2156:
2180:
37:
2168:
1170:
St-Onge, Maude; Anseeuw, Kurt; Cantrell, Frank Lee; Gilchrist, Ian C.; Hantson, Philippe; Bailey, Benoit; Lavergne, Valéry; Gosselin, Sophie; Kerns, William; Laliberté, Martin; Lavonas, Eric J.; Juurlink, David N.; Muscedere, John; Yang, Chen-Chang; Sinuff, Tasnim; Rieder, Michael; Mégarbane, Bruno
774:
Soar, J; Perkins, GD; Abbas, G; Alfonzo, A; Barelli, A; Bierens, JJ; Brugger, H; Deakin, CD; Dunning, J; Georgiou, M; Handley, AJ; Lockey, DJ; Paal, P; Sandroni, C; Thies, KC; Zideman, DA; Nolan, JP (October 2010). "European
Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 8. Cardiac
486:
More than 10,000 cases of potential calcium channel blocker toxicity occurred in the United States in 2010. When death occurs in medicine overdose, heart medications are the cause more than 10% of time. The three most common types of heart medications that result in this outcome are calcium channel
323:
Calcium channel blockers, also known as calcium channel antagonists, are widely used for a number of health conditions. Thus they are commonly present in many people's homes. In young children one pill may cause serious health problems and potentially death. The calcium channel blocker that caused
388:
The medical management of CCB toxicity may be difficult. It may not improve with the usual treatments used for a low blood pressure and a slow heart rate. Those who have no symptoms or signs six hours following taking an immediate release formulation and 24 hours after taking an extended release
306:
Other potential symptoms include: nausea and vomiting, a decreased level of consciousness, and breathing difficulties. Symptoms usually begin within 6 hours of taking the medication by mouth. With extended release formulations symptoms may not occur for up to a day.
263:, calcium channel blockers have one of the highest rates of death in overdose. These medications first became available in the 1970s and 1980s. They are one of the few types of medication in which one pill can result in the death of a child.
1089:
1077:
2899:
775:
arrest in special circumstances: Electrolyte abnormalities, poisoning, drowning, accidental hypothermia, hyperthermia, asthma, anaphylaxis, cardiac surgery, trauma, pregnancy, electrocution".
400:
is recommended if it can be given within an hour or two of taking the calcium channel blockers. In those who have taken an extended release formulation of a CCB but are otherwise doing fine,
435:
may be useful and are a first line treatment in overdoses. As this treatment may cause a drop in blood sugar and blood potassium levels, these should be monitored closely.
1235:
2094:
324:
the greatest number of deaths in 2010 in the United States was verapamil. This agent is believed to cause more heart problems than many of the others.
1548:
925:
Engebretsen, KM; Kaczmarek, KM; Morgan, J; Holger, JS (Apr 2011). "High-dose insulin therapy in beta-blocker and calcium channel-blocker poisoning".
566:
2855:
740:
228:
formula was taken. Efforts to bring about vomiting are not recommended. Medications to treat the toxic effects include: intravenous fluids,
1228:
709:
2222:
667:
361:
249:
2184:
822:
640:
2904:
1665:
703:
2631:
1979:
2754:
1221:
1797:
1792:
2064:
1802:
1490:
213:
209:. Symptoms usually occur in the first six hours but with some forms of the medication may not start until 24 after hours.
1620:
255:
More than ten thousand cases of calcium channel blocker toxicity were reported in the United States in 2010. Along with
2872:
2456:
1787:
1906:
1525:
2807:
2664:
2356:
2059:
1565:
1553:
1495:
2054:
1975:
1777:
1104:
2860:
2584:
2303:
2215:
2104:
1725:
1635:
1439:
838:
Shepherd, G (Oct 1, 2006). "Treatment of poisoning caused by beta-adrenergic and calcium-channel blockers".
186:
109:
85:
2834:
2800:
1449:
546:
401:
221:
136:
117:
2172:
2690:
2602:
1772:
1675:
1655:
377:
122:
968:
2278:
2255:
2017:
1630:
1615:
1431:
1173:"Experts Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Calcium Channel Blocker Poisoning in Adults"
205:
as a result of the low blood pressure. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, and
2534:
2160:
2099:
1823:
1782:
1589:
1542:
1485:
1310:
1284:
1093:
405:
357:
206:
2829:
2739:
2675:
2515:
2478:
2208:
2012:
1876:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1660:
1520:
1335:
950:
397:
300:
284:
217:
132:
68:
61:
547:"Emergency Department Management of Calcium-Channel Blocker, Beta Blocker, and Digoxin Toxicity"
693:
2734:
2724:
2649:
2641:
2594:
2571:
2549:
2142:
1702:
1625:
1558:
1515:
1454:
1421:
1358:
1325:
1315:
1274:
1202:
1144:
1115:
1040:
942:
907:
855:
818:
792:
736:
699:
659:
636:
558:
478:
may also be used for those with low blood pressure that does not respond to other treatments.
444:
365:
345:
332:
A blood or urine test to diagnose overdose is not generally available. CCB overdose may cause
229:
140:
56:
2781:
2607:
2507:
1683:
1645:
1640:
1575:
1468:
1363:
1192:
1184:
1030:
1020:
934:
897:
889:
847:
784:
448:
225:
735:(in German) (10 ed.). Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 1037.
2839:
2794:
2411:
1862:
1650:
1570:
1368:
1350:
1155:
763:(in German). Vienna: Ă–sterreichischer Apothekerverlag. Adalat; Norvasc; Sibelium; Zanidip.
460:
413:
353:
292:
788:
2866:
2788:
2729:
2700:
2624:
2538:
2401:
2244:
2069:
2042:
1965:
1932:
1867:
1607:
1373:
1320:
1197:
1172:
1035:
1008:
902:
878:"Calcium channel antagonist and beta-blocker overdose: antidotes and adjunct therapies"
877:
475:
471:
245:
156:
90:
2893:
2759:
2525:
2419:
2336:
1937:
1828:
1750:
1598:
1383:
1340:
1256:
470:
There is tentative clinical evidence and good theoretical evidence of the benefit of
333:
312:
256:
212:
There are a number of treatments that may be useful. These include efforts to reduce
1213:
1098:
954:
2619:
2489:
2328:
2235:
1953:
1767:
1688:
698:(5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1454.
349:
241:
152:
1188:
1109:
938:
2749:
2720:
2705:
2579:
2391:
2351:
2313:
2033:
1997:
1958:
1944:
1871:
1843:
1302:
1139:
425:
296:
280:
276:
202:
194:
190:
77:
73:
2775:
2710:
2680:
2464:
2444:
2434:
2318:
2263:
2089:
1987:
1949:
1886:
1850:
1815:
1477:
1120:
464:
271:
Most people who have taken too much of a calcium channel blocker, especially
2429:
2386:
2371:
2341:
2288:
2109:
2049:
2002:
1911:
1898:
1855:
1838:
1762:
1413:
1378:
1246:
1150:
1025:
272:
163:
1206:
1044:
946:
911:
859:
796:
635:(8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. pp. Chapter 152.
562:
36:
1069:
2659:
2497:
2439:
2424:
2376:
2366:
2293:
2268:
2231:
2007:
1992:
1925:
1915:
1833:
1507:
1444:
1251:
456:
452:
409:
308:
288:
233:
198:
144:
48:
336:
levels, and this is often a sign of how severe the problem will become.
2613:
2545:
2128:
2037:
1754:
1399:
851:
488:
432:
428:
260:
237:
148:
893:
2821:
2124:
1920:
1881:
1330:
1269:
1081:
2200:
1013:
Scandinavian
Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
817:(6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. Chapter 40.
30:
Calcium channel blocker poisoning, calcium channel blocker overdose
2381:
2138:
2134:
1293:
996:(in German). Vienna: Ă–sterreichischer Apothekerverlag. Verapabene.
380:
and calcium channel blocker overdose based on signs and symptoms.
45:
2127:
is generally non-toxic metal, but in large doses it can lead to
2204:
1217:
1007:
Rothschild, L; Bern, S; Oswald, S; Weinberg, G (Oct 5, 2010).
189:(CCBs), either by accident or on purpose. This often causes a
633:
Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice
463:. Low blood pressure is treated with vasopressors such as
2900:
Poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biological substances
389:
formulation generally need no further medical treatment.
220:
taken by mouth if given shortly after the ingestion or
376:
It may not be possible to tell the difference between
185:
is the taking of too much of the medications known as
695:
Harwood-Nuss' clinical practice of emergency medicine
311:
are rare in adults but in children occur more often.
1059:
2820:
2767:
2719:
2689:
2658:
2640:
2593:
2570:
2563:
2524:
2506:
2488:
2477:
2453:
2410:
2350:
2327:
2302:
2277:
2254:
2243:
2082:
2026:
1974:
1897:
1813:
1749:
1742:
1701:
1674:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1534:
1506:
1476:
1467:
1430:
1412:
1392:
1349:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1130:
1063:
1009:"Intravenous lipid emulsion in clinical toxicology"
876:Graudins, A; Lee, HM; Druda, D (7 September 2015).
813:Olson, Kent (2011). "Calcium Channel Antagonists".
631:Marx, John A. Marx (2014). "Cardiovascular Drugs".
172:
162:
128:
116:
104:
96:
84:
67:
55:
26:
21:
51:commonly used for calcium channel blocker toxicity
2216:
1229:
8:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
808:
806:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
2567:
2485:
2251:
2223:
2209:
2201:
2119:
1746:
1603:
1594:
1473:
1298:
1289:
1236:
1222:
1214:
1060:
840:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
687:
685:
654:
652:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
35:
18:
1196:
1034:
1024:
901:
871:
869:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
303:as a reaction to the low blood pressure.
882:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
500:
352:being the most common. Others include:
487:blockers along with beta blockers and
455:. Slow heart rate can be treated with
7:
2167:
754:
752:
2179:
969:"Calcium channel blocker poisoning"
789:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.015
712:from the original on 15 August 2016
362:first-degree atrioventricular block
344:CCB toxicity can cause a number of
250:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
660:"Calcium channel blocker overdose"
412:by the use of medications such as
14:
670:from the original on 5 April 2014
2178:
2166:
2155:
2154:
569:from the original on 2014-05-14.
183:Calcium channel blocker toxicity
112:either by accident or on purpose
22:Calcium channel blocker toxicity
545:Palatnick, Wesley (Feb 2014).
80:, nausea, vomiting, sleepiness
1:
815:Poisoning & drug overdose
474:in severe overdoses of CCBs.
201:. Some CCBs can also cause a
1189:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002087
939:10.3109/15563650.2011.582471
287:). This can progress to the
551:Emergency Medicine Practice
197:. This can progress to the
2921:
1907:Arthropod bites and stings
1526:Nitrogen dioxide poisoning
992:Haberfeld, H, ed. (2015).
759:Haberfeld, H, ed. (2015).
692:Wolfson, Allan B. (2010).
2850:
2808:Prednisolone/promethazine
2789:Methylthioninium chloride
2150:
2122:
2118:
1666:Tricyclic antidepressants
1265:
731:Mutschler, Ernst (2013).
451:is considered a specific
348:abnormalities with a low
289:heart stopping altogether
199:heart stopping altogether
43:
34:
2905:Calcium channel blockers
187:calcium channel blockers
110:calcium channel blockers
2105:List of types of poison
1661:Serotonergic substances
1026:10.1186/1757-7241-18-51
557:(2): 1–19, quiz 19-20.
408:may be useful. Causing
252:may also be an option.
216:of the drug including:
2801:Potassium permanganate
2457:neuromuscular blockade
1393:Other non-toxic metals
1177:Critical Care Medicine
402:whole bowel irrigation
299:, predominantly cause
222:whole bowel irrigation
139:, intravenous fluids,
137:whole bowel irrigation
118:Differential diagnosis
2603:4-Dimethylaminophenol
1773:Ichthyoallyeinotoxism
733:Arzneimittelwirkungen
378:beta blocker toxicity
123:Beta blocker toxicity
2691:Paracetamol toxicity
2535:direct Xa inhibitors
2256:Alcohol intoxication
416:is not recommended.
2143:foodborne illnesses
2100:Lists of poisonings
1783:Shellfish poisoning
1491:Aluminium phosphide
927:Clinical Toxicology
406:polyethylene glycol
358:bundle branch block
207:shortness of breath
2877:Never to phase III
2674:Primary alcohols:
2632:Sodium thiosulfate
2516:Digoxin immune fab
2095:EPA list of hazard
1877:Alpha-Bungarotoxin
1621:Anticholinesterase
1131:External resources
852:10.2146/ajhp060041
398:Activated charcoal
301:reflex tachycardia
295:group, as well as
285:vasodilatory shock
281:low blood pressure
267:Signs and symptoms
218:activated charcoal
195:low blood pressure
168:High risk of death
133:Activated charcoal
78:low blood pressure
62:Emergency medicine
2887:
2886:
2816:
2815:
2650:Calcium gluconate
2642:Hydrofluoric acid
2595:Cyanide poisoning
2572:Arsenic poisoning
2559:
2558:
2473:
2472:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2078:
2077:
2060:Poisonous animals
1738:
1737:
1703:Vitamin poisoning
1697:
1696:
1584:
1583:
1463:
1462:
1408:
1407:
1165:
1164:
894:10.1111/bcp.12763
742:978-3-8047-2898-1
445:calcium gluconate
366:sinus tachycardia
346:electrocardiogram
340:Electrocardiogram
230:calcium gluconate
180:
179:
141:calcium gluconate
16:Medical condition
2912:
2782:Potassium iodide
2608:Hydroxocobalamin
2568:
2508:Digoxin toxicity
2486:
2252:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2202:
2182:
2181:
2170:
2169:
2158:
2157:
2131:, which is rare.
2120:
2055:Venomous animals
1747:
1604:
1595:
1496:Organophosphates
1474:
1351:Dietary minerals
1299:
1290:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1215:
1210:
1200:
1183:(3): e306–e315.
1171:(October 2016).
1061:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1028:
1004:
998:
997:
989:
983:
982:
980:
979:
965:
959:
958:
922:
916:
915:
905:
873:
864:
863:
835:
829:
828:
810:
801:
800:
771:
765:
764:
756:
747:
746:
728:
722:
721:
719:
717:
689:
680:
679:
677:
675:
656:
647:
646:
628:
571:
570:
542:
461:sympathomimetics
449:calcium chloride
334:high blood sugar
315:may also occur.
226:extended release
176:> 10,000 (US)
39:
19:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2867:Clinical trials
2846:
2840:Syrup of ipecac
2812:
2795:oxidizing agent
2763:
2715:
2694:(Acetaminophen)
2693:
2685:
2666:
2665:Ethylene glycol
2663:
2654:
2636:
2589:
2555:
2520:
2502:
2480:
2469:
2455:
2449:
2412:Opioid overdose
2406:
2358:
2357:Organophosphate
2355:
2346:
2323:
2305:
2298:
2280:
2273:
2246:
2239:
2229:
2199:
2190:
2146:
2132:
2114:
2074:
2022:
1970:
1893:
1809:
1734:
1729:
1693:
1670:
1636:Benzodiazepines
1580:
1566:Carbon monoxide
1554:Ethylene glycol
1530:
1502:
1459:
1426:
1404:
1388:
1345:
1279:
1261:
1242:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1156:article/2184611
1126:
1125:
1072:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
990:
986:
977:
975:
967:
966:
962:
924:
923:
919:
875:
874:
867:
846:(19): 1828–35.
837:
836:
832:
825:
812:
811:
804:
783:(10): 1400–33.
773:
772:
768:
758:
757:
750:
743:
730:
729:
725:
715:
713:
706:
691:
690:
683:
673:
671:
658:
657:
650:
643:
630:
629:
574:
544:
543:
502:
497:
484:
441:
422:
395:
386:
374:
354:QT prolongation
342:
330:
321:
293:dihydropyridine
277:slow heart rate
269:
203:fast heart rate
191:slow heart rate
74:Slow heart rate
17:
12:
11:
5:
2918:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2832:
2830:Copper sulfate
2826:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2732:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2701:Acetylcysteine
2697:
2695:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2669:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2625:Sodium nitrite
2622:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2542:
2539:Andexanet alfa
2530:
2528:
2526:Anticoagulants
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2483:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2402:Cholinesterase
2396:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2304:Benzodiazepine
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2070:Mycotoxicology
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2030:
2028:
2027:Related topics
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1966:Tick paralysis
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1933:Scorpion venom
1930:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1820:
1818:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1759:
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1744:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
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1727:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1676:Cardiovascular
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1601:
1599:Drug overdoses
1592:
1590:Pharmaceutical
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1482:
1480:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1409:
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1402:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
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1376:
1371:
1366:
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1353:
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1343:
1338:
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1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
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1296:
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1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
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1240:
1233:
1226:
1218:
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1163:
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1159:
1158:
1147:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1101:
1086:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:Classification
1057:
1056:External links
1054:
1051:
1050:
999:
984:
960:
917:
865:
830:
824:978-0071668330
823:
802:
766:
748:
741:
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704:
681:
666:. 2011-01-19.
648:
642:978-1455706051
641:
572:
499:
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496:
493:
483:
480:
476:Methylene blue
472:lipid emulsion
440:
437:
424:High doses of
421:
418:
394:
393:Detoxification
391:
385:
382:
373:
370:
341:
338:
329:
326:
320:
317:
291:. CCBs of the
268:
265:
246:lipid emulsion
178:
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174:
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169:
166:
160:
159:
157:lipid emulsion
130:
126:
125:
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114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
100:Within 6 hours
98:
94:
93:
91:Cardiac arrest
88:
82:
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71:
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59:
53:
52:
41:
40:
32:
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2772:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2760:Prussian blue
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2738:
2736:
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2421:
2420:Diprenorphine
2418:
2417:
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2393:
2390:
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2338:
2337:Physostigmine
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
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2257:
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2117:
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2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:Miscellaneous
2081:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2065:Deadly fungus
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
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1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
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1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1938:Charybdotoxin
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1885:
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1880:
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1875:
1874:
1873:
1869:
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1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Batrachotoxin
1827:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
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1789:
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1781:
1779:
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1731:
1726:Megavitamin-B
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
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1706:
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1440:Sulfuric acid
1438:
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1419:
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994:Austria-Codex
988:
985:
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936:
933:(4): 277–83.
932:
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899:
895:
891:
888:(3): 453–61.
887:
883:
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834:
831:
826:
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790:
786:
782:
778:
777:Resuscitation
770:
767:
762:
761:Austria-Codex
755:
753:
749:
744:
738:
734:
727:
724:
711:
707:
705:9780781789431
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531:
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347:
339:
337:
335:
327:
325:
318:
316:
314:
313:Hypocalcaemia
310:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
266:
264:
262:
258:
257:beta blockers
253:
251:
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243:
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134:
131:
127:
124:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
89:
87:
86:Complications
83:
79:
75:
72:
70:
66:
63:
60:
58:
54:
50:
47:
42:
38:
33:
29:
25:
20:
2793:
2774:
2721:Toxic metals
2620:Amyl nitrite
2612:
2490:Beta blocker
2398:
2329:GHB overdose
2183:
2171:
2159:
1954:Latrodectism
1945:spider venom
1768:Haff disease
1689:Dipyridamole
1631:Barbiturates
1541:
1303:Toxic metals
1180:
1176:
1149:
1138:
1114:
1103:
1088:
1076:
1016:
1012:
1002:
993:
987:
976:. Retrieved
972:
963:
930:
926:
920:
885:
881:
843:
839:
833:
814:
780:
776:
769:
760:
732:
726:
714:. Retrieved
694:
672:. Retrieved
663:
632:
554:
550:
485:
482:Epidemiology
469:
443:Intravenous
442:
423:
396:
387:
375:
372:Differential
350:sinus rhythm
343:
331:
322:
305:
270:
254:
242:vasopressors
236:, high dose
211:
182:
181:
153:vasopressors
147:, high dose
2863:from market
2835:Ipecacuanha
2750:Dimercaprol
2706:Glutathione
2580:Dimercaprol
2479:Circulatory
2454:Reversal of
2392:Pralidoxime
2352:Nerve agent
2314:Cyprodenate
2279:Barbiturate
2185:WikiProject
1998:Fish toxins
1959:Loxoscelism
1872:Snake venom
1844:Physalaemin
1816:vertebrates
1656:Paracetamol
1140:MedlinePlus
426:intravenous
364:, and even
297:flunarizine
97:Usual onset
27:Other names
2894:Categories
2776:iodine-131
2711:Methionine
2681:Fomepizole
2465:Sugammadex
2445:Naltrexone
2435:Nalorphine
2319:Flumazenil
2264:Metadoxine
2133:including
2090:Antibiotic
2018:Strychnine
1988:Cinchonism
1950:Latrotoxin
1899:Arthropods
1887:Batroxobin
1798:Neurotoxic
1793:Diarrhetic
1743:Biological
1486:Pesticides
1478:Phosphorus
1414:Metalloids
1116:DiseasesDB
1085:: T46.1X1A
978:2019-07-09
495:References
465:adrenaline
384:Management
214:absorption
2873:Phase III
2861:Withdrawn
2667:poisoning
2550:Protamine
2430:Nalmefene
2399:see also:
2387:Obidoxime
2372:Biperiden
2359:poisoning
2342:SCH-50911
2294:Ethamivan
2289:Bemegride
2232:Antidotes
2110:Pollution
2050:Cnidocyte
2003:Lathyrism
1916:Bee venom
1912:Bee sting
1856:Coturnism
1839:Bufotenin
1824:Amphibian
1803:Paralytic
1778:Scombroid
1763:Ciguatera
1721:Vitamin E
1716:Vitamin D
1711:Vitamin A
1432:Nonmetals
1379:Manganese
1311:Beryllium
1285:Inorganic
1247:Poisoning
1151:eMedicine
328:Diagnosis
273:diltiazem
173:Frequency
164:Prognosis
129:Treatment
108:Too much
57:Specialty
2755:Edetates
2740:thallium
2660:Methanol
2585:Succimer
2544:against
2533:against
2498:Glucagon
2440:Naloxone
2425:Doxapram
2377:Diazepam
2367:Atropine
2306:overdose
2281:overdose
2269:Thiamine
2161:Category
2013:Mushroom
1993:Ergotism
1978: /
1952: /
1926:Melittin
1914: /
1870: /
1834:Bombesin
1753: /
1730:syndrome
1559:Methanol
1521:Nicotine
1508:Nitrogen
1455:Fluoride
1450:Chlorine
1445:Selenium
1359:Chromium
1336:Thallium
1257:Overdose
1252:Toxicity
1207:27749343
1045:20923546
973:UpToDate
955:32138463
947:21563902
912:26344579
860:16990629
797:20956045
710:Archived
668:Archived
567:Archived
563:24883458
457:atropine
453:antidote
410:vomiting
309:Seizures
234:glucagon
145:glucagon
69:Symptoms
49:emulsion
2735:mercury
2725:cadmium
2676:Ethanol
2614:nitrite
2546:heparin
2245:Nervous
2173:Commons
2129:argyria
2038:Stinger
2008:Locoism
1788:Amnesic
1755:Seafood
1684:Digoxin
1651:Opioids
1646:Lithium
1641:Cocaine
1626:Aspirin
1616:Alcohol
1608:Nervous
1576:Toluene
1549:Ethanol
1543:alcohol
1516:Cyanide
1469:Organic
1422:Arsenic
1326:Mercury
1316:Cadmium
1275:History
1198:5312725
1110:D062787
1036:2958894
903:4767195
716:28 July
489:digoxin
433:glucose
429:insulin
420:Insulin
261:digoxin
238:insulin
149:insulin
2856:WHO-EM
2822:Emetic
2481:system
2382:Oximes
2247:system
2139:toxins
2135:venoms
2125:Silver
1976:Plants
1921:Apamin
1882:Ancrod
1868:Snakes
1863:Mammal
1814:Other
1571:Oxygen
1400:Silver
1369:Copper
1364:Cobalt
1331:Nickel
1294:Metals
1270:Poison
1205:
1195:
1145:002580
1043:
1033:
1019:: 51.
953:
945:
910:
900:
858:
821:
795:
739:
702:
639:
561:
414:ipecac
275:, get
224:if an
105:Causes
44:A 20%
2768:Other
2564:Other
2236:V03AB
2043:plant
1980:Fungi
1851:Birds
951:S2CID
674:9 May
439:Other
431:with
404:with
319:Cause
46:lipid
2730:lead
2036:and
2034:Bite
1751:Fish
1384:Zinc
1374:Iron
1321:Lead
1203:PMID
1121:3971
1105:MeSH
1094:9-CM
1041:PMID
943:PMID
908:PMID
856:PMID
819:ISBN
793:PMID
737:ISBN
718:2016
700:ISBN
676:2014
664:ADAM
637:ISBN
559:PMID
459:and
279:and
259:and
244:and
193:and
1535:CHO
1341:Tin
1193:PMC
1185:doi
1099:972
1090:ICD
1078:ICD
1031:PMC
1021:doi
935:doi
898:PMC
890:doi
848:doi
785:doi
447:or
2896::
2869::
2141:,
2137:,
1201:.
1191:.
1181:45
1179:.
1175:.
1154::
1143::
1119::
1108::
1097::
1082:10
1039:.
1029:.
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