market for full-service timeshare exchange services" according to the
195:. A competition was held internally at CUC, primarily among its senior marketing staff but open to all employees, to come up with a new corporate name. The winner was to receive dinner "anywhere in the world". No employee submission was selected to win, as the name of the company had already been decided. The new company was named
316:
Investigators found that over US$ 500 million in non-existent company income had been reported during 1996 and 1997. Membership sales revenue had been overreported and membership cancellations information held back, allowing for the company's earnings to be manipulated at will. With too much debt and
187:
It bought Sierra for $ 1.06 billion and
Davidson for $ 1.14 billion, both in stock. These acquisitions allowed CUC, as a larger outlet, to streamline its distribution network. In addition, product placements and advertisements in these software companies' products allowed CUC to find new customers in
175:
During the 1980s and early 1990s, CUC continued to grow and acquire other companies. It made strategic deals with other entertainment, communication, retail and investment companies such as
America Online and AT&T. and grew to have over 30 million customers via its mail order clubs. CUC did not
156:
CUC's main line of operations was its mail-order clubs such as
Shopper’s Advantage, AutoVantage, Traveler’s Advantage and its Comp-U-Card program, and it had been trying to find a way to streamline its clubs and sell retail through a kind of interactive television. In an age before the internet and
268:
On April 16, 1998, less than one year after the new brand was introduced, Cendant disclosed that for three years prior to the merger, CUC had fraudulently overstated its income by over US$ 500 million. This caused
Cendant stock to plummet from $ 39 to $ 20 in a single day, eventually reaching $ 9,
312:
In addition to their prison terms, Shelton and Forbes were each ordered to pay
Cendant US$ 3.275 billion in restitution. Cendant is unlikely to ever receive the full amount, as according to the payment schedule of US$ 2,000 per month ordered by the judge, it would take over 134,000 years to pay.
283:
Shelton was convicted in
January 2005 of 12 counts of fraud and related charges and sentenced to 10 years in prison. Shelton and Forbes were tried together. Although Shelton was convicted of all 12 charges brought, the jury was unable to reach a verdict for Forbes on any charge. A
276:, for the "long-running financial fraud" which, it alleged, started in 1995. The SEC stated that CUC inflated its books in order to inflate its stock price, which allowed it to use its stock to buy other companies, and in turn these
160:
CUC went through various company presidents and lost a lot of money during the 1970s. By 1979, it was losing more than $ 2 million a year. By 1983, Forbes and his company had found investors such as
93:
was a membership-based consumer services conglomerate with travel, shopping, auto, dining, home improvement and financial services offered to more than 60 million customers worldwide based in
288:
also deadlocked Forbes' second trial and a third trial was set for
September 2006. Retried and convicted, he was sentenced to 12 years on January 17, 2007. The former CUC
1290:
1631:
269:
and costing shareholders about US$ 14 billion. Cendant/CUC was eventually required to pay more than US$ 2.85 billion in class action settlements to shareholders.
1191:
1438:
956:
1291:"CUC BUYS ITS WAY INTO INTERNET TRANSACTIONS; IMAGINE AT&T OWNING THE COMPANY; NOT MOSAIC, NETSCAPE; COMMERCE THROUGH COMPUSERVE; OTHER NEWS:"
1236:
1216:
233:
After the accounting scandal, the original Comp-U-Card division was bought out by some remaining executives and reorganized into a company called
203:, caused the FTC to require "the parties to divest one of their timeshare exchange companies to re-establish a viable competitor in the market".
1170:
1117:
1105:
1035:
1335:
1378:
179:
In
February 1996, seeking to expand its operations into the field of interactive entertainment, CUC approached the software companies
106:
280:
were executed in order to generate financial reserves and purchase reserves that were intended to be "big enough to bury the fraud".
1071:
1254:
1518:
992:
1523:
1443:
1010:
1636:
1418:
1315:
1150:
1231:
272:
The
Securities and Exchange Commission brought civil charges against CUC's president Kirk Shelton and CEO and chairman
1621:
1086:
126:
971:
1186:
1177:: Chief Cooperating Witness in Cendant Accounting Fraud Sentenced to Three Years Probation, Six Months' House Arrest
1596:
1211:
176:
make any large acquisitions until 1995. Before that time, all acquisitions were relatively small and strategic.
1626:
277:
200:
1478:
658:
184:
811:
775:
Plextel
Telecommunications Inc. and Tango Communications, Inc. (later merged and renamed to Spark Services)
289:
215:
207:
1576:
1458:
1558:
1272:
729:
146:
94:
1011:"FTC Negotiates Settlement To Preserve Competition In Worldwide Market For Timeshare Exchange Services"
244:
On October 23, 2005, Cendant Corporation announced its decision to split into four separate companies:
292:
1359:"CUC INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS"
1167:
1114:
1102:
681:
306:
180:
1032:
211:
168:
but had lost nearly $ 14 million. After licensing their "interactive shopping" idea in Europe, the
150:
110:
1538:
98:
299:
161:
1503:
1463:
1403:
1363:
1320:
1067:
379:
Financial Institution Services, Inc. and Madison Financial Corporation (renamed FISI*Madison)
257:
253:
70:
1543:
854:
834:
192:
711:
credit card protection, fleet fuel cards, provider of vacation travel packages and cruises
1483:
1195:
1174:
1121:
1109:
1039:
752:
945:
1641:
1423:
1383:
1340:
1060:
918:
169:
134:
1615:
518:
318:
273:
138:
133:
after its purchase of The Source. It later offered its Shoppers Advantage service on
122:
102:
54:
44:
165:
1021:
1498:
1398:
1358:
296:
125:
service called Comp-U-Card begun in 1973, was made available online to users of
121:
Their main product, a shopping service, originally a membership telephone-based
1014:
922:
303:
249:
234:
227:
130:
28:
875:
477:
436:
285:
172:
group took CUC public in the United States in 1983 and raised $ 20 million.
206:
Cendant Software, composed of Sierra, Davidson & Associates (including
927:
705:
238:
245:
223:
196:
309:
all pleaded guilty in June 2000 to several fraud and related charges.
946:
SEC press release on bringing civil suits against Forbes and Shelton
1295:
219:
142:
82:
66:
1132:"Cendant Judge Targets September for Third Walter Forbes Trial",
1601:
1581:
342:
1439:"ONLINE BOOKSTORE'S MUSIC SITE SPINOFF GOING AFTER CD MARKET"
1013:. Federal Trade Commission. December 17, 1997. Archived from
993:"CUC TO PAY $ 2,200M IN SHARES FOR SIERRA ON-LINE, DAVIDSON"
153:, although its web based service first went online in 1995.
1336:"COMPANY NEWS; WELCOME WAGON ACQUIRED BY CUC INTERNATIONAL"
1198:: SEC compliance and enforcement challenges in the new era
640:
nationwide apartment rental information on the Internet
1115:
Dept. of Justice press release on Shelton's conviction
1087:"Cendant Case Scorecard: Government 3; Book-Cookers 0"
583:
hunting, fishing and handyman membership organization
109:
investigation into what, at the time, was the biggest
503:
third-party marketer of financial products for banks
149:
as well. It was perhaps the first company conducting
1103:
Dept. of Justice press release on Forbe's conviction
157:
sites such as Amazon.com, this idea was innovative.
76:
60:
50:
38:
26:
1353:
1351:
1059:
403:loyalty solutions and package enhancement program
601:value-added tax refunds for travelers to Europe
1399:"Press Release issued by CUC International Inc"
1206:
1204:
241:and is still located in Stamford, Connecticut.
1273:"Is Interval International owned by Marriott?"
1255:"Wrapping paper company sold for $ 31 million"
1232:"GENERAL FORM FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES"
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
8:
1519:"CUC TO ACQUIRE HEBDO MAG FOR $ 440 MILLION"
987:
985:
983:
226:, which then merged its games business with
188:demographics it had not previously reached.
21:
1249:
1247:
1144:
1142:
898:online grocery and household goods service
382:insurance and package enhancement products
218:, was sold in 1998 to the French publisher
1597:"Short Take: CUC invests in online grocer"
1310:
1308:
1306:
816:classified-advertisement magazine company
421:books of entertainment and dining coupons
328:
20:
1419:"CUC to Buy Ideon in $ 375 Million Deal"
1379:"CUC INTERNATIONAL TO BUY ADVANCE ROSS"
1237:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
1217:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
938:
347:
1632:April 1998 crimes in the United States
957:"On-Line Middleman Opens for Business"
7:
708:& National Leisure Group (NLG))
580:NAOG (North American Outdoor Group)
91:CUC (Comp-U-Card) International Inc.
34:CUC (Comp-U-Card) International Inc.
972:"Deal Brings Marketing To the Fore"
105:. In 1998, it became involved in a
1539:"Berkeley Systems Acquired by CUC"
1459:"CUC Will Buy Knowledge Adventure"
1149:Joshua Lipton (January 17, 2007).
191:In December 1997, CUC merged with
107:Securities and Exchange Commission
14:
1316:"FORM S-4 REGISTRATION STATEMENT"
796:publisher of Halbert's genealogy
544:credit card enhancement services
400:National Card Control Inc (NCCI)
1577:"Short Take: CUC buys Match.com"
1479:"MERGER PRODUCES SPARK SERVICES"
16:Former consumer services company
1151:"No Leniency For Walter Forbes"
358:Benefit Consultants, Inc.(BCI)
321:and other more recent frauds.
185:Davidson & Associates Inc.
1:
1066:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 3–9.
857:(later folded into Davidson)
622:home-buyer welcoming program
97:, US, and founded in 1973 by
1559:"THIS DAY IN SIERRA HISTORY"
1058:Howard Mark Schilit (2002).
619:GETKO (Getting to Know You)
523:marketing to new homeowners
129:in the mid-1980s, and later
900:
818:
759:
736:
713:
688:
665:
642:
603:
546:
525:
484:
461:
418:Entertainment Publications
384:
363:
361:accidental death insurance
1658:
1563:THIS DAY IN SIERRA HISTORY
1524:Crain's Cleveland Business
1444:Crain's Cleveland Business
659:Davidson & Associates
222:, which then merged with
1212:"TENDER OFFER STATEMENT"
1022:Federal Trade Commission
278:mergers and acquisitions
201:Federal Trade Commission
290:chief financial officer
237:. It was later renamed
895:NetGrocer (25% stake)
437:Interval International
208:Blizzard Entertainment
113:in corporate history.
1585:. September 25, 1997.
1062:Financial shenanigans
1033:Cendant Press Release
730:Book Stacks Unlimited
541:Credit Card Sentinel
95:Stamford, Connecticut
1605:. November 19, 1997.
1447:. February 17, 1997.
1407:. February 20, 1996.
1367:. September 1, 1995.
1299:. November 21, 1994.
1261:. December 28, 1992.
1220:. February 10, 1998.
999:. February 21, 1996.
682:Sierra Entertainment
1637:Accounting scandals
1507:. February 3, 1997.
1467:. November 6, 1996.
1387:. October 19, 1995.
1344:. February 3, 1995.
753:Knowledge Adventure
482:Online marketplace
325:Acquisition history
212:Knowledge Adventure
181:Sierra On-Line Inc.
151:electronic commerce
62:Number of locations
23:
1622:Corporate scandals
1487:. August 15, 1997.
1194:2011-10-08 at the
1173:2009-05-31 at the
1120:2009-05-14 at the
1108:2009-05-31 at the
1038:2006-01-03 at the
976:The New York Times
961:The New York Times
871:September 25, 1997
725:September 17, 1996
565:European licensee
500:Essex Corporation
264:Accounting scandal
111:accounting scandal
1504:Avis Budget Group
1464:Los Angeles Times
1427:. April 23, 1996.
1404:Avis Budget Group
1364:Avis Budget Group
1321:Avis Budget Group
1240:. March 10, 2016.
910:
909:
891:November 19, 1997
704:Ideon (SafeCard,
700:February 20, 1996
677:February 20, 1996
654:February 20, 1996
473:November 21, 1994
258:Avis Budget Group
254:Wyndham Worldwide
88:
87:
22:CUC International
1649:
1607:
1606:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1565:. July 24, 2008.
1555:
1549:
1548:
1547:. April 7, 1997.
1535:
1529:
1528:
1527:. July 24, 1997.
1515:
1509:
1508:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1415:
1409:
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1395:
1389:
1388:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1324:. June 21, 1996.
1312:
1301:
1300:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1208:
1199:
1184:
1178:
1168:Dept. of Justice
1165:
1159:
1158:
1146:
1137:
1130:
1124:
1100:
1094:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1065:
1055:
1042:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1017:on May 14, 2009.
1007:
1001:
1000:
989:
978:
969:
963:
954:
948:
943:
928:Worldcom scandal
904:
892:
872:
855:Gryphon Software
851:
835:Berkeley Systems
831:
822:
808:
790:
772:
763:
749:
748:November 5, 1996
740:
726:
717:
701:
692:
678:
669:
655:
646:
634:
633:February 6, 1996
616:
607:
595:
594:October 18, 1995
577:
559:
550:
538:
529:
515:
514:February 2, 1995
497:
488:
474:
465:
453:
433:
415:
397:
388:
376:
367:
355:
329:
293:Cosmo Corigliano
216:Gryphon Software
193:HFS Incorporated
24:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1627:Corporate crime
1612:
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1484:Chicago Tribune
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1284:
1279:. May 11, 2020.
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1196:Wayback Machine
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1175:Wayback Machine
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1122:Wayback Machine
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1110:Wayback Machine
1101:
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1040:Wayback Machine
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807:August 15, 1997
806:
789:January 8, 1997
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307:Casper Sabatino
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162:Reader's Digest
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31:
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1424:New York Times
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1384:New York Times
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1341:New York Times
1327:
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1179:
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1134:Bloomberg News
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919:Affinion Group
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706:Wright Express
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576:September 1995
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239:Affinion Group
170:Morgan Stanley
135:America Online
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1136:, May 5, 2006
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1073:0-07-138626-2
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830:April 1, 1997
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348:References
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297:comptroller
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1616:Categories
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558:March 1995
537:March 1995
459:gift wrap
441:timeshare
304:accountant
250:Travelport
235:Trilegiant
228:Activision
131:CompuServe
127:The Source
29:Trade name
1259:GoUpstate
876:Match.com
860:software
850:July 1997
839:software
812:Hebdo Mag
762:50−100MIL
757:software
686:software
663:software
637:Rent Net
478:NetMarket
338:Business
295:, former
286:hung jury
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83:Worldwide
1192:Archived
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913:See also
691:1,060MIL
668:1,140MIL
335:Company
71:Domestic
1093:archive
1091:Fortune
880:dating
778:dating
739:4.85MIL
549:22.5MIL
341:Value (
246:Realogy
224:Vivendi
197:Cendant
139:Prodigy
117:History
39:Founded
1155:Forbes
1070:
821:440MIL
734:books
716:375MIL
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147:Delphi
1642:Fraud
1544:Wired
1296:AdAge
793:NUMA
528:20MIL
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332:Date
220:Havas
143:GEnie
1602:CNET
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1068:ISBN
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