114:
265:
253:
103:
295:
208:
218:
171:
283:
144:
229:
158:
134:
38:
124:
196:
823:, the chief of the Prussian general staff, had planned an offensive war to beat the federal troops before they could unite and fully use their superiority in men and equipment. The plan was successful because the untrained federal armies needed a long time for mobilization which the Prussians had prepared well. Furthermore the Prussians had one unified command which the federal side had not. Formally
184:
787:
in Würzburg on 26 July. But soon a truce was negotiated after the news had reached the
Bavarian headquarters, that the Prussians and the Austrians had signed their Armistice of Nikolsburg at the same day. At last Würzburg was occupied by the Prussians.
839:) in Frankfurt and the governments of the states which had sent troops. The communication between the federal troops was as insufficient as their reconnaissance so that they often had to react instead of acting initiatively.
947:
859:
and small parts of Hesse-Darmstadt and
Bavaria. Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt remained independent, but had to sign military alliances with Prussia. In Bavaria a fundamental
388:
747:
on 14 July. The
Federal troops had to withdraw westward to the left bank of the Main. After the Prussians had conquered Aschaffenburg and crossed the Main the way to Frankfurt and
967:
Michael Embree: Too Little, Too Late: The
Campaign in West and South Germany, June–July 1866. Published by Helion & Company, Solihull, West Midlands, England, 2015,
1200:
381:
1180:
1195:
832:
759:. The Prussians occupied the now undefended Frankfurt on 16 July and then followed the VIIIth Corps along the left bank of the Main. In the combat of
374:
828:
673:
299:
972:
943:
571:
922:. This are the official figures. According to recent research, they are incomplete. Considerably higher numbers of victims are assumed in:
783:. These battles were also won by the Prussians. The allied troops retreated to Würzburg. The Prussians followed and began to bombard the
660:. After the surrender of Hanover on June 29 these troops - including some small units of allies of Prussia - were grouped under the name
1185:
1175:
1170:
554:
811:
The
Prussian victory is more the result of better organization than of the technical superiority of the Prussian weapons like the
896:Österreichs Kämpfe im Jahre 1866. Nach Feldacten bearbeitet durch das k.k. Generalstabs-Bureau für Kriegsgeschichte. Fünfter Band
576:
824:
680:. Both corps had advanced northward to support Hanover. When Hanover surprisingly surrendered the VIIth Corps, formed by the
517:
287:
775:(25 July) the VIIIth Corps was defeated by the Prussians. At 25 July the Prussians also clashed with the Bavarians again at
881:
Feldzugs-Journal des
Oberbefehlshabers des 8ten deutschen Bundes-Armee-Corps im Feldzuge des Jahres 1866 in Westdeutschland
269:
820:
768:
527:
483:
439:
919:
664:(German for: Army of the Main) and pushed southward towards the River Main against the south German allies of Austria.
449:
903:
860:
791:
In a separate operation the 2nd
Prussian reserve corps marched into Bavaria at the north-east on 23 July and occupied
566:
454:
653:
464:
735:
while the
Prussians turned westward against the VIIIth Corps which protected Frankfurt. The Prussians crossed the
1190:
697:
581:
419:
176:
561:
127:
935:
856:
586:
137:
117:
780:
547:
497:
693:
689:
677:
537:
512:
294:
257:
211:
201:
852:
784:
776:
721:
629:
542:
507:
434:
429:
399:
188:
28:
709:
681:
657:
645:
591:
522:
502:
471:
459:
282:
264:
252:
163:
107:
102:
37:
992:
968:
939:
812:
772:
649:
532:
444:
1007:
884:
713:
984:
848:
625:
596:
424:
234:
221:
827:, the commander of the VIIth corps, was supreme commander of all the federal troops, but
918:, bearbeitet vom Generalquartiermeister-Stabe, München 1868, Beilage III, S. XVIII/XIX
704:. At first the Prussians attacked the VIIth Corps. The Bavarian troops lost battles at
147:
1164:
744:
617:
792:
621:
340:
4 divisions (Württemberg, Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, Austria / Nassau / Hesse-Kassel):
732:
883:, Eduard Zernin, Darmstadt & Leipzig 1867, p. 39 (Stand am 24. Juli 1866)
725:
705:
800:
748:
701:
685:
928:
Dieter Storz, Daniel
Hohrath (Ed.): Nord gegen Süd. Der Deutsche Krieg 1866
751:
was open. Now the VIIIth Corps abandoned
Frankfurt, moved south across the
796:
760:
752:
736:
989:
Der deutsche Krieg von 1866. Der Feldzug in West- und Mitteldeutschland
764:
740:
717:
641:
73:
716:
river. But the Prussians followed quickly across the mountains of the
366:
756:
847:
The German Confederation was abolished. Prussia annexed Hannover,
183:
69:
65:
1004:
Antheil der königlich bayerischen Armee am Kriege des Jahres 1866
916:
Antheil der königlich bayerischen Armee am Kriege des Jahres 1866
831:, the chief of the VIIIth corps, also received orders from the
370:
924:
Walter Hamm: Die Toten der bayerischen Armee des Jahres 1866
755:
and then turned eastward to meet the Bavarians at the River
900:
Die Kriegsereignisse in Westdeutschland im Jahre 1866
42:
Way of the Prussian Army in the campaign of the Main
361:
VIIIth Korps: 402 dead; 1,439 wounded; 2,444 missed
358:VIIth corps: 339 dead; 2,114 wounded; 1,604 missed
743:on 13 July and the Austrian and Hessian troops at
656:, another part of the Prussian troops invaded the
672:The allies of Austria had formed the VIIth and
21:
932:Kataloge des Bayerischen Armeemuseums. Band 13
382:
8:
688:. The VIIIth Corps, composed of troops from
1150:. In: Dieter Storz, Daniel Hohrath (Ed.):
1133:. In: Dieter Storz, Daniel Hohrath (Ed.):
389:
375:
367:
18:
316:50,000 soldiers, thereof 41,000 infantry,
720:and beat the Bavarians in the battle of
16:Campaign of the 1866 Austro-Prussian War
1152:Nord gegen Süd. Der Deutsche Krieg 1866
1135:Nord gegen Süd. Der Deutsche Krieg 1866
872:
648:, where they defeated the Austrian and
829:Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine
7:
1201:Military campaigns involving Germany
906:; compiled from the tables of losses
354:411 dead; 2,498 wounded; 153 missed
1181:Battles of the Austro-Prussian War
14:
1196:1866 in the German Confederation
898:(Vol. 5), Vienna 1869, chapter:
879:Alexander von Hessen-Darmstadt:
807:Reasons for the Prussian victory
293:
281:
263:
251:
227:
216:
206:
194:
182:
169:
156:
142:
132:
122:
112:
101:
36:
731:Now the Bavarians retreated to
628:in southern Germany during the
902:, p. 32-174 (scan p. 206-348)
825:Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria
712:on 4 July and withdrew to the
640:While the greater part of the
328:4 divisions and corps-reserve:
300:Alexander von Hessen-Darmstadt
1:
270:Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein
1006:. München 1868. p. 26-140
739:, defeated the Hessians at
1217:
991:. Berlin 1871. pp. 41–154
763:(23 July), the battles of
555:Italy and the Adriatic Sea
1186:Battles involving Austria
1176:Battles involving Prussia
1171:Battles involving Bavaria
779:and the following day at
652:troops on 3 July 1866 at
620:in the area of the River
410:
348:
308:
241:
92:
46:
35:
26:
616:) was a campaign of the
958:s. Alexander von Hessen
936:Bayerisches Armeemuseum
118:Saxe-Coburg & Gotha
799:(28 July) and at last
624:against the allies of
242:Commanders and leaders
1120:s. Fontane p. 266-287
1089:s. Fontane p. 255-265
1027:s. Fontane p. 155-200
1018:s. Embree pp. 89–124.
349:Casualties and losses
1054:s. Embree p. 154-186
678:German Confederation
674:VIIIth Federal Corps
636:Preliminary campaign
610:Campaign of the Main
258:Edwin von Manteuffel
22:Campaign of the Main
1036:s. Embree p.125-154
938:, Ingolstadt 2016,
785:Marienberg Fortress
771:(both 24 July) and
654:Königgrätz (Sadowa)
630:Austro-Prussian War
401:Austro-Prussian War
29:Austro-Prussian War
1045:s. Fontane 201-254
863:followed in 1868.
833:Federal Convention
769:Tauberbischofsheim
741:Laufach/Frohnhofen
658:Kingdom of Hanover
644:troops marched to
528:Tauberbischofsheim
1098:s. Embree 187-194
973:978-1-909384-50-7
944:978-3-00-053589-5
821:Helmut von Moltke
700:, stood north of
605:
604:
365:
364:
88:
87:
1208:
1191:July 1866 events
1155:
1144:
1138:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1001:
995:
982:
976:
965:
959:
956:
950:
948:available online
913:
907:
893:
887:
877:
714:Franconian Saale
478:Northern Germany
405:
404:
402:
391:
384:
377:
368:
342:48,000 soldiers,
330:52,000 soldiers,
298:
297:
286:
285:
268:
267:
256:
255:
233:
231:
230:
220:
219:
210:
209:
200:
198:
197:
187:
186:
175:
173:
172:
162:
160:
159:
146:
145:
136:
135:
126:
125:
116:
115:
106:
105:
84:Prussian victory
54:1 – 26 July 1866
48:
47:
40:
19:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1145:
1141:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1002:
998:
985:Theodor Fontane
983:
979:
966:
962:
957:
953:
914:
910:
894:
890:
878:
874:
869:
845:
817:Zündnadelgewehr
809:
670:
638:
606:
601:
406:
400:
398:
397:
395:
359:
343:
341:
339:
334:
333:
331:
329:
327:
319:
317:
315:
304:
292:
288:Karl von Bayern
280:
274:
262:
250:
228:
226:
217:
212:Hesse-Darmstadt
207:
195:
193:
181:
170:
168:
157:
155:
143:
133:
123:
113:
100:
76:
55:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1146:Dieter Storz:
1139:
1131:Die Bewaffnung
1129:Dieter Storz:
1122:
1113:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1069:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
996:
977:
960:
951:
908:
888:
871:
870:
868:
865:
844:
841:
808:
805:
669:
666:
637:
634:
603:
602:
600:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
558:
557:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
494:
493:
487:
486:
480:
479:
475:
474:
469:
462:
457:
455:Schweinschädel
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
416:
415:
411:
408:
407:
396:
394:
393:
386:
379:
371:
363:
362:
355:
351:
350:
346:
345:
321:
318:4,000 cavalry,
311:
310:
306:
305:
303:
302:
290:
277:
275:
273:
272:
260:
247:
244:
243:
239:
238:
237:
224:
214:
204:
191:
179:
166:
152:
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150:
140:
130:
120:
110:
95:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
64:
62:
58:
57:
56:(25 days)
52:
44:
43:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1213:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
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1177:
1174:
1172:
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1166:
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1132:
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1123:
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1101:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1051:
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1042:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
986:
981:
978:
974:
970:
964:
961:
955:
952:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:
886:
882:
876:
873:
866:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
842:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
806:
804:
802:
798:
794:
789:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:Aschaffenburg
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
667:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
635:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:Prussian Army
615:
611:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
582:Vezza d'Oglio
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
556:
553:
552:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
518:Aschaffenburg
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
492:
489:
488:
485:
482:
481:
477:
476:
473:
470:
468:
467:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
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431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
413:
412:
409:
403:
392:
387:
385:
380:
378:
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372:
369:
360:
356:
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347:
337:
325:
322:
313:
312:
307:
301:
296:
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284:
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266:
261:
259:
254:
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236:
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223:
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205:
203:
192:
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121:
119:
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104:
99:
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91:
83:
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79:
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71:
67:
63:
60:
59:
53:
50:
49:
45:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1077:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1003:
999:
988:
980:
975:. pp. 68–88.
963:
954:
946:. p. 77-83.
931:
927:
923:
915:
911:
899:
895:
891:
880:
875:
853:Hesse-Kassel
846:
843:Consequences
836:
816:
810:
790:
730:
728:on 10 July.
698:Wuerttemberg
671:
661:
639:
613:
612:(in German:
609:
607:
490:
465:
450:Münchengrätz
420:Hühnerwasser
357:
336:VIIIth corps
335:
323:
314:3 divisions:
189:Hesse-Kassel
93:Belligerents
1148:Der Feldzug
1008:digitalised
993:digitalised
920:digitalised
904:digitalised
861:army reform
803:(31 July).
684:, stood in
614:Mainfeldzug
484:Langensalza
440:Burkersdorf
344:136 cannons
332:144 cannons
324:VIIth corps
320:121 cannons
177:Württemberg
1165:Categories
1154:. p. 57-59
1137:. p. 47-51
1111:p. 209-223
1080:p. 159-208
1067:p. 140-159
867:References
813:needle gun
773:Gerchsheim
726:Hammelburg
577:Valtellina
572:Lake Garda
538:Gerchsheim
513:Frohnhofen
491:Main River
466:Königgrätz
326:(Bavaria):
857:Frankfurt
837:Bundestag
801:Nuremberg
777:Helmstadt
749:Darmstadt
722:Kissingen
702:Frankfurt
686:Thuringia
682:Bavarians
662:Mainarmee
632:of 1866.
543:Helmstadt
508:Kissingen
435:Trautenau
128:Oldenburg
797:Bayreuth
781:Roßbrunn
761:Hundheim
753:Odenwald
737:Spessart
733:Würzburg
710:Dermbach
642:Prussian
592:Bezzecca
567:Trentino
548:Roßbrunn
523:Hundheim
503:Dermbach
472:Blumenau
460:Gitschin
309:Strength
61:Location
27:Part of
1109:Antheil
1078:Antheil
1065:Antheil
765:Werbach
706:Hünfeld
676:of the
646:Bohemia
626:Austria
562:Custoza
533:Werbach
498:Hünfeld
445:Skalitz
414:Bohemia
235:Austria
164:Bavaria
108:Prussia
74:Bavaria
31:of 1866
971:
942:
926:. In:
885:online
849:Nassau
757:Tauber
668:Course
430:Náchod
232:
222:Nassau
199:
174:
161:
148:Bremen
81:Result
694:Baden
690:Hesse
650:Saxon
597:Versa
587:Lissa
425:Podol
202:Baden
138:Lippe
70:Baden
66:Hesse
969:ISBN
940:ISBN
855:and
724:and
718:Rhön
708:and
696:and
622:Main
608:The
72:and
51:Date
1107:s.
1076:s.
1063:s.
934:).
930:(=
819:).
793:Hof
1167::
987::
851:,
795:,
767:,
692:,
68:,
835:(
815:(
390:e
383:t
376:v
338::
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