1626:
1614:
86:
Cannabis produced in
Madagascar is primarily for local consumption, where it is described as "ubiquitous", with some limited export to neighboring African countries. Cannabis is largely grown in the provinces of
1388:
63:
The discovery of cannabis pollen dating back two millennia on
Madagascar has been cited as one of the points of evidence for the first arrival of the Malagasy people on the island.
1355:
451:
1433:
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78:, you become half-witted... You smoke the long leaves and take leave of your senses; it is because of this I do not want it."
1576:
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1199:
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190:
Oceanic
Migration: Paths, Sequence, Timing and Range of Prehistoric Migration in the Pacific and Indian Oceans
1438:
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74:. Cannabis use was rife amongst his courtiers, and the king decried the practice saying: "when you smoke
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1262:
815:
780:
735:
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616:
531:
441:
103:
in the south. Some of the types of cannabis cultivated in
Madagascar are "wild varieties".
66:
Local usage of cannabis was reported by foreign visitors in the 1700s and 1800s, and under
1618:
28:
111:
Cannabis is illegal in
Madagascar, though widely used. Given its illegality, the plant
1640:
100:
134:
92:
48:
44:
88:
1613:
344:
96:
117:
is sometimes used as a substitute, whether smoked or in infusions.
75:
348:
272:"Legal status of cannabis in Madagascar - Cannaconnection.com"
247:
Crime and
Punishment around the World: [Four Volumes]
220:
David
Griffiths and the Missionary "History of Madagascar"
322:
Gabriella
Harriet Schmelzer; Ameenah Gurib-Fakim (2008).
193:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 77–.
19:
is illegal, but is produced and consumed domestically.
1602:
1564:
1489:
1406:
1364:
1341:
1230:
904:
661:
645:
389:
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187:Charles E.M. Pearce; F. M. Pearce (17 June 2010).
136:Madagascar & Comoros: a travel survival kit
212:
210:
360:
8:
1338:
386:
367:
353:
345:
43:, with the latter term being popular on
1609:
301:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 192–.
125:
1582:Adult lifetime cannabis use by country
133:Deanna Swaney; Robert Willox (1994).
7:
244:Graeme R. Newman (19 October 2010).
166:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 228–.
14:
47:, though possibly originating in
1624:
1612:
1328:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
452:Democratic Republic of the Congo
51:and being re-diffused there by
1577:Annual cannabis use by country
217:Gwyn Campbell (3 April 2012).
139:. Lonely Planet Publications.
70:consuming cannabis was made a
1:
298:The International Drugs Trade
160:Vera Rubin (1 January 1975).
250:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 124–.
1663:
1587:Cannabis political parties
68:King Andrianampoinimerina
1592:Timeline of cannabis law
1394:Legality by jurisdiction
1356:Legality by jurisdiction
437:Central African Republic
328:. PROTA. pp. 368–.
223:. BRILL. pp. 437–.
276:www.cannaconnection.com
947:Bosnia and Herzegovina
17:Cannabis in Madagascar
1318:Saint Kitts and Nevis
577:São Tomé and Principe
457:Republic of the Congo
1572:Legality of cannabis
881:United Arab Emirates
482:Eswatini (Swaziland)
163:Cannabis and Culture
114:Huperzia obtusifolia
1647:Cannabis by country
1333:Trinidad and Tobago
1238:Antigua and Barbuda
376:Cannabis by country
295:Guy Arnold (2005).
1273:Dominican Republic
95:in the north, and
1600:
1599:
1560:
1559:
1402:
1401:
472:Equatorial Guinea
335:978-90-5782-204-9
308:978-1-57958-396-5
257:978-0-313-35134-1
230:978-90-04-20980-0
200:978-90-481-3826-5
173:978-3-11-081206-0
146:978-0-86442-196-8
33:Malagasy language
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1456:Papua New Guinea
1429:Marshall Islands
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1118:North Macedonia
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1490:South America
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1374:Legal history
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1366:United States
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1351:Legal history
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1078:Liechtenstein
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1004:French Guiana
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72:capital crime
69:
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58:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
22:
20:
18:
1444:Cook Islands
876:Turkmenistan
836:Saudi Arabia
602:South Africa
592:Sierra Leone
546:
417:Burkina Faso
324:
317:
297:
290:
279:. Retrieved
275:
266:
246:
239:
219:
189:
182:
162:
155:
135:
128:
112:
110:
101:Fianarantsoa
85:
65:
62:
40:
36:
26:
16:
15:
1439:New Zealand
1389:Non-medical
1323:Saint Lucia
1278:El Salvador
1185:Switzerland
1113:Netherlands
826:Philippines
766:South Korea
761:North Korea
669:Afghanistan
507:Ivory Coast
93:Antsiranana
23:Terminology
1631:Madagascar
1434:Micronesia
1258:Costa Rica
1220:Montserrat
1155:San Marino
1108:Montenegro
1088:Luxembourg
1009:Martinique
999:Guadeloupe
932:Azerbaijan
886:Uzbekistan
861:Tajikistan
776:Kyrgyzstan
756:Kazakhstan
716:East Timor
679:Bangladesh
653:Antarctica
646:Antarctica
587:Seychelles
557:Mozambique
547:Madagascar
537:Mauritania
432:Cape Verde
383:By country
281:2020-12-03
121:References
53:Reunionese
49:Madagascar
27:Terms for
1552:Venezuela
1497:Argentina
1414:Australia
1288:Guatemala
1215:Gibraltar
1083:Lithuania
977:Greenland
846:Sri Lanka
841:Singapore
726:Indonesia
704:Hong Kong
542:Mauritius
89:Mahajanga
55:workers.
1641:Category
1619:Cannabis
1565:See also
1542:Suriname
1532:Paraguay
1517:Colombia
1424:Kiribati
1379:Timeline
1298:Honduras
1268:Dominica
1248:Barbados
1170:Slovenia
1165:Slovakia
1140:Portugal
1128:Svalbard
952:Bulgaria
866:Thailand
821:Pakistan
801:Mongolia
796:Maldives
791:Malaysia
694:Cambodia
637:Zimbabwe
612:Tanzania
487:Ethiopia
462:Djibouti
427:Cameroon
412:Botswana
107:Legality
35:include
29:cannabis
1605:Portals
1547:Uruguay
1522:Ecuador
1502:Bolivia
1481:Vanuatu
1407:Oceania
1384:Medical
1303:Jamaica
1283:Grenada
1243:Bahamas
1205:Bermuda
1195:Ukraine
1145:Romania
1098:Moldova
1061:History
1051:Ireland
1046:Iceland
1041:Hungary
1031:Germany
1026:Georgia
1019:RĂ©union
989:Finland
984:Estonia
972:Denmark
957:Croatia
942:Belgium
937:Belarus
927:Armenia
922:Austria
917:Andorra
912:Albania
891:Vietnam
806:Myanmar
786:Lebanon
674:Bahrain
622:Tunisia
597:Somalia
582:Senegal
567:Nigeria
562:Namibia
552:Morocco
522:Liberia
517:Lesotho
477:Eritrea
447:Comoros
422:Burundi
397:Algeria
82:Economy
59:History
45:RĂ©union
37:rangani
31:in the
1527:Guyana
1507:Brazil
1476:Tuvalu
1343:Canada
1313:Panama
1308:Mexico
1253:Belize
1190:Turkey
1180:Sweden
1160:Serbia
1150:Russia
1135:Poland
1123:Norway
1103:Monaco
1073:Latvia
1068:Kosovo
1036:Greece
994:France
962:Cyprus
905:Europe
871:Turkey
856:Taiwan
771:Kuwait
751:Jordan
741:Israel
689:Brunei
684:Bhutan
632:Zambia
627:Uganda
572:Rwanda
527:Malawi
497:Gambia
402:Angola
390:Africa
332:
305:
254:
227:
197:
170:
143:
97:Tulear
1512:Chile
1471:Tonga
1461:Samoa
1451:Palau
1293:Haiti
1175:Spain
1093:Malta
1056:Italy
896:Yemen
851:Syria
831:Qatar
811:Nepal
746:Japan
721:India
709:Macau
699:China
607:Sudan
512:Kenya
502:Ghana
492:Gabon
467:Egypt
407:Benin
41:zamal
1537:Peru
1419:Fiji
1263:Cuba
816:Oman
781:Laos
736:Iraq
731:Iran
662:Asia
617:Togo
532:Mali
442:Chad
330:ISBN
303:ISBN
252:ISBN
225:ISBN
195:ISBN
168:ISBN
141:ISBN
99:and
91:and
76:hemp
39:and
1643::
274:.
209:^
1607::
368:e
361:t
354:v
338:.
311:.
284:.
260:.
233:.
203:.
176:.
149:.
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