426:-based platform intended for use either with any security access scheme—whether it is CableCARD 2.0 devices or future downloadable security schemes. OCAP was tied to CableCARDs because, as it was imagined by CableLabs, the additional processing necessary for managing the communication with the cable company server would be performed, not on the cable company provided equipment (the CableCARD), but on the consumer electronics device—known as the CableCARD "Host". CE companies objected that OCAP is unnecessary for the simple task of managing two-way communications on the cable networks. The CEA perspective is that Java is not efficient for CE devices, and that cable companies are passing to CE manufacturers the costs of a software platform which they didn't need, and which won't run on their existing hardware architectures.
419:. The CableCARD Host Licensing Agreement and the DCAS agreement restrict the technologies that CE companies may use for distributing video from host devices. CE companies object to this expanding the notion of CableCARD network security issues to also include content protection issues. They prefer to deal with content owners directly with their standards and regard cable company protocols and formats as a transport only. CE companies wish to communicate video inside the home network using their own protected protocols and formats.
107:...assure the commercial availability to consumers of multichannel video programming and other services offered over multichannel video programming systems, of converter boxes, interactive communications equipment, and other equipment used by consumers to access multichannel video programming and other services offered over multichannel video programming systems, from manufacturers, retailers, and other vendors not affiliated with any multichannel video programming distributor.
480:(CEA). The portion of the CableCARD specs that could be agreed upon describe how one-way services work, so only the portion known as UDCP (Unidirectional Digital Cable Product) was required by the FCC. As it was the only thing required, most of the early devices were one-way capable; however all the actual CableCARDs produced were two-way capable. Many enhancements to the CableCARD standard including the optional Multi-Stream support became known as CableCARD 2.0.
267:
245:
219:. CableCARD support is most common on higher end televisions that include a special slot for the CableCARD and a built-in cable tuner. The card acts like a unique "key" to unlock the channels and services to which the cable customer has subscribed, and the television's remote-control will also control the cable channels. Televisions that support CableCARD should be labeled by the manufacturer as "
31:
137:
banned from providing equipment with an integrated security access mechanism. This rule is usually referred to as the "integration ban", and was unsuccessfully challenged in the courts and petitions to the FCC by the cable operators. The deadline was shifted forward twice until it went into effect on July 1, 2007. The ban on integrated security ended in
December 2015.
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expensive, but the host will not necessarily be able to support the envisioned ecommerce and banking applications. CE companies argue that such a card fulfills the 1996 law's requirement that cable companies allow two-way communication on their networks, and that OCAP fulfills technical goals far in excess of those necessary for such two-way communications.
128:
used by third-party devices to access digital cable networks. The separable security device was referred to in FCC regulations as a "Point of
Deployment" (POD) module. After many requests for delay from the cable industry, the first CableCARD devices became available from third-party manufacturers in August 2004.
127:
The FCC was charged with working with the industry to carry out the directives of the 1996 law. On June 11, 1998, after securing proposals and recommendations from interested parties, the FCC ordered that cable companies would provide a separable security access device by July 1, 2000, which could be
433:
proposed in
November 2006 that the CableCARD 2.0 specification be upgraded to include the provision for modified MCards that would support the communications necessary for VOD, PPV, and Switched Video. This card would be backward compatible with older cards, and support would be required for them on
516:
There was much resistance from cable operators to the CableCARD rollout across the United States, preferring to support their own set-top boxes. The adoption proceeded slowly with 141,000 units by
February 2006. The resistance softened somewhat with the July 2007 FCC ban on integrated security in
465:
The first test tool to verify compliance of the CableCARD devices with the OpenCable specifications, Host
Emulator Tool, and produced by Margi Systems, was first utilized by CableLabs to validate the Scientific Atlanta (Cisco) and Motorola POD devices in 2003 (POD was later renamed to CableCard).
310:
with current CableCARD devices. In older CableCARD devices that do not support multiple streams, the card appears to be a single stream card. CE companies have long wanted M-Cards for their CableCARD 1.0 host devices in order to compete with devices that use multiple tuners. This is important for
517:
set-top boxes, which required all new set-top boxes to use CableCARDs as their decryption mechanism. By June 2009, the top 10 "incumbent" U.S. cable operators had deployed more than 14 million operator-supplied set-tops with CableCARDs and 437,800 CableCARD modules for use in retail devices. The
136:
A major concern was that cable operators were not motivated to provide efficient security access mechanisms to equipment competitors. To address this, the FCC directed that by
January 1, 2005, that cable operators must use the same separable access device available to third-parties and they were
521:
reported in April 2016 that only 621,400 CableCARDs were deployed for use in retail devices by the nine largest incumbent cable operators, compared to 55 million operator-supplied set-top boxes with CableCARDs. This indicates that the CableCARD failed to achieve the goal of a competitive retail
210:
system. (This applies to one-way devices only; two-way devices are capable of receiving and viewing switched video. The ability for one-way devices to receive and view switched video has changed with the addition of the Tuning
Resolver Interface Specification. Tuning adaptors and tuning adaptor
230:
rely on the CableCARD Host device being an OpenCable Host Device and have nothing to do with the physical card. This makes the common use of the phrase "CableCARD 2.0" as a requirement for video on demand misleading, since two way services have been provided with the actual cards from the very
438:
for a variety of reasons elaborated on in the issues segment of this article. The technical advantage is that much less is assumed about the computing capability of the host, allowing the manufacturing cost to be significantly reduced. The disadvantage is that the MCard will be slightly more
451:, a research group run by a consortium of cable companies. Devices that use CableCARDs are known as "Hosts" and must be certified as compliant with the specification by CableLabs. The certification process can be lengthy and is performed in batches on a regular cycle every three months.
76:
industry to allow devices from non-cable companies to access content on the cable networks. Some technologies not only refer to the physical card, but also to a device ("Host") that uses the card. Some CableCARD technologies can be used with devices that have no physical CableCARD.
606:
In
September 2020, the FCC eliminated CableCARD support and reporting requirements by cable operators, recognizing that cable industry deployment and use of CableCARDs have been “disappointing”, and noting that competition has provided other options for consumer flexibility via
395:
The CableCARD 2.0 specification includes support for #1-4, interactive two-way communications; however it is unknown exactly when CableCARD 2.0 hosts and compatible servers will become available. Future devices which support CableCARD 2.0 are expected to be labeled
599:(DCAS) be used instead of a physical CableCARD. In this proposal, a custom security chip must be soldered into every compliant host; if a security scheme is compromised, a new security program can be downloaded to the host device. The FCC has not yet approved it.
190:
decoder are part of the host equipment. The card performs any conditional access and decryption functions, and provides a MPEG-2 transport stream to the host. The card also receives messages sent over the out-of-band signaling channel by the cable company's
298:
A "single-stream" CableCARD (S-CARD) can decode a single channel at a time. The S-CARD specification was initially specified in the Host-POD Interface (SCTE 28) and POD Copy
Protection System (SCTE 41) standards (often referred to as CableCARD 1.0) set of
594:
There are still many in the cable industry who are advocating that physical CableCARDs be dropped entirely. These cable companies prefer to move away from physical cards, and have proposed that a downloadable security component known as
84:, to provide a robust competitive retail market for set-top boxes so consumers did not have to use proprietary equipment from the cable operators. It was believed that this would provide consumers with more choices and lower costs.
602:
Consumer electronic companies advocate their proposal for more unfettered access to cable company networks, with CableLabs' role reduced to addressing only cable company interests of maintaining network stability and security.
119:
requiring telephone companies to allow consumers to purchase third-party telephones for attachment to the phone company network. The thought was that consumers would benefit from wider choices due to competition between
434:
cable company servers by
January 2008. These modified MCards would not allow two-way communication using current OCURs, which, by definition, are unidirectional. This so-called "OCAP-less" proposal was rejected by the
490:) are classified as cable services and must, by FCC rules, also support the CableCARD standard. In Canada, cable providers Cogeco and Shaw offer CableCARD-enabled DVRs. Video providers in Europe must conform to the
1402:
Document may be retrieved by visiting the FCC document search site, and entering "Consumer Electronics Association" in field 4. In field 7, enter 11/07/2006 in the From and To: dates. Appendix A is the third
469:
Cable companies in the United States are required to provide CableCARDs conforming to this specification, and must correct incompatibilities between their networks and certified CableCARD devices.
211:
interfaces have been added to provide communication back to the headend needed for switched video.) CableCARDs are not necessary for viewing unscrambled digital cable channels if the user has a
87:
A 2020 FCC decision removed the requirement for cable companies to provide CableCARDs, but they are still required to provide consumer access options via "separable security".
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1961:
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473:
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2189:
1986:
2209:
679:
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1093:
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No actual M-Cards were released before the introduction of CableCARD 2.0, which combined and enhanced the CableCARD 1.0 and Multi-Stream standards. M-Cards are
331:, which need to record one show while a user is watching another. To enable this without an M-Card, these products would be required to use multiple S-CARDs.
2219:
1856:
911:
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in 2006. The "M-UDCP Device Acceptance Test Plan" published by CableLabs defines how to use the HPNX Pro test tool to validate the OpenCable host devices.
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724:
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1237:
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The first test tool to verify compliance of OpenCable hosts with the CableCARD one-way single stream specifications, HPNX, was released by SCM and
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A "multi-Stream" CableCARD (M-Card) can decode up to six channels simultaneously. Multi-stream cards were specified in a separate document in 2003.
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Cable providers in the United States are required by the FCC to support the CableCARD 2.0 standard. The specification was developed by
111:
Multichannel video programming refers to cable or satellite television. A driving motivation of this passage was to foster the kind of
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964:
568:
100:
836:
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The current CableCARD standard was borne out of an adversarial process between two main groups: cable companies represented by the
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1388:"Proposal for Bi-Directional Digital Cable Compatibility and Related Issues- Access to Basic Interactive Services"
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set or a set-top box) in order to identify and authorize the customer, and to provide proprietary decoding of the
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controller with the host providing modulation and demodulation functions and the card providing decoding and
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in 2003. Subsequently, the HPNX Pro version, supporting two-way and M-card specifications, was released by
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2003:
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company. The card is usually provided by the local cable operator, typically for a nominal monthly fee.
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A slot for the current version of CableCARD, which allows decryption of encrypted digital channels
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Because the conditional access system is in software, it can be sent with the video as a form of
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standard which is a more comprehensive open standard governed by independent standards bodies.
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of video and ensures that only authorized subscribers may view it. This is also known as a "
66:
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1901:
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227:
112:
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164:-679 and others. The physical CableCARD is inserted into a slot in the host (typically a
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2019:
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Uniquely identify the customer and authorize the features to which they have subscribed
207:
58:
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functionality; however this feature is rarely used and depends on the cable provider.
99:
which resulted in the creation of CableCARDs is known as Section 629, instructing the
80:
The CableCARD was the outcome of a U.S. federal government objective, directed in the
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2139:
1742:
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537:
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Outside the United States, CableCARDs were adopted only in South Korea, in pair with
255:
172:
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1633:
1579:
584:
487:
357:
244:
30:
1444:
887:"CableLabs Awards Qualification to Scientific Atlanta for Multi-Stream CableCARD"
404:". Among other requirements, CableCARD 2.0 hosts will be required to provide the
2385:
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2264:
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1971:
1926:
1911:
1804:
1648:
1628:
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Decode scrambled digital channels and premium programming such as movie channels
176:
62:
72:
In a broader context, CableCARD refers to a set of technologies created by the
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116:
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153:
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763:"First FCC Report and Order:Commercial Availability of Navigation Devices"
700:
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2029:
1676:
1574:
1036:"Re: CS Docket No. 97-80 (Commercial Availability of Navigation Devices)"
988:
612:
548:
17:
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for the Point of Deployment (POD) module defined by standards including
2406:
2314:
2144:
1653:
579:. Unlike CableCARD, AllVid intended to enable two-way services such as
505:
409:
384:
Built-in support for receiving digital cable channels (via an internal
280:
42:
497:
CableCARDs can also support non-television functions and can act as a
339:
Existing integrated cable set-top boxes perform four basic functions:
2401:
2299:
1784:
1643:
1167:
1034:
National Cable & Telecommunications Association (27 April 2016).
576:
45:
device that allows consumers in the United States to view and record
2336:
2127:
2115:
2110:
2044:
2039:
1779:
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1623:
536:(CA) systems. U.S. adoptions of CableCARD were mostly paired with
29:
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2105:
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2071:
2034:
1704:
1414:
343:
Enable receiving and selecting digital and analog cable channels
316:
187:
157:
1838:
1484:
912:"M-UDCP Device Acceptance Test Plan TP-ATP-M-UDCP-I02-20070105"
618:
Comcast will stop activating CableCARDs on October 24, 2024.
476:(NCTA) and consumer electronics companies represented by the
1292:"A CableCARD That Hasn't Been Able to Kill the Set-Top Box"
279:
The physical CableCARD inserted into the host device is a
656:"FCC Abandons CableCARD, Navigation Devices Rule Review"
124:(CE) manufacturers unaffiliated with cable companies.
1238:"CableCARD 2_0 What's the hold up — Engadget HD"
412:, to run programs downloaded from the cable company.
115:
that resulted after the Federal government landmark
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2431:
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2012:
1947:
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1769:
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1713:
1685:
1593:
1550:
1522:
474:
National Cable & Telecommunications Association
1437:"Exploding CEA's Myths about the Integration Ban"
1413:. Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers (
1163:"Why Big Cable Fears AllVid—and Why It Shouldn't"
1184:"CableCARD era at Comcast is drawing to a close"
1408:"ANSI/SCTE 28 2004 HOST-POD Interface Standard"
862:"Testing Platform for OpenCable Specs Launched"
422:The OpenCable Application Platform (OCAP) is a
352:Provide interactive two-way communications for
105:
443:Existing standard and certification procedures
1850:
1496:
864:. TVtechnlogy.com. 2003-05-22. Archived from
8:
831:
829:
808:"Fold 'Em: CableCARD Mandate Ends This Week"
654:September 2020, Gary Arlen 10 (2020-09-10).
294:There are two kinds of physical CableCARDs:
917:. Cablelabs.com. 2007-01-05. Archived from
889:. Cablelabs.com. 2006-04-06. Archived from
678:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
206:channels as long as they are not part of a
2558:History of television in the United States
2240:
1879:
1857:
1843:
1835:
1503:
1489:
1481:
1312:. ars technica. 2006-02-06. Archived from
175:signal without the need for a proprietary
1259:. engadgethd. 2007-06-15. Archived from
1240:. engadgethd. 2007-06-18. Archived from
1221:. engadgethd. 2007-06-22. Archived from
965:"TiVo Service from Cogeco ® Quick Guide"
1359:"CableCARD Interface 2.0 Specification"
643:
195:servers and forwards them to the host.
2310:Downloadable Conditional Access System
2169:Template:American broadcast television
1193:
723:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
716:
671:
597:Downloadable Conditional Access System
198:CableCARDs may be used to access both
2538:Cable television in the United States
2174:Template:Canadian television networks
1182:Baumgartner, Jeff (August 26, 2024).
1070:"Obama Signs CableCARD Death Warrant"
519:National Cable Television Association
7:
2163:Digital multicast television network
649:
647:
258:) multi-stream CableCARD or "M-card"
944:"CableCard Swipes at Set-Top Boxes"
372:and other devices that are labeled
215:—a feature in some televisions and
2265:Interactive-digital-cable-ready TV
1366:Cable Television Laboratories, Inc
1161:Wolf, Michael (11 February 2014).
335:CableCARDs with personal computers
25:
2548:Digital rights management systems
2533:Audiovisual introductions in 2004
1982:U.S. Converter Box Coupon Program
787:"Set-top shakeup is in the cards"
569:Federal Communications Commission
101:Federal Communications Commission
1934:Metropolitan Television Alliance
1468:
478:Consumer Electronics Association
265:
243:
1907:Distributed transmission system
575:for a successor system, called
402:Interactive digital cable ready
2270:OpenCable Application Platform
1699:Advanced Access Content System
1329:"FAQ: CableCARD? What's that?"
1276:"FAQ: CableCARD? What's that?"
739:"FCC News Report No. CS 98-11"
406:OpenCable Application Platform
97:Telecommunications Act of 1996
82:Telecommunications Act of 1996
74:United States cable television
1:
633:Quadrature phase-shift keying
272:The backside of the same card
226:Interactive features such as
1443:. 2006-01-02. Archived from
1368:. 2006-01-26. Archived from
1344:"CableCARDs — A Primer"
1290:Taub, Eric A. (2006-07-03).
1257:"There is no CableCARD 2.0"
1010:"CableCARD - Light Reading"
942:Chris Kohler (2008-08-28).
839:. OpenCable. Archived from
789:. CNET News.com. 2007-07-01
2589:
1977:Digital television adapter
1200:: CS1 maint: url-status (
522:market for set-top boxes.
2487:Channel protection ratios
2477:Active Format Description
2398:Digital Satellite Service
2220:wireless spectrum auction
1818:
1570:Conditional-access module
1537:Conditional access system
1516:digital rights management
1346:. Audioholics. 2004-10-12
989:"CableCARD Not Validated"
628:Conditional-access module
581:electronic program guides
543:(originally developed by
417:digital rights management
354:electronic program guides
289:conditional-access module
2135:Serial digital interface
2123:Ultra high-definition TV
1967:Digital channel election
1957:All-Channel Receiver Act
1219:"CableCARD 2.0 is ready"
1151:(adopted April 21, 2010)
1127:AllVid Notice of Inquiry
27:Digital cable smart card
2497:Hierarchical modulation
2004:Digital video recorders
1693:Content Scramble System
327:and CableCARD-equipped
61:on equipment such as a
51:digital video recorders
49:television channels on
2568:Television terminology
2253:Digital-cable-ready TV
2084:Enhanced-definition TV
2067:Standard-definition TV
1094:"Products - CableCARD"
408:(OCAP), also known as
360:, video on demand, or
109:
35:
1310:"CableCARD: A Primer"
1188:www.lightreading.com/
563:Successor initiatives
283:type II that handles
34:A Motorola CableCARD.
33:
2507:Standards conversion
1884:Digital broadcasting
1512:Broadcast encryption
1477:at Wikimedia Commons
431:electronics industry
122:consumer electronics
2183:National deployment
1897:Digital subchannels
893:on October 11, 2013
378:Digital cable ready
370:digital televisions
323:, televisions with
308:backward compatible
235:Physical CableCARDs
221:digital cable ready
200:standard definition
179:. The cable tuner,
95:The portion of the
2553:Digital television
2364:Telus Satellite TV
2347:GlobeCast World TV
2101:High-definition TV
1994:Analog passthrough
1949:Digital switchover
1866:Digital television
1771:Analogue broadcast
1686:Digital video disc
1629:Irdeto Cryptoworks
1542:Renewable security
1524:Conditional access
1331:. CNET. 2005-01-20
1296:The New York Times
1278:. CNET. 2005-01-20
1147:2017-12-08 at the
1132:2015-03-12 at the
837:"CableCARD Primer"
545:Scientific Atlanta
534:conditional access
329:personal computers
325:picture-in-picture
252:Scientific Atlanta
166:digital television
141:Technical overview
65:not provided by a
55:personal computers
36:
2520:
2519:
2502:Pirate decryption
2472:14:9 aspect ratio
2391:Claro Puerto Rico
2360:Bell Satellite TV
2323:
2322:
2230:
2229:
2013:Digital standards
1922:National Datacast
1832:
1831:
1761:Pirate decryption
1723:Authorized domain
1473:Media related to
1417:). Archived from
1393:. FCC. 2006-11-07
924:on August 7, 2011
814:. 2 December 2015
768:. FCC. 1998-06-24
744:. FCC. 2006-08-18
660:Multichannel News
573:notice of inquiry
311:products such as
117:Carterfone ruling
41:is a special-use
16:(Redirected from
2580:
2465:Technical issues
2241:
2156:Digital networks
1902:Virtual channels
1880:
1868:in North America
1859:
1852:
1845:
1836:
1612:Cisco Videoscape
1560:Common Interface
1505:
1498:
1491:
1482:
1472:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1432:
1430:
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1423:
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1401:
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1374:
1363:
1354:
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1305:
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1205:
1199:
1191:
1179:
1173:
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1158:
1152:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1104:. Archived from
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1049:on 14 March 2020
1045:. Archived from
1040:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1014:lightreading.com
1006:
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714:
712:
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699:. Archived from
698:
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684:
683:
677:
669:
667:
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651:
460:Digital Keystone
456:Digital Keystone
269:
247:
113:consumer choices
67:cable television
21:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2512:Video on demand
2460:
2427:
2319:
2292:Subscription TV
2286:
2226:
2190:List by country
2178:
2151:
2008:
1943:
1869:
1863:
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1765:
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1214:
1212:Further reading
1209:
1192:
1181:
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1160:
1159:
1155:
1149:Wayback Machine
1134:Wayback Machine
1124:
1120:
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715:
709:
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703:
696:
694:"Archived copy"
692:
691:
687:
670:
664:
662:
653:
652:
645:
641:
624:
609:streaming media
589:video on demand
571:(FCC) issued a
565:
514:
486:services (e.g.
445:
337:
299:specifications.
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
270:
261:
260:
259:
248:
237:
228:video on demand
204:high definition
143:
134:
132:Integration ban
93:
59:television sets
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2586:
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2494:
2489:
2484:
2482:Broadcast flag
2479:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2456:Telus Optik TV
2453:
2448:
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2171:
2165:
2159:
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2153:
2152:
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2149:
2148:
2147:
2140:Smart antennas
2137:
2132:
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2130:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2098:
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2096:
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2064:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
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2037:
2032:
2027:
2020:ATSC standards
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1979:
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1969:
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1939:Grand Alliance
1936:
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1877:
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1861:
1854:
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1830:
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1826:pay television
1819:
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1797:
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1747:
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1736:
1735:
1733:Broadcast flag
1730:
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1479:
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1464:
1463:External links
1461:
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1355:
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1287:
1272:
1253:
1234:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1174:
1153:
1118:
1100:Kudelski Group
1098:SmarDTV S.A. (
1085:
1068:Silbey, Mari.
1060:
1026:
1001:
980:
956:
934:
903:
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685:
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623:
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564:
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510:
444:
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393:
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389:
366:
365:
362:switched video
350:
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271:
264:
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241:
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208:switched video
142:
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92:
89:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2569:
2566:
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2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Digital cable
2541:
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2534:
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2256:
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2245:Digital cable
2242:
2239:
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2213:
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2205:United States
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2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:DVD recorders
1997:
1995:
1992:
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1984:
1983:
1980:
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1972:Set-top boxes
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1743:Data security
1740:
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1501:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1450:on 2007-03-23
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1424:on 2006-05-16
1420:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1389:
1385:
1375:on 2010-09-20
1371:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1345:
1341:
1330:
1326:
1316:on 2007-02-16
1315:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1277:
1273:
1263:on 2007-06-18
1262:
1258:
1254:
1244:on 2007-06-20
1243:
1239:
1235:
1225:on 2007-07-01
1224:
1220:
1216:
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1197:
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1157:
1154:
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1140:
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1131:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1108:on 2012-04-24
1107:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1075:
1074:Light Reading
1071:
1064:
1061:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
990:
984:
981:
966:
960:
957:
945:
938:
935:
920:
913:
907:
904:
892:
888:
882:
879:
868:on 2011-06-09
867:
863:
857:
854:
843:on 2009-09-29
842:
838:
832:
830:
826:
813:
809:
803:
800:
788:
782:
779:
764:
758:
755:
740:
734:
731:
726:
720:
706:on 2005-01-19
702:
695:
689:
686:
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675:
661:
657:
650:
648:
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631:
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619:
616:
614:
610:
604:
600:
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586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:In 2010, the
562:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
539:
535:
532:
528:
523:
520:
511:
509:
507:
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493:
489:
485:
484:Optical cable
481:
479:
475:
470:
467:
463:
461:
457:
452:
450:
442:
440:
437:
432:
429:The consumer
427:
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411:
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229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
173:digital cable
171:
167:
163:
160:28, SCTE 41,
159:
155:
151:
147:
140:
138:
131:
129:
125:
123:
118:
114:
108:
104:
102:
98:
90:
88:
85:
83:
78:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:digital cable
44:
40:
32:
19:
2446:Bell Fibe TV
2376:DigiCipher 2
2342:Dish Network
2329:Satellite TV
2304:
1822:free-to-view
1751:Card sharing
1531:
1452:. Retrieved
1445:the original
1426:. Retrieved
1419:the original
1395:. Retrieved
1377:. Retrieved
1370:the original
1348:. Retrieved
1333:. Retrieved
1318:. Retrieved
1314:the original
1299:. Retrieved
1295:
1280:. Retrieved
1265:. Retrieved
1261:the original
1246:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1227:. Retrieved
1223:the original
1187:
1177:
1166:
1156:
1125:
1121:
1110:. Retrieved
1106:the original
1097:
1088:
1077:. Retrieved
1073:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1042:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1013:
1004:
993:. Retrieved
991:. 2016-03-08
983:
972:. Retrieved
970:. 2015-08-18
959:
948:. Retrieved
937:
926:. Retrieved
919:the original
906:
895:. Retrieved
891:the original
881:
870:. Retrieved
866:the original
856:
845:. Retrieved
841:the original
816:. Retrieved
811:
802:
791:. Retrieved
781:
770:. Retrieved
757:
746:. Retrieved
733:
708:. Retrieved
701:the original
688:
663:. Retrieved
659:
617:
605:
601:
593:
585:pay-per-view
566:
559:CA systems.
556:
540:
524:
515:
496:
488:Verizon Fios
482:
471:
468:
464:
453:
446:
428:
421:
414:
397:
394:
373:
367:
358:pay-per-view
338:
305:
293:
291:" function.
278:
225:
197:
145:
144:
135:
126:
110:
106:
94:
86:
79:
71:
38:
37:
2563:Set-top box
2386:Shaw Direct
2369:Dish MĂ©xico
2352:Free-to-air
1987:legislation
1927:UpdateLogic
1912:Datacasting
1892:ATSC tuners
1875:Terrestrial
1805:Videocipher
1649:Nagravision
1595:Smart cards
1585:Syndication
946:. Wired.com
557:MediaCipher
527:Nagravision
499:cable modem
380:) contain:
231:beginning.
184:demodulator
177:set-top box
150:trademarked
63:set-top box
2527:Categories
2441:U-verse TV
2421:Sky Mexico
2416:Sky Brazil
2282:Must-carry
2277:Encryption
2258:QAM tuners
2215:transition
1917:Guide Plus
1810:VideoCrypt
1672:Verimatrix
1667:Mediaguard
1634:Digicipher
1617:VideoGuard
1599:encryption
1454:2006-12-28
1428:2006-06-08
1397:2006-12-26
1379:2006-06-08
1350:2006-06-08
1335:2006-06-08
1320:2006-06-08
1301:2006-07-03
1282:2006-06-08
1267:2007-07-06
1248:2007-07-06
1229:2007-07-06
1112:2021-11-26
1079:2021-07-31
1053:26 January
995:2016-04-28
974:2016-04-28
950:2009-09-16
928:2015-06-14
897:2015-06-14
872:2009-11-04
847:2009-09-16
818:27 January
793:2007-07-02
772:2006-12-26
748:2006-12-26
710:2006-12-28
665:2021-07-31
639:References
531:VideoGuard
319:CableCARD
285:decryption
148:is a term
103:(FCC) to:
91:Background
2492:HDTV blur
2305:CableCARD
2060:full list
1962:SAFER Act
1820:See also
1800:Oak Orion
1790:EuroCrypt
1532:CableCARD
1475:CableCARD
1403:document.
611:over the
449:CableLabs
386:QAM tuner
223:" (DCR).
213:QAM tuner
170:encrypted
154:CableLabs
146:CableCARD
39:CableCARD
18:CableCard
2355:receiver
2030:ATSC-M/H
1773:encoding
1677:Viaccess
1575:DVB-CPCM
1196:cite web
1145:Archived
1130:Archived
1019:11 April
812:Cablefax
719:cite web
674:cite web
622:See also
613:Internet
551:'s (now
549:Motorola
541:PowerKEY
512:Adoption
2451:FibreOP
2407:DirecTV
2315:Tru2way
2145:CEA-909
1654:PowerVu
1139:FCC Rcd
1043:FCC.gov
538:Cisco's
506:routing
410:Tru2way
364:streams
281:PC Card
193:headend
43:PC Card
2573:PCMCIA
2402:DVB-S2
2300:AllVid
2200:Mexico
2195:Canada
1795:Leitch
1785:CGMS-A
1701:(AACS)
1644:KeyFly
1168:GigaOM
587:, and
577:AllVid
547:) and
186:, and
2337:DVB-S
2236:Cable
2128:2160p
2116:1080p
2111:1080i
2045:E-VSB
2040:A-VSB
1780:B-MAC
1728:B-CAS
1695:(CSS)
1624:Conax
1448:(PDF)
1422:(PDF)
1411:(PDF)
1391:(PDF)
1373:(PDF)
1362:(PDF)
1137:, 25
1039:(PDF)
968:(PDF)
922:(PDF)
915:(PDF)
766:(PDF)
742:(PDF)
704:(PDF)
697:(PDF)
553:Arris
256:Cisco
254:(now
2433:IPTV
2412:Vrio
2381:4DTV
2210:HDTV
2167:see
2106:720p
2094:576p
2089:480p
2077:576i
2072:480i
2055:PMCP
2050:PSIP
2035:8VSB
2025:ATSC
1824:and
1664:SECA
1639:HDCP
1607:BISS
1597:and
1514:and
1441:NCTA
1415:SCTE
1202:link
1142:4275
1055:2017
1021:2018
820:2017
725:link
680:link
529:and
436:NCTA
424:Java
398:iDCR
368:New
321:DVRs
317:TiVo
315:and
313:Moxi
217:DVRs
202:and
188:MPEG
158:SCTE
57:and
1756:FTA
1715:DRM
1705:BD+
1659:RAS
1580:FTV
1565:CSA
1552:DVB
492:DVB
374:DCR
181:QAM
162:CEA
152:by
2529::
1439:.
1364:.
1294:.
1198:}}
1194:{{
1186:.
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1012:.
828:^
810:.
721:}}
717:{{
676:}}
672:{{
658:.
646:^
615:.
591:.
583:,
555:)
503:IP
356:,
250:A
53:,
2414:/
2400:/
2362:/
1858:e
1851:t
1844:v
1504:e
1497:t
1490:v
1457:.
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