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Where for voting to occur the (P)robability the vote will matter "times" the (B)enefit of one candidate winning over another combined with the feeling of civic (D)uty, must be greater than the (C)ost of voting
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which predicts voting behaviour by an electorate, including such features as participation rate. A calculus of voting represents a hypothesized decision-making process.
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in an attempt to capture the relative importance of various factors influencing an elector to vote (or not vote) in a particular way.
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208:= citizen duty, goodwill feeling, psychological and civic benefit of voting (this term is not included in Downs's original model)
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196:= “utility” benefit of voting--differential benefit of one candidate winning over the other
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Riker, William and Peter
Ordeshook. 1968. “A Theory of the Calculus of Voting.”
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184:= the proxy for the probability that the voter will turn out
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16:Mathematical model that predicts voting behaviour
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202:= costs of voting (time/effort spent)
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190:= probability of vote “mattering”
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